CN220305512U - Optical waveguide structure and near-to-eye display module - Google Patents
Optical waveguide structure and near-to-eye display module Download PDFInfo
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- CN220305512U CN220305512U CN202320977408.9U CN202320977408U CN220305512U CN 220305512 U CN220305512 U CN 220305512U CN 202320977408 U CN202320977408 U CN 202320977408U CN 220305512 U CN220305512 U CN 220305512U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses an optical waveguide structure and a near-to-eye display module, wherein the optical waveguide structure comprises: a spectroscopic waveguide and an imaging waveguide arranged in parallel; the imaging waveguide comprises a first coupling-in region and a second coupling-in region which are respectively positioned at two ends of the imaging waveguide; the beam splitting waveguide is used for splitting coupling light into two beams, one beam is coupled in from a first coupling-in area of the imaging waveguide, the other beam is coupled in from a second coupling-in area of the imaging waveguide, which is transmitted by the beam splitting waveguide, so that two beams of light which are transmitted in opposite directions and have different transmission angles exist in the imaging waveguide, the technical problems of discontinuous exit pupil and poor field brightness uniformity in the existing waveguide design are relieved, the energy utilization rate of each field is balanced and kept consistent, and the market brightness uniformity is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the field of projection display, in particular to an optical waveguide structure and a near-to-eye display module.
Background
In the waveguide design process, in order to ensure that the angle of view is as large as possible, the propagation angle difference of the transmitted light in the waveguide is often relatively large. The non-uniform propagation angle of the light beam corresponding to each field of view in the waveguide affects the number of times of beam expansion, the number of times of beam expansion with a large propagation angle is small, the number of times of beam expansion with a small propagation angle is large, as shown in fig. 1, the propagation angle of the light beam shown by the solid line is larger than the propagation angle of the light beam shown by the broken line, the number of times of beam expansion shown by the solid line is small, and the number of times of beam expansion shown by the broken line is large.
In order to ensure that the exit pupil is continuous, the waveguide thickness is thinner, when the number of times of pupil expansion is larger, the coupling-out efficiency of light beams is required to be reduced each time, the coupling-out efficiency of light beams is required to be arranged each time in the propagation process, if the coupling-out efficiency is overlarge, the light beam energy utilization rate with more times of pupil expansion is lower, and if the coupling-out efficiency is overlarge, the light beam energy utilization rate with less times of pupil expansion is lower, and the uniformity of the brightness of the whole field of view is poorer, as shown in fig. 2, the left image and the right image are respectively field of view brightness output graphs when the coupling-out efficiency is high and the coupling-out efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to provide an optical waveguide structure and a near-to-eye display module, which are used for relieving the technical problems of discontinuous exit pupil and poor field brightness uniformity in the existing waveguide design.
In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of an embodiment of the present utility model provides an optical waveguide structure, including:
a spectroscopic waveguide and an imaging waveguide arranged in parallel;
the imaging waveguide comprises a first coupling-in region and a second coupling-in region which are respectively positioned at two ends of the imaging waveguide;
the beam splitting waveguide is used for splitting the coupled light into two beams, one beam is coupled in from a first coupling-in area of the imaging waveguide, and the other beam is coupled in from a second coupling-in area of the imaging waveguide, to which the beam splitting waveguide propagates, so that two beams of light which propagate in opposite directions and have different propagation angles exist in the imaging waveguide.
Optionally, the light-splitting waveguide is a diffractive light waveguide;
when an image source is vertically coupled into the light splitting waveguide, light emitted by the image source enters a coupling region of the light splitting waveguide to generate 0-order diffraction light, -1-order diffraction light and +1-order diffraction light; the 0-order diffraction light enters a first coupling-in area of the imaging waveguide along the original light direction, the +1-order diffraction light is transmitted in the light splitting waveguide through total reflection, reaches a coupling-out area of the light splitting waveguide, and is coupled into the imaging waveguide through a second coupling-in area of the imaging waveguide.
Optionally, the spectroscopic waveguide includes a relief type diffractive optical waveguide or a holographic type diffractive optical waveguide.
Optionally, the coupling-in/coupling-out region of the spectroscopic waveguide comprises a straight tooth grating, an inclined grating, a blazed grating or a super surface structure.
Optionally, the light-splitting waveguide and the imaging waveguide are projected along a normal direction of the light-splitting waveguide or the imaging waveguide, and on a projection plane, the first coupling-in area of the imaging waveguide can include a coupling-in area of the light-splitting waveguide; the second in-coupling region of the imaging waveguide can comprise an out-coupling region of the splitting waveguide.
Optionally, on the projection plane, the coupling-in region of the spectroscopic waveguide coincides with the first coupling-in region of the imaging waveguide, and the coupling-out region of the spectroscopic waveguide coincides with the second coupling-in region of the imaging waveguide.
Optionally, the coupling-out area of the splitting waveguide is rectangular or elliptical; the second coupling-in region of the imaging waveguide is rectangular or elliptical in shape.
Optionally, the beam-splitting waveguide is a geometric array waveguide; the beam-splitting waveguide comprises a coupling-in region and two coupling-out regions;
light emitted by the image source enters the light-splitting waveguide to propagate through the coupling-in area of the light-splitting waveguide; when the light emitted by the image source enters the first coupling-out area of the light splitting waveguide, the light emitted by the image source is split into two beams, one beam is coupled out from the first coupling-out area of the light splitting waveguide and is coupled into the imaging waveguide through the first coupling-in area of the imaging waveguide, and the other beam is transmitted to the second coupling-out area of the light splitting waveguide through the light splitting waveguide and enters the imaging waveguide through the second coupling-in area of the imaging waveguide after being coupled out.
Optionally, the light-splitting waveguide and the imaging waveguide are projected along a normal direction of the light-splitting waveguide or the imaging waveguide, and on a projection plane, the first coupling-in area of the imaging waveguide can include a first coupling-out area of the light-splitting waveguide; the second in-coupling region of the imaging waveguide can comprise a second out-coupling region of the splitting waveguide.
A second aspect of the embodiment of the present utility model provides a near-eye display module, including an image source and the optical waveguide structure of the first aspect, where the image source is configured to output imaging light and project the imaging light to the optical waveguide structure, and the imaging light is output after being transmitted by the optical waveguide structure.
One or more technical solutions in the embodiments of the present utility model at least have the following technical effects or advantages:
in the solution of the embodiment of the present utility model, a splitting waveguide and an imaging waveguide are disposed in parallel, where the splitting waveguide is used to split the coupled light into two beams, where one beam is coupled in from a first coupling-in area of the imaging waveguide, and the other beam is coupled in through a second coupling-in area of the imaging waveguide, where the splitting waveguide propagates to, so that two beams of light propagating in opposite directions and having different propagation angles exist in the imaging waveguide. As more than two types of diffracted light exist for each view field light beam to propagate in the waveguide, one type of diffracted light has a large propagation angle, the number of pupil expansion times is small, the other type of diffracted light has a small propagation angle, the number of pupil expansion times is large, and the two light beams propagate from two opposite directions to enter the coupling-out area of the imaging waveguide, the energy utilization rate of each view field can be balanced and kept consistent, and the technical problems of discontinuous exit pupil and poor view field brightness uniformity in the existing waveguide design are solved.
Drawings
For a clearer description of embodiments of the utility model or of solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are necessary for the description of the embodiments or of the prior art will be briefly described, it being evident that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the utility model, and that other drawings can be obtained, without inventive faculty, by a person skilled in the art from these drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of light beams of different propagation angles;
FIG. 2 is a view field brightness output graph of different coupling-out efficiencies;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an optical waveguide structure according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 4 is a vector diagram of a propagating wave provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of propagation angles and azimuth angles provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a diffractive waveguide according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of a coupling-out area shape of a spectroscopic waveguide according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a spectroscopic waveguide according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a coupling-out area shape of a spectroscopic waveguide according to an embodiment of the present utility model.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present utility model will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present utility model, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.
In the embodiment of the present utility model, as shown in fig. 3, one piece of waveguide is used as the coupling-in light splitting structure, namely, the light splitting waveguide 30, and the other piece of waveguide is used as the imaging waveguide 31, and the imaging waveguide 31 includes a first coupling-in region 311 and a second coupling-in region 312 respectively located at two ends of the imaging waveguide 31. The split waveguide 30 can split the coupled light into two beams, one beam is coupled into from the first coupling-in region 311, and the split waveguide 30 propagates the other beam into the second coupling-in region 312 at the other position of the imaging waveguide 31, so that two beams of light propagating along opposite directions and having different propagation angles exist in the imaging waveguide 31, and the two beams of light propagate from the two opposite directions into the coupling-out region 313 of the imaging waveguide 31 in the transmission process in the imaging waveguide 31, thereby equalizing and keeping consistent energy utilization rates of each view field, and improving brightness uniformity.
In the embodiment of the utility model, if more than two types of diffracted light are transmitted in the waveguide by each view field beam, one type of diffracted light has a large transmission angle, the number of pupil expansion times is small, and the other type of diffracted light has a small transmission angle and a large number of pupil expansion times. As shown in the propagation wave vector diagram in fig. 4, the energy utilization rate of each view field can be balanced and kept consistent, and as can be seen from the propagation wave vector diagram, the propagation azimuth angles of the diffracted light of two orders are 180 degrees different, as shown in fig. 5, and a schematic view of the azimuth angles is shown in fig. 5. Thus, both diffracted light needs to propagate from two opposite directions into the outcoupling region to achieve a brightness uniformity effect.
In one possible implementation, when the image source is coupled vertically, the azimuth angle of the incident light of the image source is greater than 90 degrees, and it is difficult for the geometric array waveguide to ensure that all the light of the field of view can pass into the next coupling-in area along with the spectroscopic waveguide. Thus, when the image sources are coupled vertically, a diffractive optical waveguide may be employed as the spectroscopic waveguide. The diffractive waveguide may be of the relief type or holographic type. The relief grating may be a straight tooth grating, an inclined grating or a blazed grating, and in general, the inclined grating and the blazed grating are adopted, so that the energy loss can be ensured as little as possible.
As shown in fig. 6, two light beams split by the split optical waveguide 30 using a dotted line and a solid line are distinguished, taking an image source as an example of an optical fiber scanning display device, light emitted from the optical fiber scanning display device enters a coupling-in area of the split optical waveguide 30 after passing through an imaging system, light generates 0-order, -1-order and +1-order diffracted light in a coupling-in area 301 of the split optical waveguide 30, wherein the 0-order light enters a coupling-in area 311 of the imaging waveguide 31 along an original light direction, the-1-order diffracted light is transmitted out of the split optical waveguide 30 to be absorbed and consumed, and the +1-order diffracted light is transmitted in the split optical waveguide 30 by total reflection, and finally reaches a coupling-out area 302 of the split optical waveguide 30. In order to ensure good brightness uniformity after pupil expansion of the imaging waveguide 31, the coupling region 301 of the spectroscopic waveguide 30 adopts structures such as a slant grating, a blazed grating or a super surface, so that the energy ratio of 0-order diffracted light and +1-order diffracted light in the diffracted light is slightly lower than 1:1, and the-1 order diffraction light is as low as possible, wherein specific values of the energy ratio of the 0 order diffraction light and the +1 order diffraction light can be optimally proportioned according to the diffraction efficiency of each area. In the light beam transmission process, since the light beams of each field of view have different azimuth angles and incident angles during coupling, the azimuth angles of propagation of each light beam in the light-splitting waveguide 30 are different, and the coupling-out area 302 of the light-splitting waveguide 30 may take a rectangular or elliptical shape, and can include all the coupling-out shapes of the propagation light, as shown in fig. 7.
Similarly, as shown in fig. 7, to ensure that the coupled-out light can smoothly enter the second coupling-in region 312 of the imaging waveguide 31, the shape of the second coupling-in region 312 of the imaging waveguide 31 is identical to or includes the shape of the coupling-out region 302 of the spectroscopic waveguide 30. That is, the spectroscopic waveguide 30 and the imaging waveguide 31 are projected along the normal direction (i.e., the Z-axis direction) of the spectroscopic waveguide 30 or the imaging waveguide 31, and the first coupling-in region 311 of the imaging waveguide 31 coincides with the coupling-in region 301 of the spectroscopic waveguide 30 on the projection plane, or the first coupling-in region 311 of the imaging waveguide 31 can include the coupling-in region 301 of the spectroscopic waveguide 30; the second in-coupling region 312 of the imaging waveguide 31 coincides with the out-coupling region 302 of the spectroscopic waveguide 30, or the second in-coupling region 312 of the imaging waveguide 31 can comprise the out-coupling region 302 of the spectroscopic waveguide 30. The projection plane is a plane in which the x and y spatial dimensions are located, as shown in fig. 5.
As shown in fig. 6, light enters the coupling-out region 302 after being transmitted by the spectroscopic waveguide 30, and the-2, -1, and-0 transmission diffracted light is generated, wherein the-0 transmission diffracted light is consumed by the spectroscopic waveguide 30, the-1 transmission light enters the second coupling-in region 312 of the imaging waveguide 31, the-2 transmission diffracted light returns in the imaging waveguide 31 at the original propagation angle, and in order to ensure higher energy utilization, the coupling-out region 302 of the spectroscopic waveguide 30 adopts a structure such as a tilted grating, a blazed grating, or a super-surface, so that the-1 transmission diffracted light energy is as high as possible, and the-2 transmission diffracted light energy is as low as possible.
In another possible embodiment, the image source is coupled obliquely, and the azimuth angles of the light rays of the image source coupled into the light splitting waveguide are all smaller than 90 degrees, and the light splitting waveguide can adopt a geometric array type waveguide. As shown in fig. 8, the spectroscopic waveguide 80 employing the geometric array waveguide includes one coupling-in region and two coupling-out regions.
Taking an image source as an optical fiber scanning display device as an example, the optical fiber scanning display device emits parallel light into a coupling-in area of the light-splitting waveguide 80 after passing through an imaging system, and the parallel light enters the light-splitting waveguide 80 to propagate through the coupling-in area. When light enters the first coupling-out region 801 of the spectroscopic waveguide 80, the light beam is split into two beams, one beam directly enters the first coupling-in region 811 of the imaging waveguide 81, the other beam continues to propagate in the spectroscopic waveguide 80, the light enters the second coupling-out region 802 of the spectroscopic waveguide 80 after being transmitted by the spectroscopic waveguide 80, and then is totally reflected into the second coupling-in region 812 of the imaging waveguide 81. To ensure good brightness uniformity after pupil expansion of the imaging waveguide 81, the ratio of spectral energy is generally equal to 1:1. similarly, during the light transmission process, since the view-field light rays have different azimuth angles and angles of incidence when being coupled into the imaging waveguide 81, the azimuth angles of propagation of the light rays in the imaging waveguide 81 are different, and thus, as shown in fig. 9, the shape of the second coupling-in area 812 of the imaging waveguide 81 may be rectangular or elliptical, and can include all the shapes of coupling-out of the propagating light.
According to the embodiment, after the image light is split by the splitting waveguide, the light corresponding to each view field has two directions in the imaging waveguide and has propagation light with different propagation angles, so that the problems of discontinuous exit pupil and poor brightness uniformity of the view field in the existing waveguide design can be effectively solved.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the utility model also provides a near-to-eye display module, which comprises an image source and an optical waveguide structure, wherein the image source is used for outputting imaging light and projecting the imaging light to the optical waveguide structure, and the imaging light is transmitted through the optical waveguide structure and then is output. The near-to-eye display module can be applied to AR glasses, and the image source can be an optical fiber scanning display device, an MEMS galvanometer, a Micro LED and the like, and the utility model is not limited to the above.
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in a method or process disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except for mutually exclusive features and/or steps.
Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, each feature is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features, unless expressly stated otherwise.
The utility model is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The utility model extends to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification, as well as to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of the method or process disclosed.
Claims (10)
1. An optical waveguide structure, comprising:
a spectroscopic waveguide and an imaging waveguide arranged in parallel;
the imaging waveguide comprises a first coupling-in region and a second coupling-in region which are respectively positioned at two ends of the imaging waveguide;
the beam splitting waveguide is used for splitting the coupled light into two beams, one beam is coupled in from a first coupling-in area of the imaging waveguide, and the other beam is coupled in from a second coupling-in area of the imaging waveguide, to which the beam splitting waveguide propagates, so that two beams of light which propagate in opposite directions and have different propagation angles exist in the imaging waveguide.
2. The optical waveguide structure of claim 1, wherein the light splitting waveguide is a diffractive optical waveguide;
when an image source is vertically coupled into the light splitting waveguide, light emitted by the image source enters a coupling region of the light splitting waveguide to generate 0-order diffraction light, -1-order diffraction light and +1-order diffraction light; the 0-order diffraction light enters a first coupling-in area of the imaging waveguide along the original light direction, the +1-order diffraction light is transmitted in the light splitting waveguide through total reflection, reaches a coupling-out area of the light splitting waveguide, and is coupled into the imaging waveguide through a second coupling-in area of the imaging waveguide.
3. The optical waveguide structure of claim 2, wherein the spectroscopic waveguide comprises a relief-type diffractive optical waveguide or a holographic-type diffractive optical waveguide.
4. The optical waveguide structure of claim 2 or 3, wherein the in/out region of the split waveguide comprises a straight tooth grating, an inclined grating, a blazed grating, or a super surface structure.
5. The optical waveguide structure according to claim 2, wherein the spectroscopic waveguide and the imaging waveguide are projected in a normal direction of the spectroscopic waveguide or the imaging waveguide, and the first coupling-in region of the imaging waveguide can include the coupling-in region of the spectroscopic waveguide on a projection surface; the second in-coupling region of the imaging waveguide can comprise an out-coupling region of the splitting waveguide.
6. The optical waveguide structure of claim 5, wherein on the projection plane, the coupling-in region of the splitting waveguide coincides with the first coupling-in region of the imaging waveguide, and the coupling-out region of the splitting waveguide coincides with the second coupling-in region of the imaging waveguide.
7. The optical waveguide structure according to claim 6, wherein the coupling-out region of the spectroscopic waveguide has a rectangular or elliptical shape; the second coupling-in region of the imaging waveguide is rectangular or elliptical in shape.
8. The optical waveguide structure of claim 1, wherein the spectroscopic waveguide is a geometric array waveguide; the beam-splitting waveguide comprises a coupling-in region and two coupling-out regions;
light emitted by an image source enters the light-splitting waveguide to propagate through the coupling-in area of the light-splitting waveguide; when the light emitted by the image source enters the first coupling-out area of the light splitting waveguide, the light emitted by the image source is split into two beams, one beam is coupled out from the first coupling-out area of the light splitting waveguide and is coupled into the imaging waveguide through the first coupling-in area of the imaging waveguide, and the other beam is transmitted to the second coupling-out area of the light splitting waveguide through the light splitting waveguide and enters the imaging waveguide through the second coupling-in area of the imaging waveguide after being coupled out.
9. The optical waveguide structure of claim 8, wherein the spectroscopic waveguide and the imaging waveguide are projected in a normal direction of the spectroscopic waveguide or the imaging waveguide, and the first coupling-in region of the imaging waveguide can include the first coupling-out region of the spectroscopic waveguide on a projection surface; the second in-coupling region of the imaging waveguide can comprise a second out-coupling region of the splitting waveguide.
10. A near-eye display module, comprising an image source and the optical waveguide structure of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the image source is configured to output imaging light and project the imaging light to the optical waveguide structure, and the imaging light is output after being transmitted by the optical waveguide structure.
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| CN202320977408.9U CN220305512U (en) | 2023-04-26 | 2023-04-26 | Optical waveguide structure and near-to-eye display module |
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| CN202320977408.9U CN220305512U (en) | 2023-04-26 | 2023-04-26 | Optical waveguide structure and near-to-eye display module |
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