CN219587969U - Integrated main shaft unit - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides an integrated main shaft unit, which comprises a main shaft and an integrated outer ring sleeved on the main shaft, wherein a row of four-point angular contact steel balls and two rows of cylindrical rollers are assembled between the main shaft and the integrated outer ring, arc-shaped channels and linear rollaway nest are respectively arranged at positions corresponding to the outer diameter of the main shaft and the inner wall of the integrated outer ring, wherein the arc-shaped channels are positioned at the middle section of the main shaft, the linear rollaway nest is close to the two ends of the integrated outer ring, a limiting groove is arranged on the inner wall of the integrated outer ring and is used for limiting a retainer for accommodating the cylindrical rollers, a sealing ring is arranged between the two ends of the inner diameter of the integrated outer ring and the main shaft, and an oil retainer ring is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the sealing ring. The integrated spindle unit eliminates the matching between the inner ring and the spindle and between the outer ring and the shell of the traditional spindle unit, effectively reduces the axial and radial dimensions, and has the characteristics of small axial movement, good rigidity, high precision, convenient installation, complex assembly and debugging avoidance and cost reduction.

Description

Integrated main shaft unit

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of rolling bearing equipment, and particularly relates to an integrated bearing spindle unit.

Background

The spindle is widely used as a mechanism for transmitting mechanical power, and is used for a machine tool, a mechanical transmission, a sports apparatus, and the like. The finished spindle unit mainly comprises a spindle, bearings arranged at two ends of the spindle and a shell arranged on the outer diameter of the bearings, and auxiliary parts, such as end covers at two sides of the bearings, oil seals for preventing pollution and lubricating oil leakage inside or outside the end covers, springs for pre-tightening the bearings, lubricating grease for lubricating the bearings, adjusting gaskets between the end covers and the like are filled inside the spindle, and axial play of the bearings is solved by adding and subtracting gaskets between end faces of ball bearings in pre-tightening or assembly, so that the axial play of the spindle is an important problem in use of the spindle unit. One side of the main shaft is provided with a belt pulley, a gear or a coupling for power input, the other side of the main shaft is provided with a power output part, and the main shaft is arranged in a shell of the machine body. The finished spindle unit has the advantages of convenient installation and adjustment, high precision and high standardization level, and has the defects of high cost and incapability of adjusting according to some special use conditions. The other part of the main shaft is a mode that a seat hole is directly machined on a mechanical shell with a certain space, a bearing and an oil seal are arranged in the seat hole, the inner diameter of the bearing is used for installing the main shaft, the precision and the service life of the main shaft are greatly affected by machining and installation, the situation is common on a machine tool, the assembly efficiency is low, and the main shaft can be adjusted according to specific use conditions. The finished spindle unit is used on mechanical products, has the advantages of convenient installation and use, high precision, long service life and good interchangeability, and is widely used in various parts needing power transmission.

In particular applications, particularly in the case of multi-spindle arrangements, the volume requirements for the spindle units are relatively stringent, for example the power units in a heart-piece machine. The machine tool is small, precise and efficient processing equipment, various processing cutters are distributed in all directions around a processed product, some cutters are provided with power facilities, such as milling cutters, drills, screw taps and the like, the cutters with the power facilities are called power heads for short, the power heads of the machine tool are basically arranged in a concentrated mode, one motor drives a plurality of power heads to rotate to form one set of power tool rest, and one set of power tool rest can finish various processing and is high in efficiency. However, the center distance between the power heads is very small, and a conventional spindle unit is adopted, so that only a small-size spindle unit can be adopted due to the limitation of the size, and under the condition, the rigidity of the spindle, the carrying capacity of the bearing and the power transmission capacity are very limited, only small-size machining and finish machining can be performed, and the machining requirements of high load, high efficiency and large size cannot be met. The scheme that a plurality of main shafts are arranged on the shell is also adopted, the bearings are arranged on the shell, the processing requirement on the shell is high, the protection of the bearings is poor, the assembly errors of the front bearing and the rear bearing are large, errors in the aspects of tolerance, radial play and the like exist between the bearings, the bearings are required to be finely adjusted in the assembly process, and the working precision and the service life of the bearings are difficult to be consistent. During the use, due to the protection problem, the service life of the bearing is very low, and the failure rate of the machine tool is high.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the utility model provides an integrated bearing spindle unit, which integrates the inner rings of a front bearing and a rear bearing with a spindle into a whole, and integrates the outer rings of the front bearing and the rear bearing with a spindle shell into a whole, so as to form the integrated spindle unit. In order to achieve the technical purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:

the integrated bearing main shaft unit comprises a main shaft and an integrated outer ring sleeved on the main shaft, wherein the main shaft is provided with a main shaft arc-shaped channel and two main shaft linear rollways along the outer diameter, the main shaft arc-shaped channel is positioned at the middle section of the main shaft, the main shaft linear rollways are respectively close to two ends of the integrated outer ring, and the inner wall of the integrated outer ring is provided with an outer ring arc-shaped channel corresponding to the main shaft arc-shaped channel and an outer ring linear rollway corresponding to the main shaft linear rollway; a row of steel balls are assembled between the main shaft arc-shaped channel and the outer ring arc-shaped channel through a steel ball retainer, and four-point angular contact is formed between the steel balls and the main shaft arc-shaped channel and between the steel balls and the outer ring arc-shaped channel; a row of cylindrical rollers are respectively assembled between the main shaft linear roller path and the outer ring linear roller path through a cylindrical roller retainer; and sealing rings are arranged between the two ends of the integrated outer ring and the outer diameter surface of the main shaft.

Preferably, the arc surface of the steel ball and the arc-shaped channel of the main shaft is provided with a first contact point and a second contact point which are symmetrically distributed relative to the center of the steel ball, the arc surface of the steel ball and the arc-shaped channel of the outer ring is provided with a third contact point and a fourth contact point which are symmetrically distributed relative to the center of the steel ball, a connecting line I between the first contact point and the third contact point and a connecting line II between the second contact point and the fourth contact point both pass through the center of the steel ball, and an included angle between the connecting line I and the connecting line II is 30-70 degrees.

Further, the included angle between the first connecting line and the second connecting line is 40-60 degrees.

Preferably, a limiting groove is formed in the inner wall of the integrated outer ring, an annular protrusion is arranged on the outer diameter of the cylindrical roller retainer, and the annular protrusion is clamped in the limiting groove.

Preferably, the inner diameter parts at two ends of the integrated outer ring are provided with sealing grooves, the outer diameter of each sealing ring is embedded and fixed in each sealing groove, and the inner diameter of each sealing ring is in sliding contact with the outer diameter surface of the main shaft.

Further, the inner diameter of the sealing ring is provided with a soft first sealing lip and a soft second sealing lip along the circumferential direction, the first sealing lip extends inwards along the axial direction of the main shaft, the second sealing lip extends outwards along the axial direction of the main shaft, and the first sealing lip and the second sealing lip are in sliding contact with the outer diameter surface of the main shaft.

Further, the outer diameter of the main shaft 1 is fixedly provided with an oil retainer, the oil retainer is positioned on the outer side of the sealing ring, a soft third sealing lip is arranged on the sealing ring, and the third sealing lip extends towards the oil retainer and is in sliding contact with the inner side wall of the oil retainer.

Further, the outer diameter of the oil retainer extends towards the inner direction of the integrated outer ring, the radial clearance between the outer diameter of the oil retainer and the inner wall of the integrated outer ring is 0.4-0.8 mm, and the axial distance between the inner end face of the outer diameter of the oil retainer and the outer end face of the sealing ring is 0.5-1.0 mm.

Preferably, the outer diameter surface of the main shaft is provided with splines radially near both ends.

Preferably, a flange with a fixing hole is arranged on the outer diameter of the integrated outer ring.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effects that: the matching of the inner ring of the bearing and the main shaft and the matching of the outer ring of the bearing and the shell in the traditional main shaft unit are canceled, so that the installation precision of the bearing is greatly improved, the axial and radial dimensions of the bearing are effectively reduced, and the installation requirement of a compact multi-main shaft environment can be met; the steel ball adopts a four-point contact mode, so that the axial movement of the main shaft is effectively reduced, and the accuracy of the main shaft unit is improved; the two ends of the integrated outer ring are sealed by a multi-point composite labyrinth, and the lubricating and sealing structure is integrated, so that maintenance is not required in the use process of the main shaft, and the use cost is reduced; during maintenance, the spindle unit is replaced more simply and rapidly, and the shutdown cost is effectively reduced.

Drawings

Fig. 1: the overall structure of the utility model is schematically shown;

fig. 2: schematic partial structure at a;

fig. 3: schematic of the partial structure at B;

fig. 4: an embodiment of a main shaft with a spline is provided with an end surface schematic diagram;

fig. 5: the utility model discloses a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment with a flange of an integrated outer ring.

In each figure: 1. a main shaft 11. A main shaft arc-shaped channel; 12. a main shaft straight line rollaway nest; 13. a spline; 2. integrating an outer ring; 21. an outer ring arc-shaped channel; 22. an outer ring straight-line roller path; 23. a limit groove; 24. sealing grooves; 25. a flange; 3. a steel ball; 31. a first contact point; 32. a second contact point; 33. a third contact point; 34. a fourth contact point; 35. a first connecting wire; 36. connecting a second line; 4. a cylindrical roller; 5. a steel ball retainer; 6. a cylindrical roller cage; 61. an annular protrusion; 7. a seal ring; 71. a first sealing lip; 72. a second sealing lip; 73. a third sealing lip; 8. oil slinger.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present utility model will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the utility model. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.

An integrated bearing main shaft unit is shown with reference to fig. 1 and 2, and comprises a main shaft 1 and an integrated outer ring 2 sleeved on the main shaft 1, wherein the main shaft 1 is provided with a main shaft arc-shaped channel 11 and two main shaft linear raceways 12 along the outer diameter, the main shaft arc-shaped channel 11 is positioned at the middle section of the main shaft 1, the main shaft linear raceways 12 are respectively close to two ends of the integrated outer ring 2 along the axis, and the inner wall of the integrated outer ring 2 is provided with an outer ring arc-shaped channel 21 corresponding to the main shaft arc-shaped channel 11 and an outer ring linear raceway 22 corresponding to the main shaft linear raceway 12; a row of steel balls 3 are assembled between the main shaft arc-shaped channel 11 and the outer ring arc-shaped channel 21 through the steel ball retainer 5, and four-point angular contact is formed between the steel balls 3 and the main shaft arc-shaped channel 11 and the outer ring arc-shaped channel 21; a row of cylindrical rollers 4 are respectively assembled between the main shaft linear roller path 12 and the outer ring linear roller path 22 through a cylindrical roller retainer 6; sealing rings 7 are arranged between the two ends of the integrated outer ring 2 and the outer diameter surface of the main shaft 1.

The main shaft unit of the bearing combines a main shaft and an inner ring of a traditional bearing into a whole, a plurality of rows of raceways with different shapes are directly processed on the main shaft 1 for different rolling bodies to operate, an outer ring of a front bearing and a rear bearing and a shell are combined into an integrated outer ring 2, and raceways with the same shape and the same relative position on the main shaft are directly processed on the inner diameter of the integrated outer ring 2 for different rolling bodies to operate. Compared with the traditional spindle unit, the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing are omitted, the spindle 1 is arranged in the center of the unit, the two ends of the spindle are respectively subjected to load input and load output, the integrated outer ring 2 has the function of a spindle unit shell, is directly installed and matched on a machine tool, and provides fixation for the spindle unit. The main shaft 1 and the integrated outer ring 2 are made of the same material and heat treated as the inner and outer rings of the bearing, so that the life of the bearing is not affected. And the bearing is identical in design, different rolling bodies adopt retainers with different shapes to isolate the rolling bodies from each other, so that the rolling bodies are prevented from collision and friction in the moving and rotating process, the movement of the rolling bodies is limited, and lubricating grease is filled in the bearing for lubrication. The sealing grooves 24 for installing the sealing rings 7 are processed at the inner diameter parts of the two end surfaces of the integrated outer ring 2, the sealing rings 7 are installed between the integrated outer ring 2 and the main shaft 1, the sealing rings 7 are processed by adopting rubber materials reinforced by steel frameworks, the outer diameter of each elastic sealing ring 7 is embedded and fixed in the sealing grooves 24 on the inner diameter of the integrated outer ring 2, the inner diameter lips of the elastic sealing rings 7 are contacted with the main shaft 1, the main shaft 1 rotates and slides with the sealing lips at the inner diameter parts of the sealing rings 7, external impurities, greasy dirt and the like are prevented from invading the inside of the bearing, and lubricating grease in the bearing is also prevented from leaking. A row of steel balls 3 and two rows of cylindrical rollers 4 are arranged between the main shaft 1 and the integrated outer ring 2, and the bearing capacity of the cylindrical rollers 4 is far greater than that of the steel balls 3 under the same space size. In the working process of the main shaft 1, a row of cylindrical rollers 4 are respectively arranged at the output end and the input end, so that the main shaft can bear larger load, and the performance is more stable and reliable. Because the cylindrical roller 4 is limited in structure and cannot bear certain axial load, the steel ball 3 is arranged in the middle, and the steel ball 3, the main shaft arc-shaped channel 11 and the outer ring arc-shaped channel 21 are in a special four-point angular contact mode, so that the axial load existing in two directions is mainly borne, and meanwhile, the function of reducing axial play is achieved, so that the axial play of the main shaft 1 after the main shaft unit is assembled is reduced, and the accuracy in the use of the main shaft unit is improved. The steel balls 3 are arranged in the middle, and the two rows of cylindrical rollers 4 are respectively arranged at two ends, so that the overall stability of the bearing during operation can be effectively improved. The main shaft 1 is processed by adopting bearing steel of the same material as a bearing, the middle part of the main shaft 1 is subjected to medium-frequency quenching treatment, the surface hardness reaches more than HRC58, the core hardness is kept in a state before heat treatment, the surface hardness is high, the wear resistance is good, the core hardness is low, the toughness is good, the service life of the main shaft 1 is long, and the treated surface has high hardness and can bear repeated load in the working process of a rolling body.

Compared with the prior art, the integrated bearing main shaft unit eliminates the matching of the inner ring of the bearing and the main shaft and the matching of the outer ring of the bearing and the shell in the traditional main shaft unit, so that the installation precision of the bearing is greatly improved, the axial and radial dimensions of the bearing are effectively reduced, and the installation requirement of a compact multi-main shaft environment can be met; the steel ball adopts a four-point contact mode, so that the axial movement of the main shaft is effectively reduced, and the accuracy of the main shaft unit is improved; the two ends of the integrated outer ring are sealed by a multi-point composite labyrinth, and the lubricating and sealing structure is integrated, so that maintenance is not required in the use process of the main shaft, and the use cost is reduced; during maintenance, the replacement is simple and quick, and the shutdown cost is reduced.

The outer diameter of the spindle 1 and the inner wall of the integrated outer ring 2 are respectively processed into a spindle arc-shaped channel 11 and an outer ring arc-shaped channel 21, radial load and bidirectional axial load can be borne, the macroscopic upper channel is arc-shaped, two sections of arc are compounded to form a pointed arch shape in practical design, the two sections of arc are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the steel ball 3, referring to fig. 3, the arc surfaces of the steel ball 3 and the spindle arc-shaped channel 11 are provided with a first contact point 31 and a second contact point 32 which are symmetrically distributed relative to the center of the steel ball 3, the arc surfaces of the steel ball 3 and the outer ring arc-shaped channel 21 are provided with a third contact point 33 and a fourth contact point 34, a first connecting line 35 between the first contact point 31 and the third contact point 33 and a second connecting line 36 between the second contact point 32 and the fourth contact point 34 are all passed through the center of the steel ball 3, and in this case, the steel ball 3 is in a pure rolling state, no additional sliding is generated, and the motion effect is good. The included angle between the first connection line 35 and the second connection line 36 is a contact angle a, and the size of the contact angle a affects the radial and axial bearing capacity of the bearing and the high-speed movement capacity of the bearing. The design and test prove that the value of the contact angle a is between 30 and 70 degrees, the use requirement of the bearing can be met, and the preferable value of the contact angle a is between 40 and 60 degrees, and the use requirement can be fully met.

The cylindrical rollers 4 are separated by the cylindrical roller retainer 6, the cylindrical rollers 4 are prevented from rubbing and collision in movement, the cylindrical roller retainer 6 is formed by injection molding of engineering plastics PA66, the engineering plastics PA66 is reinforced by glass fibers, and the content of the glass fibers is between 20 and 30 percent. Since the cylindrical roller 4 is affected by various factors in movement and can reciprocate in the axial direction, in a preferred embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the annular limit groove 23 is processed on the side of the straight raceway 22 of the outer ring close to the end face on the inner wall of the integrated outer ring 2, the annular bulge 61 corresponding to the shape of the cylindrical roller cage 6 is arranged at the outer diameter of the cylindrical roller cage 6, and the engineering plastic PA66 material has larger elasticity, so that the cylindrical roller 4 and the cylindrical roller cage 6 are assembled together in advance in installation, then the cylindrical roller cage 6 is pressed between the main shaft 1 and the integrated outer ring 2 by using equipment, the annular bulge 61 of the cylindrical roller cage 6 is compressed and then slides into the limit groove 23, and the cylindrical roller cage 6 is limited in the limit groove 23 by the annular bulge 61, so that the axial play of the cylindrical roller 4 during bearing rotation can be effectively limited.

In a preferred embodiment, referring to fig. 2, the inner diameter of the seal ring 7 is provided with a soft first seal lip 71 and a second seal lip 72 in the circumferential direction, wherein the first seal lip 71 extends toward the inner side in the axial direction of the main shaft 1, the second seal lip 73 extends toward the outer side in the axial direction of the main shaft 1, and the first seal lip 71 and the second seal lip 72 are both in sliding contact with the outer diameter surface of the main shaft 1. In a further preferred scheme, the oil retainer 8 is fixedly arranged on the outer diameter of the main shaft 1, the oil retainer 8 is positioned on the outer side of the sealing ring 7, damage of an external hard material to the sealing ring 7 can be prevented, a soft third sealing lip 73 is arranged on the sealing ring 7, and the third sealing lip 73 stretches towards the oil retainer 8 and is in sliding contact with the inner side wall of the oil retainer 8. The distance between the oil retainer 8 and the sealing ring is small, so that the invasion of dust and greasy dirt can be reduced. The outer diameter of the oil retainer 8 extends towards the inner direction of the integrated outer ring 2, the radial clearance between the outer diameter of the oil retainer 8 and the inner wall of the integrated outer ring 2 is 0.4-0.8 mm, and the axial distance between the inner end face of the outer diameter of the oil retainer 8 and the outer end face of the sealing ring 7 is 0.5-1.0 mm. The three sealing lips of the sealing ring 7 are respectively contacted with the main shaft 1 and the oil retainer 8, and the multi-point compound sealing structure has better sealing effect.

In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 4, splines 13 are radially arranged on the outer diameter surface of the spindle 1 near the two ends, and the outer diameter of the splines 13 is finished and precisely matched with the mounting body to realize power transmission.

The integrated outer ring 2 can be directly pressed into a machine tool shell hole for use by adopting interference fit. The outer diameter of the outer ring 2 can also be in the form of a flange 25, and referring to fig. 5, the installation is more convenient, and four counter bores are distributed on the circumference of the flange 25 for installing fixing screws.

In summary, the integrated spindle unit provided by the utility model effectively solves the problems of difficult guarantee of assembly precision of front and rear bearings, larger size and volume, complex installation and maintenance, poor protection performance and the like of the existing spindle unit, has high utilization value and use meaning, and can be widely popularized and applied.

While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiments of the present utility model, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the present utility model, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present utility model.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides an integrated integration main shaft unit, includes main shaft (1) and cover establish integrated outer lane (2) on main shaft (1), its characterized in that: the main shaft (1) is provided with a main shaft arc-shaped channel (11) and two main shaft linear raceways (12) along the outer diameter, wherein the main shaft arc-shaped channel (11) is positioned at the middle section of the main shaft (1), the main shaft linear raceways (12) are respectively close to two ends of the integrated outer ring (2) along the axis, and the inner wall of the integrated outer ring (2) is provided with an outer ring arc-shaped channel (21) corresponding to the main shaft arc-shaped channel (11) and an outer ring linear raceway (22) corresponding to the main shaft linear raceway (12); a row of steel balls (3) are assembled between the main shaft arc-shaped channel (11) and the outer ring arc-shaped channel (21) through a steel ball retainer (5), and four-point angular contact is formed between the steel balls (3) and the main shaft arc-shaped channel (11) and the outer ring arc-shaped channel (21); a row of cylindrical rollers (4) are respectively assembled between the main shaft linear roller path (12) and the outer ring linear roller path (22) through a cylindrical roller retainer (6); sealing rings (7) are arranged between the two ends of the integrated outer ring (2) and the outer diameter surface of the main shaft (1).

2. An integrated spindle unit according to claim 1, wherein: the arc surface of the steel ball (3) and the arc surface of the main shaft arc-shaped channel (11) are provided with a first contact point (31) and a second contact point (32) which are symmetrically distributed relative to the center of the steel ball (3), the arc surface of the steel ball (3) and the arc surface of the outer ring arc-shaped channel (21) are provided with a third contact point (33) and a fourth contact point (34) which are symmetrically distributed relative to the center of the steel ball (3), a first connecting line (35) between the first contact point (31) and the third contact point (33) and a second connecting line (36) between the second contact point (32) and the fourth contact point (34) are both through the center of the steel ball (3), and an included angle between the first connecting line (35) and the second connecting line (36) is 30-70 degrees.

3. An integrated spindle unit according to claim 2, wherein: the included angle between the first connecting line (35) and the second connecting line (36) is 40-60 degrees.

4. An integrated spindle unit according to claim 1, wherein: the inner wall of the integrated outer ring (2) is provided with a limiting groove (23), the outer diameter of the cylindrical roller retainer (6) is provided with an annular bulge (61), and the annular bulge (61) is clamped in the limiting groove (23).

5. An integrated spindle unit according to claim 1, wherein: the inner diameter parts at two ends of the integrated outer ring (2) are provided with sealing grooves (24), the outer diameter of the sealing ring (7) is embedded and fixed in the sealing grooves (24), and the inner diameter of the sealing ring (7) is in sliding contact with the outer diameter surface of the main shaft (1).

6. An integrated spindle unit as set forth in claim 5, wherein: the inner diameter of the sealing ring (7) is provided with a soft first sealing lip (71) and a soft second sealing lip (72) along the circumferential direction, the first sealing lip (71) extends towards the inner side along the axial direction of the main shaft (1), the second sealing lip (72) extends towards the outer side along the axial direction of the main shaft (1), and the first sealing lip (71) and the second sealing lip (72) are in sliding contact with the outer diameter surface of the main shaft (1).

7. An integrated spindle unit as set forth in claim 6, wherein: the novel oil control device is characterized in that an oil control ring (8) is fixedly arranged on the outer diameter of the main shaft (1), the oil control ring (8) is located on the outer side of the sealing ring (7), a soft third sealing lip (73) is arranged on the sealing ring (7), and the third sealing lip (73) stretches towards the oil control ring (8) and is in sliding contact with the inner side wall of the oil control ring (8).

8. An integrated spindle unit as set forth in claim 7, wherein: the outer diameter of the oil retainer (8) extends towards the inner direction of the integrated outer ring (2), a radial clearance between the outer diameter of the oil retainer (8) and the inner wall of the integrated outer ring (2) is 0.4-0.8 mm, and an axial distance between the inner end face of the outer diameter of the oil retainer (8) and the outer end face of the sealing ring (7) is 0.5-1.0 mm.

9. An integrated spindle unit according to claim 1, wherein: the outer diameter surface of the main shaft (1) is provided with splines (13) near two ends in the radial direction.

10. An integrated spindle unit according to claim 1, wherein: and a flange (25) with a fixing hole is arranged on the outer diameter of the integrated outer ring (2).