CN219372004U - Voltage protection circuit - Google Patents
Voltage protection circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN219372004U CN219372004U CN202223032942.7U CN202223032942U CN219372004U CN 219372004 U CN219372004 U CN 219372004U CN 202223032942 U CN202223032942 U CN 202223032942U CN 219372004 U CN219372004 U CN 219372004U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a voltage protection circuit which comprises a high-voltage detection circuit, a low-voltage detection circuit, a first triode, a second triode and a switching circuit, wherein the high-voltage detection circuit is connected with the first triode, the first triode is connected with the switching circuit, and the high-voltage detection circuit is used for switching on the first triode when detecting that the input voltage is higher than a first preset value; the low-voltage detection circuit is connected with a second triode, and the second triode is connected with the first triode; the low-voltage detection circuit is used for detecting that the input voltage is lower than a second preset value and conducting the second triode, the second triode is used for conducting the first triode when being conducted by the second triode, and the on-off circuit is used for achieving turn-off when the first triode is conducted. The circuit structure of the voltage protection circuit provided by the utility model is simple and not complex, the circuit board area and the product volume of the voltage protection circuit are not required to be increased, the use of equipment for installing the voltage protection circuit by a user is convenient, the application range is wider, and the cost for realizing power supply protection is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of electronic circuits, and particularly relates to a voltage protection circuit.
Background
There are some unstable factors in the power supply circuit, and a loop designed to prevent such unstable factors from affecting the effect of the circuit is called a protection circuit, such as an overcurrent protection circuit, an overvoltage protection circuit, an overheat protection circuit, an idle protection circuit, a short-circuit protection circuit, and the like.
In a power supply protection circuit of an electronic product, for example, a power supply protection circuit of a product with a battery, a protection design is not generally performed, and when the product is charged and input, only a high-low voltage prompt is performed, and the power supply protection circuit does not have a function of automatically cutting off voltage input, so that the risk of damaging the product exists.
In order to realize the high-low voltage power supply protection function, the prior art generally uses schemes of adding mechanical switch circuits such as MCU or special chips, and the circuits using the two schemes are complex, and meanwhile, the area of the circuit board and the volume of the product are increased, which causes inconvenience to a certain extent.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the utility model provides a voltage protection circuit, which comprises a high-voltage detection circuit, a low-voltage detection circuit, a first triode, a second triode and an on-off circuit;
the high-voltage detection circuit is connected with the first triode, and the first triode is connected with the on-off circuit; the high-voltage detection circuit is used for switching on the first triode when detecting that the input voltage is higher than a first preset value;
the low-voltage detection circuit is connected with the second triode, and the second triode is connected with the first triode; the low-voltage detection circuit is used for detecting that the input voltage is lower than a second preset value and conducting the second triode, the second triode is used for conducting the first triode when being conducted by the second triode, and the on-off circuit is used for achieving turn-off when the first triode is conducted.
Specifically, the high-voltage detection circuit comprises a first resistor, a second resistor and a voltage stabilizing tube;
the first end of the first resistor and the first end of the second resistor are connected with the cathode of the voltage stabilizing tube together, the second end of the first resistor is connected with the emitter of the first triode and an external power supply voltage source together, the second end of the second resistor is connected with the base electrode of the first triode, the anode of the voltage stabilizing tube is grounded, and the collector electrode of the first triode is grounded.
Specifically, the low-voltage detection circuit comprises a third resistor, a fourth resistor and a comparator;
the first end of the third resistor, the first end of the fourth resistor and the reference end of the comparator are connected with an external detection voltage source together, the second end of the third resistor is connected with an external power supply voltage source, the first end of the fourth resistor and the anode of the comparator are grounded together, and the cathode of the comparator is connected with the base electrode of the second triode.
Further, the low-voltage detection circuit further comprises a first capacitor, a fifth resistor and a sixth resistor;
the first end of the first capacitor is commonly connected with the first end of the third resistor, the first end of the fourth resistor and the reference end of the comparator, and the second end of the first capacitor is commonly grounded with the first end of the fourth resistor and the anode of the comparator;
the cathode of the comparator, the first end of the sixth resistor and the first end of the fifth resistor are connected together, the second end of the sixth resistor and the second end of the third resistor are connected together to supply voltage, and the second end of the fifth resistor is connected with the base electrode of the second triode.
Specifically, the collector of the second triode is connected with the base of the first triode through a first diode and a seventh resistor:
the collector of the second triode is connected with the cathode of the first diode through the seventh resistor, and the anode of the first diode is commonly connected with the second end of the second resistor and the base of the first triode.
Preferably, the voltage protection circuit further includes a control switch, and a collector of the first triode is grounded through the control switch:
the first end of the control switch is connected with the collector electrode of the first triode, the second end of the control switch is connected with the base electrode of the first triode, the second end of the second resistor and the first end of the ninth resistor together, and the second end of the ninth resistor and the anode electrode of the first diode are grounded together.
Specifically, the on-off circuit comprises an eighth resistor and an MOS tube;
the grid electrode of the MOS tube is connected with the first end of the eighth resistor and the collector electrode of the first triode together, the drain electrode of the MOS tube is connected with the output terminal, and the source electrode of the MOS tube and the second end of the eighth resistor are connected with the emitter electrode of the first triode together.
Further, the on-off circuit further comprises a second capacitor, a tenth resistor and a second diode;
the drain electrode of the MOS tube, the first end of the tenth resistor and the cathode of the second diode are connected with the output terminal together, the second end of the tenth resistor is connected with the first end of the second capacitor, and one end of the output terminal, the second end of the second capacitor and the anode of the second diode are grounded together.
Optionally, the first triode and the second triode comprise NPN type triodes or PNP type triodes.
Optionally, the MOS transistor includes a P-type metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor.
The utility model has at least the following beneficial effects:
the circuit structure of the voltage protection circuit is not complex, and does not occupy extra use space, so that the area and the volume of equipment for installing the voltage protection circuit are not increased, and the use of a user is facilitated;
furthermore, the voltage protection circuit provided by the utility model has a wide application range, can realize high and low voltage protection of the circuit without adding an MCU or a special chip, can be formed by using electronic elements with lower cost, and reduces the cost required for realizing the power supply protection of the circuit.
Therefore, the utility model provides the voltage protection circuit, the circuit structure of the voltage protection circuit is simple and not complex, the circuit board area and the product volume of the voltage protection circuit are not required to be increased, the use of equipment for installing the voltage protection circuit by a user is convenient, the application range is wide, and the cost for realizing power supply protection is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit block diagram of a voltage protection circuit according to embodiment 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall circuit structure of the voltage protection circuit;
fig. 3 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of the voltage protection circuit including two MOS transistors.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present utility model will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the utility model. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.
Hereinafter, various embodiments of the present utility model will be described more fully. The utility model is capable of various embodiments and of modifications and variations therein. However, it should be understood that: there is no intention to limit the various embodiments of the utility model to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but rather the utility model is to be understood to cover all modifications, equivalents, and/or alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the various embodiments of the utility model.
Hereinafter, the terms "comprises" or "comprising" as may be used in various embodiments of the present utility model indicate the presence of the disclosed functions, operations or elements, and are not limiting of the addition of one or more functions, operations or elements. Furthermore, as used in various embodiments of the utility model, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and their cognate terms are intended to refer to a particular feature, number, step, operation, element, component, or combination of the foregoing, and should not be interpreted as first excluding the existence of or increasing likelihood of one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations of the foregoing.
In various embodiments of the utility model, the expression "or" at least one of a or/and B "includes any or all combinations of the words listed simultaneously. For example, the expression "a or B" or "at least one of a or/and B" may include a, may include B or may include both a and B.
Expressions (such as "first", "second", etc.) used in the various embodiments of the utility model may modify various constituent elements in the various embodiments, but the respective constituent elements may not be limited. For example, the above description does not limit the order and/or importance of the elements. The above description is only intended to distinguish one element from another element. For example, the first user device and the second user device indicate different user devices, although both are user devices. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and, similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of various embodiments of the present utility model.
It should be noted that: in the present utility model, unless explicitly specified and defined otherwise, terms such as "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; may be a communication between the interiors of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the present utility model, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the terms indicating an orientation or a positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience of description and simplicity of description, not to indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the utility model.
The terminology used in the various embodiments of the utility model is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the various embodiments of the utility model. As used herein, the singular is intended to include the plural as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which various embodiments of the utility model belong. The terms (such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries) will be interpreted as having a meaning that is the same as the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein in connection with the various embodiments of the utility model.
Example 1
The embodiment proposes a voltage protection circuit, which is used for realizing a full-hardware full-turn-off output function when an input voltage within a certain range is normally output to a load end and the input voltage is detected to be beyond a preset high-low standard, and referring to fig. 1 and 2, the voltage protection circuit specifically comprises a high-voltage detection circuit, a low-voltage detection circuit, a first triode Q1, a second triode Q2 and an on-off circuit S;
the high-voltage detection circuit is connected with a first triode Q1, and the first triode Q1 is connected with an on-off circuit S; the high-voltage detection circuit is used for switching on the first triode Q1 when detecting that the input voltage is higher than a first preset value;
the low-voltage detection circuit is connected with a second triode Q2, and the second triode Q2 is connected with a first triode Q1; the low-voltage detection circuit is used for detecting that the input voltage is lower than a second preset value and conducting the second triode Q2, the second triode Q2 is used for conducting the first triode Q1 when being conducted, and the on-off circuit S is used for achieving turn-off when the first triode Q1 is conducted.
The first triode Q1 and the second triode Q2 may include NPN type triodes or PNP type triodes, and in this embodiment, the first triode Q1 is a PNP type triode and the second triode Q2 is an NPN type triode.
The NPN transistor is a transistor formed by sandwiching a P-type semiconductor between two N-type semiconductors, and is a transistor in which current flows from the emitter E; the PNP transistor is a transistor composed of two P-type semiconductors with an N-type semiconductor sandwiched therebetween, and is a transistor into which current flows from an emitter E.
Specifically, the high voltage detection circuit includes a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, and a regulator tube D1, where the regulator tube D1 is configured to detect a high voltage, so as to turn on the first triode Q1 when the input voltage is higher than a first preset value;
the first end of the first resistor R1 and the first end of the second resistor R2 are commonly connected with the cathode of the voltage stabilizing tube D1, the second end of the first resistor R1 is commonly connected with the emitter E of the first triode Q1 and an external power supply voltage source VCC, the second end of the second resistor R2 is connected with the base B of the first triode Q1, the anode of the voltage stabilizing tube D1 is grounded, and the collector C of the first triode Q1 is grounded;
the second end of the first resistor R1, the emitter E of the first triode Q1 and the external power supply VCC are also connected with the first end of the input terminal P1, and the first end of the input terminal P2 is grounded.
The low-voltage detection circuit comprises a first capacitor, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6 and a comparator D2;
the first end of the third resistor R3, the first end of the fourth resistor R4 and the reference end of the comparator D2 are commonly connected with an external detection voltage source, the second end of the third resistor R3 is connected with an external power supply voltage source VCC, the first end of the fourth resistor R4 and the anode of the comparator D2 are commonly grounded, and the cathode of the comparator D2 is connected with the base B of the second triode Q2;
the first end of the first capacitor is commonly connected with the first end of the third resistor R3, the first end of the fourth resistor R4 and the reference end of the comparator D2, and the second end of the first capacitor is commonly grounded with the first end of the fourth resistor R4 and the anode of the comparator D2;
the cathode of the comparator D2 and the first end of the sixth resistor R6 are commonly connected with the first end of the fifth resistor R5, the second end of the sixth resistor R6 and the second end of the third resistor R3 are commonly connected with the power supply voltage, and the second end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected with the base B of the second triode Q2.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment, the network detection voltage provided by the detection voltage source is 2.5V, and the comparator D2 can regulate and control the on or off of the second triode Q2 through the fifth resistor R5 by adjusting the parameters of the third resistor R3 and the fourth resistor R4;
there are many alternative types of specific comparators, and comparator D2 includes, but is not limited to, any known type of comparator, in this embodiment comparator D2 having a type TL431.
Specifically, the collector C of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the base B of the first transistor Q1 through a first diode D3 and a seventh resistor R7:
the collector C of the second triode Q2 is connected to the cathode of the first diode D3 through a seventh resistor R7, and the anode of the first diode D3 is commonly connected to the second end of the second resistor R2 and the base B of the first triode Q1.
Preferably, the voltage protection circuit further includes a control switch SW connected to the first transistor Q1, for enabling the apparatus for mounting the voltage protection circuit to implement the switching circuit through the control switch SW;
specifically, the collector C of the first triode Q1 is grounded through a control switch SW, a first end of the control switch SW is connected to the collector C of the first triode Q1, a second end of the control switch SW is commonly connected to the base B of the first triode Q1, a second end of the second resistor R2, and a first end of the ninth resistor R9, and a second end of the ninth resistor R9 is commonly grounded to the anode of the first diode D3.
Specifically, the on-off circuit S comprises a second capacitor, an eighth resistor R8, a tenth resistor R10, a second diode D4 and a MOS tube;
the grid electrode G of the MOS tube is commonly connected with the first end of the eighth resistor R8 and the collector electrode C of the first triode Q1, the drain electrode D of the MOS tube is connected with the output terminal P2, and the source electrode S of the MOS tube and the second end of the eighth resistor R8 are commonly connected with the emitter electrode E of the first triode Q1;
the drain electrode D of the MOS tube, the first end of the tenth resistor R10 and the cathode of the second diode D4 are commonly connected with the output terminal P2, the second end of the tenth resistor R10 is connected with the first end of the second capacitor, and one end of the output terminal P2, the second end of the second capacitor and the anode of the second diode D4 are commonly grounded.
In a specific embodiment, the on-off circuit S includes a first MOS transistor Q3 and a second MOS transistor Q4, please refer to fig. 3, a gate G of the first MOS transistor Q3 is commonly connected with a first end of the eighth resistor R8 and a collector C of the first triode Q1, a drain D of the first MOS transistor Q3 and a drain D of the second MOS transistor Q4 are commonly connected with the output terminal P2, and a source S of the first MOS transistor Q3, a source S of the second MOS transistor Q4 and a second end of the eighth resistor R8 are commonly connected with an emitter E of the first triode Q1.
It should be noted that, the MOS transistor is called a metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor, and can be classified into two types of "N-type" and "P-type" according to the polarity of the "channel" (working carrier), which are commonly called as NMOSFET and PMOSFET; in this embodiment, the MOS transistor includes a pmos field effect transistor.
In a specific embodiment, the first preset value is the voltage value of the voltage-stabilizing tube D1, the second preset value is the voltage value of the comparator D2, and the working principle of the protection circuit is as follows:
when the high-voltage detection circuit detects that the input voltage is higher than the voltage value of the voltage stabilizing tube D1, the first triode Q1 is conducted, and the on-off circuit S is turned off due to the conduction of the first triode Q1, so that the high-voltage protection function of the circuit is realized;
when the low-voltage detection circuit detects that the input voltage is lower than the voltage value of the comparator D2, the second triode Q2 is conducted, the first triode Q1 is conducted when the second triode Q2 is conducted, and the on-off circuit S is turned off due to the fact that the first triode Q1 is conducted, so that the low-voltage protection function of the circuit is achieved.
In summary, the present utility model provides a voltage protection circuit, which has a simple and uncomplicated circuit structure, does not need to increase the circuit board area and the product volume of the voltage protection circuit, facilitates the use of equipment for installing the voltage protection circuit by a user, has a wide application range, and reduces the cost for realizing power supply protection.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the utility model is not intended to limit the utility model to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the utility model are intended to be included within the scope of the utility model.
Claims (10)
1. The voltage protection circuit is characterized by comprising a high-voltage detection circuit, a low-voltage detection circuit, a first triode, a second triode and an on-off circuit;
the high-voltage detection circuit is connected with the first triode, and the first triode is connected with the on-off circuit; the high-voltage detection circuit is used for switching on the first triode when detecting that the input voltage is higher than a first preset value;
the low-voltage detection circuit is connected with the second triode, and the second triode is connected with the first triode; the low-voltage detection circuit is used for detecting that the input voltage is lower than a second preset value and conducting the second triode, the second triode is used for conducting the first triode when being conducted by the second triode, and the on-off circuit is used for achieving turn-off when the first triode is conducted.
2. The voltage protection circuit of claim 1, wherein the high voltage detection circuit comprises a first resistor, a second resistor, and a regulator tube;
the first end of the first resistor and the first end of the second resistor are connected with the cathode of the voltage stabilizing tube together, the second end of the first resistor is connected with the emitter of the first triode and an external power supply voltage source together, the second end of the second resistor is connected with the base electrode of the first triode, the anode of the voltage stabilizing tube is grounded, and the collector electrode of the first triode is grounded.
3. The voltage protection circuit of claim 2, wherein the low voltage detection circuit comprises a third resistor, a fourth resistor, and a comparator;
the first end of the third resistor, the first end of the fourth resistor and the reference end of the comparator are connected with an external detection voltage source together, the second end of the third resistor is connected with an external power supply voltage source, the first end of the fourth resistor and the anode of the comparator are grounded together, and the cathode of the comparator is connected with the base electrode of the second triode.
4. The voltage protection circuit of claim 3, wherein the low voltage detection circuit further comprises a first capacitor, a fifth resistor, and a sixth resistor;
the first end of the first capacitor is commonly connected with the first end of the third resistor, the first end of the fourth resistor and the reference end of the comparator, and the second end of the first capacitor is commonly grounded with the first end of the fourth resistor and the anode of the comparator;
the cathode of the comparator, the first end of the sixth resistor and the first end of the fifth resistor are connected together, the second end of the sixth resistor and the second end of the third resistor are connected together to supply voltage, and the second end of the fifth resistor is connected with the base electrode of the second triode.
5. A voltage protection circuit according to claim 3, wherein the collector of the second transistor is connected to the base of the first transistor through a first diode, a seventh resistor:
the collector of the second triode is connected with the cathode of the first diode through the seventh resistor, and the anode of the first diode is commonly connected with the second end of the second resistor and the base of the first triode.
6. The voltage protection circuit of claim 5, further comprising a control switch, the collector of the first transistor being grounded through the control switch:
the first end of the control switch is connected with the collector electrode of the first triode, the second end of the control switch is connected with the base electrode of the first triode, the second end of the second resistor and the first end of the ninth resistor together, and the second end of the ninth resistor and the anode electrode of the first diode are grounded together.
7. The voltage protection circuit of claim 1, wherein the on-off circuit comprises an eighth resistor and a MOS transistor;
the grid electrode of the MOS tube is connected with the first end of the eighth resistor and the collector electrode of the first triode together, the drain electrode of the MOS tube is connected with the output terminal, and the source electrode of the MOS tube and the second end of the eighth resistor are connected with the emitter electrode of the first triode together.
8. The voltage protection circuit of claim 7, wherein the on-off circuit further comprises a second capacitor, a tenth resistor, a second diode;
the drain electrode of the MOS tube, the first end of the tenth resistor and the cathode of the second diode are connected with the output terminal together, the second end of the tenth resistor is connected with the first end of the second capacitor, and one end of the output terminal, the second end of the second capacitor and the anode of the second diode are grounded together.
9. The voltage protection circuit of any of claims 1-5, wherein the first transistor, the second transistor comprise NPN transistors or PNP transistors.
10. The voltage protection circuit of claim 7 or 8, wherein the MOS transistor comprises a P-type metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202223032942.7U CN219372004U (en) | 2022-11-14 | 2022-11-14 | Voltage protection circuit |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202223032942.7U CN219372004U (en) | 2022-11-14 | 2022-11-14 | Voltage protection circuit |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN219372004U true CN219372004U (en) | 2023-07-18 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202223032942.7U Active CN219372004U (en) | 2022-11-14 | 2022-11-14 | Voltage protection circuit |
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| CN (1) | CN219372004U (en) |
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