CN219883851U - Vehicle end through channel and vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a vehicle end through passage and a vehicle, and relates to the technical field of vehicle engineering. The vehicle end through channel comprises a windshield mechanism, a driving mechanism and a guiding mechanism; the windshield mechanism is provided with a channel which is communicated in the horizontal direction, one end of the windshield mechanism is a connecting end and is used for being fixed on a vehicle body, and the other end of the windshield mechanism is a movable end which can move relative to the connecting end; the movable end is connected with a driving mechanism, and the driving mechanism drives the movable end to move so as to drive the windshield mechanism to stretch and retract relative to the connecting end; the movable end is connected with a guide mechanism, and the guide mechanism can guide the telescopic movement of the windshield mechanism in the driving process of the driving mechanism. When no personnel passes the requirement, the windshield mechanism automatically retracts towards the connected vehicle body under the drive of the driving mechanism, so that the exposed area of the windshield mechanism on the vehicle body or the area of the windshield mechanism on the vehicle body can be reduced, the abrasion condition is reduced, and the service life is prolonged. The guiding mechanism can guide the windshield mechanism, so that the motion stability is ensured.

Description

Vehicle end through channel and vehicle

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of vehicle engineering, in particular to a vehicle end penetration passage and a vehicle.

Background

In order to facilitate passengers to pass between vehicles, existing railway vehicle marshalling connection generally adopts a through mode. At present, a main railway passenger car through passage is a rubber windshield, the main railway passenger car through passage is fixed on the outer side of the end part of a car body, after two car bodies are connected in a marshalling way through a mechanical coupler, passengers can freely pass among marshalling cars through the through passage, wherein the through passages at the end parts of the front car body and the rear car body are propped against each other, and the car bodies are sealed through the compression of rubber capsules of the rubber windshield, so that the railway passenger car has certain wind and snow prevention capability. Because the through channel is always positioned outside the vehicle body, the position of the through channel relative to the vehicle body cannot be freely adjusted, and the through channel is easy to damage after long-term use, so that the service life of the through channel is influenced.

Therefore, how to reduce the damage of the through channel and prolong the service life thereof is a technical problem that needs to be solved by the person skilled in the art at present.

Disclosure of Invention

Therefore, the present utility model is directed to a vehicle end through passage and a vehicle including the same, which can reduce damage and prolong service life.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present utility model provides the following technical solutions:

a vehicle end through passage comprises a windshield mechanism, a driving mechanism and a guiding mechanism; the windshield mechanism is provided with a channel which is communicated in the horizontal direction, one end of the windshield mechanism is a connecting end and is used for being fixed on a vehicle body, and the other end of the windshield mechanism is a movable end which can move relative to the connecting end; the movable end is connected with the driving mechanism, and the driving mechanism drives the movable end to move so as to drive the windshield mechanism to move in a telescopic manner relative to the connecting end; the movable end is connected with the guide mechanism, and the guide mechanism can guide the telescopic movement of the windshield mechanism in the driving process of the driving mechanism.

Preferably, the driving mechanism comprises a driving motor, a transmission mechanism and a clutch connected between the transmission mechanism and the driving motor, and the transmission mechanism is connected to the movable end.

Preferably, the transmission mechanism and/or the guide mechanism comprises a rack and pinion multi-stage telescopic mechanism.

Preferably, the guiding mechanism is connected with a manual structure, so that the guiding mechanism drives the windshield mechanism to move in a telescopic mode through manual driving of the manual structure.

Preferably, a positioning device is arranged on the guide mechanism and/or the driving mechanism to lock the position of the guide mechanism and/or the driving mechanism after the telescopic movement.

Preferably, the windshield mechanism comprises a gate-type bellows windshield mechanism and a gate-type rubber windshield mechanism fixed to one end of the bellows windshield mechanism, wherein the rubber windshield mechanism and a portion of the bellows windshield mechanism adjacent to the rubber windshield mechanism form the movable end of the windshield mechanism.

Preferably, the windshield mechanism is a door-type structure; the cab apron mechanism is arranged below the windshield mechanism and is used for being movably connected with the vehicle body; the movable end of the windshield mechanism is fixedly connected with the cab apron mechanism, and the rest part of the windshield mechanism can move in a telescopic mode on the cab apron mechanism.

Preferably, the cab apron mechanism comprises a first cab apron and a second cab apron which are sequentially arranged along the penetrating direction of the windshield mechanism; the installation seat is arranged below the second cab apron, the installation seat is slidably connected with a connecting rod, the first cab apron is hinged to the connecting rod, and an elastic piece is arranged between the connecting rod and the installation seat, so that the first cab apron is connected with the second cab apron in a floating mode through the connecting rod and the elastic piece.

Preferably, the two driving mechanisms are arranged outside two opposite side surfaces of the windshield mechanism, and the two guiding mechanisms are respectively arranged above the top surface of the windshield mechanism and below the bottom surface of the cab apron mechanism.

A vehicle includes a vehicle body, an end portion of which is provided with a through-vehicle-end passage as above, the windshield mechanism is retractable completely into the vehicle body interior, and at least a part of the structure is extendable to the outside of the vehicle body.

The utility model provides a vehicle end through passage, which comprises a windshield mechanism, a driving mechanism and a guiding mechanism; the windshield mechanism is provided with a channel which is communicated in the horizontal direction, one end of the windshield mechanism is a connecting end and is used for being fixed on a vehicle body, and the other end of the windshield mechanism is a movable end which can move relative to the connecting end; the movable end is connected with a driving mechanism, and the driving mechanism drives the movable end to move so as to drive the windshield mechanism to stretch and retract relative to the connecting end; the movable end is connected with a guide mechanism, and the guide mechanism can guide the telescopic movement of the windshield mechanism in the driving process of the driving mechanism.

When the windscreen mechanism is applied, the connecting end of the windscreen mechanism is connected to the end part of the vehicle body, one end of the guiding mechanism and one end of the driving mechanism can be connected to the vehicle body, and the windscreen mechanism can move in a telescopic mode according to requirements. When the adjacent car bodies are required to be communicated, the windshield mechanism is driven by the driving mechanism to automatically extend out to the adjacent car bodies, so that the front car bodies and the rear car bodies are in butt joint communication for passing through by people. When no personnel pass through the requirements, the windshield mechanism can be automatically retracted towards the connected vehicle body under the drive of the driving mechanism, the exposed area of the windshield mechanism on the vehicle body or the area of the windshield mechanism on the vehicle body can be reduced, the abrasion condition is reduced, and the service life is prolonged. In addition, in the flexible in-process of windscreen mechanism, guiding mechanism can be to windscreen mechanism's motion direction, guarantees windscreen mechanism's motion stability.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present utility model, and that other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a vehicle end penetration provided by the present utility model when fully retracted into a vehicle body;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a vehicle end penetration provided by the present utility model;

FIG. 3 is a partial block diagram of a side of a vehicle end penetration provided by the present utility model;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the drive mechanism of the vehicle end penetration provided by the present utility model in a fully extended state;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the direction of the movable end of the vehicle-end penetration channel according to the present utility model;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the direction of the connecting end of the vehicle-end through passage according to the present utility model;

FIG. 7 is a side view of a vehicle end penetration provided by the present utility model;

FIG. 8 is a bottom view of a vehicle end penetration channel according to the present utility model;

FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a cab apron mechanism for a vehicle end through passage according to the present utility model;

FIG. 10 is a partial block diagram of the bottom of the vehicle end penetration provided by the present utility model;

fig. 11 is a structural view of the guide mechanism of the vehicle end penetration passage provided by the present utility model in a fully extended state.

Reference numerals:

a vehicle body 1;

a windshield mechanism 2, a movable end 21, a connecting end 22;

a rubber windshield mechanism 3;

a bellows windshield mechanism 4;

the cab apron mechanism 5, the first cab apron 51, the second cab apron 52, the elastic piece 53, the mounting seat 54, the overhaul cover 55 and the connecting rod 56;

the driving mechanism 6, the driving motor 61, the transmission mechanism 62, the clutch 63, the plate 64 and the limiting block 65;

a positioning device 7;

a guide mechanism 8, a manual structure 81, a screw nut assembly 82 and a second gear rack multi-stage telescopic mechanism 83.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present utility model will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present utility model, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.

The utility model provides a vehicle end through passage and a vehicle comprising the same, which can reduce damage to the vehicle end through passage and prolong the service life.

Referring to fig. 1 to 11, an embodiment of a vehicle end penetration according to the present utility model includes a windshield mechanism 2, a driving mechanism 6 and a guiding mechanism 8.

As shown in fig. 2 and 5, the windshield mechanism 2 has a passage extending therethrough in the horizontal direction, and the windshield mechanism 2 has a connecting end 22 at one end for fixing to the vehicle body 1 and a movable end 21 movable relative to the connecting end 22 at the other end. The movable end 21 is connected with a driving mechanism 6, and the driving mechanism 6 drives the windshield mechanism 2 to stretch and retract relative to the connecting end 22 by driving the movable end 21 to move, so that the windshield mechanism 2 can stretch and retract relative to the vehicle body 1. The movable end 21 is connected with a guiding mechanism 8, and the guiding mechanism 8 can guide the telescopic movement of the windshield mechanism 2 in the driving process of the driving mechanism 6. Wherein the guiding mechanism 8 and the driving mechanism 6 are both connected to the vehicle body 1.

In application, the connecting end of the windshield mechanism 2 is connected to the end of the vehicle body 1, one end of the guiding mechanism 8 and one end of the driving mechanism 6 can also be connected to the vehicle body 1, and the windshield mechanism 2 can move in a telescopic manner according to requirements. When the adjacent car bodies 1 are required to be communicated, the windshield mechanism 2 is driven by the driving mechanism 6 to automatically extend out to the adjacent car bodies 1, so that the front car bodies 1 and the rear car bodies 1 are in butt joint communication for passing through by people. When no personnel passes through the requirements, the windshield mechanism 2 can be automatically retracted towards the connected vehicle body 1 under the drive of the driving mechanism 6, the exposed area of the windshield mechanism on the vehicle body 1 or the area of the windshield mechanism on the outside of the vehicle body 1 can be reduced, the abrasion condition is reduced, and the service life is prolonged. In addition, during the expansion and contraction process of the windshield mechanism 2, the guiding mechanism 8 can guide the movement of the windshield mechanism 2, so that the stability of the movement of the windshield mechanism 2 is ensured.

Further, referring to fig. 2 and 3, the driving mechanism 6 includes a driving motor 61, a transmission mechanism 62, and a clutch 63 connected between the transmission mechanism 62 and the driving motor 61, wherein the transmission mechanism 62 is connected to the movable end 21. Alternatively, the drive motor 61 is a servo motor actuator and the clutch 63 is an electromagnetic clutch. The drive motor 61 may be connected to a speed reducer, and the clutch 63 may be connected to the speed reducer.

Since the transmission mechanism 62 and the driving motor 61 are connected through the clutch 63, after the expansion and contraction condition of the windshield mechanism 2 is regulated, the driving motor 61 and the transmission mechanism 62 can be separated in time through the clutch 63, so that the driving motor 61 is prevented from being damaged due to the fact that the windshield mechanism 2 shakes and applies pressure to the driving motor 61. Of course, in other embodiments, the driving mechanism 6 may be provided as a cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder having both ends respectively connected to the windshield mechanism 2 and the vehicle body 1.

Further, as shown in fig. 4 and 11, the transmission mechanism 62 and/or the guide mechanism 8 includes a rack-and-pinion multi-stage telescopic mechanism, which ensures the stability of the transmission. In other embodiments, a belt driven telescoping mechanism is also possible. Specifically, the transmission mechanism 62 includes a first rack and pinion multi-stage telescopic mechanism, and the guide mechanism 8 includes a second rack and pinion multi-stage telescopic mechanism 83. The rack and pinion multi-stage telescopic mechanism may include multiple stages of relatively slidable plates 64, and adjacent plates 64 are connected through rack and pinion transmission, and the stroke of the relatively movable plates is limited by a limiting block 65. Of course, in other embodiments, the transmission mechanism 62 may be a belt transmission mechanism, and the guide mechanism 8 may include a slide rail fixed to the vehicle body 1 and a slider slidably connected to the slide rail and fixedly connected to the movable end 21.

Further, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, by manually driving the manual structure 81, the guiding mechanism 8 is caused to drive the windshield mechanism 2 to move telescopically, thereby realizing manual driving of the windshield mechanism 2 and realizing versatility of the guiding mechanism 8. Specifically, the guiding mechanism 8 includes a screw nut assembly 82, and the manual structure 81 is a hand wheel connected to a screw of the screw nut assembly 82, so that the hand wheel drives the screw to rotate, so that the nut of the nut assembly 82 can drive the guiding mechanism 8 to move in a telescopic manner, and the windshield mechanism 2 is driven to move in a telescopic manner. In addition, the lead screw may be connected to the movable end through the second rack and pinion multi-stage telescopic mechanism 83, thereby increasing the stroke of the guide mechanism 8. In addition, the hand wheel can be detachably connected to the guide mechanism 8, and when the windshield mechanism 2 is not required to be manually driven, the hand wheel is detached, so that the hand wheel can be prevented from affecting the movement of the guide mechanism 8. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the manual structure 81 may be a handle provided on the guide mechanism 8 to receive a force in a direction of the telescopic movement of the windshield mechanism 2, so as to drive the windshield mechanism 2 to expand and contract.

Further, positioning means 7 are provided on the guiding means 8 and/or on the driving means 6 to lock the position of the guiding means 8 and/or the driving means 6 after the telescopic movement. As shown in fig. 2, the positioning device 7 comprises a safety pin provided on the transmission mechanism 62, in particular by fixing at least one component of the transmission mechanism 62 such that the transmission mechanism 62 can no longer be extended or retracted, in order to achieve positioning of the drive mechanism 6, for example, the positioning device 7 can be inserted into or pressed against a plate 64 in the transmission mechanism 62 such that the transmission mechanism 62 can no longer be extended or retracted. In addition, the positioning device 7 can be an electric control structure or a manual structure. By providing the positioning means 7, a mechanical positioning function at the completion of the extension and retraction of the windshield mechanism 2 can be achieved.

Further, as shown in fig. 7, the windshield mechanism 2 includes a bellows windshield mechanism 4 of a door type and a rubber windshield mechanism 3 of a door type fixed to one end of the bellows windshield mechanism 4, and the windshield mechanism 2 is of a generally door-type structure or inverted U-type structure. Wherein the movable end 21 of the windshield mechanism 2 is formed on the rubber windshield mechanism 3 and the portion of the bellows windshield mechanism 4 close to the rubber windshield mechanism 3. The rubber windshield mechanism 3 may be specifically soft rubber. When the windshield mechanisms 2 on two adjacent vehicle bodies 1 are protruded and are close to each other to be butted, the sealing property of the butt joint can be ensured by the extrusion of the rubber windshield mechanisms 3 of the two windshield mechanisms 2.

Further, as shown in fig. 2, the vehicle-end through passage further includes a cab apron mechanism 5 provided below the windshield mechanism 2 for movably connecting to the vehicle body 1. The movable end 21 of the windshield mechanism 2 is fixedly connected with the cab apron mechanism 5, and the rest of the windshield mechanism 2 can move telescopically on the cab apron mechanism 5. The cab apron mechanism 5 can stretch and retract along with the movable end 21 of the windshield mechanism 2, so that the cab apron mechanism 5 stretches and contracts relative to the vehicle body 1, and the vehicle body 1 can also exert a protective effect on the cab apron mechanism 5. Wherein, the cab apron mechanism 5 and the folding shed windshield mechanism 4 are equivalent to form a telescopic frame, the cab apron mechanism 5 moves to stretch and retract relative to the vehicle body 1, and the folding shed windshield mechanism 4 deforms to stretch and retract relative to the vehicle body 1. The rubber windshield mechanism 3 is integrally assembled to the frame. Of course, in other embodiments, the cab apron mechanism 5 may also be non-telescoping with respect to the body 1.

Further, as shown in fig. 8 to 10, the cab apron mechanism 5 includes a first cab apron 51 and a second cab apron 52 which are sequentially arranged along the through direction of the windshield mechanism 2, specifically, the first cab apron 51 and the second cab apron 52 are sequentially arranged along the direction in which the movable end 21 points to the connecting end 22, and the rubber windshield mechanism 3 may be fixed to the first cab apron 51. The mounting seat 54 is arranged below the second cab apron 52, the connecting rod 56 is connected to the mounting seat 54 in a sliding manner, the first cab apron 51 is hinged to the connecting rod 56, the elastic piece 53 is arranged between the connecting rod 56 and the mounting seat 54, so that the first cab apron 51 is connected to the second cab apron 52 in a floating manner through the connecting rod 56 and the elastic piece 53, the first cab apron 51 has a certain elastic swinging space relative to the second cab apron 52, and when a vehicle turns, the first cab apron 51 and the second cab apron 52 swing elastically relatively to adapt to the route of the vehicle, the self-adaptation of the vehicle body in the process of over-bending is met, and the damage of the cab apron mechanism 5 can be reduced.

Further, as shown in fig. 5, the two driving mechanisms 6 are disposed at the outer sides of two opposite sides of the windshield mechanism 2, and the two guiding mechanisms 8 are disposed above the top surface of the windshield mechanism 2 and below the bottom surface of the cab apron mechanism 5, respectively, so that telescopic guiding or driving is performed in four directions of up, down, left and right of an annular channel enclosed by the windshield mechanism 2 and the cab apron mechanism 5, and stability of telescopic movement of the windshield mechanism 2 and the cab apron mechanism 5 and consistency of telescopic movement distances of different positions can be ensured. Of course, in other embodiments, other positions and numbers of the driving mechanism 6 and the guiding mechanism 8 may be provided.

In addition, the top of the vehicle body 1 and the windshield mechanism 2 can be respectively provided with an access cover plate 55, and the access cover plate 55 can be manually detached, so that the manual structure 81 can be manually operated through the mounting hole at the access cover plate 55, and the operation is convenient.

The vehicle end through passage in this embodiment, the operating principle includes:

and (3) manual control: the extending process comprises the following steps: opening the upper and lower access cover plates, installing a hand wheel at one end of the guide mechanism 8, manually loosening the positioning device 7, rotating the hand wheel, and manually installing the positioning device 7 to lock the position of the windshield mechanism 2 after the hand wheel extends out to the right position; the retracting process comprises the following steps: the positioning device 7 is manually loosened, the hand wheel is rotated to enable the guiding mechanism 8 to drive the windshield mechanism 2 to retract, and after the windshield mechanism 2 is retracted into place, the positioning device 7 is manually installed to lock the position of the windshield mechanism 2.

Electric control: the extending process comprises the following steps: the clutch 63 is combined, the driving motor 61 drives the transmission mechanism 62 to extend out with the windshield mechanism 2, the positioning device 7 is locked when the transmission mechanism extends out, and the clutch 63 is disengaged; the retracting process comprises the following steps: the clutch 63 is combined, the positioning device 7 is unlocked, the driving motor 61 drives the transmission mechanism 62 to drive the windshield mechanism 2 to retract to the position, the positioning device 7 is locked, and the clutch 63 is disengaged. In the electric control process, the driving mechanism 6 not only drives but also carries out bearing and guiding, and the combined action of the clutch 63 and the positioning device 7 can meet the acting force born by the vehicle body under the conditions of over-bending and the like, so that the reliable connection between the vehicle bodies under various working conditions is ensured; the guide mechanism 8 has no power source, only has bearing and guiding functions, and simultaneously bears the loads under various working conditions during guiding.

In the processing process, the vehicle end through channel in the embodiment is properly set according to the vehicle parameters, the passing size requirement and the change condition of the vehicle end distance, so as to meet the requirement of a passing line curve. For example, when the maximum compression amount occurs in the rubber damper mechanism 3, the compression resistance is about 25KN in total, and the type selection capability of the driving mechanism 6 is designed to have a resistance of 35KN in consideration of sufficient redundancy, system resistance, and the like, and the redundancy coefficient is 1.4.

The vehicle end through passage in this embodiment has the advantages that: the electric extension and return functions of the windshield mechanism 2 and the cab apron mechanism 5 can be realized, and the automatic extension and retraction of the vehicle-end through passage can be realized; the guide mechanism 8 is connected with a manual structure 81 for receiving manually applied power as a stress point, so that manual operation can be realized; after the windshield mechanism 2 stretches out, the tightness of the windshield mechanism 2 when the vehicle body passes through a curve and moves straight can be ensured through the deformation of the windshield mechanism 2; the cab apron mechanism 5 adopts a front-end floating structure, so that the self-adaption of the vehicle body in the process of over-bending can be met. The vehicle end through passage can be applied to railway coaches.

In addition to the vehicle end through passage, the utility model also provides a vehicle, which comprises a vehicle body 1 and the vehicle end through passage, wherein the vehicle end through passage can be specifically the vehicle end through passage provided in any embodiment, and the beneficial effects can be correspondingly referred to the embodiments. Specifically, the vehicle may be a railway vehicle, each vehicle body 1 is a passenger car, and two adjacent passenger cars are connected in a grouping manner through a mechanical coupler and a through passage. The vehicle end through passage is provided at an end of the vehicle body 1, and the connection end 22 is connected to the vehicle body 1.

As shown in fig. 1, the windshield mechanism 2 can be completely retracted into the vehicle body 1, so that the retraction and hiding requirements can be met, and the hidden installation of the windshield mechanism 2, such as retraction into the end of the vehicle body 1, can be realized, and the vehicle is stored in the range of 500 mm.

At the same time, at least part of the structure of the windshield mechanism 2 may protrude outside the vehicle body 1. When people want to pass, the front and rear vehicle ends are communicated and automatically spread, the windshield mechanisms 2 of the front vehicle extend forwards, the windshield mechanisms 2 of the rear vehicle extend backwards until the two windshield mechanisms 2 are in butt joint, the butt joint requirements of the two windshield mechanisms 2 of the adjacent vehicle bodies 1 are met, a through channel is formed between the vehicle bodies 1, the sealing between the vehicle bodies 1 and the communication of the corridor can be realized, passengers can pass through the through channel at will between marshalling vehicles, and the passing requirements of the passengers are met.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "fixed" to another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. Furthermore, in the description of the present utility model, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality", "a plurality of groups" is two or more.

The terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," and the like refer to an orientation or positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings, merely for convenience of description and to simplify the description, and do not denote or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus are not to be construed as limiting the utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this utility model belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the utility model is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the utility model.

In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other.

The vehicle and the vehicle end through passage provided by the utility model are described in detail above. The principles and embodiments of the present utility model have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the description of which is intended only to facilitate an understanding of the method of the present utility model and its core ideas. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations of the utility model can be made without departing from the principles of the utility model and these modifications and adaptations are intended to be within the scope of the utility model as defined in the following claims.

Claims (10)

1. The vehicle end through passage is characterized by comprising a windshield mechanism (2), a driving mechanism (6) and a guiding mechanism (8); the windshield mechanism (2) is provided with a channel which is communicated in the horizontal direction, one end of the windshield mechanism (2) is a connecting end (22) and is used for being fixed on a vehicle body (1), and the other end of the windshield mechanism is a movable end (21) which can move relative to the connecting end (22); the movable end (21) is connected with the driving mechanism (6), and the driving mechanism (6) drives the movable end (21) to move so as to drive the windshield mechanism (2) to stretch and retract relative to the connecting end (22); the movable end (21) is connected with the guide mechanism (8), and the guide mechanism (8) can guide the telescopic movement of the windshield mechanism (2) in the driving process of the driving mechanism (6).

2. The vehicle-end penetration according to claim 1, characterized in that the driving mechanism (6) comprises a driving motor (61), a transmission mechanism (62), a clutch (63) connected between the transmission mechanism (62) and the driving motor (61), the transmission mechanism (62) being connected to the movable end (21).

3. The vehicle end penetration according to claim 2, characterized in that the transmission mechanism (62) and/or the guiding mechanism (8) comprises a rack and pinion multi-stage telescopic mechanism.

4. The vehicle end penetration according to claim 1, characterized in that the guiding mechanism (8) is connected with a manual structure (81) so that the guiding mechanism (8) drives the windshield mechanism (2) to move in a telescopic manner by manually driving the manual structure (81).

5. The vehicle-end through passage according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that positioning means (7) are provided on the guide means (8) and/or on the drive means (6) to lock the position of the guide means (8) and/or the drive means (6) after a telescopic movement.

6. The vehicle-end penetration according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the windshield mechanism (2) includes a portal windshield mechanism (4) and a portal rubber windshield mechanism (3) fixed to one end of the portal windshield mechanism (4), the rubber windshield mechanism (3) and a portion of the portal windshield mechanism (4) near the rubber windshield mechanism (3) forming the movable end (21) of the windshield mechanism (2).

7. The vehicle-end penetration according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the windshield mechanism (2) is of a portal structure; the vehicle further comprises a cab apron mechanism (5) which is arranged below the windshield mechanism (2) and is movably connected with the vehicle body (1); the movable end (21) of the windshield mechanism (2) is fixedly connected with the cab apron mechanism (5), and the rest part of the windshield mechanism (2) can move in a telescopic mode on the cab apron mechanism (5).

8. The vehicle-end penetration passage according to claim 7, characterized in that the cab apron mechanism (5) includes a first cab apron (51) and a second cab apron (52) arranged in order along a penetration direction of the windshield mechanism (2); the mounting seat (54) is arranged below the second cab apron (52), the mounting seat (54) is slidably connected with a connecting rod (56), the first cab apron (51) is hinged to the connecting rod (56), and an elastic piece (53) is arranged between the connecting rod (56) and the mounting seat (54), so that the first cab apron (51) is connected with the second cab apron (52) in a floating mode through the connecting rod (56) and the elastic piece (53).

9. The vehicle-end penetration according to claim 7, characterized in that two of the drive mechanisms (6) are provided outside two opposite side surfaces of the windshield mechanism (2), and two of the guide mechanisms (8) are provided above the top surface of the windshield mechanism (2) and below the bottom surface of the cab apron mechanism (5), respectively.

10. A vehicle characterized by comprising a vehicle body (1), an end portion of the vehicle body (1) being provided with the vehicle-end penetration as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, the windshield mechanism (2) being fully retractable into the interior of the vehicle body (1), and at least a part of the structure being extendable outside the vehicle body (1).