CN202102636U

CN202102636U - Earth movement teaching demonstration aid

Info

Publication number: CN202102636U
Application number: CN2011201795135U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 阮凌云
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2010-09-30
Filing date: 2011-05-18
Publication date: 2012-01-04
Anticipated expiration: 2021-05-18
Also published as: CN102275427A

Abstract

The utility model relates to a teaching demonstration aid, in particular to a demonstration aid capable of simulating earth movement. The teaching demonstration aid comprises three main components including a ruler and two rotary auxiliary plates, and seven basic elements including an outer global time distribution graduated ring, an inner global meridian distribution graduated ring, international 24-timezone convergence lines, a zero-point date boundary marking line, international date boundary marking lines, an earth (namely equator coordinate system celestial sphere) meridian and parallel side view diagram, a sunlight schematic diagram and a horizontal coordinate system celestial sphere simple diagram, so that an earth rotation device and an earth revolution device are respectively formed. The demonstration aid has the advantages that most knowledge points of earth movement in junior geography are displayed vividly and visually, displayed phenomena are clear and visual on boundaries of an earth surface, students can comprehensively understand related knowledge by means of operating by themselves and observing carefully, the related knowledge is displayed in a planar manner, and the demonstration aid is simple in structure, cheap in price, simple in operation and convenient to be carried.

Description

Earth movements teaching demonstration apparatus

Affiliated technical field

The utility model relates to a kind of teaching demonstration apparatus, especially can simulate the demonstration equipment of earth rotation movement and revolution motion.

Background technology

At present; Middle school student are in the studying the geography subject during about earth rotation, revolution motion knowledge; Practical and convenient learning tool seldom; Known learning tool be like " can rotate the globe around the sun ", comprise parts such as pedestal, stay pipe, luminophor, track plate, geoid, chute (referring to the patent No. " 032357877); And for example " earth rotation with revolution analogue means ", comprise motor, speed reduction unit,, parts (referring to patent No. 200720115491X) such as geoid, umbrella hood, magnet be solid; " multi-functional three-globe instrument " comprises (referring to the patent No.s 032780990) such as base, axis, gear train, the sun, the earth, the moon for another example; " earth rotation time difference display instrument " for another example comprises (referring to the patent No.s 2007200111531) such as support, simulated clock simulation clock, simulation terrestrial globe cards.More than the maximum shortcoming of device is, complex structure, and the phenomenon that is appeared is blur boundary at the earth's surface, rely on student's the imagination, and the relatively poor students understand of spatial thinking ability is difficulty; And cost is higher, carries inconvenience.

Summary of the invention

In order to overcome above deficiency, the utility model provides a kind of multi-functional earth movements teaching demonstration apparatus.Because this teaching demonstration apparatus is a planar structure, its carrier can be various planes stationery or teaching aids such as ruler, protractor, writing case, set square.During as teaching aid, the utility model equal proportion is amplified 3～10 times get final product.The utility model is case with the ruler, has specifically explained the technical method that earth rotation movement and revolution motion phenomenon planar appear.

The utility model solves the technical scheme that its technical matters adopted: (1) this utility model case comprises ruler, three critical pieces of two rotation subplates; And full time distribution scale outer shroud 1., in the global warp distribution scale ring 2., international 24 time zone spokes gather line 3., date at zero point boundary mark line 4. a and international date boundary mark line 4. b, the earth (that is EquatorCoordinateSystem celestial sphere) graticules side view 5., sunshine synoptic diagram 6., 7. seven fundamentals of Horizon coordinate system celestial sphere simple diagram, constitute two groups of devices of earth rotation and revolution of earth respectively; (2) earth rotation device: 1. said full time distribution scale outer shroud is positioned at the outer rim of ruler left circles connected in star and is provided with along equally distributed 24 unit of circumference and amount to 360 time scales, be provided with 4. a of date at zero point separatrix mark along 24 o'clock place radiuses; 2. ring is positioned on the subplate and is provided with along equally distributed 360 the warp scales of circumference, 180 ° of warps places, edge radiuses and be provided with 4. b of international date separatrix mark in the said global warp distribution scale; International 24 time zone spokes gather line and 3. are positioned at subplate whole world warp distribution scale and encircle middle part 2. and be made up of the radioactive ray of 48 even layouts sending from the center of circle; Connect: all key elements on the above-mentioned sign earth body plane 2., 3., 4. all key elements on b and the sign earth rotation plane 1., 4. a appears respectively in two planes, connects at circle centre position with rivet, be rotation center with the center of circle and can rotate by full angle.(3) revolution of earth device: 5. the said earth (that is EquatorCoordinateSystem celestial sphere) graticules side view is positioned at the right circles connected in star of ruler and for being the side view at center with equator (that is celestial equator); Said sunshine synoptic diagram 6., 7. Horizon coordinate system celestial sphere simple diagram be positioned at another and rotate subplate; Connect: the key element on the above-mentioned sign earth (that is the EquatorCoordinateSystem celestial sphere) body plane 5. with characterize all key elements in revolution of earth plane 6., 7. Horizon coordinate system celestial sphere key element appear respectively in two planes; Connect at circle centre position with rivet, be rotation center with the center of circle and can rotate by full angle.

The beneficial effect of the utility model is: the earth rotation device can be static with dynamically appear about the some problems of earth rotation---LZT, during the district, figure on the two etc.; The revolution of earth device can static and dynamically present the some problems about revolution of earth---the recurrent mutation of subsolar point, solar noon sun height, the formation of length, sunshine map, sunrise sunset orientation, ecliptic obliquity, four seasons replacement, five bands round the clock; Also can represent various places apparent diurnal motion of heavenly body situation, confirm the permanent latitude scope that shows star, Heng Yinxing, the star that haunts, various places annual sun diurnal motion track etc.Its advantage is: this utility model can present most knowledge points of earth movements in the middle school geography with image, intuitive manner; The phenomenon that is appeared boundary line at the earth's surface is high-visible; The student examines through operation personally, can the complete understanding relevant knowledge; And appear with planar fashion, simple in structure, cheap, simple to operate, easy to carry.

Description of drawings

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the utility model is further specified.

Fig. 1 is the utility model whole structure figure,

Fig. 2 be the utility model thumbnail (1. full time distribution scale outer shroud, 2. ring in the global warp distribution scale, 3. international 24 time zone spokes gather line, 4. a date at zero point demarcate mark line, 4. the international date boundary of b mark line, 5. the earth (that is equator celestial sphere) graticules side view, 6. sunshine synoptic diagram, 7. Horizon coordinate system celestial sphere simple diagram, below each scheme in 1., 2., 3., 4. a, 4. b, 5., 6., 7. the representative content is identical therewith);

Fig. 3 is two circular groove design sketchs about ruler;

Fig. 4 is a rotating device---ruler left side design sketch,

Fig. 5 is a rotating device---the subplate design sketch,

Fig. 6 is a rotating device---the connected mode figure of ruler left side and subplate, wherein 01 is the subplate cut-open view, 02 is the ruler cut away left side view, 05 be rivet (on), 06 is pad, 07 rivet hole, 08 is rivet (descending);

Fig. 7 is a rotating device---partial enlarged drawing;

Fig. 8 is a revolution device---ruler right side design sketch,

Fig. 9 is a revolution device---the subplate design sketch,

Figure 10 is a revolution device---the connected mode figure of ruler right side and subplate, wherein 03 is the subplate cut-open view, 04 is the ruler right side cross-sectional view, 05 be rivet (on), 06 is pad, 07 rivet hole, 08 is rivet (descending);

Figure 11 is rotating device---embodiment;

Figure 12 is revolution device---embodiment;

Figure 13 is a revolution device---another embodiment.

Embodiment

Referring to Fig. 1～Figure 10.The utility model comprises ruler, three critical pieces of two rotation subplates.Ruler is widened (the about 5cm of its width～10cm); Make two circular grooves (like Fig. 3) that equal and opposite in direction, radius are about 1.5cm～4cm respectively in the ruler left and right sides; Respectively inlay corresponding rotation subplate in the groove; The key element that will express reaches on two subplates (like Fig. 1, Fig. 2) inside and outside being plotted in circular groove, presents earth rotation and revolution motion and apparent diurnal motion of heavenly body or sun diurnal motion respectively through rotating subplate.Concrete scheme is following:

One, rotating device (left side): (1) mainboard: be provided with full time distribution scale outer shroud in (like Fig. 4) ruler left circles connected in star outer rim 1cm scope and 1. promptly amount to 360 time scales along equally distributed 24 cells of circumference; The per unit scale is represented 4 minutes; Every cell is represented 1 hour; By counterclockwise being labeled in successively in 24 cells, expression is overlooked all parts of the world time gradation law for counterclockwise increasing progressively (being to increase progressively all parts of the world time) eastwards from the sky, the arctic numeral from 1 to 24; Be provided with 4. a of date at zero point separatrix serrate arrow labeled along 24 o'clock place radiuses, point to counterclockwise, represent to be new one day to the east of this boundary line, to the west of be old one day; Circular groove interior 18 is provided with the night hemisphere coating up to 6 o'clock place semicircles.(2) subplate: (like Fig. 5) subplate is and the equal-sized disk of ruler circular groove to which is provided with the interior ring of global warp distribution scale and 2. promptly amount to 360 warp scales along equally distributed 24 cells of circumference; Encircle in the warp distribution scale 2. the centre position be provided with warp distribution scale in 24 the corresponding world 24 time zone spokes of cell of ring gather line 3.; Radioactive ray by 48 even layouts sending from the center of circle constitute (comprising boundary line, 24 time zones and 24 central meridians); In 24 cells by counterclockwise marking longitude and time zone sequence number successively---0 °, one, 30 ° in east, three, 60 ° in east, five, 90 ° in east, seven, 120 ° in east, nine, 150 ° in east, 11,180 ° in east, 11,150 ° in west, nine, 120 ° in west, seven, 90 ° in west, five, 60 ° in west, three, 30 ° in west, west one, expression is overlooked various places and is counted alternation through the number of degrees, time zone in proper order from the sky, the arctic; Radiuses are provided with 4. b of international date separatrix serrate arrow labeled along 180 ° of warps place, point to CW, represent to be new one day to the west of this boundary line, to the east of be old one day; 120 ° of remarkable marks of E place mark, expression Beijing time location makes things convenient for the student to confirm own position fast.(3) connect: (like Fig. 6, Fig. 7) is embedded in ruler left circles connected in star with this subplate; Make full time distribution scale outer shroud 1. encircle 2. scale mark closely (like Fig. 7) relatively in scale mark and the global warp distribution scale; Can embody in the global warp distribution scale 2. 1. 1 unit of 1 the corresponding full time distribution scale of unit scale outer shroud of ring, promptly to differ the corresponding time difference of 1 degree be 4 minutes to longitude.Circle centre position connects (like Fig. 6) with rivet, is rotation center with the center of circle, but the full angle rotation.

Two, revolution device (right side): (1) mainboard: be provided with the equator in (like Fig. 8) ruler right circles connected in star be the center earth graticules side view 5.; Comprise 13 warps totally 12 intervals; Comprise 11 parallels---equator, the north and south tropic, north and south polar circle, north and south latitude 20 degree, 40 degree, 60 degree; Comprise 1 ground axis, its length will obviously exceed the about 1cm～2cm of this circular groove, institute's earth graticules side view of doing that is EquatorCoordinateSystem celestial sphere graticules figure.(2) subplate: (like Fig. 9) subplate radius ratio ruler circular groove radius is long slightly (to grow 0.5cm～1cm), be shaped as semicircle and rectangle combination; The middle part be provided with sunshine synoptic diagram 6.; Constitute by the expression earth and the parallel lines that 5. wait big circle with earth graticules side view and be positioned at this circle outside expression sunray; At the parallel lines intersection point point marked right angle symbolic representation subsolar point vertical, in the semicircle relative, scribble expression night hemisphere coating mark with parallel lines with the circle tangent line; Sunshine, 6. synoptic diagram also can represent Horizon coordinate system celestial sphere: terminator (promptly hemisphere separatrix) is round the clock extended to the horizontal circle of subplate edge as the Horizon coordinate system, mark remarkable mark " top " and " end " at its perpendicular upper and lower zenith and nadir position; 5. 6. subplate synoptic diagram at sunshine make up with mainboard earth graticules side view and express the Earth Day according to situation; Mainboard earth graticules side view is during 5. as EquatorCoordinateSystem celestial sphere graticules side view, 7. makes up with subplate Horizon coordinate system celestial sphere simple diagram and can express particularly various places apparent motion of the sun situation of various places apparent diurnal motion of heavenly body.(3) connect: (like Figure 10) subplate back side be the middle part than the edge the slightly thick and lucky circular protrusions that can be embedded in the ruler circular groove; This subplate is embedded in the right circles connected in star of mainboard ruler; Circle centre position connects with rivet, is rotation center with the center of circle, but the full angle rotation.

All key elements on the said sign earth body plane 2., 3., 4. b with characterize on the earth rotation plane 1., 4. all key elements of a and characterize on the earth body plane key element 5. with characterize on the revolution of earth plane 6., the 7. all key elements of Horizon celestial sphere appear respectively in Different Plane, its carrier can be various planes stationery or teaching aids such as ruler, writing case, protractor, set square.Rotating device that is constituted and revolution device are split or integrative-structure.

Said full time distribution scale outer shroud 1. and in the global warp distribution scale 2. scale number of lines of ring be between 24～360; When being 24, be the reduction procedure of the utility model; When being 360, can the various places difference of longitude be accurate to 1 degree, the mistiming was accurate to 4 minutes, and its preferred version is 360.

Ring longitude numerical value 2. and international 24 time zone spokes gather line and distinguish sequence number in 3. and distribute alternately in the whole world warp distribution scale; It is 0 °, eastern one, 30 °, eastern three, 60 °, eastern five, 90 °, eastern seven, 120 °, eastern nine, 150 °, eastern 11,180 °, western 11,150 °, western nine, 120 °, western seven, 90 °, western five, 60 °, western three, 30 °, western one in proper order; Or be two, 15 ° of zero zone, 15 °, two, 45 ° in east, four, 75 ° in east, six, 105 ° in east, eight, 135 ° in east, ten, 165 ° in east, 12,165 ° of things, ten, 135 ° in west, eight, 105 ° in west, six, 75 ° in west, Xisi, 45 °, west, wherein above-mentioned first group of ordered series of numbers is preferred version.

Ring longitude numerical value 2. and time zone sequence number are to be all mark counterclockwise in said full time distribution scale outer shroud time sequence number 1～24 1. and the global warp distribution scale, expression each key element alternation situation from the observed earth in the sky, the arctic; Also can be all CW mark, expression each key element alternation situation from the observed earth above the Antarctic; Preferred version is to be all mark counterclockwise.

Said date at zero point boundary mark line 4. a and international date change mark line 4. b have direction indicative; Available serrate, semicircle, arrow-shaped mark line etc. make marks; Article two, mark line is towards on the contrary, and the relative side of expression arrow is on the same day, and the side that the arrow tail is relative is another sky; Preferred version is a serrate.

Said full time distribution scale outer shroud is 1. inner to be provided with the expression coating mark at night, said sunshine synoptic diagram and to be provided with expression night hemisphere coating mark in 6.; Like translucent or opaque colored coating or diagonal line hatches coating etc., preferred version is translucent color shadow.

The said Horizon coordinate system celestial sphere simple diagram 7. position of zenith and nadir is the visible marking; Like " top " and " end " or " N " and " N ' " etc.; Encircle 2. east longitude in the said global warp distribution scale and locate to be provided with the visible marking for 120 °; As " capital ", " in ", " C ", " CN " etc., preferred version is Chinese character marks such as " top " " end ", " capital ".

Referring to Figure 11～Figure 13, three examples of this utility model method of application.

(like Figure 11) be the use of revolutions device leftwards: confirm the somewhere time, in the LZT of all parts of the world, when district, new and old date range all confirm; In the LZT of this figure expression Beijing time 6:00 all parts of the world, during the district and the new and old date distribute, this moment 5:40 London time 22:00,115 ° of E LZT, from 30 ° of E eastwards to 180 ° be new one day, other area is old one day; Rotate counterclockwise subplate (simulation is overhead observed earth rotation situation from the arctic), the student can realize the diurnal variation of above-mentioned various phenomenons.

The use of (like Figure 12) right side revolution of earth device: confirm point of vertical at Position Latitude, all parts of the world problems such as length, solar noon sun height, sunrise sunset orientation round the clock can show; This figure expression Earth Day summer solstice is according to situation; This day; All parts of the world day is from north-east, and the days are long and the nights short in the Northern Hemisphere, polar day in the Arctic Circle, days are short and nights long in the Southern Hemisphere, polar night in the Antarctic Circle, equator are isometric round the clock, and the solar noon sun height successively decreases to the both sides, north and south from the tropic of Cancer; Between the tropic of north and south, move up and down point of vertical, can simulate the variations of annual situation of above-mentioned spontaneous phenomenon, and phenomenons such as ecliptic obliquity, the four seasons substitute, five band formation.

(Figure 13) revolution of earth device in right side also can be used for expressing particularly apparent motion of the sun situation of celestial body apparent motion: because earth rotation; Cause the celestial body or the sun diurnal motion on celestial sphere; Its apparent motion track is identical with celestial body or sun place declination coil; Subplate is during as celestial sphere, and central point is the observer location, and celestial body that horizontal circle is above or apparent motion of the sun track are visible; Horizontal circle is invisible with the lower part.This figure is the annual apparent motion of the sun situation of seeing on the point of the arctic on Sunday (mainly embodying annual situation over four days through two fens solstices); Altitude of the sun is constant in being presented on the point of the arctic on the same day among the figure; The sun was positioned at and was polar day more than the local horizon summer half year; Altitude of the sun is 0～23.5 °, and the sun was positioned at and was polar night below the local horizon winter half year.This figure can find out that also each celestial body is positioned at more than the horizontal circle all the time on the last northern hemisphere of arctic point, and whole day can be seen each celestial body apparent motion, is that perseverance shows star; Each celestial body is positioned at below the horizontal circle all the time on the southern celestial hemisphere, and whole day is invisible, is the latent star of perseverance; Arctic point is gone up does not have the star that haunts.Confirm the on-site latitude of observer, the zenith sign of subplate Horizon coordinate system celestial sphere is moved cause the corresponding Position Latitude of EquatorCoordinateSystem celestial sphere, can intuitively demonstrate two fens solstices in this place and annual apparent motion of the sun track on Sunday; Also can be observed the aerial apparent diurnal motion of heavenly body situation of this geaster, confirm the permanent latitude scope that shows star, Heng Yinxing, the star that haunts.

Claims

1. earth movements teaching demonstration apparatus; It is characterized in that: comprise ruler, three critical pieces of two rotation subplates; And ring, international 24 time zone spokes gather line, the boundary of date at zero point and international date boundary mark line, the three-dimensional graticules of the earth, sunshine synoptic diagram, seven fundamentals of Horizon coordinate system celestial sphere simple diagram in the full time distribution scale outer shroud, global warp distribution scale, constitute earth rotation and two groups of devices of revolution of earth; Said full time distribution scale outer shroud is positioned at the outer rim of ruler left circles connected in star and is provided with along circumference and amounted to 24～360 time scales in equally distributed 24 hours, is provided with date at zero point separatrix mark along 24 o'clock place radiuses; Ring is positioned on the subplate and is provided with along equally distributed 24～360 the warp scales of circumference, is provided with international date separatrix mark along 180 ° of warps place radiuses in the whole world warp distribution scale, and international 24 time zone spokes gather line and are positioned at middle part that warp distribution scale in the subplate whole world encircles and are made up of the radioactive ray of 48 even layouts sending from the center of circle; The three-dimensional graticules of the earth is positioned at the right circles connected in star of ruler and for being the side view at center with the equator, and sunshine, synoptic diagram, Horizon coordinate system celestial sphere simple diagram were positioned at another rotation subplate; To characterize on the earth body plane all key elements and characterize on the earth rotation plane all key elements and characterize on the earth body plane key element and characterize that all key elements appear respectively on the revolution of earth plane in Different Plane, and be rotation center and can rotate by full angle with center of circle tie point.

2. earth movements teaching demonstration apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said full time distribution scale outer shroud inside is provided with the expression coating mark at night; Be provided with expression night hemisphere coating mark said sunshine in the synoptic diagram.

3. earth movements teaching demonstration apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said date at zero point boundary mark line and international date change mark line have direction indicative.

4. earth movements teaching demonstration apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the longitude numerical value of said global warp distribution calibration loop and time zone, international 24 time zone sequence number distribute alternately.

5. earth movements teaching demonstration apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the position of said Horizon coordinate system celestial sphere simple diagram zenith and nadir is provided with the visible marking, and the ring east longitude locates to be provided with the visible marking for 120 ° in the global warp distribution scale.

6. earth movements teaching demonstration apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the scale number of lines of ring is between 24～360 in said full time distribution scale outer shroud and the global warp distribution scale.

7. earth movements teaching demonstration apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the carrier that characterizes earth body, rotation phenomenon, all key elements of revolution phenomenon can be ruler, writing case, protractor, set square plane stationery or teaching aid.

8. earth movements teaching demonstration apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said rotating device and revolution device are split or integrative-structure.