Air expansion power generation system
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technology in the field of air expansion power generation systems, in particular to an air expansion power generation system.
Background
The low-temperature heat energy refers to heat energy with relatively low grade, the general temperature is lower than 350 ℃, and the energy sources are various and comprise renewable energy sources such as solar heat energy, various industrial waste heat, geothermal energy, ocean temperature difference and the like; meanwhile, the total amount is huge, taking industrial waste heat as an example, statistics indicate that approximately 50% of heat energy utilized by human beings is finally directly discharged in a low-grade waste heat form. The medium-low temperature heat energy is directly discharged to the environment in many cases because of low power generation teaching rate and great technical utilization difficulty, so that a great amount of waste is caused. The utilization and recovery of the part of energy are beneficial to solving the energy problem in China and reducing the environmental pollution in the energy production process.
Later on the market, a system for recycling boiler exhaust gas waste heat based on a screw expander appears, for example CN203383865U, which comprises a flue gas heat exchanger arranged on a boiler flue, wherein a pipeline pump set, a water intake electric regulating valve, a check valve, a manual stop valve, a condensate pump and a condenser are sequentially arranged in an inlet pipeline of the flue gas heat exchanger, the boiler exhaust gas waste heat is absorbed by condensate water, and the low-grade heat energy of the part is converted into electric energy by a screw expander driving generator, so that the purpose of energy conservation is achieved, but the system for recycling the boiler exhaust gas waste heat based on the screw expander has the following defects:
the mode that the heat of the waste heat flue gas is absorbed and is introduced into the screw expander to drive the generator to generate power is complicated, and although the screw expander can drive the generator to convert part of low-grade heat energy into electric energy, after the conversion is completed once, part of heat is still not fully utilized and recovered, so that heat energy is wasted.
Therefore, a new technical solution is needed to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present utility model aims at overcoming the drawbacks of the prior art, and its primary objective is to provide an air expansion power generation system, which can release most or all of the compressed air pressure to obtain most or all of the stored energy, so that the energy storage utilization rate of the system is high, and the power generation efficiency of the system is high.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
an air expansion power generation system comprises an air compressor, a first air expansion power generation system and a second air expansion power generation system; the output end of the air compressor is connected with the input end of the first air expansion power generation system; the output end of the first air expansion power generation system is connected with the input end of the second air expansion power generation system;
the first air expansion power generation system comprises a first-stage low-temperature preheater, a first-stage heater, a first-stage waste heat heater and a first-stage expander; the second air expansion power generation system comprises a second-stage low-temperature preheater, a second-stage heater, a second-stage waste heat heater and a second-stage expander;
the output of air compressor connects in the input of one-level low temperature pre-heater, the output of one-level low temperature pre-heater is connected in the input of one-level heater, the output of one-level heater is connected in the input of one-level waste heat heater, the output of one-level waste heat heater is connected in the input of one-level expander, the output of one-level expander is connected in the input of second grade low temperature pre-heater through change over valve, the output of second grade low temperature pre-heater is connected in the input of second grade heater, the output of second grade heater is connected in the input of second grade waste heat heater, the output of second grade waste heat heater is connected in the input of second grade expander.
As a preferred embodiment, the first air expansion power generation system is arranged in series with the second air expansion power generation system.
As a preferable scheme, the air storage device further comprises an air storage device and a compressed air storage tank, wherein the output end of the air compressor is connected with the input end of the air storage device, and the output end of the air storage device is connected with the input end of the primary low-temperature preheater.
As a preferable scheme, the output end of the gas storage device is also provided with a gas storage valve.
As a preferable scheme, the output end of the primary expansion machine is connected with a compressed air storage tank through a bypass pipeline, and a compressed air valve is further arranged on the bypass pipeline.
As a preferred solution, the second air expansion power generation system further comprises a switching valve, and the switching valve is disposed on the input end of the secondary low-temperature preheater.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has obvious advantages and beneficial effects, in particular, the technical scheme is that the air compressor, the first air expansion power generation system and the second air expansion power generation system are mainly designed and matched through the structure, and the output end of the air compressor is connected with the input end of the first air expansion power generation system; the output end of the first air expansion power generation system is connected with the input end of the second air expansion power generation system; air directly enters the air storage device through the air compressor, when energy is required to be released, the air storage valve is opened, high-pressure air firstly enters the first-stage low-temperature preheater for preheating, the warmed high-pressure air enters the first-stage heater for heating, then enters the first-stage waste heat heater for heating to a high-temperature state, and the first-stage waste heat heater can effectively utilize part of waste heat to heat compressed air, so that the energy storage and power generation efficiency is improved; the compressed air with high temperature and high pressure enters the primary expander to expand and generate electricity, the low-pressure air passing through the primary expander can enter the secondary low-temperature preheater to be preheated through the conversion valve, the warmed high-pressure air enters the secondary heater to be heated, then enters the secondary waste heat heater to be heated to a high-temperature state, and the compressed air with high temperature and low pressure enters the secondary expander to expand and generate electricity again, so that most or all of the compressed air pressure can be released, most or all of stored energy is obtained, the energy storage utilization rate of the system is high, and the power generation efficiency of the system is high. The problems that in the prior art, the mode that the heat of the waste heat flue gas is introduced into the screw expander to drive the generator to generate power is complicated and after one-time conversion is completed, part of heat is still not fully utilized and recovered, so that heat energy is wasted are solved.
In order to more clearly illustrate the structural features and efficacy of the present utility model, the present utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a connection structure and a process flow according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 2 is a schematic process flow diagram of an application structure according to an embodiment of the utility model.
The attached drawings are used for identifying and describing:
11. air compressor 12, primary heat exchanger
13. Primary cooler 14, booster compressor
15. Secondary heat exchanger 16 and gas storage device
17. Gas storage valve 21 and primary high-temperature heat storage tank
22. Primary low-temperature heat storage tank 23 and primary working medium pump
31. Second-stage high-temperature heat storage tank 32 and second-stage low-temperature heat storage tank
33. Second-stage working medium pump 41 and first-stage low-temperature preheater
42. Primary heater 43 and primary waste heat heater
44. First-stage expander 45 and conversion valve
46. Secondary low temperature preheater 47 and secondary heater
48. Secondary waste heat heater 49 and secondary expander
51. Compressed air valve 52, compressed air storage tank.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 to 2, specific structures of embodiments of the present utility model are shown.
In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that, for the azimuth words, terms such as "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc., indicate azimuth and positional relationships as shown based on the drawings or when worn normally, only for convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element to be referred must have a specific azimuth, be configured and operated in a specific azimuth, and should not be construed as limiting the specific protection scope of the present utility model.
An air expansion power generation system comprises an air compressor 11, a first air expansion power generation system and a second air expansion power generation system.
The output end of the air compressor 11 is connected with the input end of the first air expansion power generation system; the output end of the first air expansion power generation system is connected with the input end of the second air expansion power generation system. Preferably, the first air expansion power generation system is arranged in series with the second air expansion power generation system.
The first air expansion power generation system comprises a first-stage low-temperature preheater 41, a first-stage heater 42, a first-stage waste heat heater 43 and a first-stage expander 44; the second air expansion power generation system comprises a secondary low-temperature preheater 46, a secondary heater 47, a secondary waste heat heater 48 and a secondary expander 49.
The output end of the air compressor 11 is connected to the input end of the primary low-temperature preheater 41, the output end of the primary low-temperature preheater 41 is connected to the input end of the primary heater 42, the output end of the primary heater 42 is connected to the input end of the primary waste heat heater 43, the output end of the primary waste heat heater 43 is connected to the input end of the primary expander 44, and the output end of the primary expander 44 is connected to the input end of the secondary low-temperature preheater 46 through the switching valve 45, preferably, the output end of the primary expander 44 is connected to the compressed air storage tank 52 through a bypass pipeline, and the bypass pipeline is further provided with the compressed air valve 51. The primary low-temperature preheater 41 is used for preheating low-temperature air to about 40-70 ℃ by using industrial low-temperature hot water, such as slag flushing water of a steel mill, low-pressure steam of a heating furnace and the like, and fully utilizes low-temperature waste heat which is difficult to be utilized by industry. The air passes through the primary low-temperature preheater 41 and then enters the primary heater 42, the primary heater 42 is provided with heat by the air heat storage system, and the air is warmed again. Then the air enters a primary waste heat heater 43, the heat source of the primary waste heat heater is provided by industrial high-temperature waste heat, such as high-temperature flue gas of a cement kiln and a steel mill, the primary waste heat heater 43 can be utilized to effectively utilize the partial waste heat, the compressed air is heated, and the energy storage power generation efficiency is improved. The air after the primary waste heat heater 43 is heated to a higher temperature, and then enters the primary expander 44 for expansion power generation, and the generated power is provided for industrial users.
The output end of the secondary low-temperature preheater 46 is connected to the input end of the secondary heater 47, the output end of the secondary heater 47 is connected to the input end of the secondary waste heat heater 48, and the output end of the secondary waste heat heater 48 is connected to the input end of the secondary expander 49. Preferably, the second air expansion power generation system further comprises a switching valve 45, said switching valve 45 being arranged at the input of the secondary cryogenic preheater 46. The high-temperature high-pressure air passes through the primary expander 44 and then the pressure drops to the air pressure for the compressed air system, so that the high-temperature high-pressure air becomes low-pressure air, and the low-pressure air is controlled by the switching valve 45 and the compressed air valve 51 to go to the next link. When the energy storage discharge is needed, the conversion valve 45 is opened, the compressed air valve 51 is closed, the low-pressure air passes through the secondary low-temperature preheater 46 and then enters the secondary heater 47, the primary heater is provided with heat by the air heat storage system, and the air is warmed again. Then the air enters a secondary waste heat heater 48, the heat source of the secondary waste heat heater is provided by industrial high-temperature waste heat, the air after the secondary waste heat heater 48 is heated to a higher temperature, and then enters a secondary expander 49 to expand and generate electricity, and the generated electricity is provided for industrial users.
The air compressor is characterized by further comprising an air storage device 16 and a compressed air storage tank 52, wherein the output end of the air compressor 11 is connected to the input end of the air storage device 16, and the output end of the air storage device 16 is connected to the input end of the primary low-temperature preheater 41. The output end of the gas storage device 16 is also provided with a gas storage valve 17. When the energy is required to be released, the air storage valve 17 is opened, high-pressure air firstly enters the first-stage low-temperature preheater 41 for preheating, the warmed high-pressure air enters the first-stage heater 42 for heating, then enters the first-stage waste heat heater 43 for heating to a high-temperature state, and the high-temperature high-pressure compressed air enters the first-stage expander 44 for expansion power generation. The low-pressure air passing through the primary expander 44 can enter the secondary low-temperature preheater 46 through the switching valve 45 for preheating, the warmed high-pressure air enters the secondary heater 47 for heating, then enters the secondary waste heat heater 48 for heating to a high-temperature state, and the high-temperature low-pressure compressed air enters the secondary expander 49 for expansion power generation again.
When the air expansion power generation system is applied to an energy storage system based on an industrial compressed air system, the energy storage system based on the industrial compressed air system comprises an air pressurizing system and a heat storage system, and the output end of the air pressurizing system is connected with the input end of the air expansion power generation system through the heat storage system; the heat storage system comprises a first heat storage device and a second heat storage device.
The air pressurizing system comprises a primary heat exchanger 12, a primary cooler 13, a pressurizing compressor 14, a secondary heat exchanger 15, a gas storage device 16 and a gas storage valve 17. After the air is boosted by the air compressor 11 of the original compressed air system, the low-pressure air firstly enters the first-stage heat exchanger 12 to exchange heat, the cooled low-pressure air enters the first-stage cooler 13 to be cooled, and the cooled low-pressure air enters the air booster compressor 14 to be boosted. Compressed air with the same high pressure and high temperature enters the secondary heat exchanger 15 to exchange heat, cooled high-pressure air enters the air storage device to be stored, and meanwhile, the air storage valve 17 controls the compressed air to deflate and generate power. Compared with other industrial compressed air systems, the air compressed air system in the original system is utilized, and investment is reduced. After being improved into an energy storage system, the air supply stability can be enhanced, and the operation cost of the compressed air system is reduced. Compared with other compressed air systems, the system has the energy storage function, waste heat in an industrial system is fully utilized, energy is saved, environment is protected, carbon emission is reduced, the power generation efficiency of the energy storage system is increased, the efficiency of a common compressed air energy storage system is about 50% -70%, the power generation efficiency of the energy storage system is about 90% -120%, and the efficiency of the energy storage system is higher than that of a traditional compressed air energy storage system by nearly 50%. Compared with other compressed air systems, the system can reduce the peak load on the power grid, and can release electric energy at the power peak to reduce the load on the power grid, so that industrial projects can be operated continuously. After the novel compressed air system of the industrial user in the whole country is operated, the novel compressed air system has a great supporting effect on the transformation of the new energy structure, and can support the double-carbon policy from the user side.
The first heat storage device comprises a first-stage high-temperature heat storage tank 21 and a first-stage low-temperature heat storage tank 22, wherein the input end of the first-stage high-temperature heat storage tank 21 is connected with the input end of the first-stage heat exchanger 12, the output end of the first-stage high-temperature heat storage tank 21 is connected with a second-stage heater 47, the output end of the second-stage heater 47 is also connected with the output end of the first-stage low-temperature heat storage tank 22, and the input end of the first-stage low-temperature heat storage tank 22 is connected with the output end of the first-stage heat exchanger 12 to form circulation; preferably, the first heat storage device further comprises a primary working medium pump 23, and the primary working medium pump 23 is disposed at the input end of the primary low-temperature heat storage tank 22.
The second heat storage device comprises a second-stage high-temperature heat storage tank 31 and a second-stage low-temperature heat storage tank 32; the input end of the secondary high-temperature heat storage tank 31 is connected to the input end of the secondary heat exchanger 15, the output end of the secondary heat exchanger 15 is connected to the output end of the primary heater 42, the input end of the primary heater 42 is connected to the output end of the secondary low-temperature heat storage tank 32, and the input end of the secondary low-temperature heat storage tank 32 is connected to the output end of the secondary heat exchanger 15 to form a cycle. Preferably, the second heat storage device further includes a secondary working medium pump 33, and the secondary working medium pump 33 is disposed at an input end of the secondary low-temperature heat storage tank 32.
The design focus of the utility model is that the utility model mainly adopts the structural design and the cooperation among an air compressor, a first air expansion power generation system and a second air expansion power generation system, wherein the output end of the air compressor is connected with the input end of the first air expansion power generation system; the output end of the first air expansion power generation system is connected with the input end of the second air expansion power generation system; air directly enters the air storage device through the air compressor, when energy is required to be released, the air storage valve is opened, high-pressure air firstly enters the first-stage low-temperature preheater for preheating, the warmed high-pressure air enters the first-stage heater for heating, then enters the first-stage waste heat heater for heating to a high-temperature state, and the first-stage waste heat heater can effectively utilize part of waste heat to heat compressed air, so that the energy storage power generation efficiency is improved. The compressed air with high temperature and high pressure enters the primary expander to expand and generate electricity, the low-pressure air passing through the primary expander can enter the secondary low-temperature preheater to be preheated through the conversion valve, the warmed high-pressure air enters the secondary heater to be heated, then enters the secondary waste heat heater to be heated to a high-temperature state, and the compressed air with high temperature and low pressure enters the secondary expander to expand and generate electricity again, so that most or all of the compressed air pressure can be released, most or all of stored energy is obtained, the energy storage utilization rate of the system is high, and the power generation efficiency of the system is high. The problems that in the prior art, the mode that the heat of the waste heat flue gas is introduced into the screw expander to drive the generator to generate power is complicated and after one-time conversion is completed, part of heat is still not fully utilized and recovered, so that heat energy is wasted are solved.
The foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, and is not intended to limit the technical scope of the present utility model, so any minor modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical principles of the present utility model are still within the scope of the technical solutions of the present utility model.