CN219691552U - Large-span underground cavern roof arch surrounding rock stability control device - Google Patents
Large-span underground cavern roof arch surrounding rock stability control device Download PDFInfo
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- CN219691552U CN219691552U CN202223436139.XU CN202223436139U CN219691552U CN 219691552 U CN219691552 U CN 219691552U CN 202223436139 U CN202223436139 U CN 202223436139U CN 219691552 U CN219691552 U CN 219691552U
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- surrounding rock
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
Abstract
The utility model provides a large-span underground cavern roof arch surrounding rock stability control device, which comprises a drainage structure, an initial supporting structure and a secondary supporting structure, wherein the drainage structure is preset around an underground cavern before the underground cavern is excavated, the initial supporting structure is arranged in the process of forming the underground cavern roof arch, and the secondary supporting structure is arranged after the underground cavern roof arch is formed; the drainage structure comprises a drainage hole, a drainage gallery and a drainage hole curtain; the anchoring structure comprises a pair-penetrating anchor cable; the drainage holes are arranged above the top arch surrounding rock of the underground cavity, and the plurality of drainage holes are arranged above the underground cavity; the drainage gallery is arranged on two sides of the roof arch of the underground cavity; the drainage hole and the drainage gallery both extend along a direction of intended excavation of the underground cavern. According to the utility model, the drainage structures are arranged around the top arch of the underground cavern, so that the underground water of the surrounding rock of the top arch of the underground cavern is orderly drained in advance, and the problem that the surrounding rock of the top arch of the underground cavern is softened when meeting water to reduce the strength is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of underground cavern support, in particular to a large-span underground cavern top arch surrounding rock stability control device.
Background
The western hydropower development is limited by conditions such as topography, landform and the like, and the power station factory building mostly adopts an underground structure type; the upper reservoir of the pumped storage power station is generally positioned at the mountain top, the lower reservoir is generally positioned at the mountain foot, and the power station factory building is arranged between the two, so that an underground structure type is also adopted.
The span of the underground factory building is generally large and the size of the cavern is large under the influence of the size of the hydraulic generator equipment. Part of the power stations are limited by the arrangement condition of the hinges, and the underground factory building cannot completely avoid the weak broken rock mass. The weak broken rock mass is low in elastic modulus, low in strength and easy to soften when meeting water, and weak structural surfaces such as faults and joint cracks develop, so that the rock mass is poor in integrity, and when the roof arch part of the underground cavity is exposed, the bearing capacity of the roof arch surrounding rock bearing ring is poor, and the roof arch surrounding rock is easy to deform greatly. Therefore, the position of the underground cavity is generally adjusted as much as possible, so that the weak broken rock mass is not exposed at the top arch or is exposed only at the part of the top arch of the large-scale underground cavity, and at the moment, the surrounding rock stability of the top arch can be ensured by adopting a conventional system anchor rod and a system anchor cable. However, few projects are limited by other conditions, weak broken rock mass is exposed continuously in a large range on the top arch of the underground cavity, when underground water is rich, surrounding rock of the top arch of the underground cavity is softened and weakened due to the influence of the underground water, on one hand, the supporting force of a conventional system anchor rod and system anchor cable supporting structure is insufficient, the supporting time of the anchor cable is delayed, on the other hand, the rigidity of the supporting structure is insufficient, the surrounding rock of the top arch is easy to deform, the stability of the surrounding rock of the top arch of the underground cavity cannot be guaranteed, the safety of the underground cavity is seriously influenced, new challenges are brought to engineering design and construction, and sometimes even large-scale underground cavities cannot be built.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to provide a control device for guaranteeing stability and safety of a large-span underground cavern roof arch surrounding rock in a weak broken rock body. For this purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
a large-span underground cavern roof arch surrounding rock stability control device comprises a drainage structure, an initial supporting structure and a secondary supporting structure, wherein the drainage structure is preset around an underground cavern before the underground cavern is excavated, the initial supporting structure is arranged in the process of forming the underground cavern roof arch, and the secondary supporting structure is arranged after the underground cavern roof arch is formed; the drainage structure comprises a drainage hole, a drainage gallery and a drainage hole curtain; the anchoring structure comprises a pair-penetrating anchor cable; the drainage holes are arranged above the top arch surrounding rock of the underground cavity, and the plurality of drainage holes are arranged above the underground cavity; the drainage gallery is arranged on two sides of the roof arch of the underground cavity; the drainage hole and the drainage gallery extend along the preset excavation direction of the underground cavity; a pair-penetrating anchor cable is connected between the drainage hole and the underground cavern roof arch; a first anchor hole which is in anchor fit with the opposite-penetrating anchor cable is arranged in the drainage hole; the drainage Kong Mu is arranged in the rock body in a tower-tip shape, and the drainage hole curtain is communicated with the drainage hole and the drainage gallery to form an ordered drainage track.
Further: the interval between the drainage hole and the roof arch of the underground cavity is 23-33m.
Further: the distance between the drainage gallery and the two sides of the roof arch of the underground cavity is 30-40m.
Further: the primary support structure comprises an anchor rod system, a concrete layer and a steel bar arch rib; the concrete layer is arranged on the underground cavern roof arch; the steel bar arch ribs and the underground cavity roof arch are in the same shape, and the steel bar arch ribs are uniformly distributed in the concrete layer; the anchor rod body of the anchor rod system is arranged towards the shallow surrounding rock of the roof arch of the underground cavity through the concrete layer; the spacing of the anchor rod systems is consistent with the spacing of the reinforcement ribs.
Further: the anchor rod body of the anchor rod system is divided into a supporting part and a stress part, the supporting part stretches into the shallow surrounding rock of the top arch of the underground cavity, and the stress part is exposed out of the concrete layer.
Further: the primary support structure further comprises a prestressed anchor cable; the underground cavern roof arch is vertically provided with a second anchor hole penetrating into the rock body, the prestressed anchor cable is installed in the second anchor hole, and the prestressed anchor cable and the opposite-penetrating anchor cable are arranged in a staggered mode.
Further: the secondary supporting structure comprises a reinforced concrete lining layer; the reinforced concrete lining layer is arranged on the surface of the concrete layer in a covering manner; connecting steel bars are arranged in the anchor piers of the opposite-penetrating anchor cable and the pre-stressed anchor cable, and the pre-stressed anchor cable and the anchor pier part of the opposite-penetrating anchor cable are fixedly connected with the reinforced concrete lining layer through the connecting steel bars.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:
according to the utility model, the drainage structures are arranged around the top arch of the underground cavern, so that underground water of the surrounding rock of the top arch of the underground cavern is orderly drained in advance, and the problem that the surrounding rock of the top arch of the underground cavern is softened when meeting water so as to reduce the strength is avoided; the drainage hole is utilized to construct the opposite-penetrating anchor cable in advance, so that the anchor cable support can be timely and rapidly implemented after the top arch of the underground cavity is excavated, and the initial deformation of surrounding rock is greatly reduced; the concrete layer, the reinforced rib, the reinforced concrete lining layer, the anchor rod system, the opposite-penetrating anchor rope and the pre-stressed anchor rope form a combined stress system, so that the supporting force is greatly increased, the rigidity of the supporting structure is enhanced, the top arch of the underground cavity is further effectively supported, the integrality and the bearing capacity of the surrounding rock of the top arch of the underground cavity are improved, the deformation of the surrounding rock of the top arch is effectively reduced, the stability and the safety of the surrounding rock of the top arch of the underground cavity are ensured, and a large-scale underground cavity is constructed in a weak broken rock body.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a front view of the present utility model;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of A-A of the present utility model;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the present utility model at B.
The marks in the drawings are: 1-an underground cavern; 2-draining holes; 3-drainage gallery; 4-a drain hole curtain; 5-threading anchor cables; 6-pre-stressing anchor cable; 7-an anchor rod system; 8-a concrete layer; 9-reinforcing steel bar arch ribs; 10-lining a reinforced concrete layer; 11-connecting steel bars.
Detailed Description
The utility model is further illustrated by the following figures and examples, which are not intended to be limiting.
As shown in fig. 1-3, a stable control device for a large-span underground cavern roof arch surrounding rock comprises a drainage structure, an initial supporting structure and a secondary supporting structure, wherein the drainage structure is preset around the underground cavern 1 before digging, the initial supporting structure is arranged in the process of forming the underground cavern 1 roof arch, and the secondary supporting structure is arranged after forming the underground cavern 1 roof arch; the drainage structure comprises a drainage hole 2, a drainage gallery 3 and a drainage hole curtain 4; a pair-penetrating anchor cable 5 is connected between the drainage hole 2 and the top arch of the underground cavity 1; the drainage holes 2 are arranged above the top arch surrounding rock of the underground cavern 1, and the drainage holes 2 are arranged on the upstream side, the right above and the downstream side of the underground cavern 1; the drainage gallery 3 is arranged on two sides of the top arch of the underground cavity 1; both the drainage tunnel 2 and the drainage gallery 3 extend along the direction of the preset excavation of the underground cavern 1; a first anchor hole in anchoring fit with a butt-penetrating anchor rope 5 is arranged in the drainage hole 2, and the butt-penetrating anchor rope 5 is arranged in the first anchor hole of the drainage hole 2 in advance in a systematic way to form a supporting state of the roof arch surrounding rock of the underground cavity 1 with an initial supporting structure; the drain hole curtain 4 is arranged in the rock body in a cone-shaped manner, and the drain hole curtain 4 is communicated with the drain hole 2 and the drain gallery 3 to form an ordered drain track. The drain hole curtain 4 is arranged between the drain hole 2 and the drain gallery 3 on the same direction side, and the drain hole curtain 4 at the tip is connected with the drain hole 2 at the outermost periphery.
As shown in fig. 1, the interval between the drainage hole 2 and the top arch of the underground cavern 1 is 28m.
As shown in fig. 1, the distance between the drainage gallery 3 and the sides of the roof arch of the underground cavern 1 is 35m.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the primary support structure comprises an anchor rod system 7, a concrete layer 8 and a steel bar arch rib 9; the concrete layer 8 is arranged on the top arch of the underground cavity 1; the steel bar arch rib 9 and the top arch of the underground cavity 1 are in the same shape, and the steel bar arch rib 9 is uniformly distributed in the concrete layer 8; the anchor rod body of the anchor rod system 7 is arranged towards the shallow surrounding rock of the top arch of the underground cavity 1 through the concrete layer 8. The distance between the anchor rods of the anchor rod system 7 is 1.0-1.2m, and the row spacing is 1.0-1.2m; the arrangement space of the reinforcement ribs 9 is consistent with the anchor rod space of the anchor rod system 7.
The anchor rod body of the anchor rod system 7 is divided into a supporting part and a stress part, wherein the supporting part extends into the shallow surrounding rock of the top arch of the underground cavity 1, and the stress part is exposed out of the concrete layer 8. The anchor rod parts of the anchor rod system 7 are distributed in a sector shape and stagger the prestressed anchor cable 6 and the opposite-penetrating anchor cable 5.
The concrete layer 8 adopts a construction mode of hanging net and spraying coarse fiber concrete.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the primary support structure further comprises pre-stressed anchor lines 6; the top arch of the underground cavity 1 is vertically provided with a second anchor hole penetrating into the rock body, the prestressed anchor cable 6 is installed in the second anchor hole, the prestressed anchor cable 6 and the opposite-penetrating anchor cable 5 are arranged in a staggered mode, and the prestressed anchor cable 6 is arranged outwards along the top arch of the underground cavity 1 in a fan shape.
The prestressed anchor cable 6 is a bonded anchor cable; and the anchor cable 5 is an unbonded anchor cable.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the secondary support structure includes a reinforced concrete lining layer 10; the reinforced concrete lining layer 10 is arranged on the surface of the concrete layer 8 in a covering manner; connecting steel bars 11 are arranged in anchor piers of the opposite-penetrating anchor cable 5 and the pre-stressed anchor cable 6, and the pre-stressed anchor cable 6 and the anchor pier part of the opposite-penetrating anchor cable 5 are fixedly connected with the reinforced concrete lining layer 10 through the connecting steel bars 11; the reinforced concrete lining layer 10 completely covers the stressed portion of the anchor rods of the anchor rod system 7.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, according to the above, the construction and use method for the control device includes the following specific steps:
s1: excavating drainage tunnels 2 on the upstream side, right above and downstream side of the underground cavern 1, and excavating drainage galleries 3 on both sides of the underground cavern 1 according to a predetermined position and range to be excavated of the top arch of the underground cavern 1 before the underground cavern 1 is excavated, so that the drainage tunnels 2 and the drainage galleries 3 complete excavation in a predetermined extending direction along the underground cavern 1; the construction of the drain hole curtain 4 is completed between the drain hole 2 on the same side and the drain gallery 3, and the drain hole curtain 4 on the upstream side and the drain hole 2 on the downstream side are connected in a pointed manner so as to drain underground water orderly, so that the top arch surrounding rock of the underground cavity 1 is ensured to be kept dry, and the top arch surrounding rock of the underground cavity 1 is prevented from softening when meeting water and reducing strength;
s2: the construction of the first anchor hole is finished in advance in the drainage hole 2 before the top arch of the underground cavity 1 is excavated, and the residual construction procedure of penetrating the anchor cable 5 is finished in time in the process of excavating the top arch of the underground cavity 1, so that the top arch of the underground cavity 1 and the drainage hole 2 are connected through the system arrangement of penetrating the anchor cable 5, the supporting effect on the surrounding rock of the top arch of the underground cavity 1 is achieved in time and quickly, and the initial deformation of the surrounding rock of the top arch of the underground cavity 1 is reduced;
s3: in the process of excavating the top arch of the underground cavity 1, constructing a concrete layer 8 by clinging to the top arch, spraying coarse fibers through a hanging net, uniformly arranging reinforcing steel bar arch ribs 9 in the concrete layer 8, dispersing and stretching the supporting parts of the anchor rods of the anchor rod system 7 from the top arch of the underground cavity 1 to the periphery of the top arch into surrounding rocks of the underground cavity, exposing the stressed parts of the anchor rods of the anchor rod system 7 outside the concrete layer 8, and compacting the concrete layer 8 through the anchor rod system 7 to form primary support for the shallow surrounding rocks of the top arch of the underground cavity 1; after the top arch of the underground cavity 1 is excavated, the pre-stressed anchor cable 6 is driven into the deep surrounding rock from the top arch of the underground cavity 1 through a second anchor hole which is formed in advance through a concrete layer 8, the concrete layer 8 fixes rope parts which are used for oppositely penetrating the anchor cable 5 and the pre-stressed anchor cable 6, and anchor pier parts of the rope parts are exposed out of the concrete layer 8, so that the primary support of the deep surrounding rock of the top arch of the underground cavity 1 is formed;
s4: pouring a reinforced concrete lining layer 10 on the concrete layer 8, systematically paving connecting steel bars 11 between the anchor pier part of the anchor rope 5 or the prestressed anchor rope 6 and the concrete layer 8, and completely covering the anchor pier part by the reinforced concrete lining layer 10 to form firm connection, and completely sealing the stressed part of the anchor rod system 7 by the reinforced concrete lining layer 10; the combination of the opposite-penetrating anchor cable 5, the pre-stressed anchor cable 6, the anchor rod system 7 and the reinforced concrete lining layer 10 forms combined bearing, so that a secondary supporting structure for the top arch surrounding rock of the underground cavity 1 is formed, and the supporting force and the rigidity of the supporting structure are greatly increased.
The above embodiment is only one preferred technical solution of the present utility model, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and substitutions can be made to the technical solution or parameters in the embodiment without departing from the principle and essence of the present utility model, and all the modifications and substitutions are covered in the protection scope of the present utility model.
Claims (7)
1. A stable controlling means of large-span underground cavern roof arch country rock, its characterized in that: the underground cavity (1) is excavated, and the underground cavity is provided with a drainage structure which is arranged around the underground cavity (1) in advance, an initial supporting structure which is arranged in the process of forming the top arch of the underground cavity (1) and a secondary supporting structure which is arranged after the top arch of the underground cavity (1) is formed;
the drainage structure comprises a drainage hole (2), a drainage gallery (3) and a drainage hole curtain (4); the drainage holes (2) are formed above the top arch surrounding rock of the underground cavity (1), and the plurality of drainage holes (2) are distributed above the underground cavity (1); the drainage gallery (3) is arranged on two sides of the top arch of the underground cavity (1); the drainage hole (2) and the drainage gallery (3) extend along the preset excavation direction of the underground cavity (1);
a pair-penetrating anchor cable (5) is connected between the drainage hole (2) and the top arch of the underground cavity (1);
a first anchor hole which is in anchor fit with the opposite-penetrating anchor cable (5) is arranged in the drainage hole (2);
the drainage hole curtain (4) is arranged in the rock body in a cone-shaped mode, and the drainage hole curtain (4) is communicated with the drainage hole (2) and the drainage gallery (3) to form an ordered drainage track.
2. A large span underground cavern roof arch surrounding rock stability control device according to claim 1, wherein: the distance between the drainage hole (2) and the top arch of the underground cavity (1) is 23-33m.
3. A large span underground cavern roof arch surrounding rock stability control device according to claim 1, wherein: the distance between the drainage gallery (3) and the two sides of the top arch of the underground cavity (1) is 30-40m.
4. A large span underground cavern roof arch surrounding rock stability control device according to claim 1, wherein: the primary support structure comprises an anchor rod system (7), a concrete layer (8) and a reinforcement arch rib (9);
the concrete layer (8) is arranged on the top arch of the underground cavity (1);
the steel bar arch ribs (9) and the roof arch of the underground cavity (1) are in the same shape, and the steel bar arch ribs (9) are uniformly distributed in the concrete layer (8);
the anchor rod body of the anchor rod system (7) is arranged towards the shallow surrounding rock of the roof arch of the underground cavity (1) through the concrete layer (8); the spacing of the anchor rod systems (7) is consistent with the spacing of the reinforcement ribs (9).
5. The stability control device for the roof arch surrounding rock of the large-span underground cavern according to claim 4, wherein: the anchor rod body of the anchor rod system (7) is divided into a supporting part and a stress part, the supporting part stretches into the shallow surrounding rock of the top arch of the underground cavity (1), and the stress part is exposed out of the concrete layer (8).
6. The stability control device for the roof arch surrounding rock of the large-span underground cavern according to claim 4, wherein: the primary support structure further comprises a pre-stressed anchor cable (6); the underground cavity (1) top arch is vertically provided with a second anchor hole penetrating into the rock body, the prestressed anchor cable (6) is installed in the second anchor hole, and the prestressed anchor cable (6) and the opposite-penetrating anchor cable (5) are arranged in a staggered mode.
7. The stability control device for a roof arch surrounding rock of a large-span underground cavern according to claim 6, wherein: the secondary support structure comprises a reinforced concrete lining layer (10); the reinforced concrete lining layer (10) is arranged on the surface of the concrete layer (8) in a covering manner; connecting steel bars (11) are arranged in the anchor piers of the opposite-penetrating anchor cable (5) and the prestressed anchor cable (6), and the prestressed anchor cable (6) and the anchor piers of the opposite-penetrating anchor cable (5) are fixedly connected with the reinforced concrete lining layer (10) through the connecting steel bars (11).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202223436139.XU CN219691552U (en) | 2022-12-20 | 2022-12-20 | Large-span underground cavern roof arch surrounding rock stability control device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202223436139.XU CN219691552U (en) | 2022-12-20 | 2022-12-20 | Large-span underground cavern roof arch surrounding rock stability control device |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN219691552U true CN219691552U (en) | 2023-09-15 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202223436139.XU Active CN219691552U (en) | 2022-12-20 | 2022-12-20 | Large-span underground cavern roof arch surrounding rock stability control device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN219691552U (en) |
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2022
- 2022-12-20 CN CN202223436139.XU patent/CN219691552U/en active Active
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