CN219829147U - Large-cooling-capacity dilution refrigeration system for liquid helium closed-cycle precooling - Google Patents
Large-cooling-capacity dilution refrigeration system for liquid helium closed-cycle precooling Download PDFInfo
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- CN219829147U CN219829147U CN202320417167.2U CN202320417167U CN219829147U CN 219829147 U CN219829147 U CN 219829147U CN 202320417167 U CN202320417167 U CN 202320417167U CN 219829147 U CN219829147 U CN 219829147U
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- dilution refrigeration
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- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 159
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 159
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 159
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000005501 phase interface Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003113 dilution method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The utility model provides a large-cooling-capacity dilution refrigeration system for liquid helium closed-cycle precooling, which comprises a precooling module and a dilution refrigeration module, wherein the precooling module comprises a liquid helium inlet and a liquid helium outlet: the precooling module comprises a helium liquefier, a thermostat and a helium recovery mechanism, wherein a primary cold screen is arranged in the thermostat, a secondary cold screen is arranged in the primary cold screen, a tertiary cold screen is arranged in the secondary cold screen, and openings of the cold screens are respectively provided with a cold plate at each level; two (II)A liquid helium pool is arranged between the stage cooling plate and the third stage cooling plate, and an overflow liquid helium pool is arranged below the third stage cooling plate; the dilution refrigeration module comprises a distillation chamber, a double-pipe heat exchanger, a step heat exchanger, a mixing chamber, an air outlet pipe, a dilution refrigeration external circulation system, an air inlet pipe and a heat exchange heat sink; the four-stage cold screen is arranged in the three-stage cold screen, and a four-stage cold plate is arranged on an opening of the four-stage cold screen. The liquid helium closed circulation provides sufficient pre-cooling conditions for the large-cooling-capacity dilution refrigeration module, so that the pre-cooling conditions can be improved 3 He working medium flow rate to improve the refrigerating capacity of the dilution refrigerator.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of extremely low temperature refrigeration, in particular to a liquid helium closed circulation precooling large-cooling-capacity dilution refrigeration system.
Background
With the rapid development of quantum computing, the number of quantum bits is continuously increased, and a dilution refrigerator with larger cooling capacity is required to meet the cooling capacity requirement of quantum computing. The improvement of the cooling capacity of the dilution refrigerator requires the increase of the precooling capacity of the dilution refrigeration pre-stage precooling system.
At present, a dilution refrigerator with small cooling capacity adopts a dry refrigerator such as a GM refrigerator and the like to provide precooling in a temperature area of more than 4K. Along with the improvement of the cooling capacity of the dilution refrigerator, the precooling cooling capacity also needs to be increased, and the adoption of a plurality of GM refrigerators in parallel connection structure can cause the defects of large system volume, vibration interference, high energy consumption and the like. And the current dry dilution refrigerator adopts a GM refrigerator as a pre-stage precooling system, so that the cooling capacity of the structure cannot be greatly improved, and the expansibility is poor.
Therefore, a need exists for a high-refrigeration dilution refrigeration system that addresses the above-described issues.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model provides a large-cooling-capacity dilution refrigeration system for liquid helium closed-cycle precoolingThe liquid helium closed circulation provides sufficient precooling conditions for the large-cooling-capacity dilution refrigeration module, so that the cooling capacity of the large-cooling-capacity dilution refrigeration module can be improved 3 He working medium flow improves the refrigerating capacity of the dilution refrigerator, and has the advantages of compact structure and expandability.
The utility model provides a large-cooling-capacity dilution refrigeration system for liquid helium closed-cycle precooling, which comprises a precooling module and a dilution refrigeration module, wherein the precooling module comprises a liquid helium inlet and a liquid helium outlet:
the precooling module comprises a helium liquefier, a thermostat and a helium recovery mechanism, wherein a primary cold screen is arranged in the thermostat, a secondary cold screen is arranged in the primary cold screen, a tertiary cold screen is arranged in the secondary cold screen, a primary cold plate is arranged on the primary cold screen, a secondary cold plate is arranged on the secondary cold screen, and a tertiary cold plate is arranged on the tertiary cold screen; a liquid helium pool is arranged between the secondary cooling plate and the tertiary cooling plate, and an overflow liquid helium pool is arranged below the tertiary cooling plate; the helium liquefier is connected with the liquid helium tank through a pipeline, the liquid helium tank is connected with the superfluid liquid helium tank through a pipeline, and the helium recovery mechanism is used for recovering helium evaporated from the liquid helium tank and the superfluid liquid helium tank into the helium liquefier;
the dilution refrigeration module comprises a distillation chamber, a double-pipe heat exchanger, a step heat exchanger, a mixing chamber, an air outlet pipe, a dilution refrigeration external circulation system and an air inlet pipe, wherein the distillation chamber, the double-pipe heat exchanger, the step heat exchanger and the mixing chamber are sequentially connected, the air outlet pipe, the dilution refrigeration external circulation system and the air inlet pipe are sequentially connected, one end of the air inlet pipe is connected with an inlet of the double-pipe heat exchanger, one end of the air outlet pipe is connected with the distillation chamber, and the dilution refrigeration module further comprises heat exchange heat sinks respectively arranged on the primary cold plate, the secondary cold plate, the tertiary cold plate and the quaternary cold plate, and all the heat exchange heat sinks can exchange heat with the air inlet pipe;
still include the level four cold screen, the level four cold screen sets up in the level three cold screen, be equipped with the level four cold plate on the opening of level four cold screen, the distillation chamber sets up on the level four cold plate, the double pipe heat exchanger step heat exchanger with the mixing chamber all sets up in the level four cold screen.
According to the large-cooling-capacity dilution refrigeration system for liquid helium closed circulation precooling, the helium recovery mechanism comprises a first recovery branch pipe and a second recovery branch pipe, the first recovery branch pipe is positioned in the liquid helium tank, and the second recovery branch pipe is positioned in the superfluid liquid helium tank.
According to the large-cooling-capacity dilution refrigeration system for liquid helium closed-cycle precooling, the second recovery branch pipe is provided with the vacuum pump.
According to the large-cooling-capacity dilution refrigeration system for liquid helium closed-cycle precooling, the air inlet pipe is wound on each heat exchange heat sink.
According to the large-cooling-capacity dilution refrigeration system for liquid helium closed-cycle precooling, a valve for adjusting the flow of liquid helium is arranged on a pipeline connected with the liquid helium tank and the superfluid liquid helium tank.
The large-cooling-capacity dilution refrigeration system for liquid helium closed-cycle precooling provided by the utility model further comprises an adjusting rod for adjusting the valve, and the end part of the adjusting rod is arranged outside the thermostat.
According to the large-cooling-capacity dilution refrigeration system for liquid helium closed-cycle precooling, the liquid helium pool is arranged on the lower surface of the secondary cooling plate, and the superfluid liquid helium pool is arranged on the lower surface of the tertiary cooling plate.
The large-cooling-capacity dilution refrigeration system for liquid helium closed-cycle precooling provided by the utility model further comprises a vacuumizing device for vacuumizing the thermostat.
The utility model provides a large-cooling-capacity dilution refrigeration system for liquid helium closed-cycle precooling, which comprises a precooling module and a dilution refrigeration module, wherein the precooling module can be provided with sufficient precooling conditions by three-stage cooling in the precooling module, and a primary cold plate adopts 4 Cold energy precooling of He steam, and a secondary cold plate is adopted in a liquid ammonia tank 4 He evaporation latent heat precooling, and three-stage cold plate is arranged in an overflow ammonia liquid pool 4 Pre-cooling by using evaporation latent heat of He; diluting the refrigeration module and then heatingThe degree is reduced to a set value, and the helium recovery mechanism can recover the evaporated helium into the helium liquefier and repeatedly introduce the helium into the liquid helium pool to form a liquid helium closed circulation structure, so that the precooling cold quantity can be improved by improving the liquid helium circulation flow, and the large-cold quantity dilution refrigeration system with different refrigeration performances can be realized. In addition, the helium liquefier with larger volume is arranged outside the thermostat, and the helium liquefier has the advantages of concentrated refrigeration, low energy consumption, small vibration interference and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the utility model or the technical solutions of the prior art, the following description will briefly explain the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the utility model, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a liquid helium closed-cycle precooling high-refrigeration dilution refrigeration system provided by the utility model.
Reference numerals:
1. helium liquefier; 2. a thermostat; 3. a first-stage cold screen; 4. a secondary cold screen; 5. three-stage cold screen; 6. a first-stage cold plate; 7. a second-stage cold plate; 8. a third-stage cold plate; 9. a liquid helium pool; 10. an overflow liquid helium pool; 11. a distillation chamber; 12. a double pipe heat exchanger; 13. a step heat exchanger; 14. a mixing chamber; 15. an air outlet pipe; 16. a dilution refrigeration external circulation system; 17. an air inlet pipe; 18. a heat exchange heat sink; 19. a four-stage cold screen; 20. a four-stage cold plate; 21. a first recovery branch pipe; 22. a second recovery branch pipe; 23. a vacuum pump; 24. a valve; 25. and (5) adjusting the rod.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present utility model more apparent, the technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present utility model, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.
In the description of the embodiments of the present utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the embodiments of the present utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In describing embodiments of the present utility model, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "coupled," "coupled," and "connected" should be construed broadly, and may be either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. The specific meaning of the above terms in embodiments of the present utility model will be understood in detail by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In embodiments of the utility model, unless expressly specified and limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" on a second feature may be that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact via an intervening medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be a first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiments of the present utility model. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
The liquid helium closed cycle precooling high-refrigeration dilution refrigeration system of the utility model is described below with reference to fig. 1.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a liquid helium closed-cycle precooling high-refrigeration dilution refrigeration system according to the present utility model. The large-cooling-capacity dilution refrigeration system for liquid helium closed-cycle precooling of the embodiment comprises a precooling module and a dilution refrigeration module:
the precooling module comprises a helium liquefier 1, a thermostat 2 and a helium recovery mechanism, wherein a primary cold screen 3 is arranged in the thermostat 2, a secondary cold screen 4 is arranged in the primary cold screen 3, a tertiary cold screen 5 is arranged in the secondary cold screen 4, a primary cold plate 6 is arranged on the primary cold screen 3, a secondary cold plate 7 is arranged on the secondary cold screen 4, and a tertiary cold plate 8 is arranged on the tertiary cold screen 5; a liquid helium pool 9 is arranged between the second-stage cooling plate 7 and the third-stage cooling plate 8, and an overflow liquid helium pool 10 is arranged below the third-stage cooling plate 8; the helium liquefier 1 is connected with the liquid helium tank 9 through a pipeline, the liquid helium tank 9 is connected with the superfluid liquid helium tank 10 through a pipeline, and the helium recovery mechanism is used for recovering helium evaporated from the liquid helium tank 9 and the superfluid liquid helium tank 10 into the helium liquefier 1;
the dilution refrigeration module comprises a distillation chamber 11, a double-pipe heat exchanger 12, a step heat exchanger 13, a mixing chamber 14, an air outlet pipe 15, a dilution refrigeration external circulation system 16 and an air inlet pipe 17, wherein the distillation chamber 11, the double-pipe heat exchanger 12, the step heat exchanger 13 and the mixing chamber 14 are sequentially connected, the air outlet pipe 15, the dilution refrigeration external circulation system 16 and the air inlet pipe 17 are sequentially connected, one end of the air inlet pipe 17 is connected with an inlet of the double-pipe heat exchanger 12, one end of the air outlet pipe 15 is connected with the distillation chamber 11, and the dilution refrigeration module further comprises heat exchange heat sinks 18 which are respectively arranged on a first-stage cold plate 6, a second-stage cold plate 7, a third-stage cold plate 8 and a fourth-stage cold plate 20, and all the heat exchange heat sinks 18 can exchange heat with the air inlet pipe 17;
the four-stage cold screen (19) is further included, the four-stage cold screen (19) is arranged in the three-stage cold screen (5), a four-stage cold plate (20) is arranged on an opening of the four-stage cold screen (19), the distillation chamber (11) is arranged on the four-stage cold plate (20), and the double pipe heat exchanger (12), the step heat exchanger (13) and the mixing chamber (14) are all arranged in the four-stage cold screen (19).
Specifically, each heat exchange heat sink 18 located on the first-stage cold plate 6, the second-stage cold plate 7, the third-stage cold plate 8 and the fourth-stage cold plate 20 exchanges heat with the corresponding cold plate, the heat exchange heat sink 18 exchanges heat with the air outlet pipe 15, and because the distillation chamber 11 is communicated with the air outlet pipe 15, the medium in the distillation chamber 11 can indirectly exchange heat with the first-stage cold plate 6, the second-stage cold plate 7, the third-stage cold plate 8 and the fourth-stage cold plate 20. In the embodiment of the present utility model, the heat exchange heat sinks 18 are made of copper columns with excellent heat conduction properties, and each heat exchange heat sink 18 is correspondingly installed on the first-stage cold plate 6, the second-stage cold plate 7, the third-stage cold plate 8 and the fourth-stage cold plate 20, and the installation mode of the heat exchange heat sink 18 is not limited in the embodiment, and may be welding, threaded connection or riveting during specific implementation. The double pipe heat exchanger 12 and the step heat exchanger 13 are used for the dense phase 3 He and dilute phase 3 He- 4 He exchanges heat.
According to the large-cooling-capacity dilution refrigeration system for liquid helium closed-cycle precooling, provided by the utility model, sufficient precooling conditions can be provided for the dilution refrigeration module through three-stage cooling in the precooling module, and the primary cold plate 6 adopts 4 The cold energy of He steam is pre-cooled, and a secondary cold plate 7 is arranged in a liquid ammonia tank 9 4 He evaporation latent heat precooling, and a three-stage cold plate 8 is adopted in an overflow ammonia liquid pool 10 4 Pre-cooling by using evaporation latent heat of He; the temperature of the dilution refrigeration module is reduced to a set value, and the helium recovery mechanism can recover the evaporated helium into the helium liquefier 1 and repeatedly introduce the helium into the liquid helium tank 9 to form liquid helium closed circulationBy adopting the structure, the precooling cooling capacity can be improved by improving the circulating flow of liquid helium, and the large-cooling-capacity dilution refrigeration system with different refrigeration performances can be realized. The cold screens at all levels are arranged in a step-by-step nesting mode, so that the system is compact in structure and strong in expansibility. In addition, the helium liquefier 1 with larger volume is arranged outside the thermostat 2, and the helium liquefier has the advantages of concentrated refrigeration, low energy consumption, small vibration interference and the like.
In the embodiment of the utility model, the helium recovery mechanism comprises a first recovery branch pipe 21 and a second recovery branch pipe 22, wherein the first recovery branch pipe 21 is positioned in the liquid helium tank 9, and the second recovery branch pipe 22 is positioned in the superfluid liquid helium tank 10. Specifically, the inlet ends of the first recovery branch pipe 21 and the second recovery branch pipe 22 are respectively positioned at the upper parts of the liquid helium tank 9 and the superfluid liquid helium tank 10, so that helium at the upper parts of the liquid helium tank 9 and the superfluid liquid helium tank 10 can be recovered conveniently.
In the embodiment of the utility model, the second recovery branch pipe 22 is provided with a vacuum pump 23. The vacuum pump 23 may vacuum the superfluid liquid helium bath 10 so that the superfluid liquid helium bath 10 is in a low pressure state.
In the embodiment of the utility model, the air outlet pipe 15 is wound on each heat exchange heat sink 18. The contact area between the air outlet pipe 15 and the heat exchange heat sink 18 can be effectively increased, and the contact surface between the air outlet pipe 15 and the heat exchange heat sink 18 can be fixed in a welding mode.
In the embodiment of the utility model, a valve 24 for adjusting the flow rate of liquid helium is arranged on a pipeline connected with the liquid helium tank 9 and the superfluid liquid helium tank 10. By providing the valve 24, the communication and closing of the pipeline between the liquid helium tank 9 and the superfluid liquid helium tank 10 can be controlled, the flow rate of liquid helium can be regulated, and the evaporation rate of superfluid helium can reach an equilibrium state by regulating the valve 24 and maintaining stable liquid helium flowing into the superfluid liquid helium tank 10. In this embodiment, the valve 24 may be a needle valve.
In the embodiment of the utility model, the thermostat further comprises an adjusting rod 25 for adjusting the valve 24, and the end of the adjusting rod 25 is arranged outside the thermostat 2. The valve 24 is convenient to directly control outside the thermostat 2, and the operation is simple and convenient.
In the embodiment of the utility model, a liquid helium tank 9 is arranged on the lower surface of the secondary cooling plate 7, and an overflow liquid helium tank 10 is arranged on the lower surface of the tertiary cooling plate 8. Specifically, in this embodiment, the bolt/nail liquid helium tank 9 and the superfluid liquid helium tank 10 are respectively and fixedly installed on the lower surface of the secondary cold plate 7 and the lower surface of the tertiary cold plate 8, and the open ends of the liquid helium tank 9 and the superfluid liquid helium tank 10 are opposite to the lower surface of the secondary cold plate 7 and the lower surface of the tertiary cold plate 8, so that the liquid helium is convenient to cool the secondary cold plate 7 and the tertiary cold plate 8.
In the embodiment of the utility model, the liquid helium closed-cycle precooling high-refrigeration dilution refrigeration system also comprises a vacuumizing device for vacuumizing the thermostat 2. During refrigeration, a high vacuum environment can be maintained in the thermostat 2 by means of a vacuum-pumping device. In this embodiment, the vacuum pumping apparatus is exemplified by a vacuum pump unit.
According to the liquid helium closed circulation precooling large-cooling-capacity dilution refrigeration system, a vacuum pumping device is utilized to maintain a high-vacuum environment in the thermostat 2; 3 he enters the thermostat 2, is cooled step by a primary cold plate 6, a secondary cold plate 7 and a tertiary cold plate 8, and then enters a dilution refrigeration module for dilution refrigeration. The lower surface of the second-stage cold plate 7 is provided with a liquid helium tank 9, the lower surface of the third-stage cold plate 8 is provided with an overflow liquid helium tank 10, and working media in the liquid helium tank 9 and the overflow liquid helium tank 10 are respectively 4 He, liquid helium pool 9 is in normal pressure state, and liquid state therein 4 He naturally evaporates, and the superfluid helium liquid helium pool 9 maintains a low pressure state in the pool through a vacuum pump 23 arranged on a second recovery branch pipe 22. The primary cold plate 6 is recovered by 4 The cold energy of He vapor maintains a low temperature state, and the liquid helium pool 9 and the superfluid liquid helium pool 10 evaporate 4 He vapor is collected into the same line outside the thermostat 2 through the first recovery branch pipe 21 and the second recovery branch pipe 22, respectively, and is re-fed into the helium liquefier 1. 4 He vapor is re-liquefied in the helium liquefier 1 and then conveyed back into the liquid helium pool 9 through a pipeline. The liquid helium pool 9 is connected with the superfluid helium pool through a pipeline, and a needle valve is arranged on the pipeline and used for adjusting the flow of liquid helium between the liquid helium pool 9 and the superfluid liquid helium pool 10 and controlling the on-off of the pipeline. 3 He gas is cooled to 1.5K by the precooling module and then enters the dilution refrigeration module, and the dilution refrigeration process occurs in the dilution refrigeration module, thereby realizingAnd refrigerating in milli-heating area.
The refrigeration principle of the dilution refrigeration module is as follows: 3 He、 4 when the mixture of He is above 0.86K, the solution 3 He can be dissolved in the liquid 4 In He, but when the temperature of the mixed solution is reduced to below 0.86K, the mixed solution separates into two phases, which contain 3 He is a phase of concentrated phase 3 The phase with less He is referred to as the dilute phase. At any temperature below 0.86K corresponds to a certain 3 Dilute and concentrated phases of He content and phase equilibrium is reached. When removed from the dilute phase 3 In the He atomic phase, to maintain the balance of the two phases, the mixture is concentrated into a phase 3 He enters the dilute phase through the phase interface to replenish the removed 3 He atoms. Can be calculated to 3 He has a much greater enthalpy and entropy in the dilute phase than in the concentrate phase. This dilution process requires heat absorption.
From the schematic of the liquid helium closed-cycle precooling high-refrigeration dilution refrigeration system provided by the present utility model, the chamber containing the phase interface is referred to as the mixing chamber 14, 3 he atoms pass through the phase interface from the concentrated phase to the diluted phase to absorb heat and cool, so that the temperature is reduced. The chamber containing the free surface of the dilute phase is called distillation chamber 11 and is maintained at a temperature of 0.6 to 0.8K. At this time 3 The saturated vapor pressure of He is much higher than 4 The saturated vapor pressure of He can be pumped away by an aspirator, when the phase is concentrated 3 He atoms enter the diluted phase continuously through the phase interface and are pumped away 3 He is condensed and replenished into the concentrated phase to form a cycle, thereby continuously operating the dilution refrigeration module.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present utility model, and are not limiting; although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present utility model.
Claims (8)
1. The large-cooling-capacity dilution refrigeration system for liquid helium closed-cycle precooling is characterized by comprising a precooling module and a dilution refrigeration module:
the precooling module comprises a helium liquefier, a thermostat and a helium recovery mechanism, wherein a primary cold screen is arranged in the thermostat, a secondary cold screen is arranged in the primary cold screen, a tertiary cold screen is arranged in the secondary cold screen, a primary cold plate is arranged on the primary cold screen, a secondary cold plate is arranged on the secondary cold screen, and a tertiary cold plate is arranged on the tertiary cold screen; a liquid helium pool is arranged between the secondary cooling plate and the tertiary cooling plate, and an overflow liquid helium pool is arranged below the tertiary cooling plate; the helium liquefier is connected with the liquid helium tank through a pipeline, the liquid helium tank is connected with the superfluid liquid helium tank through a pipeline, and the helium recovery mechanism is used for recovering helium evaporated from the liquid helium tank and the superfluid liquid helium tank into the helium liquefier;
the dilution refrigeration module comprises a distillation chamber, a double-pipe heat exchanger, a step heat exchanger, a mixing chamber, an air outlet pipe, a dilution refrigeration external circulation system and an air inlet pipe, wherein the distillation chamber, the double-pipe heat exchanger, the step heat exchanger and the mixing chamber are sequentially connected, the air outlet pipe, the dilution refrigeration external circulation system and the air inlet pipe are sequentially connected, one end of the air inlet pipe is connected with an inlet of the double-pipe heat exchanger, one end of the air outlet pipe is connected with the distillation chamber, and the dilution refrigeration module further comprises heat exchange heat sinks respectively arranged on the first-stage cold plate, the second-stage cold plate, the third-stage cold plate and the fourth-stage cold plate, and all the heat exchange heat sinks can exchange heat with the air inlet pipe;
still include the level four cold screen, the level four cold screen sets up in the level three cold screen, be equipped with the level four cold plate on the opening of level four cold screen, the distillation chamber sets up on the level four cold plate, the double pipe heat exchanger step heat exchanger with the mixing chamber all sets up in the level four cold screen.
2. The liquid helium closed cycle precooling high-refrigeration dilution refrigeration system according to claim 1, wherein the helium recovery mechanism comprises a first recovery branch pipe and a second recovery branch pipe, wherein the first recovery branch pipe is located in the liquid helium tank, and the second recovery branch pipe is located in the superfluid liquid helium tank.
3. The liquid helium closed cycle precooling high-refrigeration-capacity dilution refrigeration system according to claim 2, wherein a vacuum pump is arranged on the second recovery branch pipe.
4. The liquid helium closed cycle precooling high-refrigeration dilution refrigeration system according to claim 1, wherein the air inlet pipe is wound on each heat exchange heat sink.
5. The liquid helium closed cycle precooling high-refrigeration dilution refrigeration system according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein a valve for adjusting liquid helium flow is arranged on a pipeline connecting the liquid helium tank and the superfluid liquid helium tank.
6. The liquid helium closed cycle precooling high-refrigeration dilution refrigeration system according to claim 5, further comprising an adjusting rod for adjusting said valve, an end of said adjusting rod being disposed outside said thermostat.
7. The liquid helium closed cycle precooling high-refrigeration dilution refrigeration system according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein said liquid helium bath is disposed on a lower surface of said secondary cold plate and said superfluid liquid helium bath is disposed on a lower surface of said tertiary cold plate.
8. The liquid helium closed cycle precooling high-refrigeration dilution refrigeration system according to any one of claims 1-4, further comprising a vacuum-pumping device for pumping vacuum within said thermostat.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202320417167.2U CN219829147U (en) | 2023-02-28 | 2023-02-28 | Large-cooling-capacity dilution refrigeration system for liquid helium closed-cycle precooling |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202320417167.2U CN219829147U (en) | 2023-02-28 | 2023-02-28 | Large-cooling-capacity dilution refrigeration system for liquid helium closed-cycle precooling |
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| CN202320417167.2U Active CN219829147U (en) | 2023-02-28 | 2023-02-28 | Large-cooling-capacity dilution refrigeration system for liquid helium closed-cycle precooling |
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