CN102275427A - Earth movement teaching performance tool - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a teaching performance tool, in particular to a performance tool capable of imitating earth movement. The tool comprises a straight scale, two rotation subplates, three main parts, and a global time distribution ruling outer ring, a global meridian distribution ruling inner ring, an international 24-time zone convergence line, zero point date and international date separation marking lines, an earth (namely a celestial sphere in equatorial coordinates) fictitious graticule side view, a sunshine schematic view and a horizontal coordinate system celestial sphere simple view which serve as seven basic elements and form an earth rotation scheme and an earth revolution scheme. The invention has the advantages that: most earth movement knowledge points in junior geography can be presented in a vivid and intuitive mode, the presented phenomenon is clearly visible on the boundary line of the earth surface, relative knowledge can be comprehensively understood by students only by personal operation and careful observation and is presented in a plane mode, and the tool has a simple structure and a low price and is easy to operate and convenient to carry.

Description

Earth movements teaching demonstration apparatus

Affiliated technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of teaching demonstration apparatus, especially can simulate the demonstration equipment of earth rotation movement and revolution motion.

Background technology

At present, middle school student are in the studying the geography subject during about earth rotation, revolution motion knowledge, practical and convenient learning tool seldom, known learning tool be as " can rotate the globe around the sun ", comprise parts such as pedestal, stay pipe, illuminator, track plate, geoid, chute (referring to the patent No. " 032357877); And for example " earth rotation with revolution analogue means ", comprise motor, decelerator,, parts (referring to patent No. 200720115491X) such as geoid, umbrella hood, magnet be solid; " multi-functional three-globe instrument " comprises (referring to the patent No.s 032780990) such as base, axis, transmission mechanism, the sun, the earth, the moon for another example; " earth rotation time difference display instrument " for another example comprises (referring to the patent No.s 2007200111531) such as support, simulated clock simulation clock, simulation tellurion cards.More than the maximum shortcoming of device is, complex structure, and the phenomenon that is presented is blur boundary at the earth's surface, rely on student's the imagination, and the relatively poor student of spatial thinking ability understands difficulty; And cost is higher, carries inconvenience.

Summary of the invention

In order to overcome above deficiency, the invention provides a kind of multi-functional earth movements teaching demonstration apparatus.Because this teaching demonstration apparatus is a planar structure, its carrier can be various planes stationery or teaching aids such as ruler, protractor, writing case, set square.During as teaching aid, equal proportion of the present invention is amplified 3～10 times get final product.The present invention is case with the ruler, has specifically explained the technical method that earth rotation movement and revolution motion phenomenon planar present.

The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: (1) this invention case comprises ruler, three critical pieces of two rotation subplates, and full time distribution scale outer shroud 1., in the global warp distribution scale ring 2., international 24 time zone spokes gather line 3., date at zero point boundary mark line 4. a and international date boundary mark line 4. b, the earth (that is EquatorCoordinateSystem celestial sphere) graticules side view 5., sunshine schematic diagram 6., 7. seven fundamentals of Horizon coordinate system celestial sphere simple diagram, constitute two schemes of the earth rotation and the revolution of the earth respectively; (2) earth rotation scheme: 1. described full time distribution scale outer shroud is positioned at the outer rim of ruler left circles connected in star and is provided with along equally distributed 24 unit of circumference and amount to 360 time scales, be provided with 4. a of date at zero point line of demarcation mark along 24 o'clock place radiuses; 2. ring is positioned on the subplate and is provided with along equally distributed 360 the warp scales of circumference, is provided with 4. b of international date line of demarcation mark along 180 ° of warp place radiuses in the described global warp distribution scale; International 24 time zone spokes gather line and 3. are positioned at subplate whole world warp distribution scale and encircle middle part 2. and be made of the radioactive ray of 48 even layouts sending from the center of circle; Connect: all key elements on the above-mentioned sign earth body plane 2., 3., 4. b with characterize on the earth rotation plane all key elements 1., 4. a presents respectively in two planes, connect at circle centre position with rivet, be pivot with the center of circle and can rotate by full angle.(3) revolution of the earth scheme: 5. the described earth (that is EquatorCoordinateSystem celestial sphere) graticules side view is positioned at the right circles connected in star of ruler and for being the side view at center with equator (that is celestial equator); Described sunshine schematic diagram 6., 7. Horizon coordinate system celestial sphere simple diagram be positioned at another and rotate subplate; Connect: the key element on the above-mentioned sign earth (that is the EquatorCoordinateSystem celestial sphere) body plane 5. with characterize all key elements in revolution of the earth plane 6., 7. Horizon coordinate system celestial sphere key element present respectively in two planes, connect at circle centre position with rivet, be pivot with the center of circle and can rotate by full angle.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the earth rotation scheme can be static and be dynamically presented about the some problems of earth rotation---local time, during the district, figure on the two etc., revolution of the earth scheme can static and dynamically present some problems---the recurrent mutation of subsolar point about the revolution of the earth, the solar noon sun height, length round the clock, sunshine map, the sunrise sunset orientation, ecliptic obliquity, the four seasons substitute, the formation of five bands, also can represent various places apparent diurnal motion of heavenly body situation, determine the permanent star that shows, permanent latent star, the haunt latitude scope of star, various places annual sun diurnal motion track etc.Its advantage is: this invention can present most knowledge points of earth movements in the middle school geography with image, intuitive manner, the phenomenon that is presented boundary line at the earth's surface is high-visible, the student is by operation personally, examine, can the complete understanding relevant knowledge, and present with planar fashion, simple in structure, cheap, simple to operate, easy to carry.

Description of drawings

The present invention is further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.

Fig. 1 is whole structure figure of the present invention,

Fig. 2 be thumbnail of the present invention (1. the 3. international 24 time zone spokes of ring gather 4. a date at the zero point 4. 5. 6. 7. Horizon coordinate system celestial sphere simple diagram of schematic diagram at sunshine of the earth (that is equator celestial sphere) graticules side view of mark line of demarcating of international date of b of mark line of demarcate of line in the 2. global warp distribution of the full time distribution scale outer shroud scale, below among each figure 1., 2., 3., 4. a, 4. b, 5., 6., 7. the representative content is identical therewith)

Fig. 3 is two circular groove design sketch about ruler;

Fig. 4 is a rotation scheme ruler left side design sketch,

Fig. 5 is a rotation scheme subplate design sketch,

Fig. 6 is rotation scheme ruler left side and the connected mode figure of subplate, and wherein 01 is the subplate cutaway view, and 02 is the ruler cut away left side view, 05 be rivet (on), 06 is pad, 07 rivet hole, 08 is rivet (descending);

Fig. 7 is a rotation scheme partial enlarged drawing;

Fig. 8 is a revolution scheme ruler right side design sketch,

Fig. 9 is a revolution scheme subplate design sketch,

Figure 10 is the connected mode figure of revolution scheme ruler right side and subplate, and wherein 03 is the subplate cutaway view, and 04 is the ruler right side cross-sectional view, 05 be rivet (on), 06 is pad, 07 rivet hole, 08 is rivet (descending);

Figure 11 is a rotation scheme implementation example;

Figure 12 is revolution scheme implementation example;

Figure 13 is another embodiment of revolution scheme.

The specific embodiment

Referring to Fig. 1～Figure 10.The present invention includes ruler, three critical pieces of two rotation subplates.Ruler is widened (the about 5cm of its width～10cm), make two circular grooves (as Fig. 3) that equal and opposite in direction, radius are about 1.5cm～4cm respectively in the ruler left and right sides, respectively inlay corresponding rotation subplate in the groove, the key element that will express reaches on two subplates (as Fig. 1, Fig. 2) inside and outside being plotted in circular groove, presents earth rotation and revolution motion and apparent diurnal motion of heavenly body or sun diurnal motion respectively by rotating subplate.Concrete scheme is as follows:

One, rotation scheme (left side): (1) mainboard: be provided with full time distribution scale outer shroud in (as Fig. 4) ruler left circles connected in star outer rim 1cm scope and 1. promptly amount to 360 time scales along equally distributed 24 cells of circumference, the per unit scale is represented 4 minutes, every cell is represented 1 hour, by counterclockwise being labeled in successively in 24 cells, expression is overlooked all parts of the world time gradation law for counterclockwise increasing progressively (being to increase progressively all parts of the world time) eastwards from the sky, the arctic numeral from 1 to 24; Be provided with 4. a of date at zero point line of demarcation zigzag arrow mark along 24 o'clock place radiuses, point to counterclockwise, represent to be new one day to the east of this boundary line, to the west of be old one day; 18 are provided with the night hemisphere coating up to 6 o'clock place semicircles in the circular groove.(2) subplate: (as Fig. 5) subplate is and the equal-sized disk of ruler circular groove to which is provided with the interior ring of global warp distribution scale and 2. promptly amount to 360 warp scales along equally distributed 24 cells of circumference; Encircling 2. centre position in the warp distribution scale is provided with the world 24 time zone spokes corresponding with 24 cells of ring in the warp distribution scale and gathers line 3., radioactive ray by 48 even layouts sending from the center of circle constitute (comprising boundary line, 24 time zones and 24 central meridians), in 24 cells, mark longitude and time zone sequence number successively by counter clockwise direction---0 °, east one, 30 °, east three, 60 °, east five, 90 °, east seven, 120 °, east nine, 150 °, east 11,180 °, west 11,150 °, west nine, 120 °, west seven, 90 °, west five, 60 °, west three, 30 °, west one, expression is overlooked various places through the number of degrees from the sky, the arctic, the alternation order is counted in the time zone; Be provided with 4. b of international date line of demarcation zigzag arrow mark along 180 ° of warp place radiuses, point to clockwise direction, represent to be new one day to the west of this boundary line, to the east of be old one day; 120 ° of remarkable marks of E place mark, expression Beijing time location makes things convenient for the student to determine own position fast.(3) connect: (as Fig. 6, Fig. 7) is embedded in ruler left circles connected in star with this subplate, make full time distribution scale outer shroud 1. encircle 2. graduation mark closely relative (as Fig. 7) in graduation mark and the global warp distribution scale, can embody in the global warp distribution scale 2. 1. 1 unit of 1 the corresponding full time distribution scale of unit scale outer shroud of ring, promptly to differ the corresponding time difference of 1 degree be 4 minutes to longitude.Circle centre position connects with rivet, is pivot with the center of circle, but the full angle rotation.

Two, revolution scheme (right side): (1) mainboard: be provided with the equator in (as Fig. 8) ruler right circles connected in star be the center earth graticules side view 5., comprise 13 warps totally 12 intervals, comprise 11 parallels--equator, the north and south tropic, north and south polar circle, north and south latitude 20 degree, 40 degree, 60 degree, comprise 1 ground axis, institute's earth graticules side view of doing that is EquatorCoordinateSystem celestial sphere graticules figure.(2) subplate: (as Fig. 9) subplate radius ratio ruler circular groove radius is long slightly (to grow 0.5cm～1cm), be shaped as semicircle and rectangle combination; The middle part be provided with sunshine schematic diagram 6., constitute by the expression earth and the parallel lines that 5. wait big circle with earth graticules side view and be positioned at this circle outside expression sunray, mark right angle symbolic representation subsolar point on the parallel lines intersection point point vertical with the circle tangent line scribbles expression night hemisphere coating mark in the semicircle relative with parallel lines; Sunshine, 6. schematic diagram also can represent Horizon coordinate system celestial sphere: terminator (promptly hemisphere line of demarcation) is round the clock extended to the horizontal circle of subplate edge as the Horizon coordinate system, mark remarkable mark " top " and " end " at its perpendicular upper and lower zenith and nadir position; 5. 6. subplate schematic diagram at sunshine make up with mainboard earth graticules side view and express the Earth Day according to situation, mainboard earth graticules side view is during 5. as EquatorCoordinateSystem celestial sphere graticules side view, 7. makes up with subplate Horizon coordinate system celestial sphere simple diagram and can express particularly various places apparent motion of the sun situation of various places apparent diurnal motion of heavenly body.(3) connect: (as Figure 10) subplate back side be the middle part than the edge the slightly thick and lucky circular protrusions that can be embedded in the ruler circular groove, this subplate is embedded in the right circles connected in star of mainboard ruler, circle centre position connects with rivet, is pivot with the center of circle, but the full angle rotation.

All key elements on the described sign earth body plane 2., 3., 4. b with characterize on the earth rotation plane 1., 4. all key elements of a and characterize on the earth body plane key element 5. with characterize on the revolution of the earth plane 6., characterize the 7. all key elements of Horizon celestial sphere and in Different Plane, present respectively, its carrier can be various planes stationery or teaching aids such as ruler, writing case, protractor, set square.Rotation scheme that is constituted and revolution scheme are split or integrative-structure.

Described full time distribution scale outer shroud 1. and in the global warp distribution scale 2. scale number of lines of ring be between 24～360; When being 24, be reduction procedure of the present invention; When being 360, the various places difference of longitude can be accurate to 1 degree, the time difference was accurate to 4 minutes, and its preferred version is 360.

Ring longitude numerical value 2. and international 24 time zone spokes gather line and distinguish sequence number in 3. and distribute alternately in the whole world warp distribution scale, it is 0 ° in proper order, east one, 30 °, east three, 60 °, east five, 90 °, east seven, 120 °, east nine, 150 °, east 11,180 °, west 11,150 °, west nine, 120 °, west seven, 90 °, west five, 60 °, west three, 30 °, west one, or be the zero zone, 15 °, east two, 45 °, east four, 75 °, east six, 105 °, east eight, 135 °, east ten, 165 °, thing 12,165 °, west ten, 135 °, west eight, 105 °, west six, 75 °, Xisi, 45 °, west two, 15 °, wherein above-mentioned first group of ordered series of numbers is preferred version.

Described full time distribution scale outer shroud 1. time sequence number 1～24 and global warp distribution scale in ring longitude numerical value and time zone sequence number 2. be to be all mark counterclockwise, expression each key element alternation situation from the observed earth in the sky, the arctic; Also can be all clockwise direction mark, expression each key element alternation situation from the observed earth above the Antarctic; Preferred version is to be all mark counterclockwise.

Described date at zero point boundary mark line 4. a and international date change mark line 4. b have direction indicative, available zigzag, semicircle, arrow-shaped mark line etc. make marks, article two, mark line is towards on the contrary, and the relative side of expression arrow is on the same day, and the side that the arrow tail is relative is another sky; Preferred version is a zigzag.

Described full time distribution scale outer shroud is 2. inner to be provided with the expression coating mark at night, described sunshine schematic diagram and to be provided with expression night hemisphere coating mark in 6., as translucent or opaque colored coating or diagonal line hatches coating etc., preferred version is translucent color shadow.

The described Horizon coordinate system celestial sphere simple diagram 7. position of zenith and nadir is the visible marking, as " top " and " end " or " N " and " N ' " etc., encircle 2. east longitude in the described global warp distribution scale and locate to be provided with the visible marking for 120 °, as " capital ", " in ", " C ", " CN " etc., preferred version is Chinese character marks such as " top ", " end ", " capital ".

Referring to Figure 11～Figure 13, three using method examples of this invention using method.

The use of (as Figure 11) revolutions scheme leftwards: determine the somewhere time, in the local time of all parts of the world, when district, new and old date range all determine; In the local time that this figure representing Beijing time 6:00 all parts of the world, when district and new and old date distribute, this moment 5:40 London time 22:00,115 ° of E local time, from 30 ° of E eastwards to 180 ° be new one day, other area is old one day; Rotate counterclockwise subplate (simulation is overhead observed earth rotation situation from the arctic), the student can realize the diurnal variation of above-mentioned various phenomenons.

The use of (as Figure 12) right side revolution of the earth scheme: determine point of vertical at Position Latitude, all parts of the world problems such as length, solar noon sun height, sunrise sunset orientation round the clock can show; This figure represents that Earth Day summer solstice is according to situation, this day, all parts of the world day is for north-east, and the days are long and the nights short in the Northern Hemisphere, polar day in the Arctic Circle, days are short and nights long in the Southern Hemisphere, polar night in the Antarctic circle, equator are isometric round the clock, and the solar noon sun height successively decreases to the both sides, north and south from the tropic of cancer; Between the tropic of north and south, move up and down point of vertical, can simulate the variations of annual situation of above-mentioned natural phenomena, and phenomenons such as ecliptic obliquity, the four seasons substitute, five band formation.

(Figure 13) revolution of the earth scheme in right side also can be used for expressing particularly apparent motion of the sun situation of celestial body apparent motion: because earth rotation, cause the celestial body or the sun diurnal motion on celestial sphere, its apparent motion track is identical with celestial body or sun place declination coil, subplate is during as celestial sphere, central point is the observer location, and celestial body that horizontal circle is above or apparent motion of the sun track are as seen; Horizontal circle is invisible with the lower part.This figure is the annual apparent motion of the sun situation of seeing on the point of the arctic on Sunday (mainly embodying annual situation over four days by two fens solstices), altitude of the sun is constant in being presented on the point of the arctic on the same day among the figure, the sun was positioned at and was polar day more than the horizon summer half year, altitude of the sun is 0～23.5 °, and the sun was positioned at and was polar night below the horizon winter half year.This figure also as can be seen arctic point go up that each celestial body is positioned at more than the horizontal circle all the time on the northern hemisphere, whole day can be seen each celestial body apparent motion, is that perseverance shows star; Each celestial body is positioned at below the horizontal circle all the time on the southern celestial hemisphere, and whole day is invisible, is the latent star of perseverance; Arctic point is gone up does not have the star that haunts.Determine the on-site latitude of observer, the zenith sign of subplate Horizon coordinate system celestial sphere is moved cause the corresponding Position Latitude of EquatorCoordinateSystem celestial sphere, can intuitively present two fens solstices in this place and annual apparent motion of the sun track on Sunday; Also can be observed the aerial apparent diurnal motion of heavenly body situation of this geaster, determine the permanent latitude scope that shows star, Heng Yinxing, the star that haunts.

Claims (8)

1. multipurpose ruler, it is characterized in that: comprise that ruler, two rotate three critical pieces of subplate, and ring, international 24 time zone spokes gather line, the boundary of date at zero point and international date boundary mark line, the three-dimensional graticules of the earth (that is EquatorCoordinateSystem celestial sphere), sunshine schematic diagram, seven fundamentals of Horizon coordinate system celestial sphere simple diagram in the full time distribution scale outer shroud, global warp distribution scale; Described full time distribution scale outer shroud is positioned at the outer rim of ruler left circles connected in star and is provided with along circumference and amounted to 24～360 time scales in equally distributed 24 hours, is provided with date at zero point line of demarcation mark along 24 o'clock place radiuses, ring is positioned on the subplate and is provided with along equally distributed 24～360 the warp scales of circumference, is provided with international date line of demarcation mark along 180 ° of warp place radiuses in the whole world warp distribution scale, and international 24 time zone spokes gather line and are positioned at middle part that warp distribution scale in the subplate whole world encircles and are made of the radioactive ray of 48 even layouts sending from the center of circle; The three-dimensional graticules of the earth (that is EquatorCoordinateSystem celestial sphere) is positioned at the right circles connected in star of ruler and for be the side view at center with equator (that is celestial equator), and sunshine, schematic diagram, Horizon coordinate system celestial sphere simple diagram were positioned at another rotation subplate; To characterize on the earth body plane all key elements and characterize on the earth rotation plane all key elements and characterize on the earth body plane key element and characterize that all key elements present respectively on the revolution of the earth plane in two planes, and be pivot and can rotate by full angle with center of circle tie point.

2. multipurpose ruler according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described full time distribution scale outer shroud inside is provided with the expression coating mark at night; Be provided with expression night hemisphere (or the horizontal circle of Horizon coordinate system celestial sphere is with lower part) coating mark in the described schematic diagram at sunshine (or Horizon coordinate system celestial sphere schematic diagram).

3. multipurpose ruler according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described date at zero point boundary mark line and international date change mark line have direction indicative.

4. multipurpose ruler according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the longitude numerical value of described global warp distribution calibration loop and time zone, international 24 time zone sequence number distribute alternately.

5. multipurpose ruler according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the position of described Horizon coordinate system celestial sphere simple diagram zenith and nadir is provided with the visible marking, and the ring east longitude locates to be provided with the visible marking for 120 ° in the global warp distribution scale.

6. multipurpose ruler according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the scale number of lines of ring is between 24～360 in described full time distribution scale outer shroud and the global warp distribution scale.

7. multipurpose ruler according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the carrier that characterizes earth body, rotation phenomenon, all key elements of revolution phenomenon can be various planes stationery or teaching aids such as ruler, writing case, protractor, set square.

8. multipurpose ruler according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described rotation scheme and revolution scheme are split or integrative-structure.

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