CN219823877U - Ecological restoration type sponge river channel system with low water level and high steady state - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a low-water-level high-steady-state ecological restoration type sponge river channel system which comprises an ecological filtering dam arranged at the upstream of a river channel and a rubber dam arranged at the downstream of the river channel, wherein a submerged plant purification belt is arranged on the river bed of the river channel between the ecological filtering dam and the rubber dam, ecological floating beds are arranged on water bodies on two sides, deep ponds and shoals are arranged on the two sides, the deep ponds are provided with an insect-grass-fish-bacteria symbiotic system, and emergent aquatic plants are planted on the shoals. The ecological filtering dam and the rubber dam are respectively positioned at the upstream and downstream of a main river channel, the two dam bodies are repaired by adopting river bed bottom mud and provided with the submerged plant purifying zone, ecological floating beds are distributed at two sides of the main river channel, a river channel bypass is provided with a deep pool-shoal, an insect-grass-fish-bacteria symbiotic system is constructed in the deep pool, various emergent aquatic plants are planted in the shoal, runoffs are regulated by utilizing upstream ecological water supplementing, gate station combined control and the like, and the retention time of enough waterpower in the deep pool and the shoal is ensured.

Description

Ecological restoration type sponge river channel system with low water level and high steady state

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of river water body treatment, in particular to a low-water-level and high-steady-state ecological restoration type sponge river system.

Background

The traditional measures of dredging river channel, throwing of prefabricated microbial inoculum, setting of off-site treatment facilities, diversion and water regulation and the like have high manufacturing cost, complex daily operation, cannot guarantee long-term effect, can cause secondary pollution and do not accord with natural ecological rules. Patent CN 216863777U discloses a river ecological restoration system based on sponge city concept, and the equipment has higher requirement on upstream water supply, needs to convert potential energy into mechanical energy to achieve the purpose of oxygenation, is difficult to effectively maintain operation in dry season or dry season, and is slow in ecological system construction and lacks certain applicability. Therefore, the utility model provides the ecological restoration type sponge river system with low water level and high steady state.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a low-water-level and high-steady-state ecological restoration type sponge river system.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present utility model adopts the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a low water level, high steady state ecological restoration formula sponge river course system, includes the ecological dam of straining and the rubber dam of low reaches of setting up in the river course, sets up the submerged plant purification area in the river course between ecological dam of straining and rubber dam, and two bank limit waters set up ecological floating beds, and two bank limit roads set up deep pool and shoal, build "worm-grass-fish-fungus" symbiotic system in the deep pool, the emergent aquatic plant is planted in the shoal.

The ecological filtering dam and the rubber dam are respectively positioned at the upstream and downstream of a main river channel, the two dam bodies are repaired by adopting river bed bottom mud and provided with the submerged plant purifying zone, ecological floating beds are distributed at two sides of the main river channel, a river channel bypass is provided with a deep pool-shoal, an insect-grass-fish-bacteria symbiotic system is constructed in the deep pool, various emergent aquatic plants are planted in the shoal, runoffs are regulated by utilizing upstream ecological water supplementing, gate station combined control and the like, and the retention time of enough waterpower in the deep pool and the shoal is ensured.

Further, the ecological filtering dam is arranged at a height of 0.8-1.0 m. As an embodiment, the periphery of the ecological filtering dam is a net cage made of polygonal net which is formed by twisting high-quality low-carbon steel wires with the surfaces subjected to corrosion prevention treatment through a net twisting machine, filtering materials are filled in the net cage, gravel or zeolite is adopted as the filtering materials, and the particle size of the filtering materials is preferably 4-6 cm.

Further, the highest regulation water level is set at the dam crest of the rubber dam to be 0.6-0.8 m.

Further, the submerged plant purification zone adopts an artificial cutting method, the submerged plant is planted in pioneer species, and the submerged plant purification zone is planted with the gynura divaricata, the goldfish algae, the foxtail algae and the like.

Further, the distance between the deep pool and the shoal is set according to the river channel condition, and is generally controlled to be 3-10 times of the river channel width. The bottom of the deep pool is generally lower than the river bed by 0.3-0.6 m and is usually close to one bank of the river recess, and the bottom of the shallow pool is higher than the river bed by 0.3-0.5 m and is usually close to one bank of the river protrusion.

Further, the construction of an "worm-grass-fish-fungus" system in the puddle comprises: the insect is mainly algae eating insect, the grass is bitter grass and leaf black algae, the fish is preferably filter feeding fish, and the bacteria are photosynthetic bacteria, beneficial actinomycetes, beneficial bacillus, mixed microbial strains of ammonia oxidizing bacteria and the like.

Further, the water depth at the shoal is shallower, and the water depth is only 10-30 cm.

The distance between the ecological filtering dam and the rubber dam is not more than 1500m.

In the submerged plant purification zone, the planting density of the submerged plants is preferably 20-30 clusters per square meter.

Emergent aquatic plants are planted on the ecological floating bed, and the planting density is 16 plants per square meter.

The planting density of the grass in the deep pool is 25-36 clusters/square meter, and the planting water depth is 0.6-1 m.

The wet plants are planted in the shoal mainly, and the planting density is 9-16 plants per square meter.

The utility model has the beneficial effects that:

(1) The ecological filtering dam is arranged at the upstream to perform preliminary filtering, adsorb impurities and purify the upstream water, the rubber dam is arranged at the downstream to regulate the water level to ensure the normal water level in the dead water period, the traditional high water level operation of the landscape is regulated to the low water level operation, the height of the rubber dam can be regulated through inflation and deflation, so that sufficient sunlight is ensured to illuminate the river bottom, the air reoxygenation is facilitated, the river ecological system restoration and the reconstruction of the underwater forest are guided, and the river animal and plant community system is promoted to be restored.

(2) The ecological system can be constructed by combining multiple measures, namely a symbiotic ecological system consisting of zooplankton 'worm' -functional submerged plant 'grass' -macrophyte 'fish' -microbial community 'fungus' is constructed in the deep pool, continuous improvement of water environment, rapid purification after rain can be realized, the reconstruction investment cost is low, the water quality can reach the standard stably for a long time, the overall operation cost is low, and the requirements of economy and profession are comprehensively considered, so that better hydrophilic experience is brought to residents.

(3) The arrangement of the deep pool and the shallow not only can accelerate the oxidation of organic pollutants, but also can promote the speed of the nitrification and denitrification process, thereby being beneficial to improving the water recovery capacity of rivers. Meanwhile, different flow rates and survival conditions can be created, so that the structure and functions of a river ecological system are improved, the biodiversity is increased, the bypass wetland system is used for constructing various emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants, more survival spaces can be provided for organisms, the exchange of substances and energy between the water and the land is ensured, the resuspension of suspended matters and bottom mud in the water body is reduced, the transparency is improved, and the water body is deeply purified.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a river channel plane structure according to the present utility model.

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a river channel according to the present utility model.

1. An ecological filtering dam; 2. a rubber dam; 3. deep pool; 4. shoal; 41. emerging plants; 5. a submerged plant purification belt; 51. submerged plants; 52. improving the bottom mud; 6. an ecological floating bed.

Detailed Description

The present utility model will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, for the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present utility model more apparent.

The ecological restoration type sponge river channel system with low water level and high steady state shown in the combination of fig. 1-2 comprises an ecological filtering dam 1, a rubber dam 2, a deep pool 3, a shoal 4, a submerged plant purifying belt 5 and an ecological floating bed 6.

The ecological filtering dam 1 is arranged at the upstream of the river channel and is mainly used for intercepting the water sediment coming from the upstream, preliminarily filtering the water body and reducing the flow velocity in the river channel, the height is 0.8-1.0 m, the gradient of the upstream surface is preferably 1:1.5-2, and the gradient of the downstream surface is preferably 1:1. The periphery of the ecological filtering dam 1 is a net cage made of polygonal net which is formed by twisting high-quality low-carbon steel wires with the surfaces subjected to corrosion prevention treatment by a net twisting machine, filtering materials are filled in the net cage, the filtering materials are filled with gravel or zeolite, and the particle size of the filtering materials is preferably 4-6 cm. The rubber dam 2 is arranged at the downstream, the highest storage water level is 0.6-0.8 m, the height of the dam body is controlled by charging and discharging air to be used for adjusting the water level, and the normal low water level and the water retention of the river channel in the dead water period are ensured. The distance between the ecological filtering dam and the rubber dam is not more than 1500m.

The submerged plant purifying belt 5 is arranged between the ecological filtering dam 1 and the rubber dam 2 and is formed by planting submerged plants 51 on improved bottom mud 52 for in-situ restoration of river bed bottom mud between two dams. Specifically, the sediment modifier is added into the sediment of the river bed of the main river to carry out in-situ harmless repair, and the sediment is mainly disinfected, improved and activated, so that harmful species in the original eutrophic water body substrate can be killed, the pH value of the substrate is improved, and meanwhile, a plurality of beneficial microorganism strains for engineering cultivation and allocation are adopted to activate the substrate, wherein the beneficial microorganism strains are mainly as follows: photosynthetic bacteria, beneficial actinomycetes, beneficial bacillus, and mixed microbial populations of ammonia oxidizing bacteria. Planting of submerged plants 51 is carried out above the improved bottom mud 52, and artificial cutting is adopted, wherein the planting types of the submerged plants 51 are pioneer species: the planting density of the gynura divaricata, the goldfish algae, the foxtail algae and the like is preferably 20-30 clusters per square meter. The ecological floating bed 6 is placed on the water body at the bank side and is fixed by ropes. Emergent aquatic plants 41 are planted above the floating blocks of the ecological floating bed 6, and mainly comprise: canna, rhizoma acori graminei, phyllostachys praecox, cane shoots and the like, wherein the planting density is 16 plants per square meter.

The existing space or empty space of the river channel is utilized to construct a pool-shoal bypass constructed wetland system, and the distance between the pool 3 and the shoal 4 is set according to the river channel condition and is generally controlled to be 3-10 times of the river channel width. The bottom of the deep pool 3 is generally lower than 0.3-0.6 m of the river bed and is usually close to the concave position of the river channel, while the bottom of the shoal 4 is higher than 0.3-0.5 m of the river bed and is usually close to the convex position of the river channel. An "worm-grass-fish-bacteria" system was constructed in pool 3. Wherein, the insect is mainly algae eating insect, blue green algae, suspended particles and other pollutants in the water which are swallowed by algae eating insect are added to improve the transparency of the water, and meanwhile, the acidic excrement can help to change the PH value of the water, so that the alkaline water suitable for algae growth is changed into weak acidic water suitable for most submerged plants 51 to grow, necessary conditions are provided for reconstructing the submerged ecological system of the submerged plants 51, and the adding density can be selected to be 0.6-1 g/m3 according to the pollutant concentration and turbidity degree of the water. The grass in the deep pool 3 is bitter grass and black algae with planting density of 25-36 clusters/square meter and planting water depth of 0.6-1 m. Nutrient salts such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the water body are absorbed in the growth process of the submerged plant 51, other sense substances are secreted to inhibit the growth of phytoplankton, the resuspension of bottom mud is reduced, and the effect of suspended matters in the water body is reduced, so that the water body is deeply purified, and the transparency is improved. The fish is preferably filter-fed fish, the ratio of silver carp to bighead carp is generally 3:1, the stocking specification is 150-300 g/tail, the feeding density is 40-60 g/m3, and the mollusks such as snails, clams, shrimps and the like can be properly stocking to increase species diversity. The bacteria are composite microorganism strains such as photosynthetic bacteria, beneficial actinomycetes, beneficial bacillus and ammonia oxidizing bacteria.

The composite microbial flora can improve the oxidation-reduction potential of the sediment, quickly improve the sediment oxygen environment, create favorable conditions for planting the submerged plants 51, and meanwhile, the added algae-eating insects eat blue-green algae and are food of aquatic animals such as fish, shrimp and the like, so that the stability and the optimization of gradually improved water transparency are facilitated, a symbiotic system is further formed with the submerged plants 51, a water microcirculation ecological chain is finally formed, the reconstructed water ecological system is greatly stabilized, the submerged plants 51 are promoted to form communities and play the ecological water purifying function, and the construction efficiency of the water ecological system is remarkably improved.

1-2, the shallow 4 has a water depth of only 10-30 cm, and mainly comprises the following steps: reed, calamus, graptopetalum, canna, etc. with planting density of 9-16 plants per square meter.

According to the embodiment, the ecological filtering dams 1, the deep ponds 3 and the shoal 4 are scientifically distributed, the scouring or stacking phenomenon can be created for the periphery of the ecological filtering dams, the natural habitat of the deep ponds-the shoal is formed, meanwhile, the aquatic plants are planted on the bank to construct the composite aquatic plant revetment, the perching environment is improved, the river biodiversity is improved, the surface pollution can be greatly reduced through natural precipitation degradation and plant adsorption conversion, and the reconstruction and recovery of an ecological system after storm are facilitated. The river course middle stream should keep the low water level in order to ensure to provide enough illumination intensity for the submerged plant 51, its flow control should rationally utilize ecological moisturizing, gate station allies oneself with accuse, regulating runoff such as reservoir, control river course runoff flow and minimum are not more than 40% of the annual average runoff, utilize the downstream rubber dam 2 to carry out water level control, ensure that the minimum water level of the river course in the dead water period can satisfy the normal growth of submerged plant 51, and the hydraulic retention time of water is greater than 1.5d, in order to guarantee the natural precipitation of suspended solid, the removal efficiency of pollutant, water environment capacity and self-purification ability, the antipollution load ability of river course can be greatly improved through above-mentioned measure, and form the sponge ecosystem of high steady state.

In the description of the present utility model, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate or are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present utility model and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present utility model.

The above description should not be taken as limiting the scope of the utility model, and any modifications, equivalent variations and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the utility model still fall within the scope of the technical solutions of the utility model.

Claims (10)

1. The ecological restoration type sponge river channel system with low water level and high steady state is characterized by comprising an ecological filtering dam arranged at the upstream of a river channel and a rubber dam arranged at the downstream of the river channel, wherein a submerged plant purification belt is arranged on the riverbed of the river channel between the ecological filtering dam and the rubber dam, ecological floating beds are arranged on water bodies on two sides, deep ponds and shoal are arranged on the two sides, the deep ponds are provided with an insect-grass-fish-bacteria symbiotic system, and emergent aquatic plants are planted on the shoal.

2. The ecologically-restoring sponge river system of claim 1 wherein the ecological filtering dams are set to a height of 0.8 to 1.0m.

3. The ecological restoration type sponge river system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upstream surface gradient of the ecological filtering dam is 1:1.5-2, and the downstream surface gradient is 1:1.

4. The ecological restoration type sponge river system as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the periphery of the ecological filtering dam is a net cage made of polygonal net, filtering materials are filled in the net cage, the filtering materials are gravel or zeolite, and the particle size of the filtering materials is 4-6 cm.

5. The ecological restoration type sponge river system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the regulated water level of the dam top of the rubber dam is 0.6-0.8 m.

6. The ecologically-remediated sponge riverway system as recited in claim 1, wherein the distance between the pool and the shoal is 3 to 10 times the riverway width.

7. The ecologically-restoring sponge river system of claim 1 wherein the bottom of the puddle is 0.3-0.6 m below the riverbed and is disposed on a land near the riverway recess; the bottom of the shoal is 0.3-0.5 m higher than the river bed and is arranged on the bank close to the protrusion of the river channel.

8. The ecologically-remediated sponge riverway system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water depth of the shoal is 10-30 cm.

9. The ecologically-remediated sponge riverway system as recited in claim 1, wherein the distance between the ecological filter dam and the rubber dam is no more than 1500m.

10. The ecologically-remediated sponge riverway system as recited in claim 1, wherein the submerged plants of the submerged plant purification belt preferably have a planting density of 20 to 30 clusters per square meter; planting emergent aquatic plants on the ecological floating bed, wherein the planting density is 16 plants per square meter; the planting density of the grass in the deep pool is 25-36 clusters/square meter, and the planting water depth is 0.6-1 m; the wet plant is planted in the shoal, and the planting density is 9-16 plants per square meter.