CN219328791U

CN219328791U - Fertilizer leaching and ammonia volatilizing integrated acquisition device

Info

Publication number: CN219328791U
Application number: CN202320082966.9U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张超一; 刘峰; 彭智; 宋海妹; 单俊伟
Original assignee: Qingdao Haida Biological Group Co ltd
Current assignee: Qingdao Haida Biological Group Co ltd
Priority date: 2023-01-28
Filing date: 2023-01-28
Publication date: 2023-07-11
Anticipated expiration: 2033-01-28

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of experimental simulation devices, and discloses a fertilizer leaching and ammonia volatilization integrated acquisition device which comprises a leaching device, a glass sheet, an ammonia absorption device, a leaching liquid collection device and a vacuum pump, wherein the leaching liquid collection device is arranged on the glass sheet; the top of the leaching device is sealed by a glass sheet, the bottom of the leaching device is sealed by a bottom plate, the glass sheet is provided with an injection hole and an air outlet hole, and the bottom plate is provided with a plurality of through holes; the leaching solution collecting device is communicated with the leaching device bottom plate; the ammonia absorption device is communicated with the air outlet hole of the glass sheet through a rubber tube. The utility model can realize the full collection of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients of the fertilizer in soil through the integration of retention, leaching and ammonia volatilization, thereby ensuring that the measurement result is more accurate and comprehensive.

Description

Fertilizer leaching and ammonia volatilizing integrated acquisition device

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of experimental simulation devices, in particular to a fertilizer leaching and ammonia volatilization integrated acquisition device.

Background

The production of fertilizer and consumption of China are large countries, the annual average yield of fertilizer reaches 6 kilotons from 2011 to 2021, and the annual average consumption of fertilizer is nearly 6 kilotons. The core reasons of the huge fertilizer yield and dosage are that the fertilizer utilization rate in the agricultural production process of China is too low, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of China is generally 30% -40%, the potassium fertilizer utilization rate is generally not more than 50%, and the phosphate fertilizer utilization rate is only 15% -25%. The low fertilizer utilization rate in China is mainly caused by the unnecessary loss of fertilizer due to objective factors such as volatilization (ammonia volatilization), soil fixation (phosphorus fixation), leaching effect of precipitation (potassium leaching) and the like except for unreasonable fertilizer application measures of farmers.

At present, an leaching device or an ammonia volatilizing device is a convenient and effective way for detecting fertilizer loss, but the device designed aiming at single research contents such as leaching, ammonia volatilizing and the like is simpler, the leaching and ammonia volatilizing integrated accurate collection cannot be realized, the patent application with the publication number of CN114002007A is a device for analyzing soil leaching, and the soil nitrogen volatilizing loss cannot be detected; the patent application with publication number of CN205404418U is an ammonia volatilization absorption device, and can not detect leaching loss of phosphorus and potassium in soil; the patent application with publication number of CN207133286U discloses a soil column device capable of detecting leaching and ammonia volatilization in an integrated manner, which is designed to absorb ammonia through a sponge containing phosphoglycerol, and the ammonia volatilization amount is large and can not be absorbed completely.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims to solve the defects of insufficient ammonia absorption, inaccurate test results and the like of the conventional device, and provides an integrated collecting device for keeping, leaching and volatilizing ammonia of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients of a fertilizer in soil.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the present utility model is as follows: the integrated collecting device comprises a leaching device, a glass sheet, an ammonia absorbing device, a leaching liquid collecting device and a vacuum pump; the leaching device is of a cylindrical barrel structure, the top of the leaching device is sealed by a glass sheet, the bottom of the leaching device is sealed by a bottom plate, the glass sheet is provided with an injection hole and an air outlet hole, and the bottom plate is provided with a plurality of through holes; the leaching solution collecting device is of a hollow hemispherical structure, the top of the leaching solution collecting device is communicated with a leaching device bottom plate, and the bottom of the leaching solution collecting device is provided with a liquid outlet; the ammonia absorption device comprises three absorption bottles, boric acid absorption liquid is filled in the absorption bottles, the three absorption bottles are sequentially communicated through rubber tubes, and the ammonia absorption device is communicated with the air outlet holes of the glass sheet through the rubber tubes.

Further; the three absorption bottles are sequentially communicated through a second rubber tube, the air inlet end of the second rubber tube is above the liquid level of boric acid absorption liquid in the front absorption bottle, the air outlet end of the second rubber tube is below the liquid level of boric acid absorption liquid in the rear absorption bottle, the first absorption bottle is communicated with the air outlet hole of the glass sheet through a first rubber tube, and the air outlet end of the first rubber tube is below the liquid level of boric acid absorption liquid in the absorption bottle; the tail end of the absorption bottle is inserted with a third rubber tube, the air inlet end of the third rubber tube is above the liquid level of the boric acid absorption liquid, and the air outlet end of the third rubber tube is provided with a vacuum pump.

The utility model has the beneficial effects that:

(1) The utility model is used for laboratory detection, does not need to select a field, is not interfered by environmental factors such as natural precipitation, topography and the like, avoids complex operation of time and labor consumption in field sampling, and has simple and convenient operation and rapid acquisition flow.

(2) The utility model can realize the full collection of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients of the fertilizer in soil through the integration of retention, leaching and ammonia volatilization, thereby ensuring that the measurement result is more accurate and comprehensive.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present utility model;

FIG. 2 is a top plan view of a leaching device floor;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the leaching solution collecting apparatus.

In the figure: 1. leaching device; 2. a glass sheet; 3. leaching solution collecting device; 4. a glass absorption bottle; 5. a second rubber tube; 6. a first rubber tube; 7. a third rubber tube; 8. a vacuum pump; 9. an injection hole; 10. a bottom plate; 11. a through hole; 12. a liquid outlet; 13. a rubber stopper; 14. and (3) a bracket.

Detailed Description

Examples:

as shown in fig. 1 to 3, an integrated collecting device for leaching and volatilizing fertilizer comprises a leaching device 1, a glass sheet 2, an ammonia absorbing device, a leaching solution collecting device 3 and a vacuum pump 8; the leaching device 1 is of a cylindrical barrel structure and is supported and fixed through a bracket 14, the top of the leaching device 1 is sealed by a glass sheet 2, the bottom of the leaching device is sealed by a bottom plate 10, the glass sheet 2 is provided with an injection hole 9 and an air outlet, and the bottom plate 10 is provided with a plurality of through holes 11; the leaching solution collecting device 3 is of a hollow hemispherical structure, the top of the leaching solution collecting device 3 is communicated with a bottom plate 10 of the leaching device 1, and a liquid outlet 12 is formed in the bottom of the leaching solution collecting device.

The ammonia absorption device comprises three glass absorption bottles 4, the bottle mouths of the glass absorption bottles 4 are sealed by rubber plugs 13, the three glass absorption bottles 4 are sequentially communicated through second rubber tubes 5, boric acid absorption liquid is filled in the glass absorption bottles 4, the air inlet end of the second rubber tube 5 is above the boric acid absorption liquid level of the front-end glass absorption bottle 4, the air outlet end of the second rubber tube is below the boric acid absorption liquid level of the rear-end glass absorption bottle 4, the first glass absorption bottle 4 is communicated with the air outlet holes of the glass sheet 2 through first rubber tubes 6, and the air outlet end of the first rubber tube 6 is below the boric acid absorption liquid level of the glass absorption bottle 4; the tail end of the glass absorption bottle 4 is inserted with a third rubber tube 7, the air inlet end of the third rubber tube 7 is above the liquid level of the boric acid absorption liquid, and the air outlet end is provided with a vacuum pump 8.

Working principle:

(1) Placing a piece of filter paper (avoiding soil leakage) on a bottom plate 10 of the leaching device 1, weighing 2.5kg of dried soil, sieving the dried soil with a 16-mesh steel sieve, and adding the soil into the leaching device 1;

(2) Dissolving 1g of conventional 18-18-18 compound fertilizer (nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium) in 50ml of distilled water, adding into a leaching device 1, covering with a glass sheet 2, and sealing;

(3) Distilled water is added into the leaching device 1 through the injection hole 9 to enable the soil to reach the maximum field water holding capacity; then 200mL of distilled water is added into the leaching device 1 to simulate the leaching process of the field rainfall fertilizer, and leaching solution is collected in the leaching solution collecting device 3;

(4) Starting a vacuum pump 8 to suck ammonia volatilized into the air into boric acid absorption liquid in a mode of air suction and decompression, wherein the boric acid absorption liquid contains 2% of boric acid and methyl red-bromocresol green mixed indicator, so that ammonia is absorbed and fixed by the boric acid absorption liquid, and ammonia volatilization collection is realized;

(5) Finally, taking out the soil column in the leaching device 1, sampling, naturally airing in a shade place, grinding, and then sieving with a 16-mesh steel sieve for measuring nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium;

(6) Soil ammonia volatilization was determined by acid-base titration, nitrogen was determined by Kjeldahl method, phosphorus was determined by Olsen method, and potassium was determined by flame photometry.

The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present utility model, and the present utility model is not limited in any way, and other variations and modifications may be made without departing from the technical aspects set forth in the claims.

In the description of the present utility model, it should be understood that the terms "orientation" or "positional relationship" are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience of description and to simplify the description, rather than to indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operate in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the utility model.

Claims

1. Fertilizer leaching and ammonia volatilize integrated acquisition device, its characterized in that: comprises a leaching device, a glass sheet, an ammonia absorption device, a leaching solution collecting device and a vacuum pump; the leaching device is of a cylindrical barrel structure, the top of the leaching device is sealed by a glass sheet, the bottom of the leaching device is sealed by a bottom plate, the glass sheet is provided with an injection hole and an air outlet hole, and the bottom plate is provided with a plurality of through holes; the leaching solution collecting device is of a hollow hemispherical structure, the top of the leaching solution collecting device is communicated with a leaching device bottom plate, and the bottom of the leaching solution collecting device is provided with a liquid outlet; the ammonia absorption device comprises three absorption bottles, boric acid absorption liquid is filled in the absorption bottles, the three absorption bottles are sequentially communicated through rubber tubes, and the ammonia absorption device is communicated with the air outlet holes of the glass sheet through the rubber tubes.

2. The integrated fertilizer leaching and ammonia volatilization collection device according to claim 1, wherein: the three absorption bottles are sequentially communicated through a second rubber tube, the air inlet end of the second rubber tube is above the liquid level of boric acid absorption liquid in the front absorption bottle, the air outlet end of the second rubber tube is below the liquid level of boric acid absorption liquid in the rear absorption bottle, the first absorption bottle is communicated with the air outlet hole of the glass sheet through a first rubber tube, and the air outlet end of the first rubber tube is below the liquid level of boric acid absorption liquid in the absorption bottle; the tail end of the absorption bottle is inserted with a third rubber tube, the air inlet end of the third rubber tube is above the liquid level of the boric acid absorption liquid, and the air outlet end of the third rubber tube is provided with a vacuum pump.