CN220101307U - Rock burst data acquisition device and early warning system based on stock - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a rock burst data acquisition device and an early warning system based on an anchor rod, wherein the data acquisition device comprises a fiber bragg grating sensing submodule, and the fiber bragg grating sensing submodule comprises a fiber bragg grating strain sensor and a fiber bragg grating temperature sensor; the sleeve barrel of the anchor section in the anchor rod is internally provided with a first installation part and a second installation part which are axially arranged, the first installation part is used for arranging the fiber bragg grating strain sensor, and the second installation part is used for arranging the fiber bragg grating temperature sensor. The utility model cooperates with various sensing devices to collect signals, fully plays the advantages of various monitoring technologies, and realizes the real-time monitoring of the states of the anchor rod and surrounding rock; the data processing module adopts BP neural network algorithm to process and analyze data, thereby realizing early warning of rock burst disasters and providing guarantee for safe and efficient construction.

Description

Rock burst data acquisition device and early warning system based on stock

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a rock burst data acquisition device and an early warning system based on an anchor rod, and belongs to the field of disaster prevention and reduction of underground engineering.

Background

The rock burst is a strong stress differentiation effect of surrounding hard and brittle surrounding rock caused by excavation unloading in the excavation construction process of an underground engineering chamber under the condition of high ground stress, elastic strain energy stored in the surrounding rock is suddenly released, and destruction phenomena such as burst loosening, peeling, ejection and even throwing are generated, so that the rock burst is a dynamic unsteady geological disaster.

The rock burst disaster has suddenly and continuously in time, no obvious sign exists before the rock burst disaster occurs, and the rock burst disaster can suddenly occur at any time; the space randomness is available, and the space randomness can occur in any area of the underground chamber, and the space randomness is often around a newly excavated working face, and the number of arch parts and arch waist parts is increased; the rock explosion is only broken and peeled off, no ejection phenomenon exists, and the serious rock explosion can cause instantaneous explosion and ejection of rock, surrounding rock collapse, and huge sound and air wave impact are generated, and even earthquake is induced.

Rock burst is a typical rock dynamic geological disaster phenomenon, and frequently occurs in various rock mass projects such as water conservancy and hydropower, traffic tunnels, metal nonmetallic mines, nuclear waste underground disposal and the like, so that the safety of constructors and equipment is directly threatened, the project progress is influenced, and the project investment is increased. Therefore, the method has important significance in preventing and controlling rock burst disasters and improving the safety and stability of rock mass engineering, and real-time monitoring of surrounding rock state data and timely early warning before the occurrence of the disasters are important means for preventing and controlling the rock burst. Along with the continuous deep research and development of energy-absorbing anchor rods, a novel anchor rod stress and deformation integrated monitoring device provided by CN208106468U exists at present, a sensor is combined with an anchor rod structure, an electrical measurement means is adopted, data acquisition and monitoring of anchor rods or surrounding rock states are realized to a certain extent, but problems and defects exist, and the energy-absorbing anchor rod mainly comprises: (1) the data acquisition means is single. The device generally adopts a single sensing technology, only can measure a certain item of data of the anchor rod or surrounding rock, is incomplete in data type and insufficient in data quantity, and is difficult to comprehensively and effectively evaluate the rock burst risk. (2) the acquired data is not accurate enough. Under deep geological conditions, high ground temperature characteristics are obvious, the influence of temperature on a measuring device is large, the influence of factors such as temperature and the like is often ignored by the existing data acquisition device, and the stress strain of surrounding rock and anchor rods is directly measured, so that the error is large. And (3) the data transmission and processing processes are redundant. The data transmission of the existing device usually adopts wired transmission, the arrangement of a power supply line and a data transmission line is complex, the operation cost is high, and the failure rate is high. (4) data monitoring schemes lack flexibility. The existing device has more lines, is difficult to detach and adjust after installation, and cannot adjust a data acquisition scheme in real time according to measured data and a rock burst risk assessment result, so that resource waste is caused.

Therefore, a scientific and accurate rock burst data acquisition device is required to be developed according to the objective requirements of the current rock burst monitoring and early warning, the advantages of various monitoring and sensing technologies are brought into play in a concentrated manner, a machine learning algorithm is fully utilized, a monitoring and early warning mode is perfected, and meanwhile the requirements of scientificity, timeliness, accuracy and universality are met.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model provides a rock burst data acquisition device based on an anchor rod, which acquires signals through the synergistic effect of a plurality of sensing devices; the rock burst monitoring and early warning system is further provided, and data processing and analysis are carried out by using a BP neural network algorithm in machine learning, so that the monitoring and early warning of rock burst disasters are further realized.

The technical scheme of the utility model is as follows: the rock burst data acquisition device based on the anchor rod comprises a fiber bragg grating sensing submodule, wherein the fiber bragg grating sensing submodule comprises a fiber bragg grating strain sensor and a fiber bragg grating temperature sensor; a first installation part and a second installation part which are axially arranged are arranged in the sleeve 14 of the anchor section in the anchor rod, the first installation part is used for arranging the fiber bragg grating strain sensor, and the second installation part is used for arranging the fiber bragg grating temperature sensor.

The first installation part is provided with 2 axial grooves I which are 180 degrees mutually; the second installation part is provided with 2 axial grooves II which are 180 degrees mutually; any axial groove I and any axial groove II are positioned at 90 degrees.

The system also comprises a microseismic monitoring submodule, wherein the microseismic monitoring submodule adopts a vibration sensor 3; the vibration sensor 3 is pre-buried in surrounding rock of the face.

The rock burst monitoring and early warning system comprises the data acquisition device according to any one of the above, a data processing module and an early warning module; the data acquisition module is connected with the data processing module, and the data processing module processes the data according to the deep learning algorithm to obtain early warning information; the early warning module is used for sending out warning according to the received early warning information.

The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows: the utility model cooperates with various sensing devices to collect signals, fully plays the advantages of various monitoring technologies, and realizes the real-time monitoring of the states of the anchor rod and surrounding rock; the data processing module adopts BP neural network algorithm to process and analyze data, thereby realizing early warning of rock burst disasters and providing guarantee for safe and efficient construction; the comprehensive use of the 5G wireless transmission technology ensures that complicated power supply lines and data transmission lines are not required to be arranged, thereby greatly reducing the operation cost and the probability of failure of the system monitoring due to line failure, and remarkably improving the early warning accuracy and early warning efficiency.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a rock burst monitoring, judging and early warning system provided by the utility model;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the rock burst monitoring, judging and early warning system provided by the utility model;

FIG. 3 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a modular energy absorbing anchor provided by the present utility model;

FIG. 4 is a schematic longitudinal section of a rod bit according to the present utility model;

FIG. 5 is a schematic longitudinal cross-section of a sleeve provided by the present utility model;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the installation position of the fiber grating strain sensor provided by the utility model;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the installation position of the fiber grating temperature sensor provided by the utility model;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the internal components of a detachable signal demodulation transmitter provided by the utility model;

fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the algorithm structure of the BP neural network provided by the present utility model;

the reference numerals in the figures illustrate: the device comprises a 1-anchor rod, a 2-fiber grating sensing submodule, a 3-vibration sensor, a 4-detachable signal demodulation transmitter, a 5-central computer, a 6-audible and visual alarm device, a 7-electronic equipment terminal, an 8-rod body, a 9-fixing nut, a 10-friction damper, an 11-energy absorption buffer, a 12-pressure-releasing plate, a 13-tray, a 14-sleeve, a 15-limiter, a 16-cone head, a 17-fiber grating strain sensor, a 18-fiber grating temperature sensor, a 19-first installation part and a 20-second installation part.

Detailed Description

Example 1: 1-9, the rock burst data acquisition device based on the anchor rod comprises a fiber bragg grating sensing sub-module 2, wherein the fiber bragg grating sensing sub-module 2 comprises a fiber bragg grating strain sensor 17 and a fiber bragg grating temperature sensor 18; a first mounting part 19 and a second mounting part 20 which are axially arranged are arranged in the sleeve 14 of the anchor section in the anchor rod, the first mounting part is used for arranging the fiber bragg grating strain sensor 17, and the second mounting part is used for arranging the fiber bragg grating temperature sensor 18.

Further, the first mounting portion 19 is provided with 2 axial grooves i which are 180 ° with each other; the second installation part 20 is provided with 2 axial grooves II which are 180 degrees mutually; any axial groove I and any axial groove II are positioned at 90 degrees. Taking the currently developed combined energy-absorbing anchor rod as an example, 2 axial grooves I which are 180 degrees mutually are formed along the inner walls of a first barrel section and a second barrel section of the sleeve 14, and fiber grating strain sensors are arranged in the axial grooves I; 2 axial grooves II which are 180 degrees apart from each other are formed along the inner wall of the first barrel section, and a fiber grating temperature sensor is arranged in each axial groove II; any axial groove I and any axial groove II are positioned at 90 degrees; fiber connection lines are distributed on the end parts of the fiber grating strain sensor and the fiber grating temperature sensor along the axial grooves, and epoxy resin is filled in the grooves for fixation and protection; the optical fiber connecting wire is reserved for a certain length outside the sleeve mouth, and a moistureproof and anticorrosion optical fiber connector is arranged at the tail end of the optical fiber connecting wire and is used for connecting a detachable signal demodulation transmitter. It should be noted that, the fiber bragg grating temperature sensor is only installed on the first barrel section to obtain the wavelength change caused by temperature; the fiber bragg grating strain sensor is arranged on the first barrel section and the second barrel section and is used for acquiring wavelength changes caused by temperature and deformation together, and the wavelength changes caused by deformation alone can be obtained after correction, so that sleeve strain measurement is realized.

As shown in fig. 3-7, the combined energy-absorbing anchor rod comprises a rod body 8, the rod body 8 is divided into an inner anchor section and an outer anchor section, the end part of the inner anchor section is a conical head 16, the inner anchor section of the rod body 8 can move in a limiting manner in a sleeve 14 through a limiter 15 sleeved on the inner anchor section, and a tray 13, a pressure plate 12, an energy-absorbing buffer 11 and a friction damper 10 are sequentially arranged on the outer anchor section of the rod body 8 and are fixedly matched with the rod body 8 through a fixing nut 9. The sleeve 14 comprises a first barrel section, a second barrel section and a third barrel section, wherein the inner diameters of the first barrel section, the second barrel section and the third barrel section are sequentially increased along the axial direction; wherein, first barrel section is close to tray 13 side, and first barrel section internal diameter is less than second barrel section internal diameter, and second barrel section internal diameter is less than third barrel section internal diameter. The rod body 8 is hollow and serves as a grouting channel, and the outer diameter of the conical head 16 at the end part of the inner anchor section towards one end of the tray 13 is smaller than the outer diameter of the end away from the tray 13; the outer diameter of the end of the conical head 16 facing the tray 13 is larger than the inner diameter of the limiter 15, and the outer diameter of the end of the conical head 16 facing away from the tray 13 is larger than the inner diameter of the second barrel section of the sleeve 14. The limiter 15 is a circular ring and can move along the rod body 8; the outer diameter of the limiter 15 is smaller than the inner diameter of the second barrel section of the sleeve 14 and larger than the inner diameter of the first barrel section of the sleeve 14. In addition, in the utility model, the sleeve 14 is made into a non-stepped sleeve with a linear groove on the inner wall in consideration of the installation of the fiber bragg grating sensing sub-module.

Further, the device also comprises a micro-vibration monitoring sub-module, wherein the micro-vibration monitoring sub-module adopts a vibration sensor 3; the vibration sensor 3 is pre-buried in surrounding rock of the face, and the vibration sensor 3 is connected with the signal demodulation transmitter 4 through a transmission line and a connector. If the transmission line is paved outwards along surrounding rock, reserving a certain length, and installing a high-performance joint at the tail end; when the microseism occurs, the vibration sensor generates an electric signal, and the electric signal is transmitted to the detachable signal demodulation transmitter 4 through a transmission line; after demodulating the signal, the signal is transmitted to a data processing module through 5G wireless.

As shown in fig. 8, the detachable signal demodulation transmitter 4 is an electronic integrated device integrating signal transmission, signal demodulation and 5G wireless transmission functions; the device shell is a high polymer composite's drum, and the side is equipped with the transmission line interface, and the section of thick bamboo top is equipped with the connecting pipe, and the intraductal wall is equipped with the helicitic texture with the outer anchor section assorted of stock body of rod 8, and accessible helicitic texture links to each other detachable signal demodulation transmitter 4 and body of rod 8, easily dismantles. The device is internally provided with a power supply, 1 electric signal demodulation channel and 1 optical signal demodulation channel, and is respectively used for signal transmission and demodulation of the fiber grating sensor sub-module and the microseism sensor. The electric signal demodulation channel comprises a transmission line, a signal amplifying device, an A/D conversion device, a filtering device, a 5G wireless transmission device and the like; the optical signal demodulation channel comprises an optical fiber connecting wire, an interferometer, a dense wavelength division multiplexer, a photoelectric detection array, an ADC (analog to digital converter), a 5G wireless transmission device and the like. The sensor is connected with the signal demodulation transmitter to form a complete loop, and the demodulated signal is transmitted to the data processing module through the wireless network.

As shown in fig. 2, the rock burst monitoring and early warning system comprises the data acquisition device as described in any one of the above, and further comprises a data processing module and an early warning module; the data acquisition module is connected with the data processing module, and the data processing module processes the data according to the deep learning algorithm to obtain early warning information; the early warning module is used for sending out warning according to the received early warning information.

The system further comprises an advanced geological forecast sub-module and a data storage module, wherein the advanced geological forecast sub-module comprises contents such as poor geological forecast, disaster geological forecast, hydrogeological forecast, forecast of faults and broken zones thereof, forecast of surrounding rock types and stability thereof, and the like, and after the advanced geological forecast is finished by a constructor according to a period, the data is uploaded to the data processing module and the data storage module.

Further, the optional rock burst monitoring and early warning system provided by the utility model is described as follows:

the rock burst monitoring and early warning system takes a fiber grating sub-module 2 arranged in an anchor rod as a main monitoring means, a microseismic monitoring sub-module arranged in surrounding rock and advanced geological prediction as auxiliary monitoring means, a BP neural network algorithm in machine learning is used for data processing and safety assessment, analysis results are submitted to a data storage module and an early warning module, and the early warning module takes an audible and visual alarm device 6 and an electronic equipment terminal 7 as early warning means, so that the monitoring, judging and early warning system which simultaneously takes scientificity, timeliness, accuracy and universality into consideration is constructed.

The fiber bragg grating strain sensor and the fiber bragg grating temperature sensor are firstly arranged in an anchor rod structure and then enter surrounding rock along with the anchor rod; the vibration sensor is pre-buried in surrounding rock near the anchor rod when the anchor rod is installed; when the anchor rod cone head 8 moves under force and enters the sleeve II section from the sleeve III section, the sleeve II section is extruded and expanded, so that the strain sensor is influenced by force and temperature change, the temperature sensor is only influenced by temperature, grating wavelength drift is caused, optical signals are changed, and the optical signals are transmitted to the detachable signal demodulation transmitter 4 along an optical fiber connecting line. After demodulating the signal, transmitting the signal to a data processing module through 5G wireless; when microseism occurs, the vibration sensor 3 in the surrounding rock generates an electric signal, the electric signal is transmitted to the detachable signal demodulation transmitter 4 through the transmission line, and the electric signal is transmitted to the data processing module through the 5G wireless after demodulation. Furthermore, the detachable signal demodulation transmitter has complete functions, small volume, convenient connection and easy disassembly, so that in the use process, the arrangement scheme of the detachable signal demodulation transmitter can be adjusted in real time according to the early warning information fed back by the system, the detachable signal demodulation transmitter in a low-risk area is reduced or removed, and the effective utilization rate of resources is maximized.

As shown in fig. 9, the data processing module processes and analyzes data by using a BP neural network algorithm in machine learning, generates a log file, and determines whether to issue an early warning instruction to the disaster early warning module. The BP algorithm model comprises 1 hidden layer, and is integrally divided into an input layer, a hidden layer, an output layer and a connection right. The input layer is provided with n data transfer neurons (x ₁ ～x _n ) Is an input end for monitoring data in real time. The hidden layer is provided with q functional neurons with activation functions, the q functional neurons comprise an input end and an output end, real-time monitoring data enter the hidden layer neuron input end after being processed by the preposed connection weight w, and then the hidden layer neurons enter the hidden layer neuron output end to be transmitted to the next stage after being processed by the activation functions to generate anchor rods and surrounding rock state parameters. The output layer is provided with m functional neurons with activation functions, the functional neurons comprise an input end and an output end, the anchor rod and surrounding rock state data enter the neuron input end of the output layer after being processed by the preposed connection weight v, disaster risk assessment data are generated through the judgment processing of the activation functions and threshold values, the disaster risk assessment data enter the neuron output end of the hidden layer to serve as a final output result of the system, and guidance is provided for optimization of a monitoring scheme and reinforcement of dangerous area support.

The BP neural network algorithm is based on big data samples of a national engineering data center, and an algorithm model of the BP neural network algorithm has completed a learning and training process before the algorithm is put into use, namely a set of scientific, feasible and stable connection right relations are formed; after the algorithm is put into use, the central computer 5 can periodically download the latest data from the national engineering data center, and combines engineering actual measurement data to perform periodic training optimization on the algorithm model, update the connection weight relationship and continuously improve the applicability of the algorithm. Meanwhile, the data processed by the algorithm can be uploaded to a national engineering data center to serve as a data store for similar engineering problems. The real-time monitoring data comprises: grating center wavelength, grating period offset, ambient temperature, micro-seismic disturbance amplitude, micro-seismic disturbance frequency, micro-seismic disturbance duration, etc.; the anchor rod and surrounding rock state data comprises: stress-strain distribution state of anchor rod, stress-strain distribution state of rock mass, rock mass integrity and the like; the disaster risk assessment data comprise rock burst occurrence rate, rock burst level and the like.

The rock burst monitoring and early warning system comprises the following assembly processes: firstly, cutting a groove on the section I and the section II of the sleeve 14, installing corresponding sensors, laying optical fiber connecting wires, installing optical fiber connectors at the tail ends, and filling epoxy resin in the groove for fixation and protection; step two, sleeving a limiter 15 into the rod body 8 from the outer anchor end, and sliding towards one end of the conical head until the limiter cannot move any more; step three, inserting the device completed in the previous step into a mounting hole drilled in advance in surrounding rock, grouting through a hollow rod body, and completing assembly of other components to complete the installation of the anchor rod 1; step four, placing the vibration sensor 3 into a mounting hole drilled in advance, laying an optical fiber connecting wire and mounting a high-performance joint at the tail end; installing detachable signal demodulation transmitters 4 on the end head parts of the outer anchor sections of all the anchors 1, and connecting high-performance connectors of sensor transmission lines to corresponding channels; step six, mounting wireless acousto-optic alarm lamps on surrounding rocks at two sides; step seven, establishing a trained BP neural network algorithm program in the central computer 5; and step eight, testing whether each monitoring device, each data transmission device and each alarm device can work normally. Thus, the installation of each device of the system is completed.

The working process of the rock burst monitoring and early warning system comprises the following steps: when the surrounding rock state changes, the anchor rod state also changes, and each sensor in the surrounding rock acquires corresponding signals, and after demodulation by the detachable signal demodulation transmitter 4, the real-time digital signals are transmitted to the data processing module. The central computer processes and analyzes the real-time monitoring data and the advanced geological forecast data through the BP neural network algorithm, generates safety evaluation data and log files, and automatically judges whether to issue an early warning instruction or not. When the evaluation result does not reach the early warning level, the log file can be used as an instructive file for surrounding rock support reinforcement and monitoring scheme adjustment; when the assessment reaches the early warning level, an early warning instruction is issued, the wireless audible and visual alarm device 6 on the construction site is started, and meanwhile, the early warning instruction is issued to mobile phones and computer terminals of related responsible persons through a network, so that warning is completed, and the construction safety is improved.

While the present utility model has been described in detail with reference to the drawings, the present utility model is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present utility model within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.

Claims (4)

1. The rock burst data acquisition device based on the anchor rod is characterized by comprising a fiber bragg grating sensing submodule, wherein the fiber bragg grating sensing submodule comprises a fiber bragg grating strain sensor and a fiber bragg grating temperature sensor; a first installation part and a second installation part which are axially arranged are arranged in a sleeve (14) of the anchor section in the anchor rod, the first installation part is used for arranging a fiber bragg grating strain sensor, and the second installation part is used for arranging a fiber bragg grating temperature sensor.

2. The rock burst data acquisition device based on the anchor rod according to claim 1, wherein the first installation part is provided with 2 axial grooves I which are 180 degrees mutually; the second installation part is provided with 2 axial grooves II which are 180 degrees mutually; any axial groove I and any axial groove II are positioned at 90 degrees.

3. The rock burst data acquisition device based on the anchor rod according to claim 1, further comprising a microseismic monitoring submodule, wherein the microseismic monitoring submodule adopts a vibration sensor (3); the vibration sensor (3) is pre-buried in surrounding rock of the face.

4. An early warning system, characterized in that: the data acquisition device comprises any one of claims 1-3, and further comprises a data processing module and an early warning module; the data acquisition module is connected with the data processing module, and the data processing module processes the data according to the deep learning algorithm to obtain early warning information; the early warning module is used for sending out warning according to the received early warning information.