CN219418350U - Demonstration instrument for geography teaching - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a demonstrator for geography teaching, which comprises an earth demonstration board and a solar ray demonstration board; the earth demonstration board and the solar ray demonstration board can rotate with each other by taking the circle center as the axis; the earth demonstration board is provided with an equatorial line, a south return line, a north return line, a south pole circle line, a north pole circle line, a south pole and a north pole; protrusions are respectively arranged at the outer side edges of the equatorial line, the south return line, the north return line, the south pole circle line, the north pole and the north pole; the outer edges of the protrusions are respectively parallel to the equatorial line, the south return line, the north return line, the south pole line, the north pole line, the south pole and the north pole tangent line, seven solar rays are arranged on the rectangular transparent plate of the solar ray demonstration board, and the seven solar rays are respectively overlapped with the equatorial line, the south return line, the north return line, the south pole line, the north pole line, the south pole and the north pole on the vertical plane. The utility model has the advantages of convenient manufacture, low cost, convenient operation, intuitionistic and visual appearance and convenient students to quickly understand and master related knowledge.

Description

Demonstration instrument for geography teaching

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of teaching aids, in particular to a demonstrator for geography teaching.

Background

Geography is obscure for most students, and knowledge of day and night length and solar noon altitude variation in planet earth is arranged in the first chapter in the textbook geography of standard experiments of common high school courses (human teaching version), if the students are not given a good learning feel when just touching, the geography learning interest of the students is difficult to promote in the geography teaching of the latter, so that the students are required to learn geography at the beginning of the high school to ensure good development of the latter teaching.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims to solve the technical problem of providing a geographical teaching demonstration instrument which is visual and convenient to operate.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme provided by the utility model is as follows:

a demonstrator for geography teaching comprises an earth demonstration board and a solar ray demonstration board; the earth demonstration board is a round transparent board; the solar ray demonstration board is a board formed by combining a rectangular transparent board and a black semicircular board; the middle point of the straight line of the black semicircular plate of the solar ray demonstration plate coincides with the center of the earth demonstration plate, and the earth demonstration plate and the solar ray demonstration plate can rotate with each other by taking the center of a circle as an axis; the earth demonstration board is provided with an equatorial line, a south return line, a north return line, a south pole circle line, a north pole circle line, a south pole and a north pole; protrusions are respectively arranged at the outer side edges of the equatorial line, the south return line, the north return line, the south pole loop line, the north pole loop line, the south pole and the north pole; the outer edge of the bulge is respectively parallel to the tangential lines of the equator line, the south return line, the north return line, the south pole circle line, the north pole circle line, the south pole and the north pole, and the equator line, the south return line, the north return line, the south pole circle line, the north pole circle line, the south pole and the north pole point are respectively directed to the middle point of the bulge; seven solar rays are arranged on the rectangular transparent plate of the solar ray demonstration plate; seven solar rays are respectively overlapped with the equator line, the south return line, the north return line, the south pole circle line, the north pole circle line, the south pole and the north pole on a vertical plane; the solar ray demonstration board is also provided with a morning and evening line; the morning sickening line is a line at the junction of the rectangular transparent plate and the black semicircular plate.

Specifically, the earth demonstration board is provided with a handle near one side of the black semicircle.

In one embodiment, the equator, the south return, the north return, the south loop, the north loop are lines inscribed on the earth presentation plate.

Further, seven solar rays are lines engraved on the solar ray demonstration board.

In another embodiment, the equator, the south return, the north return, the south loop, the north loop are lines that are adhered to the earth presentation plate.

Further, seven solar rays are lines stuck on the solar ray demonstration board.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effects that:

the demonstration instrument has a good effect on students understanding the first chapter in the standard experiment textbook geography of common high school courses (human teaching version), namely the knowledge of day and night length and noon sun altitude change in planet earth. Students can rapidly grasp the key points and difficulties in a plurality of high-school geography teaching such as the vertical relation between the morning line and the solar rays, the regression movement of the direct solar point, the length change of day and night, the process of extremely day and night in the polar circle, the change of noon sun altitude and the like through the mode of manual demonstration or teacher demonstration. By using the simple teaching aid, the abstract knowledge is visualized, the efficiency of classroom teaching is effectively improved, and especially the manufacturing process of the teaching aid is integrated into a classroom, so that the geographic practice force of students is effectively improved. And the demonstration instrument is easy to manufacture, simple to operate and high in practicality.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a demonstrator for geography teaching.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an earth demonstration board.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a solar ray demonstration board.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of direct and north return lines of solar rays.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the vertical relationship between the horizon of a certain earth and the radius of the earth.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the occurrence of polar days in the northern circle.

The names of the parts in the drawings are as follows:

equatorial line 1, south return line 2, north return line 3, south loop line 4, north loop line 5, south pole 6, north pole 7, protrusion 8, handle 9, morning line 10, solar ray 11.

Detailed Description

1-6, a demonstrator for geography teaching comprises an earth demonstration board and a solar ray demonstration board; the earth demonstration board is a round transparent board; the solar ray demonstration board is a board formed by combining a rectangular transparent board and a black semicircular board; the middle point of the straight line of the black semicircular plate of the solar ray demonstration plate coincides with the center of the earth demonstration plate, and the earth demonstration plate and the solar ray demonstration plate can rotate with each other by taking the center of a circle as an axis; the earth demonstration board and the solar ray demonstration board 11 can adopt particle boards, plastic boards, acrylic boards and the like, and the earth demonstration board is provided with an equatorial line 1, a south return line 2, a north return line 3, a south pole coil line 4, a north pole coil line 5, a south pole 6 and a north pole 7; the outer side edges of the equatorial line 1, the south return line 2, the north return line 3, the south pole loop line 4, the north pole loop line 5, the south pole 6 and the north pole 7 are respectively provided with a bulge 8; the outer edges of the protrusions 8 are respectively parallel to the tangents of the equator lines 1, the south return lines 2, the north return lines 3, the south loop lines 4, the north loop lines 5, the south poles 6 and the north poles 7, and the equator lines 1, the south return lines 2, the north return lines 3, the south loop lines 4, the north loop lines 5, the south poles 6 and the north poles 7 are respectively directed to the middle points of the protrusions 8; seven solar rays 11 are arranged on the rectangular transparent plate of the solar ray demonstration plate 11; seven solar rays 11 are respectively overlapped with the equator line 1, the south return line 2, the north return line 3, the south loop line 4, the north loop line 5, the south pole 6 and the north pole 7 on the vertical plane; the solar ray demonstration board 11 is also provided with a morning and evening line 10; the morning and evening line 10 is a line at the junction of a rectangular transparent plate and a black semicircular plate. Further, the handle 9 is arranged on one side of the earth demonstration board, which is close to the black semicircle, so that the operation is convenient.

When the solar earth demonstration board is manufactured, the earth demonstration board is arranged on the lower layer, the solar ray demonstration board is arranged on the upper layer, the earth demonstration board represents the earth top view, the solar earth demonstration board can be arranged as a circular board with the diameter of 30 cm, and the protrusions arranged at the tangent points of the equator line 1, the south return line 2, the north return line 3, the south pole circle 4, the north pole circle 5, the south pole 6 and the north pole 7 can be long straight boards with the diameter of 2 cm and used for representing the local horizon. The solar ray demonstration board can be a combination of a black semicircle with a diameter of 30 cm and a rectangular board with a length of 30 cm and a width of 25 cm, wherein the black semicircle represents a night hemisphere.

Specifically, in one embodiment, the equator lines 1, the south return lines 2, the north return lines 3, the south loop lines 4, and the north loop lines 5 are lines engraved on the earth presentation plate. The seven solar rays 11 are also lines engraved on the solar ray demonstration board 11.

In another embodiment, the equator 1, the south return 2, the north return 3, the south loop 4, and the north loop 5 are lines that are glued to the earth presentation plate. The seven solar rays 11 are also lines stuck on the solar ray demonstration board 11. The thread may be any color, and is not limited to threads, but may be various colors of adhesive tape.

As shown in FIG. 5, the earth demonstration board of the present utility model can be used to demonstrate the vertical relationship of the earth's local horizon to the earth's radius.

As shown in fig. 4 and 6, the present utility model can be used to demonstrate the change of day-arc-night-arc on the same weft, i.e. the change of day-night length on the earth. Specifically, by rotating the earth demonstration device or the solar ray demonstration device 11, when the equator of the earth demonstration device coincides with the middle solar ray of the solar ray demonstration device 11, namely, spring Qiu Fenshi, the day arc is equal to the night arc (equal length of day and night); in spring, the direct solar point moves north continuously, the northern hemisphere day arc is larger than the night arc (day and night short), and the southern hemisphere night arc is larger than the day arc (day and night short); as the direct solar point continues to move north, the northern hemisphere day reaches a maximum in one year when the direct solar ray 11 returns to north, which is the summer solstice. Then, the solar ray demonstration board 11 is rotated to the south until the solar ray 11 is vertically equatorial, namely, the solar ray 11 is rotated from summer to autumn, at the moment, the day arc is equal to the night arc (equal length of day and night), the solar ray demonstration board 11 is rotated to the south continuously, at the moment, the day arc of the southern hemisphere is larger than the night arc (short day and night), the night arc of the northern hemisphere is larger than the day arc (short day and night), the solar ray demonstration board 11 is rotated to the south continuously, and at the moment, when the solar ray 11 directly irradiates the south to return line, the day length of the northern hemisphere reaches the minimum value in one year, at the moment, the solar ray demonstration board is winter to winter. Through the operation, students can be guided to observe the relationship of the arc length and the arc length of day and night on different latitudes on the earth to draw a conclusion: the sun is directed to that hemisphere, which is shorter in day and night, and longer and shorter in night with higher latitude, the other hemisphere is opposite.

As shown in fig. 4, the present utility model can be used to demonstrate very day, very night conditions. Specifically, the initial moment is spring festival, at this moment, equally divide day and night, rotate the solar ray demonstration board north and move, namely the sun is direct to move north and begin from north pole this moment, all the day arc phenomena (namely extremely day) have appeared, continue north to move, extremely day scope can be increasingly bigger, when the direct sun is direct to return to the line north, namely summer to this day, all the phenomena of day arc in the whole north circle are extremely day. The sun ray demonstration board south pole starts to rotate at this moment, the polar day phenomenon in the northern circle is less and less until the direct sun point is directly directed to the equator, namely autumn moment, the polar day phenomenon disappears, the south shift is continued, the polar night phenomenon starts to appear in the northern circle, and the polar day phenomenon is similar to the polar day phenomenon and is not repeated.

As shown in fig. 3, 4 and 6, the demonstrator of the present utility model may be used to demonstrate the perpendicular relationship of the morning sickness line 10 to the solar rays 11. Specifically, because the distance between the earth and the sun is far, we consider that sunlight emitted to the earth is parallel light, and under the irradiation of the parallel light, the earth is always half bright (diurnal hemisphere) and half dark (night hemisphere); the boundary between the pericycle hemispheres is referred to as the morning line which passes through the earth and is perpendicular to the solar rays, as shown in the figure, 7 solar rays are perpendicular to the morning line, regardless of rotation.

The utility model as shown in fig. 1 can statically demonstrate the general law of solar elevation change in noon on earth. Specifically, the noon sun altitude, also called noon sun altitude angle, refers to the angle between the solar rays and the local horizon at the time of noon (12:00 when local). The solar altitude distribution rule at noon is the solar altitude distribution rule on the meridian of 12:00 at the place, namely the problem of the included angle between the tangent lines at different positions of the arc line and the solar rays in the diagram, by combining the rules of the same longitude and the same place. By observing the above-described illustration part in the teaching aid, it can be derived that: at the same time, the solar elevation in noon is gradually decreased from the direct solar point to the north and south sides.

As shown in fig. 1, 4 and 6, the present utility model may be used to dynamically demonstrate the general law of solar elevation changes in noon on earth. Specifically, in the summer, the sun is directly reflected to the north return line, the solar elevation in noon is gradually reduced from the north return line to the south and the north, the north return line and the latitude of the north, and the solar elevation in noon reaches the maximum value in one year; the solar elevation in noon reaches the minimum value in one year at each latitude of the southern hemisphere. In winter, the sun is directly reflected in the south, the noon sun height is reduced from the south to the north, the south is reflected in the south and each latitude, and the noon sun height reaches the maximum value in one year; the solar elevation in noon reaches the minimum value in one year at each latitude of the northern hemisphere. The spring day and the autumn day, the sun is directly irradiated to the equator, and the solar elevation in noon is gradually decreased from the equator to the two poles.

The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the utility model is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the utility model.

Claims (6)

1. The utility model provides a geography teaching is with demonstration appearance which characterized in that includes earth demonstration board and solar ray demonstration board; the earth demonstration board is a round transparent board; the solar ray demonstration board is a board formed by combining a rectangular transparent board and a black semicircular board; the middle point of the straight line of the black semicircular plate of the solar ray demonstration plate coincides with the center of the earth demonstration plate, and the earth demonstration plate and the solar ray demonstration plate can rotate with each other by taking the center of a circle as an axis; the earth demonstration board is provided with an equatorial line (1), a south return line (2), a north return line (3), a south pole coil line (4), a north pole coil line (5), a south pole (6) and a north pole (7); the outer side edges of the equatorial line (1), the south return line (2), the north return line (3), the south pole loop line (4), the north pole loop line (5), the south pole (6) and the north pole (7) are respectively provided with a bulge (8); the outer edges of the protrusions (8) are respectively in tangential parallel with the equator line (1), the south return line (2), the north return line (3), the south pole line (4), the north pole line (5), the south pole (6) and the north pole (7), and the equator line (1), the south return line (2), the north return line (3), the south pole line (4), the north pole line (5), the south pole (6) and the north pole (7) point to the middle points of the protrusions (8); seven solar rays (11) are arranged on the rectangular transparent plate of the solar ray demonstration plate; in spring and autumn, seven sun rays (11) are respectively overlapped with an equator line (1), a south return line (2), a north return line (3), a south pole circle line (4), a north pole circle line (5), a south pole (6) and a north pole (7) on a vertical plane; the solar ray demonstration board is also provided with a morning and evening line (10); the morning and evening line (10) is a line at the joint of the rectangular transparent plate and the black semicircular plate.

2. A geographical teaching demonstration instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that the earth demonstration board is provided with a handle (9) near one side of the black semicircle.

3. A geographical teaching demonstration instrument according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the equator line (1), the south return line (2), the north return line (3), the south pole circle line (4), the north pole circle line (5) are lines engraved on the earth demonstration board.

4. A geographical teaching demonstration instrument according to claim 3, characterized in that seven solar rays (11) are lines engraved on the solar ray demonstration board.

5. A geographical teaching demonstration instrument according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the equator line (1), the south return line (2), the north return line (3), the south pole circle line (4) and the north pole circle line (5) are lines stuck on the earth demonstration board.

6. A geographical teaching demonstration instrument according to claim 5, characterized in that seven solar rays (11) are lines stuck on the solar ray demonstration board.