CN220119601U - Absorption refrigerator - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses an absorption refrigerator, wherein gaseous refrigerant separated by a gas-liquid separator provides steam for diluting solution for a first absorber, the separated liquid refrigerant can exchange heat with the solution in a second absorber through a heat exchange component, the solution flowing through the second absorber is cooled, the internal temperature of the second absorber is reduced, the internal pressure of the second absorber is correspondingly reduced, and the internal cavity pressure of an evaporator communicated with the second absorber is correspondingly reduced. The air pressure in the evaporator is positively correlated with the temperature of the cold water outlet, so that the air pressure in the evaporator is reduced, the temperature of the cold water outlet can be reduced, the preparation of cold water with lower temperature, especially the preparation of cold water between minus five ℃ and zero degree can be realized, the solution can be effectively placed to prevent crystallization, and the safe operation of a unit is ensured.

Description

Absorption refrigerator

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of heat exchange, in particular to an absorption refrigerator.

Background

Absorption refrigeration is the process of utilizing a substance pair with specific properties to produce a change in state of a substance by absorption and release of another substance, thereby accompanying endothermic and exothermic processes.

Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a current absorption chiller.

The absorption refrigerator comprises a generator 4', a condenser 3', an absorber 2', an evaporator 1' and other main components, the working medium with special properties commonly used at present is mainly lithium bromide solution, the cooling water outlet temperature of the lithium bromide unit is related to the cooling water inlet temperature and the outlet solution concentration of the absorber, and if the lower cooling water outlet temperature is required to be obtained, the absorption capacity of the absorber needs to be improved, namely, the concentration of the outlet solution of the absorber is improved, or the cooling water inlet temperature is reduced. However, increasing the absorber outlet solution concentration tends to cause crystallization of the solution, affecting the normal operation of the absorption chiller. The cooling water inlet temperature is basically limited by the actual working condition of a customer, and is usually about 30-32 ℃, at the temperature, even if the risk of freezing the refrigerant is avoided by the way of pollution of the refrigerant of the evaporator, the evaporator of the absorption refrigerator in the conventional process is difficult to reach the dew point temperature below 0 ℃, and cold water below 0 ℃ cannot be prepared.

Therefore, how to prepare cooling water with lower temperature under the same solution concentration is a technical problem facing the person skilled in the art.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model provides an absorption refrigerator capable of preparing cold water with temperature lower than zero.

The utility model provides an absorption refrigerator, which comprises a generator, a condenser, a first absorber, a second absorber, a gas-liquid separator and an evaporator, wherein the generator, the first absorber and the second absorber form a main solution circulation loop, and the second absorber is communicated with a steam outlet of the evaporator;

the gas-liquid separator is used for flashing part of the refrigerant from the condenser into gaseous refrigerant and liquid refrigerant, and a steam outlet of the gas-liquid separator is communicated with a steam inlet of the first absorber;

the liquid refrigerant heat exchanger also comprises a heat exchange component which is used for exchanging heat between the liquid refrigerant and the solution in the second absorber.

According to the utility model, the refrigerant is flashed out of the liquid refrigerant and the gaseous refrigerant through the gas-liquid separator, the gaseous refrigerant enters the first absorber and is absorbed by the solution in the first absorber, the liquid refrigerant can exchange heat with the solution in the second absorber through the heat exchange component, the solution flowing through the second absorber is cooled, the solution in the second absorber is cooled, the internal temperature of the second absorber is reduced, the internal pressure of the second absorber is correspondingly reduced, and the internal cavity pressure of the evaporator communicated with the second absorber is correspondingly reduced. The air pressure in the evaporator is positively correlated with the temperature of the cold water outlet, so that the air pressure in the evaporator is reduced, the temperature of the cold water outlet can be reduced, the preparation of cold water with lower temperature, especially the preparation of cold water in the interval from minus five ℃ to zero degree can be realized, the crystallization of solution can be effectively prevented, and the safe operation of a unit is ensured.

Optionally, the gas-liquid separator includes a liquid refrigerant outlet and a refrigerant inlet, the heat exchange component includes a heat exchange tube, disposed inside the second absorber, one end of the heat exchange tube is connected to the liquid refrigerant outlet of the gas-liquid separator, and the other end is connected to the refrigerant inlet.

Optionally, the system further comprises a make-up solution pipeline and a first flow valve, wherein the make-up solution pipeline is used for guiding part of the solution in the main solution circulation loop to the evaporator; the first flow valve is arranged on the solution supplementing pipeline and used for controlling the disconnection or the connection of the solution supplementing pipeline.

Optionally, the make-up solution line is connected between the solution outlet of the first absorber and the evaporator.

Optionally, the make-up solution line is connected between the solution outlet of the second absorber and the evaporator.

Optionally, a circulating pump is arranged on the heat exchange tube;

alternatively or in combination, the evaporator comprises an evaporation cavity, a first refrigerant outlet and a first refrigerant inlet, and the first refrigerant outlet and the first refrigerant inlet are connected with the evaporation cavity through an external pipeline to form a first refrigerant circulation loop.

Optionally, the liquid refrigerant chamber of the gas-liquid separator is communicated with the evaporation cavity of the evaporator through overflow or a pipeline, so that the liquid refrigerant of the gas-liquid separator flows into the evaporator.

Optionally, the evaporator further comprises a dilution pipeline and a second flow valve, wherein the dilution pipeline is used for guiding part of the solution in the evaporator to the second absorber, and the second flow valve is arranged in the dilution pipeline and used for controlling disconnection or connection of the dilution pipeline.

Optionally, the evaporator further comprises a monitoring component for monitoring the concentration of the solution in the evaporator, and the first flow valve and the second flow valve can be selectively opened or closed according to the concentration monitored by the monitoring component.

Optionally, the generator, the second absorber and the first absorber are connected in series to form the main solution circulation loop;

alternatively/and, the first absorber and the condenser are connected in series or parallel or series-parallel to a cooling water circuit.

Optionally, the monitoring component comprises one of a conductivity meter, a float, or a densitometer.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a current absorption chiller;

fig. 2 is a block diagram of a first absorption refrigerator according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

fig. 3 is a block diagram of a second absorption refrigerator according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

fig. 4 is a block diagram of a third absorption refrigerator according to an embodiment of the present utility model.

Wherein, the one-to-one correspondence between each reference numeral and the component in fig. 1 to 4 is as follows:

1' an evaporator; a 2' absorber; a 3' condenser; a 4' generator;

1 an evaporator; 2 a second absorber; 3 a gas-liquid separator; 4 a first absorber; 5 a condenser; 6 a generator; 7, monitoring a component; 8 a first flow valve; 9 a second flow valve; 10 high temperature heat exchanger; 11 a cryogenic heat exchanger; a first pump 12; 13 a second pump; a third pump 14; 15 a fourth pump; 16 circulation pumps.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical solution of the present utility model better understood by those skilled in the art, the present utility model will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Referring to fig. 2 to 4, fig. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a first absorption chiller according to an embodiment of the present utility model; fig. 3 is a block diagram of a second absorption refrigerator according to an embodiment of the present utility model; fig. 4 is a block diagram of a third absorption refrigerator according to an embodiment of the present utility model.

The absorption refrigerator provided by the embodiment of the utility model comprises a generator 6, a condenser 5, a first absorber 4, a second absorber 2, a gas-liquid separator 3 and an evaporator 1.

The generator 6, the first absorber 4 and the second absorber 2 form a main solution circulation loop, the solution can be lithium bromide, the generator 6, the first absorber 4 and the second absorber 2 can form the main solution circulation loop in a serial connection, a serial-parallel connection or a parallel connection mode, and the embodiment of the utility model shows that the three components are connected in series to form the main solution circulation loop.

In the embodiment of the utility model, the second absorber 2 is communicated with the steam outlet of the evaporator 1, and the evaporator 1 can provide steam for the second absorber 2; the internal pressure of the second absorber 2 substantially coincides with the internal pressure of the evaporator 1.

In the embodiment of the utility model, the gas-liquid separator 3 is used for flashing part of the refrigerant from the condenser 5 into gaseous refrigerant and liquid refrigerant, and the temperature of the liquid refrigerant is low after the refrigerant is separated by the gas-liquid separator 3. The vapor outlet of the gas-liquid separator 3 is communicated with the vapor inlet of the first absorber 4, and the gaseous refrigerant in the gas-liquid separator 3 can enter the interior of the first absorber 4 and can be absorbed by the solution flowing through the interior of the first absorber 4, and the solution is diluted to emit heat.

In the embodiment of the present utility model, the absorption refrigerator further includes a heat exchange component for exchanging heat between the liquid refrigerant and the solution inside the second absorber 2, that is, the liquid refrigerant separated by the gas-liquid separator 3 in the present utility model can exchange heat with the solution inside the second absorber 2 through the heat exchange component, cool the solution flowing through the second absorber 2, the solution in the second absorber 2 is cooled, the internal temperature of the second absorber 2 is reduced, and accordingly, the internal pressure of the second absorber 2 is reduced, and the internal cavity pressure of the evaporator 1 communicating with the second absorber 2 is also reduced. The air pressure in the evaporator 1 is positively correlated with the temperature of the cold water outlet, the air pressure in the evaporator 1 is reduced so that the temperature of the cold water outlet can be reduced, thus the preparation of cold water with lower temperature, especially the preparation of cold water in the interval from minus five ℃ to zero degree can be realized, the crystallization of solution can be effectively prevented, and the safe operation of a unit is ensured.

In the embodiment of the utility model, the gas-liquid separator 3 comprises a liquid refrigerant outlet and a refrigerant inlet, the heat exchange component comprises a heat exchange tube, the heat exchange tube is arranged in the second absorber 2, one end of the heat exchange tube is connected with the liquid refrigerant outlet of the gas-liquid separator 3, and the other end of the heat exchange tube is connected with the refrigerant inlet.

In this embodiment, the liquid refrigerant in the gas-liquid separator 3 exchanges heat with the solution in the second absorber 2 during the process of flowing through the heat exchange tube, and the liquid refrigerant after heat exchange enters the gas-liquid separator 3 again for flash separation. That is, the gas-liquid separator 3 is self-circulated by the heat exchange tube, and has a simple structure.

In the embodiment of the utility model, the absorption refrigerator further comprises a solution supplementing pipeline and a first flow valve 8, wherein the solution supplementing pipeline is used for guiding part of solution in the main solution circulation loop to the evaporator 1; the first flow valve 8 is disposed in the replenishing solution pipeline and is used for controlling disconnection or connection of the replenishing solution pipeline.

In this embodiment, a part of the solution is introduced into the interior of the evaporator 1, so that the liquid in the interior of the evaporator 1 is a refrigerant mixed with the lithium bromide solution, and cold water of a lower temperature can be produced.

In the embodiment of the utility model, the evaporator 1 may include an evaporation cavity, a first refrigerant outlet and a first refrigerant inlet, and the first refrigerant outlet and the first refrigerant inlet are connected with the evaporation cavity through external pipelines to form a first refrigerant circulation loop. Namely, the refrigerant in the evaporator 1 is self-circulated and the refrigerant is circulated and utilized. A fourth pump 15 may be provided on the evaporator self-circulation line for providing medium flow motive force.

In order to ensure the operation reliability of the system, the concentration inside the evaporator 1 is required to be monitored, i.e. a monitoring component 7 can be further arranged for monitoring the concentration of the solution inside the evaporator 1, when the concentration is low, the solution inside the evaporator 1 needs to be replenished, and when the concentration inside the evaporator 1 is high, the solution inside the evaporator 1 needs to be diluted. Correspondingly, a make-up solution line for diverting part of the solution in the main solution circulation loop to the evaporator 1 and a first flow valve 8 are also included. The first flow valve 8 is disposed in the replenishing solution pipeline and is used for controlling disconnection or connection of the replenishing solution pipeline.

Furthermore, the absorption refrigerator further comprises a dilution pipeline and a second flow valve 9, the dilution pipeline is used for guiding part of the solution in the evaporator 1 to the second absorber 2, and the second flow valve 9 is arranged in the dilution pipeline and used for controlling the disconnection or the connection of the dilution pipeline.

The above-mentioned replenishing solution line may be connected between the solution outlet of the first absorber 4 and the evaporator 1, see fig. 2.

Of course, the make-up solution line may also be connected between the solution outlet of the second absorber 2 and the evaporator 1, see fig. 3 and 4.

In the above embodiment, the first flow valve 8 and the second flow valve 9 may be selectively opened or closed according to the concentration monitored by the monitoring means 7. This allows an automatic control of the first and second flow valves 8, 9. The monitoring component 7 may be a conductivity meter, and the specific connection mode of the monitoring component as the conductivity meter is shown in fig. 2 to 4, so that the measurement accuracy is relatively high.

Of course, the monitoring component 7 may be other components capable of monitoring the concentration, such as a floating ball, a densimeter, etc., for example, the floating ball may be connected to a pipe or a cylinder of the evaporator at one point, and the installation is simple.

In the above embodiment, the first absorber 4 and the condenser 5 may be connected in series or parallel or series-parallel to the cooling water circuit.

In the above embodiments, the heat exchange tube is provided with the circulation pump 16, and the circulation pump 16 provides the power for the circulation flow of the refrigerant.

Three specific examples are given below, as follows:

example 1

Referring to fig. 2, in this embodiment, the solution outlet of the generator 6 is connected to the solution inlet of the second absorber 2, the concentrated solution of the generator 6 flows into the second absorber 2 first, the concentrated solution is diluted by the steam from the evaporator 1 in the second absorber 2 and cooled by the refrigerant in the heat exchange tube, the cooled solution flows into the first absorber 4, the diluted steam from the gas-liquid separator 3 is absorbed in the first absorber 4 to release heat, thereby heating the cooling water flowing through the first absorber 4, and the diluted solution finally returns to the generator 6.

Pumping means may be provided on the main solution circulation loop formed by the generator 6, the first absorber 4 and the second absorber 2 for providing solution circulation power, as shown in fig. 2 by the first pump 12, the second pump 13 and the third pump 14.

Of course, in order to avoid heat loss of the unit and improve the working efficiency of the unit, the absorption refrigerator may further include a low-temperature heat exchanger 11 and a high-temperature heat exchanger 10, wherein the high-temperature heat exchanger 10 realizes heat exchange between the dilute solution returned from the first absorber 4 to the generator 6 and the concentrated solution flowing out of the generator 64; the cryogenic heat exchanger 11 effects heat exchange from both the inflow into the second absorber 2 and the outflow out of the second absorber 2.

Wherein when the first flow valve 8 is opened, part of the dilute solution in the first absorber 4 can flow into the evaporator 1 along the replenishing solution pipeline after passing through the solution pump 12. Also, the dilute solution in the first absorber 4 may be returned to the generator 6 under the pumping action of the solution pump 12.

Example 2

Referring to fig. 3, unlike example 1, the following is adopted: in the embodiment 2, the solution outlet of the generator 6 is communicated with the solution inlet of the first absorber 4, the concentrated solution of the generator 6 flows into the first absorber 4 firstly, the concentrated solution is diluted by the steam from the gas-liquid separator 3 in the first absorber 4 and exchanges heat with cooling water, the cooled solution flows into the second absorber 2, the steam absorbed by the evaporator 1 in the second absorber 2 is diluted and cooled by the refrigerant in the heat exchange tube, and the solution flows out of the second absorber 2 and returns to the generator 6.

The high temperature heat exchanger 10 realizes heat exchange between the lean solution returned from the low temperature heat exchanger 11 to the generator 6 and the rich solution flowing out of the generator 6; the cryogenic heat exchanger 11 effects heat exchange from both the inflow into the second absorber 2 and the outflow out of the second absorber 2.

In addition, a make-up solution line of the evaporator 1 may be connected between the solution outlet of the second absorber 2 and the evaporator 1. When the first flow valve 8 is opened, part of the weak solution in the second absorber 2 can flow into the evaporator 1 along the make-up line after passing through the solution pump 12.

Other structures of embodiment 2 are substantially the same as those of embodiment 1.

Example 3

Referring to fig. 4, the piping connection in embodiment 3 is substantially the same as that in embodiment 2, except that in embodiment 2, the first absorber 4, the evaporator 1, the gas-liquid separator 3 and the second absorber 2 are located at the same height, while in embodiment 3, the gas-liquid separator 3 and the first absorber 4 are located at a first position, the second absorber 2 and the evaporator 1 are located at a second position, the first position is higher than the second position, so that the refrigerant in the gas-liquid separator 3 can flow to the evaporator 1 under the action of gravity, and in the same way, the solution inside the first absorber 4 can flow to the second absorber 2 under the action of gravity, without providing a power component, or only providing a power component with relatively small power.

For other structures of the absorption chiller, please refer to the current technology, and the description thereof will not be repeated herein.

The absorption refrigerator provided by the utility model is described in detail above. The principles and embodiments of the present utility model have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the description of which is intended only to facilitate an understanding of the method of the present utility model and its core ideas. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations of the utility model can be made without departing from the principles of the utility model and these modifications and adaptations are intended to be within the scope of the utility model as defined in the following claims.

Claims (10)

1. An absorption refrigerator is characterized by comprising a generator, a condenser, a first absorber, a second absorber, a gas-liquid separator and an evaporator, wherein the generator, the first absorber and the second absorber form a main solution circulation loop, and the second absorber is communicated with a steam outlet of the evaporator;

the gas-liquid separator is used for flashing part of the refrigerant from the condenser into gaseous refrigerant and liquid refrigerant, and a steam outlet of the gas-liquid separator is communicated with a steam inlet of the first absorber;

the liquid refrigerant heat exchanger also comprises a heat exchange component which is used for exchanging heat between the liquid refrigerant and the solution in the second absorber.

2. The absorption chiller according to claim 1 wherein said gas-liquid separator includes a liquid refrigerant outlet and a refrigerant inlet, said heat exchange means comprising a heat exchange tube disposed within said second absorber, one end of said heat exchange tube being in communication with said liquid refrigerant outlet of said gas-liquid separator and the other end being in communication with said refrigerant inlet.

3. The absorption chiller according to claim 2 further comprising a make-up solution line and a first flow valve, said make-up solution line for diverting a portion of the solution in said main solution circulation loop to said evaporator; the first flow valve is arranged on the solution supplementing pipeline and used for controlling the disconnection or the connection of the solution supplementing pipeline.

4. An absorption chiller according to claim 3 wherein said make-up solution line is connected between the solution outlet of said first absorber and said evaporator.

5. An absorption chiller according to claim 3 wherein said make-up solution line is connected between the solution outlet of said second absorber and said evaporator.

6. The absorption chiller according to claim 3 wherein a circulation pump is provided on said heat exchange tube;

or/and the evaporator comprises an evaporation cavity, a first refrigerant outlet and a first refrigerant inlet, wherein the first refrigerant outlet and the first refrigerant inlet are connected through an external pipeline so as to form a first refrigerant circulation loop with the evaporation cavity;

or/and, the generator, the second absorber and the first absorber are connected in series to form the main solution circulation loop;

alternatively/and, the first absorber and the condenser are connected in series or parallel or series-parallel to an external cooling water circuit.

7. The absorption chiller according to claim 3 wherein the liquid refrigerant chamber of said vapor-liquid separator communicates with the evaporation chamber of said evaporator by an overflow or piping so that the liquid refrigerant of said vapor-liquid separator flows into said evaporator.

8. The absorption chiller according to any one of claims 3 to 7 further comprising a dilution line for diverting a portion of the solution in the evaporator to the second absorber and a second flow valve disposed in the dilution line for controlling the disconnection or connection of the dilution line.

9. The absorption chiller according to claim 8 further comprising a monitoring means for monitoring the concentration of solution within said evaporator, said first flow valve and said second flow valve being selectively openable and closable based on the concentration monitored by said monitoring means.

10. The absorption chiller according to claim 9 wherein said monitoring component comprises one of a conductivity meter, a float, or a densitometer.