CN220272517U - 3D flow field plate of fuel cell - Google Patents
3D flow field plate of fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN220272517U CN220272517U CN202323102126.3U CN202323102126U CN220272517U CN 220272517 U CN220272517 U CN 220272517U CN 202323102126 U CN202323102126 U CN 202323102126U CN 220272517 U CN220272517 U CN 220272517U
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- flow field
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- fuel cell
- field plate
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 43
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model discloses a 3D flow field plate of a fuel cell, which comprises a flow field plate, wherein the middle part of the flow field plate is provided with a flow field, the flow field is used for providing a flow place for reactants and products, the capacity of mass transfer inside the fuel cell is determined to a certain extent, the electrochemical reaction rate is influenced, and the electrochemical performance of the cell is further influenced. According to the utility model, through the multidirectional turbulence effect of the 3D opposite sine wave structure, convection mass transfer is enhanced, periodically-changed pressure distribution is formed in the flow channel, the pressure gradient of the flow channel and the gas diffusion layer and the concentration gradient of the reaction gas are increased, the reaction gas is promoted to diffuse to the surface of the electrode, and electrochemical reaction is accelerated.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of fuel cell flow field plates, in particular to a 3D flow field plate of a fuel cell.
Background
The fuel cell is a power generation device for directly converting chemical energy in fuel into electric energy, has the advantages of high energy density, low pollution, low noise and the like, and the main components of the fuel cell are a membrane electrode and a flow field plate, the optimal design of the flow field plate is a hot spot in the current fuel cell research, the optimal design of the flow field structure can effectively improve the reaction gas distribution of the flow field, the discharge of liquid water is accelerated, and the reasonable optimal design can obviously improve the performance of PEMFC and prolong the service life. The flow field plate has the main function of playing a role of mechanical support in the fuel cell and separating reactants of the cathode and the anode; providing a gas circulation channel to promote the uniform distribution of the reaction gas to the surface of the membrane electrode; as a discharge channel for exhaust gas and liquid water, maintaining the stability of the battery; collecting and transmitting current; facilitating thermal management.
The application of the flow field plate in practice requires comprehensive evaluation of market applicability, performance and cost of the flow field plate. For the automotive sector, the service life of fuel cells requires at least 5000 hours. The flow field plates used in both current commercial NEXO fuel cell vehicles and MIRAI fuel cell vehicles still have limitations in performance, volume, weight, life and cost that make commercial propulsion of the fuel cell difficult. In order to truly realize large-scale commercial application of fuel cells, the problems of material forming, processing technology, structural design and the like of flow field plates are urgently needed to be solved.
The most main problem of the existing flow field plate is that the electrochemical reaction cannot be stably carried out under the high current density, especially the reaction kinetics of the cathode side is very slow compared with that of the anode side, the oxygen diffusion efficiency is far lower than that of hydrogen, and water generated by the electrochemical reaction blocks GDL pores, so that flooding is caused, the diffusion of oxygen to the surface of an electrode is blocked, the concentration polarization is increased, and the cell performance is reduced.
In the existing flow field plate structure design, more 2D structures are applied, including the direction parallel to the cross section of the flow channel and the direction parallel to the height of the flow channel, and more optimization designs parallel to the cross section of the flow channel utilize the pressure change in the flow channel to form the concentration gradient between the flow channel and the gas diffusion layer so as to accelerate the diffusion of the reaction gas to the electrode surface; the optimized design parallel to the height direction of the flow channel utilizes a vertical structure to extrude the reaction gas to carry out a gas diffusion layer, so that the reaction gas is accelerated to be uniformly distributed on the surface of the electrode, for example, a variable cross-section fuel cell flow channel disclosed in Chinese patent publication No. CN108258261B is disclosed, the application adopts the two design methods, and the concentration polarization is still larger under the high current density of the two optimized design methods, so that the efficient electrochemical reaction and the stable operation of the cell can not be ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the prior art, the utility model aims to provide a 3D flow field plate of a fuel cell, which mainly solves the technical problem of ensuring stable progress of electrochemical reaction under high current density.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present utility model is as follows:
the utility model provides a fuel cell 3D flow field board, including the flow field board, the middle part department of flow field board is equipped with the flow field, the flow field is used for providing the flow place for reactant and result, and the ability of the inside mass transfer of fuel cell has been decided to a certain extent, influence electrochemical reaction rate, and then influence cell electrochemical performance, and the flow field board is provided with guiding mechanism in the flow field, guiding mechanism is used for the gas circulation direction, guiding mechanism includes a plurality of bank ridge, the bank ridge includes two bent plates, the bent plate is used for separating the flow field into a plurality of secondary flow channel, the secondary flow channel plays the effect of transmission gas, play important effect in the inside mass transfer of fuel cell, the wall of bank ridge in the direction of gas flow is provided with predetermineeing the radian, and the bank ridge of taking the radian is used for promoting the diffusion of reaction gas to electrode surface.
Further, two curved plates in the same bank ridge are oppositely arranged, the two curved plates are splayed with the tops gathered, the curved plates are sine-wave-shaped, and the sine-wave-shaped curved plates are used for forming periodic turbulence in the auxiliary flow channel.
Further, the area of the secondary flow channel inlet cross section of the secondary flow channel is equal to the area of the secondary flow channel outlet cross section.
Further, in the flow field on the flow field plate, an inlet main flow channel and an outlet main flow channel are respectively arranged at the inlet and the outlet of the auxiliary flow channel, the two main flow channels play roles of transmitting reaction gas, distributing the reaction gas into the auxiliary flow channel and collecting waste gas and water generated by reaction, and the widths of the two main flow channels are slightly wider than those of the auxiliary flow channel, because the main flow channel plays a role of distributing gas and collecting gas, the wider cross section is needed to reasonably distribute gas and guide the reaction gas to uniformly enter the auxiliary flow channel, a gas inlet and a gas outlet are respectively arranged at the positions of two ends of a diagonal line in the flow field on the flow field plate, the sizes of the gas inlet and the gas outlet are kept consistent, and the side wall of the flow field plate is respectively provided with a gas inlet bolt hole and a gas outlet bolt hole.
Further, the gas inlet side wall surface at the gas inlet and the gas outlet side wall surface at the gas outlet are cambered surfaces.
Further, the side wall surface of the ridge is an inclined surface, and the top surface of the ridge, the bottom surface of the runner of the auxiliary flow channel, the side wall surface of the flow field, the bottom surface of the inlet main flow channel and the side wall surface of the outlet main flow channel are smooth planes.
Further, the seal groove is arranged on the outer side of the flow field, the side wall surface of the seal groove is a rough surface, the seal groove is used for arranging a sealing gasket, so that the sealing performance is enhanced, a plurality of tightening bolt holes are formed in the edge position of the flow field plate perpendicular to the flow field direction at equal intervals, the tightening bolt holes are arranged on the outer side of the seal groove, the tightening bolt holes are used for installing tightening bolts, the battery structure is designed for the compactness of the battery structure, the electronic conduction impedance inside the battery can be remarkably reduced due to good assembly effect, the ohmic impedance is reduced, and the output performance of the fuel cell is improved.
Further, the diversion trenches are formed in the two sides of the curved plate, a plurality of protrusions are arranged on the two sides of the curved plate in the areas outside the diversion trenches, and the surfaces of the protrusions are streamline.
The utility model has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the 3D flow field plate of the fuel cell, through the multidirectional turbulence effect of the 3D opposite sine wave structure, convection mass transfer is enhanced, periodically-changed pressure distribution is formed in the flow channel, the pressure gradient of the flow channel and the gas diffusion layer and the concentration gradient of the reaction gas are increased, the reaction gas is promoted to diffuse to the surface of the electrode, electrochemical reaction is accelerated, meanwhile, the periodic flow velocity change in the flow channel can accelerate the discharge of liquid water, heat exchange is enhanced, and the thermal management effect is optimized, so that stable progress of the electrochemical reaction can be ensured under high current density, and the output performance of the fuel cell is further improved;
2. the utility model improves the water-gas-heat transmission performance of the flow field plate of the fuel cell under high current density and the running stability, durability and electrochemical performance of the fuel cell to a greater extent by adding one-dimensional structural design on the basis of a 2D structure, and has the characteristics of easy processing, low processing cost and the like, and particularly, the processing difficulty and cost when the graphite plate is adopted for processing are not different from those of the 2D flow field plate;
3. through add guiding gutter and arch on the bent plate, when the air current passes through the guiding gutter, can form the vortex in the guiding gutter to produce flow fluctuation, so that effectively control the flow of air current boundary layer, reduce the resistance, the protruding flow direction that also can change the air current boundary layer simultaneously forms turbulent flow or tiny vortex structure, thereby reduces the adhesion resistance, thereby promote the characteristics that the flow resistance that the auxiliary flow passageway has is little.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a top view of a fuel cell 3D flow field plate of example 1 of the present application;
fig. 2 is a perspective view of a 3D flow field plate of a fuel cell according to example 1 of the present application;
fig. 3 is a perspective view of a flow field of a fuel cell 3D flow field plate of example 1 of the present application;
fig. 4 is a perspective view of a curved plate of a 3D flow field plate of a fuel cell according to example 1 of the present application;
fig. 5 is a perspective view of a curved plate of a 3D flow field plate of a fuel cell according to example 2 of the present application.
Reference numerals illustrate:
the flow field plate comprises a 1-flow field plate, a 2-gas inlet, a 3-bank ridge, a 301-curved plate, a 302-diversion trench, a 303-bulge, a 4-auxiliary flow channel, a 5-inlet main flow channel, a 6-sealing groove, a 7-gas outlet, an 8-outlet main flow channel, 9-tightening bolt holes, 10-inlet bolt holes, 11-bank ridge side wall surfaces, 12-runner bottom surfaces, 13-bank ridge top surfaces, 14-auxiliary flow channel inlet sections, 15-auxiliary flow channel outlet sections, 16-outlet bolt holes, 17-gas inlet side wall surfaces, 18-flow field side wall surfaces, 19-inlet main flow channel bottom surfaces, 20-gas outlet side wall surfaces, 21-sealing groove side wall surfaces and 22-outlet main flow channel side wall surfaces.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the utility model is further elaborated below by referring to the drawings in the specification and the specific embodiments. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this utility model belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the utility model is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the utility model. In the following description, reference is made to the expression "some embodiments" which describe a subset of all possible embodiments, but it should be understood that "some embodiments" may be the same subset or a different subset of all possible embodiments and may be combined with each other without conflict.
It will be further understood that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," "left," "right," and the like are used herein for illustrative purposes only and are not meant to be the only embodiment.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1-3, the present application provides a 3D flow field plate of a fuel cell, in order to improve the water-gas-heat transmission performance inside the fuel cell, a reactant gas enters the flow field from a gas inlet 2, passes through the transmission and distribution of an inlet main flow channel, enters a secondary flow channel 4, forms periodic turbulence in the secondary flow channel 4 under the action of a 3D opposite sine wave bank ridge 3, increases the pressure gradient and the concentration gradient between the flow field and a gas diffusion layer, forces the reactant gas to be extruded into the gas diffusion layer, and then reaches the electrode surface through the gas diffusion layer. The 3D opposite sine wave land 3 is designed by sine function, so the land side wall 11 has smooth structure, and the secondary flow channel 4 has the advantage of small flow resistance.
Specifically, 3D opposite sine wave bank ridges 3 are uniformly arranged in the flow field, and adjacent bank ridges adopt an opposite arrangement mode, so that the flow speed of the reactant gas can be accelerated to the greatest extent at the sine wave peak, and the side wall surface with a preset radian is arranged in the height direction of the bank ridges, so that the pressure gradient and the concentration gradient between the flow channel and the gas diffusion layer are maximized, the diffusion of the reactant gas to the electrode surface is accelerated, and the problem of poor oxygen mass transfer of the traditional flow field plate under high current density is solved. Moreover, the larger local flow rate can help the fuel cell to drain water faster at high current density, strengthen heat exchange, optimize thermal management inside the cell, and further improve the stability, durability and electrochemical performance of the fuel cell.
Specifically, after the reactant gas reaches the surface of the electrode, water is generated through electrochemical reaction, the water enters the flow channel through the gas diffusion layer and flows into the outlet main flow channel 8 together with the waste gas, the waste gas and the water are continuously accumulated in the main flow channel 8, the main flow channel 8 and the gas outlet 7 form a pressure difference, and the waste gas and the water can be discharged out of the flow field. In addition, both the gas inlet 2 and the gas outlet 7 require gas transmission through the inlet bolt holes 10 and the outlet bolt holes 16. To further reduce the flow resistance of the fluid in the flow field, both the gas inlet sidewall surface 17 and the gas outlet sidewall surface 20 are rounded.
Specifically, the assembly of the fuel cell needs to use tightening bolts, and 8 circular tightening bolt holes 9 are arranged at the edge positions of the flow field plate, so that the assembly is designed for the compactness of the cell structure, the electronic conduction impedance inside the cell can be obviously reduced, the ohmic impedance is reduced, and the output performance of the fuel cell is improved due to good assembly effect. The sealing groove 6 is arranged in the flow field for air tightness to place a sealing gasket, so that the sealing gasket plays roles in sealing, buffering and the like, and is also important in the design of the flow field plate of the fuel cell.
Specifically, in order to reduce flow resistance during mass transfer within the fuel cell, the flow field side wall 11, the flow channel bottom 12, the flow field top 13, the flow field side wall 18, the inlet main flow channel bottom 19, the seal groove side wall 21, and the outlet main flow channel side wall 22 are rounded during design, so that the advantages of the fuel cell 3D flow field plate in the present utility model in mass transfer and drainage are maximized. Furthermore, the cross-sectional areas of the secondary flow channel inlet section 14 and the secondary flow channel outlet section 15 are designed to be equally large, in order to enable flexible exchange of the inlet and outlet during specific applications.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 4, compared with embodiment 1, in order to ensure smaller resistance in the secondary flow channel, the present application provides a 3D flow field plate for a fuel cell, in which, in order to ensure smaller resistance in the secondary flow channel, both sides of the curved plate 301 are provided with flow guide grooves 302, when the airflow passes through the flow guide grooves 302, vortex is formed in the flow guide grooves 302 and flow fluctuation is generated, so as to effectively control the flow of the airflow boundary layer, reduce resistance, and both sides of the curved plate 301 are provided with a plurality of protrusions 303 at the areas outside the flow guide grooves 302, the surfaces of the protrusions 303 are streamline, the protrusions 303 can change the flow direction of the airflow boundary layer, and form turbulent flow or fine vortex structures, thereby reducing adhesion resistance, so that the secondary flow channel has the characteristic of small flow resistance.
The foregoing is merely illustrative embodiments of the present utility model, but the scope of the present utility model is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think about variations or substitutions within the technical scope of the present utility model, and the utility model should be covered. The scope of the utility model is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a fuel cell 3D flow field board, includes flow field board (1), its characterized in that, the middle part department of flow field board (1) is equipped with the flow field, and flow field board (1) are provided with guiding mechanism in the flow field for reactant and result, guiding mechanism is used for the gas circulation direction, guiding mechanism includes a plurality of bank ridge (3), bank ridge (3) include two bent plates (301), bent plate (301) are used for separating the flow field into a plurality of secondary flow passageway (4), and wall on bank ridge (3) perpendicular to gas flow direction is provided with predetermineeing the radian, and takes bank ridge (3) of radian to be used for promoting the diffusion of reactant gas to the electrode surface.
2. A fuel cell 3D flow field plate according to claim 1, characterized in that two of the curved plates (301) in the same land (3) are arranged opposite each other and that the two curved plates (301) are splayed together at the top, the curved plates (301) being sinusoidal, the sinusoidal curved plates (301) being adapted to form periodic turbulence in the secondary flow channels (4).
3. A fuel cell 3D flow field plate according to claim 1, characterized in that the area of the secondary flow channel inlet cross section (14) of the secondary flow channel (4) is equal to the area of the secondary flow channel outlet cross section (15).
4. A fuel cell 3D flow field plate according to claim 1, characterized in that in the flow field on the flow field plate (1) inlet main flow channels (5) and outlet main flow channels (8) are provided at the inlet and outlet of the secondary flow channels (4), respectively, in the flow field on the flow field plate (1) gas inlets (2) and gas outlets (7) are provided at the positions of the diagonal ends, respectively, in the flow field on the flow field plate (1) side walls of the flow field plate (1) are provided with gas inlet bolt holes (10) and gas outlet bolt holes (16) at the gas inlets (2) and gas outlets (7), respectively.
5. A fuel cell 3D flow field plate according to claim 4, characterized in that the gas inlet side wall surface (17) at the gas inlet (2) and the gas outlet side wall surface (20) at the gas outlet (7) are cambered surfaces.
6. A fuel cell 3D flow field plate according to claim 1, characterized in that the land side wall surface (11) of the land (3) is an inclined surface, and the land top surface (13) of the land (3), the flow channel bottom surface (12) of the secondary flow channel (4), the flow field side wall surface (18) of the flow field, the inlet main flow channel bottom surface (19) of the inlet main flow channel (5), and the outlet main flow channel side wall surface (22) of the outlet main flow channel (8) are all smooth planes.
7. The 3D flow field plate for the fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein a sealing groove (6) is formed in the outer side of the flow field on the surface of the flow field plate (1), a sealing groove side wall surface (21) of the sealing groove (6) is a rough surface, a plurality of tightening bolt holes (9) are formed in the edge position of the flow field plate (1) perpendicular to the flow field direction at equal intervals, and the tightening bolt holes (9) are located in the outer side of the sealing groove (6).
8. The 3D flow field plate for a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the two sides of the curved plate (301) are provided with flow guide grooves (302), and the two sides of the curved plate (301) are provided with a plurality of protrusions (303) at the areas outside the flow guide grooves (302), and the surfaces of the protrusions (303) are streamline.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN202323102126.3U CN220272517U (en) | 2023-11-17 | 2023-11-17 | 3D flow field plate of fuel cell |
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CN202323102126.3U CN220272517U (en) | 2023-11-17 | 2023-11-17 | 3D flow field plate of fuel cell |
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CN220272517U true CN220272517U (en) | 2023-12-29 |
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CN202323102126.3U Active CN220272517U (en) | 2023-11-17 | 2023-11-17 | 3D flow field plate of fuel cell |
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- 2023-11-17 CN CN202323102126.3U patent/CN220272517U/en active Active
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