CN220232611U - Singlechip experimental device with communication and situational experimental functions - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a single chip microcomputer experimental device with communication and situational experimental functions, which comprises: the system comprises a substrate and a singlechip minimum system template, wherein a pin group J, a pin group P and a pin group S are arranged on the substrate, all pins of a singlechip in the singlechip minimum system template are electrically connected with one pin in the pin group J, all I/O pins of the singlechip minimum system template are electrically connected with one pin in the pin group P, each pin in a singlechip P3 port of the singlechip minimum system template and one pin in the pin group S are electrically connected with one pin in the pin group P, and one or more fixed pin groups for fixing a basic template are arranged on a basic experiment area of the substrate; the contact pin group P is electrically connected with the situational experiment template; the pin group S is electrically connected with the communication template. The single chip microcomputer experimental device can meet basic learning requirements of beginners and can also meet follow-up higher-level learning.

Description

Singlechip experimental device with communication and situational experimental functions

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the field of single-chip microcomputer experimental devices, and particularly relates to a single-chip microcomputer experimental device with communication and situational experimental functions.

Background

Along with the wide application of the current singlechip technology in the technical fields of electronic products, automatic control, communication technology, intelligent equipment and the like, the singlechip course has become the key learning content of a programming learner. However, the single-chip microcomputer experimental equipment used in the current market and each university has the problems of connection solidification, inadequacy, single capability level for learners, large volume and the like, so that the learners are not understood, the teacher is difficult to teach and the like in the experimental teaching process of each university is not ideal. Meanwhile, due to the rapid development of the internet of things technology, the communication technology becomes an urgent field of current singlechip learning, and most singlechip experimental devices on the market at present do not pointedly strengthen the content. The single chip microcomputer experimental device of most colleges and universities at present mainly has the following forms:

(1) Development board for single chip microcomputer

The popularity of the current market is the most extensive, and the current market is favored by SCM lovers. Has the advantages of low price, small volume, convenient carrying and burning procedures and complete functions. A minimum system of a singlechip and a plurality of common basic circuit modules are integrated on a development board, so that the circuit is simple, components are few, and a beginner can quickly enter a learning state. However, the development is generally inconvenient, the higher learning requirement cannot be met, one development board is only suitable for learning of one single-chip microcomputer, and the development board needs to be purchased again when learning of other single-chip microcomputers is needed; meanwhile, most of the development boards of the single-chip microcomputer in the market are high in integration level, so that the development boards are not visual enough in use, and a learner cannot understand a hardware circuit and a programming control mode conveniently.

(2) Singlechip experimental box

The single-chip microcomputer experimental box is also commonly used single-chip microcomputer experimental equipment in most universities. The experimental box is characterized in that experimental items required by a singlechip course are integrated in one experimental box, the integration level is higher, and the volume is larger. The intelligent test box has the advantages of being few in wiring, capable of reducing the situation of easy wire connection error when a learner is at a beginner, capable of saving time in the teaching process, and capable of rapidly completing a verification test task according to an experiment instruction, but large in most of the test box and carrying certain inconvenience.

(3) Independent module

The independent module is also experimental equipment used in the teaching process of many universities. The method is characterized in that each part exists in a single module form, the type of the used module is determined according to experimental requirements and expected realization effects, and each part is connected in an external wiring mode. Its advantages are easy deep development and high flexibility. But because of the characteristics of the independent parts, the I/0 port is connected, and the aspects of basic power supply, grounding and the like are also connected during wiring, so that the requirement on basic knowledge of a learner is higher, and a certain learning threshold is provided, so that the device is more suitable for learning and developing of high-end learners. At the same time, the form of the independent module has the disadvantage of easy loss.

(4) Simulation platform

Besides the teaching equipment with entities, simulation experiment platforms built by simulation software such as Protues are also the teaching equipment commonly used or used in an auxiliary way. The simulation diagram of the circuit provides a good auxiliary effect for singlechip teaching, and greatly improves the teaching efficiency. The limitation of original and singlechip model rarely appears, and basically the circuit simulation diagram is built and is write-in procedure alright inspection experiment effect. Students can learn by themselves in class, so that the learning cost is greatly reduced. However, the method has the outstanding problem that due to the difference of actual hardware and the fact that the simulation result of the simulation platform is different from the actual result to a certain extent; and some experiments (such as wireless communication and the like) are difficult to simulate, the experimental effect is inconsistent with the expected effect or the program needs to be changed greatly due to the software problem, and meanwhile, the learner cannot touch the actual module, so that the singlechip is difficult to actually learn, and therefore, the simulation experiment device can be used as a teaching auxiliary means and a verification tool at most.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the defects of the technical scheme, the utility model aims to provide a singlechip experimental device with communication and situational experimental functions.

The aim of the utility model is achieved by the following technical scheme.

A single chip microcomputer experimental device with communication and situational experimental functions comprises: the system comprises a substrate and a singlechip minimum system template, wherein a basic experiment area, a situational experiment area and a communication experiment area are divided on the substrate, a pin group J is arranged on the substrate of the basic experiment area, a pin group P is arranged on the substrate of the situational experiment area, a pin group S is arranged on the substrate of the communication experiment area, the singlechip minimum system template is inserted on the pin group J, all pins of the singlechip in the singlechip minimum system template are electrically connected with one pin in the pin group J, all I/O pins of the singlechip minimum system template are electrically connected with one pin in the pin group P through the substrate, and each pin in a singlechip P3 port of the singlechip minimum system template is electrically connected with one pin in the pin group S through the substrate, and each pin P1.5, RST, P1.7 and P1.6 pin of the singlechip minimum system template is electrically connected with one pin in the pin group S.

One or more fixed pin groups for fixing a basic template are arranged on a basic experiment area of the substrate, the basic template is one or more of a power supply template, a buzzer template, an independent key template, a led lamp template, a liquid crystal display template and a nixie tube display template, and the basic template inserted on the fixed pin groups is electrically connected with a singlechip minimum system template through a DuPont wire;

the pin group P is used for being inserted into the situational experiment template and electrically connected with the situational experiment template;

the pin group S is used for being inserted into the communication template and electrically connected with the communication template.

In the above technical solution, the contextual experiment template includes: one of a traffic light experiment template, an automobile turn light experiment template, a temperature detection experiment template and a stepping motor experiment template.

In the above technical scheme, the traffic light experiment template includes: the LED traffic light comprises 12 traffic light LEDs, a double-position nixie tube, two PNP triodes, a socket P1, a socket P2 and a socket P3, wherein the 12 traffic light LEDs are four groups of traffic lights, each group of traffic lights comprises 1 red light, 1 yellow light and 1 green light, each intersection in the intersection is provided with one group of traffic lights as traffic indication lights, cathodes of the traffic light LEDs with opposite intersection and same color are electrically connected with the same pin in the socket P1, anodes of the traffic light LEDs are electrically connected with one end of a first current limiting resistor, and the other end of the first current limiting resistor is electrically connected with a VCC end; the two PNP type triodes are used for driving the bit selection ends of the double-bit nixie tube, the base electrodes of the two PNP type triodes are respectively and electrically connected with one end of a second current limiting resistor, the other ends of the two second current limiting resistors are electrically connected with the socket P2, the emitter electrode of the PNP type triode is connected with the VCC end, the A, B, C, D, E, F, G and dp pins of the segment selection ends of the double-bit nixie tube are respectively and electrically connected with one end of a third current limiting resistor, and the other end of the third current limiting resistor is electrically connected with the socket P3.

In the above technical solution, the pin group P includes: the pin group P0, the pin group P1 and the pin group P2, the socket P1 is used for being inserted on the pin group P1, the socket P2 is used for being inserted on the pin group P2, and the socket P3 is used for being inserted on the pin group P3.

In the above technical solution, the communication template is a serial communication download template, an SPI communication template, or an IIC communication template.

In the above technical solution, the serial communication download template includes: RS232 serial interface, RS485 serial interface, ISP download interface, contact pin group JP3 (1), contact pin group JP3 (2), socket JP4, socket JP5 and socket JP6 are used for simultaneously cartridge on contact pin group S and respectively with contact pin electric connection in the contact pin group S different, socket JP4 and socket JP5 respectively include 2 pins, socket JP6 includes 4 pins, socket JP4, socket JP5 and socket JP6 cartridge are on contact pin group S after, socket JP4 ' S1 st pin and socket JP6 cartridge are respectively with the P3.0 of singlechip, P3.1 pin electric connection of socket JP5 ' S1 st pin and the P3.5 pin electric connection of singlechip, 4 pins of socket JP6 respectively with the P1.5 of singlechip, P1.7, P1.6 pin electric connection of MAX232 chip 11 and 12 pins in the serial interface circuit respectively with contact pin group JP3 (1) pin and socket JP 2 in proper order, socket JP5 ' S1 st pin electric connection of chip 1 and socket 1, socket 1 ' S2 pin electric connection of DE 1, socket 1 and socket 1 ' S2 pin electric connection of socket JP5 in proper order, socket 1 ' S1 and socket 1, socket 1 ' S2 pin electric connection of DE 3.

In the above technical scheme, the power supply template includes USB power supply interface circuit, the buzzer template includes the circuit of drive buzzer sound production, independent button template includes independent button circuit, including drive emitting diode lighting circuit in the led lamp template, the liquid crystal display template includes: and the connecting circuit of the liquid crystal module, and the nixie tube display template comprises a driving nixie tube display circuit.

The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:

1. the singlechip experimental device comprises a basic experimental area, a situational experimental area and a communication experimental area, not only can meet the basic learning requirement of a beginner, but also can meet the subsequent advanced deep learning, and has the advantages of multiple learner-oriented capability layers, flexible structure organization, visual experimental effect and small volume;

2. the traffic light experimental template designed by the utility model can facilitate learners to intuitively know the connection of a traffic light circuit and the construction of a road traffic management system and understand the logic relationship between traffic light state switching and nixie tube countdown, thereby deeply mastering the control logic of vehicle management at the crossroad.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a top view of a single chip microcomputer experimental device of the utility model;

FIG. 2 is a diagram of a printed circuit board of a substrate in a single chip microcomputer experimental device of the utility model;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a single chip experimental device of the utility model;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a single chip experimental device of the utility model;

FIG. 5 is a circuit of a single-chip microcomputer minimum system template in the single-chip microcomputer experimental device of the utility model;

FIG. 6 is a circuit of a power supply template of the SCM experimental device of the utility model;

FIG. 7 is a circuit of a substrate in the SCM experimental device of the utility model;

FIG. 8 is a circuit of a buzzer template in the SCM experimental apparatus of the present utility model;

FIG. 9 is a circuit of an independent key template in the SCM experimental device of the utility model;

FIG. 10 is a circuit of an led lamp template in a single chip microcomputer experimental device of the utility model;

FIG. 11 is a circuit of a liquid crystal display template in the SCM experimental device of the utility model;

FIG. 12 is a circuit of a nixie tube display template in the SCM experimental device of the utility model;

FIG. 13 is a circuit of a traffic light experiment template in the SCM experiment device of the utility model;

FIG. 14 is a circuit of a serial communication download template in the SCM experimental device of the present utility model;

FIG. 15 is a circuit of an SPI communication template in a single chip microcomputer experimental device of the present utility model;

FIG. 16 is a circuit of the IIC communication template in the SCM experimental device of the present utility model;

FIG. 17 is a PCB diagram of a single chip microcomputer experimental device of the utility model;

FIG. 18 shows the primary stage of the single chip experimental device of the utility model;

FIG. 19 is a top view of a traffic light experiment template in the SCM experiment device of the present utility model;

FIG. 20 is a plug-in style of a contextualized experiment template;

FIG. 21 is a top view of an I2C communication module;

fig. 22 is a plugging mode of the communication template.

Wherein, 1: substrate, 2: pin group J,3: pin group S,4: pin group P,5: and fixing the pin group.

Detailed Description

The singlechip experimental device of the utility model is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1 to 4, a single chip microcomputer experimental device with communication and situational experimental functions includes: the system comprises a substrate 1 and a singlechip minimum system template, wherein a basic experiment area, a situational experiment area and a communication experiment area are divided on the substrate, a pin group J (2 in the figure) is arranged on the substrate of the basic experiment area, a pin group P (4 in the figure) is arranged on the substrate of the situational experiment area, a pin group S (3 in the figure) is arranged on the substrate of the communication experiment area, the singlechip minimum system template is inserted on the pin group J (the position of the singlechip minimum system template is the basic experiment area, the position of the singlechip minimum system template is shown by a 51 singlechip module in the figure), all pins of the singlechip in the singlechip minimum system template are electrically connected with one pin in the pin group J, all I/O pins of the singlechip minimum system template are electrically connected with one pin in the pin group P through printed circuits on the substrate, and each pin in a singlechip P3 port of the singlechip minimum system template is electrically connected with one pin in the pin group P through the printed circuits on the substrate;

one or more fixed pin groups 5 for fixing a basic template are arranged on a basic experiment area of the substrate, the basic template is one or more of a power supply template, a buzzer template, an independent key template, a led lamp template, a liquid crystal display template and a nixie tube display template, and the basic template inserted on the fixed pin groups is electrically connected with an external expansion interface of a singlechip in a singlechip minimum system template through a DuPont line;

the pin group P is used for being inserted into the situational experiment template and electrically connected with the situational experiment template;

the contact pin group S is used for being inserted into the communication template and electrically connected with the communication template.

Example 2

Based on the embodiment 1, the most commonly used STC89C51 series singlechips with simple entry are selected as the singlechip model in the singlechip minimum system template, and the classics of the model enables a beginner to master the structure, parameters and using method of the singlechip more quickly when performing entry study of the singlechip. The circuit of the substrate is shown in fig. 7, the pin group J is 40 pins (reference numeral 2 in the figure), and the 40 pins of the pin group J are used for electrically connecting with 40 pins of the 51 single-chip microcomputer of the minimum system template of the single-chip microcomputer. The pin group P (reference numeral 4 in the figure) of the scene experiment area is electrically connected with 32I/O pins of the 51 single-chip microcomputer of the minimum system template of the single-chip microcomputer through a printed circuit on a substrate, and the pin group P comprises: the contact pin group P0, the contact pin group P1, the contact pin group P2 and the contact pin group P3 are respectively and electrically connected with a P0 port, a P1 port, a P2 port and a P3 port of the singlechip. The pin group S comprises 12 pins (3 in the figure), 8I/O pins of a P3 port of a minimum system template of the singlechip and P1.5, RST, P1.7 and P1.6 pins of the singlechip are electrically connected with 12 pins of the pin group S in a communication experiment area through printed circuits on a substrate.

As shown in fig. 5, the minimum system template of the singlechip includes: on the minimum system circuit of singlechip, socket J1 and socket J2, the pin of singlechip and socket J1 and socket J2 electric connection in the minimum system circuit of singlechip, socket J1 and socket J2 are used for the cartridge on contact pin group J to make every pin of singlechip and contact pin electric connection in the contact pin group J.

Example 3

On the basis of embodiment 2, the basic templates are mainly oriented to learning of basic knowledge of the single chip microcomputer, corresponding to the primary stage of learning of the single chip microcomputer, each basic template is provided with a socket for fixing a fixed contact pin group, the power supply template comprises a USB power supply interface circuit, the buzzer template comprises a circuit for driving the buzzer to sound, the independent key template comprises an independent key circuit, the led lamp template comprises a light-emitting diode driving light-emitting circuit, the liquid crystal display template comprises a connecting circuit of the liquid crystal module, and the nixie tube display template comprises a nixie tube driving display circuit. The basic template can be an existing related circuit or can be designed by itself, and the basic template is exemplified below.

The circuit of the power supply template is shown in fig. 6, and the power supply template comprises: the +5V POWER supply is connected to the 2 pin of the hexagonal switch sw through the usb1 interface and is output by the 3 pin of the hexagonal switch sw, and is filtered by the 10uF capacitor C6 and then connected to the 560 ohm resistor R7 and the POWER supply LED indicator lamp (POWER LED in FIG. 6) to be used as a POWER supply indication.

The circuit of the buzzer template is shown in fig. 8, the 1 pin of the socket G_BEEP is used for being electrically connected with one I/O port of the singlechip, one I/O port pin of the singlechip is used as a signal output end of the buzzer, and the triode is used as a switch to drive the buzzer BEEP to sound.

The circuit of the independent KEY template is shown in fig. 9, and is a 4-bit independent KEY module circuit, wherein K1-K4 are four independent KEYs, and can be electrically connected with an I/O port of the singlechip through a socket g_key, and corresponding learning related to the KEYs can be developed according to the needs of learners.

The circuit of the led lamp module is shown in fig. 10, the led lamp module including: the LED driving circuit comprises 8 LEDs and 8 resistors with the size of 1K, wherein the negative electrode of each LED is electrically connected with one end of one resistor with the size of 1K, the other end of the resistor is electrically connected with any I/O port of the singlechip, and the positive electrodes of the 8 LEDs are connected with the VCC end of a power supply. If the corresponding pin of the I/O port of the singlechip is low level (output is 0), the LED lamp can be driven to lighten; if the corresponding pin is high (output is 1), the corresponding LED is turned off.

The liquid crystal display module is 1602 liquid crystal display circuit, as shown in FIG. 11, comprising: a 1602 port (G1062 in the figure) and an LCD 1602 module (LCD 1602 in the figure), the 1 st pin of the 1602 port being connected to the 16 th pin of the LCD 1602 module; the 1 st pin of the 1602 port and the 16 th pin of the LCD 1602 module are connected to the GND end at the same time; pin 2 of the 1602 port is connected to pin 15 of the LCD 1602 module; the 2 nd pin of the 1602 port and the 15 th pin of the LCD 1602 module are connected with the VCC end at the same time; pins 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13 of the 1602 port are electrically connected with pins 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5 and 4 of the LCD 1602 module respectively; the 14 th pin of the 1602 port is electrically connected with the 3 rd pin of the LCD 1602 module through a 1K resistor R10; the connection point of the 14 th pin of the 1602 port and the 1K resistor R10 is connected to the GND end; the 15 th pin of the 1602 port is electrically connected with the 2 nd pin of the LCD 1602 module; the 15 th pin of the 1602 port and the 2 nd pin of the LCD 1602 module are electrically connected with the VCC terminal at the same time; the 16 th pin of the 1602 port is electrically connected with the 1 st pin of the LCD 1602 module; the 16 th pin of the 1602 port and the 1 st pin of the LCD 1602 module are electrically connected with the GND terminal at the same time; the g_com1602 in fig. 11 is used to electrically connect the power supply voltage to the VCC terminal of the lcd panel, and the ground terminal to the GND terminal of the lcd panel.

The nixie tube display template adopts an 8-bit common-positive LED nixie tube, and the circuit of the nixie tube display template is shown in figure 12. 8 PNP type triodes are used as the drive of the digital tube position selection end, wherein the base electrodes of the PNP type triodes are respectively connected with corresponding I/O ports of a singlechip through 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 jacks of double-row 16-hole sheath sockets through current limiting resistors, the VCC end is connected to the emitting electrodes of the 8 PNP type triodes, and the collecting electrodes respectively supply power to the 8 digital tubes; meanwhile, the section selection drive of the 8-bit common-positive LED nixie tube is connected with corresponding I/O ports of the singlechip through 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 jacks of a double-row 16-hole sheath socket; the g_comsmg port in fig. 12 is used to bring the supply VCC and ground GND to the present nixie tube display template.

Example 4

On the basis of embodiment 3, the contextualized experiment template includes: one of a traffic light experiment template, an automobile turn light experiment template, a temperature detection experiment template and a stepping motor experiment template. Taking the traffic light experiment template as an example, a circuit of the traffic light experiment template is shown in fig. 13, a top view of the traffic light experiment template is shown in fig. 19, and the traffic light experiment template comprises: the LED traffic light comprises 12 traffic light LEDs, a double-position nixie tube, two PNP triodes, a socket P1, a socket P2 and a socket P3, wherein the 12 traffic light LEDs are four groups of traffic lights, each group of the traffic lights comprises 1 red light, 1 yellow light and 1 green light, each intersection in the intersection is provided with one group of the red light, the yellow light and the green light as traffic indication lights, cathodes of the traffic light LEDs with opposite mouths and same colors in the intersection are electrically connected with the same pins in the socket P1, pins 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 of the socket P1 are respectively electrically connected with cathodes of the traffic light LEDs with opposite mouths and same colors, anodes of the traffic light LEDs are electrically connected with one end of a first current limiting resistor, the other end of the VCC is electrically connected with the end of the VCC, and the socket P1 is used for being inserted on the pin set P1, so that pins 3-8 of the socket P1 are respectively electrically connected with pins P1.0-P1.5 of a singlechip in sequence; the two PNP type triodes are used for driving the bit selection ends of the double-bit nixie tubes, the base electrodes of the two PNP type triodes are respectively and electrically connected with one end of a second current limiting resistor, the other ends of the two second current limiting resistors are electrically connected with the 1 st pin and the 2 nd pin of a socket P2, the socket P2 is used for being inserted on the pin group P2, so that the 1 st pin and the 2 nd pin of the socket P2 are electrically connected with the P2.0-P2.1 pin of the singlechip, and the emitting electrode of the PNP type triode is connected with the VCC end. The A, B, C, D, E, F, G and dp pins of the section selection end of the double-bit nixie tube are respectively and electrically connected with one end of a third current-limiting resistor, the other end of the third current-limiting resistor is electrically connected with a socket P3, and the socket P3 is used for being inserted on the pin group P3 so that pins 1 to 8 of the socket P3 are electrically connected with pins P3.0 to P3.7 of the singlechip. The G_COMT port is used for leading the power supply VCC and the ground GND to the traffic light experiment template.

Besides the socket P1, the socket P2 and the socket P3, the traffic light experiment template can further comprise a socket P0, the socket P1, the socket P2 and the socket P3 are respectively and sequentially electrically connected with the pins of the pin group P1, the pin group P2 and the pin group P3, and the I/O port on the single chip microcomputer minimum system template can be electrically connected with the traffic light experiment template in a matched mode for supplying power without the need of DuPont wire leads. Socket P0 is mechanically coupled to pins of pin set P0. The connection scheme enables the experimental structure to be clear, and a learner can focus more on the study of C51. Meanwhile, specific situational experiments and corresponding IO ports used are noted on the screen printing layer of the traffic light experiment template, so that the experiment purpose is clear. The plug-in mode of the traffic light experimental template is shown in fig. 20.

Example 5

Based on embodiment 4, the communication template is a serial communication download template, an SPI communication template, or an IIC communication template.

At present, the serial communication function is a function commonly used in the application of a singlechip, and the serial communication downloading template mainly comprises two serial ports, namely an RS232 serial interface and an RS485 serial interface in a serial communication design part. An ISP download interface is used in the design of the download interface circuit. The serial communication download template comprises: RS232 serial interface, RS485 serial interface, ISP download interface, contact pin group JP3 (1), contact pin group JP3 (2), socket JP4, socket JP5 and socket JP6 (not shown in the figure), socket JP4, socket JP5 and socket JP6 are used for simultaneously cartridge on contact pin group S and respectively with contact pin electric connection in the contact pin group S, socket JP4 and socket JP5 respectively include 2 pins, socket JP6 includes 4 pins, socket JP4, socket JP5 and socket JP6 cartridge are after contact pin group S, socket JP4 'S1 pin and 2' S pin respectively with the P3.0 of singlechip, P3.1 pin electric connection, socket JP5 'S1 pin and the P3.5 pin electric connection of singlechip, socket JP 6' S4 pins respectively with the P1.5 of singlechip, RST, P1.7, P1.6 pin electric connection.

RS232 serial interface: the RS232 serial interface can carry out routine serial port communication experiments and program downloading and simulation debugging on serial singlechips such as STC89C and the like. As shown in the upper left of FIG. 14, the 11 (TXD_232) and 12 (RXD_232) pins of the MAX232 chip in the RS232 serial interface circuit are electrically connected with the 1 st and 2 nd pins of the pin group JP3 (1) respectively, and when the RS232 serial interface performs serial port communication, the 1 st and 2 nd pins of the pin group JP3 (1) are electrically connected with the 1 st and 2 nd pins of the socket JP4 respectively through jumper caps or connecting wires.

RS485 serial interface: as shown in the lower left of FIG. 14, the serial interface circuit of the SP3485 chip is characterized in that the 1 (RXD_485) pin and the 4 (TXD_485) pin of the SP3485 chip are respectively and sequentially electrically connected with the 1 st pin and the 2 nd pin of the pin group JP3 (2), the 2 nd pin and the 3 rd pin (DE/RE) of the SP3485 chip are electrically connected with the 2 nd pin of the socket JP5, and the 2 nd pin of the socket JP5 is electrically connected with the 1 st pin of the socket JP 5; when the RS485 serial interface carries out serial port communication, the 1 st pin and the 2 nd pin of the pin group JP3 (2) are respectively and sequentially electrically connected with the 1 st pin and the 2 nd pin of the socket JP4 through jumper caps or connecting wires.

ISP download interface: if an STC89C series singlechip is used in the experimental device, the PC can directly download and program through an RS232 serial port interface in a serial communication download template; if serial singlechips such as AT89S51/52 are used, the serial singlechips are generally downloaded through an ISP download interface. Therefore, the ISP download interface adopts a download line, and can conveniently download programs of singlechips such as AT89S51/52 and the like, and the download circuit is shown in the upper right part of FIG. 14. The ISP download interface is composed of double-row 10-hole sheath sockets, wherein MOSI, RST, SCK, MISO pins in the ISP download interface are electrically connected with 4 pins in the socket JP6, so that MOSI, RST, SCK, MISO pins in the ISP download interface are electrically connected with P1.5, RST, P1.7 and P1.6 pins of the singlechip respectively after the socket JP6 is inserted on the pin group S.

The gcom D port in fig. 14 is used to bring the power VCC and ground GND to the present serial communication download template.

The circuitry of the SPI communication template is shown in FIG. 15, belonging to one of the communication template alternatives. The SPI communication template can be directly inserted onto the substrate, and signals are led to the SPI communication template through the substrate by P3.4, P3.5, P3.6 and P3.7 pins of the singlechip; pin 5 of the SPI port leads to pin 1 of chip 24AA040, and pin 4 of the SPI port leads to pin 2 of chip 24AA 040; pin 3 of the SPI port leads to pin 5 of chip 24AA 040; pin 2 of the SPI port leads to pin 6 of chip 24AA 040; the 7 th pin of the chip 24AA040 is connected to the 8 th pin of the chip 24AA040 through a 4.7K resistor R11, and the connection point between the 4.7K resistor R11 and the 8 th pin of the chip 24AA040 is connected to the VCC end; the 6 th pin of the SPI port is connected to the VCC end, and the 1 st pin of the SPI port is connected to GND; the SPI communication template can complete experimental verification only by being well spliced.

IIC communication template: the circuitry of the IIC communication template is shown in fig. 16 as belonging to one of the alternative templates of the communication template. The IIC communication template can be directly inserted onto the substrate, and signals are led to the IIC communication template through the substrate by P3.2 and P3.3 pins of the singlechip; pins 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the chip AT24C02 are connected to GND; the 5 th pin of the chip AT24C02 is connected to the 3 rd pin of the I2C port; the 6 th pin of the chip AT24C02 is connected to the 2 nd pin of the I2C port; the 7 th pin of the chip AT24C02 is connected to GND; the 8 th pin of the chip AT24C02 is connected to VCC; pin 8 of chip AT24C02 is connected to pin 6 of chip AT24C02 via 4.7K resistor R12; pin 8 of chip AT24C02 is connected to pin 5 of chip AT24C02 via 4.7K resistor R13; the 1 st pin of the I2C port is connected to VCC; the 4 th pin of the I2C port is connected to GND; the IIC communication template can be well spliced to complete experimental verification.

The single chip microcomputer experimental device disclosed by the utility model is generally of an independent module assembly design structure and mainly comprises a basic experimental area, a situational experimental area and a communication experimental area. The base template, the situational experiment template and the communication template can be electrically connected mechanically by plugging the base template into pins of the substrate through sockets at the bottom of the base template. The basic template needs to be connected with the DuPont wire by using a 2.54mil pin; the communication templates of the communication experimental area and the situational experimental template of the situational experimental area can be directly plugged onto the substrate through the socket on the communication templates, and the signals are electrically connected with the communication templates of the communication experimental area and the situational experimental template of the situational experimental area through the substrate circuit by the corresponding pins of the singlechip, so that the experimental verification can be completed only by good plugging. Fig. 17 is a PCB diagram of a circuit board of each experimental module inserted.

The size of the overlooking plane of the single chip microcomputer experimental device is 300mm or 200mm, so that the portability of the device is ensured. The use of the single-chip microcomputer experimental device of the utility model is illustrated:

the primary stage is as follows: the fixing mode of each basic template in the basic experiment area is inserted into the contact pin of the fixed contact pin group through the socket at the bottom of the basic template. The base templates are independent of each other, and the power supply and signal connection between the base templates adopts a mode of 2.54mil spacing pins and DuPont wires positioned on the base templates. The basic experiment area is a common link in 51 single chip microcomputer programming entrance study. The learning method is mainly oriented to learning of basic knowledge of the singlechip and learning of C51 language. The manner of use is shown in fig. 18.

Medium-level project stage: the medium-level project stage is mainly oriented to learners who have completed basic experiment area learning. In this stage, some situational experiments need to be set, the traditional experiment board only pays attention to functionality, which is not intuitive enough, simulation software such as Protues can build an intuitive graphical interface, but cannot contact with an actual module, and it is difficult to truly learn a singlechip. Therefore, the single chip microcomputer experimental device designs different situational experiment templates, each situational experiment template is an independent experiment, the intuitiveness of the effect is verified in the PCB design process, a plurality of situational patterns which are shallow and intelligible are drawn on the screen printing layer, and the situational experiment device is convenient for a learner to understand. Each time of experiment is realized by inserting a socket at the bottom of the scene experiment template into a pin group P of a scene experiment area on a substrate, and the socket can be used in cooperation with power supply, and a silk screen layer on the scene experiment template is marked with a specific scene and a corresponding IO port of the experiment, so that the experiment purpose is clear, and the effect is visual. After learning out a scene experimental template, the representative grasps the knowledge of the SCM related to the scene. The situational experiment area is mainly oriented to the learning of the verifiability experiment and corresponds to the medium-level project stage of the singlechip learning.

Advanced stage: the communication experiment area is mainly used for coping with new requirements of the current rapid development of the Internet of things technology relative to the learning of the single chip microcomputer, communication templates such as RS232, RS485, ISP and IIC are designed according to basic teaching requirements and common communication modes, and the communication templates can be used by inserting a plug-in port at the bottom of the communication template into a pin of the pin group S and matching with power supply, so that the communication experiment area has very strong pertinence. The communication experiment area is mainly oriented to learning of the communication knowledge of the single chip microcomputer and corresponds to an advanced stage of learning of the single chip microcomputer.

Taking an I2C communication module as an example. The socket of the IIC communication template is spliced with the contact pin in the contact pin group S on the substrate. The P3.2 and P3.3 pins of the I/O port on the minimum system template of the singlechip can be led to the substrate through the J2 socket on the P3.2 and P3.3 pins, and then are connected with the I2C socket on the IIC communication template through the pins in the pin group S on the substrate, and the I/O port on the minimum system template of the singlechip can be electrically connected with the I2C communication module by matching with power supply, so that DuPont line leads are not needed. The top view of the I2C communication module is shown in fig. 21, and the plugging manner of the communication module is shown in fig. 22.

Advanced project learning stage: each experimental template on the singlechip experimental device can be inserted and detached. If the templates are detached, each template can be independently used, can be randomly lapped with various self-designed structural frames for experiments, can be connected with other single-chip microcomputer experimental devices for use, and is convenient for advanced study and development of scientific research projects. Meanwhile, due to the unique design of the socket contact pins, the socket contact pins are timely mounted on the substrate after the experiment is finished, and the defect that an independent module type singlechip experimental device is easy to lose can be well avoided. And a high-level project type learning stage corresponding to the learning of the singlechip.

The foregoing has described exemplary embodiments of the utility model, it being understood that any simple variations, modifications, or other equivalent arrangements which would not unduly obscure the utility model may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the utility model.

Claims (7)

1. A singlechip experimental apparatus that possesses communication and situational experiment function, its characterized in that includes: the system comprises a substrate and a singlechip minimum system template, wherein a basic experiment area, a situational experiment area and a communication experiment area are divided on the substrate, a pin group J is arranged on the substrate of the basic experiment area, a pin group P is arranged on the substrate of the situational experiment area, a pin group S is arranged on the substrate of the communication experiment area, the singlechip minimum system template is inserted on the pin group J, all pins of a singlechip in the singlechip minimum system template are electrically connected with one pin in the pin group J, all I/O pins of the singlechip minimum system template are electrically connected with one pin in the pin group P through the substrate, and each pin in a singlechip P3 port of the singlechip minimum system template is electrically connected with one pin in the pin group S through the substrate;

one or more fixed pin groups for fixing a basic template are arranged on a basic experiment area of the substrate, the basic template is one or more of a power supply template, a buzzer template, an independent key template, a led lamp template, a liquid crystal display template and a nixie tube display template, and the basic template inserted on the fixed pin groups is electrically connected with a singlechip minimum system template through a DuPont wire;

the pin group P is used for being inserted into the situational experiment template and electrically connected with the situational experiment template;

the pin group S is used for being inserted into the communication template and electrically connected with the communication template.

2. The single-chip microcomputer experimental device according to claim 1, wherein the contextual experiment template comprises: one of a traffic light experiment template, an automobile turn light experiment template, a temperature detection experiment template and a stepping motor experiment template.

3. The single-chip microcomputer experimental device according to claim 2, wherein the traffic light experimental template comprises: the LED traffic light comprises 12 traffic light LEDs, a double-position nixie tube, two PNP triodes, a socket P1, a socket P2 and a socket P3, wherein the 12 traffic light LEDs are four groups of traffic lights, each group of traffic lights comprises 1 red light, 1 yellow light and 1 green light, each intersection in the intersection is provided with one group of traffic lights as traffic indication lights, cathodes of the traffic light LEDs with opposite intersection and same color are electrically connected with the same pin in the socket P1, anodes of the traffic light LEDs are electrically connected with one end of a first current limiting resistor, and the other end of the first current limiting resistor is electrically connected with a VCC end; the two PNP type triodes are used for driving the bit selection ends of the double-bit nixie tube, the base electrodes of the two PNP type triodes are respectively and electrically connected with one end of a second current limiting resistor, the other ends of the two second current limiting resistors are electrically connected with the socket P2, the emitter electrode of the PNP type triode is connected with the VCC end, the A, B, C, D, E, F, G and dp pins of the segment selection ends of the double-bit nixie tube are respectively and electrically connected with one end of a third current limiting resistor, and the other end of the third current limiting resistor is electrically connected with the socket P3.

4. The single chip microcomputer experimental device according to claim 3, wherein the pin group P comprises: the pin group P0, the pin group P1 and the pin group P2, the socket P1 is used for being inserted on the pin group P1, the socket P2 is used for being inserted on the pin group P2, and the socket P3 is used for being inserted on the pin group P3.

5. The single chip microcomputer experimental device according to claim 1, wherein the communication template is a serial communication download template, an SPI communication template or an IIC communication template.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the serial communication download template comprises: RS232 serial interface, RS485 serial interface, ISP download interface, contact pin group JP3 (1), contact pin group JP3 (2), socket JP4, socket JP5 and socket JP6 are used for simultaneously cartridge on contact pin group S and respectively with contact pin electric connection in the contact pin group S different, socket JP4 and socket JP5 respectively include 2 pins, socket JP6 includes 4 pins, socket JP4, socket JP5 and socket JP6 cartridge are on contact pin group S after, socket JP4 'S1 st pin and socket JP6 pin respectively with the P3.0 of singlechip, P3.1 pin electric connection of socket JP5, socket JP 5' S1 st pin and the P3.5 pin electric connection of singlechip, 4 pins of socket JP6 respectively with the P1.5 of singlechip, P1.7, P1.6 pin electric connection of MAX232 chip 11 and 12 pins respectively with contact pin group JP3 (1) pin and socket JP 1 st pin electric connection of socket 1, socket 1 in proper order, socket 1 and socket 1 of SP 2, socket 1 'S5 pin electric connection of socket 1 chip, socket 1 and socket 1, socket 1' S2 pin electric connection of socket 1 st pin electric connection of socket 1, socket 1 st pin 85.

7. The single-chip microcomputer experimental device according to claim 1, wherein the power supply module comprises a USB power supply interface circuit, the buzzer module comprises a circuit for driving the buzzer to sound, the independent key module comprises an independent key circuit, the led lamp module comprises a light-emitting diode light-emitting circuit, and the liquid crystal display module comprises: and the connecting circuit of the liquid crystal module, and the nixie tube display template comprises a driving nixie tube display circuit.