CN220041255U - Laser resonant cavity and transverse mode comprehensive experiment teaching instrument - Google Patents
Laser resonant cavity and transverse mode comprehensive experiment teaching instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN220041255U CN220041255U CN202321327520.4U CN202321327520U CN220041255U CN 220041255 U CN220041255 U CN 220041255U CN 202321327520 U CN202321327520 U CN 202321327520U CN 220041255 U CN220041255 U CN 220041255U
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- CPBQJMYROZQQJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium neon Chemical compound [He].[Ne] CPBQJMYROZQQJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PCTMTFRHKVHKIS-BMFZQQSSSA-N (1s,3r,4e,6e,8e,10e,12e,14e,16e,18s,19r,20r,21s,25r,27r,30r,31r,33s,35r,37s,38r)-3-[(2r,3s,4s,5s,6r)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-19,25,27,30,31,33,35,37-octahydroxy-18,20,21-trimethyl-23-oxo-22,39-dioxabicyclo[33.3.1]nonatriaconta-4,6,8,10 Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](OS(O)(=O)=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2.O[C@H]1[C@@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C)[C@H](C)OC(=O)C[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)CC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)C[C@](O)(C[C@H](O)[C@H]2C(O)=O)O[C@H]2C1 PCTMTFRHKVHKIS-BMFZQQSSSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JNDMLEXHDPKVFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;oxygen(2-);yttrium(3+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Y+3] JNDMLEXHDPKVFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a laser resonant cavity and transverse mode comprehensive experiment teaching instrument, which comprises: the laser gain medium generates laser gain under the excitation action of the pumping source, and the laser total reflection mirror and the laser output mirror form a laser resonant cavity, and the laser gain medium is placed close to the laser total reflection mirror. The teaching instrument is used for combining courses such as laser principles/laser technologies and the like, and experiments demonstrate knowledge points such as transverse modes of laser, stable areas of laser resonant cavities, spherical aberration of optical elements, transmission and focusing characteristics of single-mode/multi-mode laser and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the field of teaching instruments, in particular to a laser resonant cavity and transverse mode comprehensive experiment teaching instrument.
Background
The transverse mode (transverse mode) is one of the main characteristics of laser, and is also a key knowledge point of the physics, optics, optoelectronics and other professions such as laser principle, laser technology and the like. The generation mode of a single high-order transverse mode is a research front in the technical field of laser, and few simple and visual modes can be used for experimental demonstration in teaching.
For example, 2016-Tan Zhongji et al reported that laser transverse mode selection experiment systems based on helium-neon lasers, in which a hairline is inserted into a resonant cavity to introduce loss to the fundamental mode, enabling selection of the higher order transverse mode; 2019, fan Li et al reported that by tuning the alignment of the resonant cavity of a helium-neon laser, a higher order transverse mode was generated for use in teaching demonstration experiments. However, the experimental teaching aid has poor repeatability, and quantitative explanation is difficult to give for the mode change rule.
Reference to the literature
[1] Tan Zhongji, wu Suyong, yu Xudong, etc. he—ne laser transverse mode selection experiment [ J ]. University physical experiment, 2016,29 (06): 15-17.
[2] Fan Li, shen Jun, wang Xiaoyu, et al, research on He-Ne laser beam pattern analysis experiments [ J ]. Physical teaching discussion, 2019,37 (12): 45-48.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model provides a laser resonant cavity and transverse mode comprehensive experimental teaching instrument, which is used for combining courses such as laser principles/laser technologies and the like, and experiments to demonstrate knowledge points such as transverse modes of laser, stable areas of the laser resonant cavity, spherical aberration of optical elements, transmission and focusing characteristics of single-mode/multimode laser and the like, and is described in the following detail:
a laser resonator and transverse mode integrated experimental teaching instrument, the teaching instrument comprising: the pumping source, the laser total reflection mirror, the laser gain medium, the intracavity lens, the laser output mirror, the extracavity lens and the facula camera are sequentially arranged from left to right along the propagation direction of the optical path;
the laser gain medium generates laser gain under the excitation action of the pumping source, the laser total reflection mirror and the laser output mirror form a laser resonant cavity, and the laser gain medium is placed close to the laser total reflection mirror.
Wherein, the laser total reflection mirror is plated with a film system with the wavelength of pumping light for anti-reflection and the wavelength of laser light for high reflection; the laser gain medium is coated with a pumping light and laser wavelength anti-reflection film system;
preferably, the intracavity lens is coated with a laser wavelength antireflection film system; the laser output mirror is plated with a laser wavelength part transmission film system; the lens outside the cavity is coated with a laser wavelength antireflection film system.
The extraluminal lens is arranged on a displacement table which is adjusted back and forth, and the distance between the extraluminal lens and the laser output lens is a focal length.
The intracavity lens adopts a spherical lens. The laser gain medium is any one of a bulk solid gain medium, a multimode optical fiber gain medium, a semiconductor gain medium or a gas gain medium.
Wherein the pump source is an optical pump or an electric pump. In the specific implementation, the pumping source emits pumping light in a laser gain medium absorption band, the pumping light is absorbed by the laser gain medium to generate laser gain, the laser gain medium is placed close to the laser total reflection mirror, and the laser total reflection mirror has a smaller curvature radius to generate a smaller laser beam waist nearby; the focal length of the intracavity lens is shorter, and the distance (marked as d 1) between the intracavity lens and the laser total reflection mirror is obviously longer than the Rayleigh length near the laser beam waist, so that the laser spot size at the intracavity lens is larger to strengthen the spherical aberration; the laser total reflection mirror is arranged on a displacement table with the position capable of being adjusted back and forth, and the distance between the laser total reflection mirror and the lens in the cavity (denoted as d 2) is near the lower limit of the range of the stable region. Because the high-order laser transverse dies with different orders have hollow light intensity distribution with different sizes, the focusing effect of the lens in the cavity on each order mode is inconsistent, and the higher the order is, the smaller the effective focal length corresponding to the mode with the larger corresponding size is; therefore, when the front and back positions of the laser total reflection mirror are adjusted to make the distance between the laser total reflection mirror and the lens in the cavity slightly smaller than the lower limit of the stable region range of the fundamental mode, the corresponding high-order transverse mode is still in the stable region range, and therefore the output mode of the laser is changed from the fundamental mode to the high-order mode. The laser output mode is observed by a light sensitive card or spot camera, for example: the output laser is laser with visible light wave band and can be directly observed by naked eyes.
The technical scheme provided by the utility model has the beneficial effects that:
1) The teaching instrument can intuitively demonstrate the high-order transverse mode intensity distribution of laser;
2) The teaching instrument can demonstrate the decision action of the stable region of the resonant cavity on the working state of the laser, the transmission characteristics of single transverse mode and multi-transverse mode lasers, collimation and focusing of the lasers, lens spherical aberration, laser principle/laser technical course teaching and other knowledge points of the influence of the laser modes;
3) The change rule of the laser high-order mode of the teaching instrument has good repeatability, and can be quantitatively analyzed according to a theoretical model.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the optical path structure of a laser resonator and a transverse mode comprehensive experiment teaching instrument;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of intra-cavity fundamental mode spot size;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the stability region of a laser resonator;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a fundamental mode and a higher order mode laser spot.
In fig. 1, the list of components represented by the reference numerals is as follows:
1: a pump source; 2: a laser total reflection mirror;
3: a laser gain medium; 4: an intracavity lens;
5: a laser output mirror; 6: an extraluminal lens;
7: a spot camera.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present utility model more apparent, embodiments of the present utility model will be described in further detail below.
Aiming at the problems, the utility model provides a laser resonant cavity and a transverse mode comprehensive experimental teaching instrument, which can realize the selection of a high-order mode of a laser through spherical aberration of a lens and can demonstrate the light intensity distribution characteristic of the transverse mode of the laser and the focusing collimation characteristic of laser. The experimental teaching instrument integrates the cavity mode theory in the laser principle and the aberration theory in the geometric optics, runs through the actual application of key knowledge points, comprehensively exercises the practical capability of students in the aspects of solid lasers and optical design, expands the teaching content of laser experiments, and meets the teaching requirements in the actual application.
Example 1
A laser resonator and transverse mode integrated experimental teaching instrument, the teaching instrument comprising: the laser gain medium comprises a pumping source 1, a laser total reflection mirror 2, a laser gain medium 3, an intracavity lens 4, a laser output mirror 5, an extracavity lens 6 and a facula camera 7.
Wherein, the laser total reflection mirror 2 is plated with a film system with the wavelength of pumping light for anti-reflection and the wavelength of laser light for high reflection; the laser gain medium 3 is coated with a pumping light and laser wavelength antireflection film system; the intracavity lens 4 is coated with a laser wavelength antireflection film system; the laser output mirror 5 is plated with a laser wavelength part transmission film system; the extracavity lens 6 is coated with a laser wavelength antireflection coating.
The laser gain medium 3 generates laser gain under the excitation of the pump source 1, and the laser total reflection mirror 2 and the laser output mirror 5 form a laser resonant cavity. The laser gain medium 3 is placed close to the laser total reflection mirror 2, the laser total reflection mirror 2 has a smaller curvature radius (for example, 50 mm), and a smaller laser beam waist is formed near the laser total reflection mirror; the distance between the intracavity lens 4 and the laser gain medium 3 is longer (150 mm for example), and the laser spot size at the intracavity lens 4 is larger because the laser beam waist near the laser total reflection mirror 2 is smaller and the laser rapidly diverges after deviating from the laser beam waist; because the intracavity lens 4 has a smaller focal length (for example: 25 mm), the spherical aberration is stronger, and the higher order modes with different orders have different spot sizes, so the intracavity lens can be subjected to convergence effects with different degrees, and the stable areas of the different order modes are different; when the distance d2 between the laser output mirror 5 and the intracavity lens 4 is finely adjusted, the laser output mode can be changed between transverse modes with different orders. The output laser spot intensity distribution can be observed by the spot camera 7 or by a light-sensitive card, for example: the laser is in the visible light band and can be directly observed by naked eyes.
The spot size and the stability range of each order mode can be determined by the optical element parameters and the resonant cavity parameters, so that the quantitative relation of the laser mode changing along with d2 is determined theoretically.
The extraluminal lens 6 is arranged on a displacement table which can be adjusted back and forth, and the distance between the extraluminal lens and the laser output lens 5 is about the focal length; by adjusting the extra-luminal lens 6 back and forth, the collimation and focus state of the laser can be demonstrated.
In a state where the laser is focused by the extraluminal lens 6, the propagation characteristics after focusing of the single mode/multimode laser beam can be demonstrated.
Wherein the intracavity lens 4 should be spherical lens to introduce spherical aberration. The laser gain medium can be bulk solid gain medium doped with luminous ions such as neodymium, praseodymium, thulium, ytterbium, titanium, iron and the like, and can also be multimode optical fiber gain medium, semiconductor gain medium or gas gain medium such as helium-neon and the like; the corresponding pump source 1 may be an optical pump or an electric pump.
The laser total reflection mirror 2 with small curvature radius can be replaced by a plane laser total reflection mirror and a focusing lens close to the plane laser total reflection mirror.
The experimental system can provide the following teaching experiment demonstration functions:
1. demonstration of fundamental and higher order modes: by fine-tuning the front and rear positions of the laser output mirror 5 (i.e. the distance between the intracavity lens 4 and the laser output mirror 5), the transverse modes of the laser can be changed between the fundamental mode and the high-order transverse modes, and the intensity distribution and the laser mode selection principle of different laser transverse modes can be intuitively demonstrated;
2. stable region of laser resonator: according to the parameters of the resonant cavity such as focal length/curvature radius, spacing and the like of the device, the stable region of the resonant cavity can be calculated by utilizing an ABCD matrix (known by a person skilled in the art), and the stable region range of d2 is narrow, and the spacing d2 is finely adjusted so that the stable region is larger than the upper limit of the stable region, so that the laser cannot emit light, and the demonstration effect on the stable region of the resonant cavity is achieved;
3. spherical aberration of the lens and its effect: according to Zemax and other optical design software, or through known refractive index and curvature radius of lens materials, the spherical aberration of the lens, namely the actual optical power experienced by light rays with different heights, can be calculated; the actual light spot sizes of the high-order transverse modes with different orders at the lens, which are obtained by combining with the ABCD matrix, can be analyzed to obtain laser modes corresponding to different cavity parameters under the action of spherical aberration;
4. collimation and focusing of laser: the extraluminal lens 6 is also arranged on a displacement table with the position capable of being adjusted back and forth, and the distance between the extraluminal lens and the laser output lens 5 is near the focal length of the extraluminal lens; the collimation and focusing states of laser can be demonstrated by adjusting the extra-cavity lens 6 back and forth, namely, when the distance between the extra-cavity lens 6 and the laser beam waist at the laser output lens 5 is smaller than the focal length, the laser diverges; when the focal length is equal to the focal length, the laser is collimated; above its focal length, the laser is focused;
5. transmission characteristics of single and multiple transverse mode lasers: the near-field light spot intensity distribution and the far-field light spot intensity distribution of the multi-transverse-mode laser are different, and the near-field light spot intensity distribution and the far-field light spot intensity distribution of the single-transverse-mode laser are consistent.
Example 2
The scheme of example 1 is further described below in conjunction with specific parameters, as described in detail below:
the embodiment of the utility model provides a laser resonant cavity and transverse mode comprehensive experiment teaching instrument, which comprises: pump source 1, laser total reflection mirror 2, laser gain medium 3, intracavity lens 4, laser output mirror 5, extracavity lens 6, and facula camera 7.
Wherein, the pump source 1 is 808nm semiconductor laser, and the optical fiber core diameter is 200 μm; the laser total reflection mirror 2 is a flat concave mirror, the curvature radius of the concave surface is 50mm, and a 808nm pumping light anti-reflection and 1064nm laser high reflection film system is plated; the laser gain medium 3 cuts Nd: YVO for a 4 Crystals of 3X 5mm 3 Doping concentration is 0.5 at%, and 808nm pumping light and 1064nm laser antireflection film system are coated; the intracavity lens 4 is a spherical plano-convex lens made of K9 material, the focal length is 25mm, and a 1064nm laser antireflection film system is plated; the laser output mirror 5 is a flat mirror, and a film system with the laser transmittance T=10% of 1064nm is plated; the extraluminal lens 6 is a spherical plano-convex lens made of K9 material, and the focal length is 25mm. The lens frames of the intracavity lens 4 and the extraluminal lens 6 are both arranged on a displacement table, and the front and back positions can be finely adjusted. The spot camera 7 is a Charge Coupled Device (CCD) camera, responsive to 1064nm laser light.
The laser total reflection mirror 2 is arranged close to the laser gain medium 3; the distance between the intracavity lens 4 and the laser gain medium 3 is 150mm; the small radius of curvature of the laser total reflection mirror 2 causes the beam to diverge very quickly after the beam waist, as shown in fig. 2; the fundamental mode stability of the distance d2 between the laser output mirror 5 and the intra-cavity lens 4 at this time ranges from 30 to 33mm, calculated from the ABCD matrix, as shown in fig. 3. Fine tuning the distance d2, wherein when the distance d2 is larger than the upper limit of the stable region, the laser cannot vibrate to emit light; when the distance d2 is in the stable region range, outputting a fundamental mode by the laser; when the distance d2 is slightly smaller than the lower limit of the stable region, the laser outputs multiple transverse modes; further shortening the distance d2 allows the laser to output a single higher order transverse mode. The output spot is observed by a spot camera 7 as shown in fig. 4.
Since the laser output mirror 5 is a plane mirror, the laser output mirror 5 has a beam waist of the laser light, and the beam outputted thereafter diverges rapidly. The function of the extra-cavity lens 6 therefore includes two aspects, namely, avoiding the light spot from being too large to facilitate observation due to too fast beam divergence and demonstrating the collimation and focusing of the laser. Fine-tuning the distance between the laser output mirror 5 and the extracavity lens 6, and focusing the output beam when the distance is larger than the focal length of the extracavity lens 6; when the pitch is equal to the focal length of the extra-cavity lens 6, the output beam is collimated; when the pitch is smaller than the focal length of the extra-cavity lens 6, the output beam is still divergent after passing through the extra-cavity lens 6. The light spot camera 7 or the photosensitive card observes the light spot size change after the outside-cavity lens 6, and then the collimation and focusing of laser are demonstrated.
In the above embodiment, the laser gain medium 3 may be Nd: YVO 4 The laser crystal such as Nd: YAG (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet), ti: sa (titanium-doped sapphire), etc. may be a common laser gain medium such as Nd-, yb-, er (erbium) -or other light-emitting ion-doped laser glass, laser ceramic, etc. and a gas laser gain medium such as multimode optical fiber, optical pump or electric pump semiconductor disc, helium-neon, etc. the corresponding pump source wavelength and plating wavelength may correspond to the absorption peak and emission peak of the laser gain medium, which is not limited in the embodiment of the utility model.
The material, focal length and single convex/double convex shape of the lens 4 in the cavity are not particularly limited in the embodiment of the utility model, and the mode selection can be realized by selecting proper material, focal length and surface shape to generate obvious spherical aberration.
The material, focal length and surface shape of the extraluminal lens 6 are not particularly limited in the embodiment of the utility model, and the laser output beam can be within the caliber by selecting proper focal length and caliber.
In summary, the purpose of the embodiment of the utility model is to conveniently and controllably generate laser outputs with different transverse modes, and simultaneously, the extra-cavity lens 6 is utilized to collimate and focus the light beam, so that the demonstration of experimental teaching is facilitated, and various requirements in practical application are satisfied.
The embodiment of the utility model does not limit the types of other devices except the types of the devices, so long as the devices can complete the functions.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the drawings are schematic representations of only one preferred embodiment, and that the above-described embodiment numbers are merely for illustration purposes and do not represent advantages or disadvantages of the embodiments.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the utility model is not intended to limit the utility model to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the utility model are intended to be included within the scope of the utility model.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a laser resonant cavity and horizontal mode comprehensive experiment teaching instrument which characterized in that, the teaching instrument includes: a pumping source, a laser total reflection mirror, a laser gain medium, an intracavity lens, a laser output mirror, an extracavity lens and a facula camera are sequentially arranged from left to right along the propagation direction of the optical path,
the laser gain medium generates laser gain under the excitation action of the pumping source, the laser total reflection mirror and the laser output mirror form a laser resonant cavity, and the laser gain medium is placed close to the laser total reflection mirror.
2. The laser resonator and transverse mode integrated experimental teaching apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that,
the laser total reflection mirror is plated with a film system with anti-reflection of the wavelength of pumping light and high reflection of the wavelength of laser; the laser gain medium is coated with a pumping light and laser wavelength anti-reflection film system;
the intracavity lens is plated with a laser wavelength antireflection film system; the laser output mirror is plated with a laser wavelength part transmission film system; the lens outside the cavity is coated with a laser wavelength antireflection film system.
3. The laser resonator and transverse mode integrated experimental teaching apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that,
the extraluminal lens is arranged on a displacement table which is adjusted back and forth, and the distance between the extraluminal lens and the laser output lens is a focal length.
4. The laser resonator and transverse mode integrated experimental teaching instrument according to claim 1, wherein the intracavity lens is a spherical lens.
5. The laser resonator and the transverse mode integrated experimental teaching instrument according to claim 1, wherein the laser gain medium is any one of a bulk solid gain medium, a multimode optical fiber gain medium, a semiconductor gain medium, and a gas gain medium.
6. The laser resonator and transverse mode integrated experimental teaching apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the pump source is an optical pump or an electric pump.
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