CN219300754U

CN219300754U - Solid waste treatment system of grate furnace

Info

Publication number: CN219300754U
Application number: CN202320197055.0U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陆华
Original assignee: Suzhou 3d Fluid Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Suzhou 3d Fluid Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2023-02-13
Filing date: 2023-02-13
Publication date: 2023-07-04
Anticipated expiration: 2033-02-13

Abstract

The utility model discloses a fire grate furnace solid waste treatment system which comprises a fire grate furnace, a reforming combustion chamber, a heat exchange system and a quenching device. The grate furnace relatively separates the incineration area from the treatment area, and carries out high-temperature treatment on ash slag generated by the incinerator through structural optimization, so that incombustible inorganic matters and partial unburnt combustible organic matters in the incinerated ash slag are reduced, and meanwhile, the molten materials after the high-temperature treatment can also recover iron metal and polymers. The system of the utility model can treat solid waste in a large scale, especially can treat solid waste with larger water content, can almost completely crack toxic and harmful substances such as dioxin and the like, and can even achieve zero emission of dioxin.

Description

Solid waste treatment system of grate furnace

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the field of solid waste treatment, in particular to a fire grate furnace solid waste treatment system.

Background

The requirements for the treatment of household garbage in developed and developing countries are continuously increasing with the increasing requirements of people on environmental protection. The household garbage treatment technology is certainly implemented and developed around the targets of reduction, reclamation and harmlessness, and particularly effective measures are adopted to promote the resource development and utilization of the household garbage, so that the household garbage treatment technology has been paid attention to the world. The source and the components of the household garbage are quite complex (especially under the condition of incomplete garbage classification), and the difficulty of complete harmless and reduction is high. Various methods and approaches are formed through long-term research and practice, and currently commonly used municipal solid waste treatment technologies include incineration and pyrolysis gasification.

The incineration treatment is a method for chemically reacting combustible components in garbage with oxygen in air under high temperature condition, giving off heat, converting the combustible components into high-temperature combustion gas and small and stable solid residues, and killing viruses and bacteria. The advantages are that the volume can be obviously reduced, the space of the landfill site can be saved, and the waste heat recovery and the power generation can be carried out. The incineration can reduce the weight of the garbage by 75 percent and the volume by about 90 percent, thereby effectively recycling the energy. The garbage incineration technology has been developed for decades, and is increasingly valued in the harmless treatment of the domestic garbage, and the occupation proportion in the urban domestic garbage treatment is increased year by year. Compared with the traditional landfill and composting, the treatment method for generating electricity or heating by garbage incineration can effectively reduce the weight and the volume of garbage (respectively 80 percent and more than 90 percent), and can effectively save land. However, the conventional garbage incineration still has the defects. For example, dioxin emission control is difficult, exceeding is easy, and incineration of bottom slag and fly ash is easy to cause secondary pollution.

In recent years, the technology of treating household garbage by plasma has become a research hot spot at home and abroad. The high temperature provided by the plasma gasification can solve the problem of secondary pollution in the traditional incineration, and has good environmental protection benefit. However, the plasma gasification melting technology consumes large energy, and the treatment scale of the system limited by the power of the plasma torch cannot be too large, and household garbage with large water content cannot be effectively treated.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the utility model is studied intensively in the aspect of solid waste treatment, and the novel fire grate solid waste treatment system obtained by modification on the basis of the traditional fire grate has the advantages of large solid waste treatment scale and no special treatment for household garbage with large water content. The present utility model has been completed based at least in part on this. Specifically, the present utility model includes the following.

The utility model provides a fire grate furnace solid waste treatment system, its includes fire grate furnace, reforming combustion chamber, heat exchange system and rapid cooling device, wherein:

the grate furnace comprises an incineration zone and a treatment zone, wherein the incineration zone comprises a solid waste inlet, a steam outlet, a first flue gas outlet and a combustion chamber, the combustion chamber is provided with an inclined surface which is inclined downwards from the solid waste inlet and is used for enabling solid waste to move downwards along the inclined surface and incinerate at the same time, a partition plate is arranged above the combustion chamber and divides the combustion chamber into a first chamber and a second chamber, the steam outlet is arranged in the first chamber, the first flue gas outlet is arranged in the second chamber, the treatment zone is arranged below the incineration zone and comprises a furnace wall, a molten pool and a first plasma torch, and the first plasma torch is arranged on the furnace wall;

the reforming combustion chamber is provided with a second plasma torch for treating the flue gas generated by the grate furnace to obtain reformed flue gas;

the heat exchange system is used for exchanging heat of the reformed smoke to the circulation system and obtaining cooling smoke at the same time;

the quenching device is arranged to quench the temperature of the cooled flue gas to below 200 ℃ within 1 second.

In certain embodiments, the grate furnace further comprises a second flue gas outlet disposed above the treatment zone, and the first flue gas outlet and the second flue gas outlet communicate at an end remote from the grate furnace to form a total outlet.

In certain embodiments, a feed system is further included and is coupled to the solid waste inlet and the total outlet is coupled to the reforming combustor.

In certain embodiments, a slag outlet is arranged below the treatment zone, a flange is arranged on the upper outer side of the treatment zone, and the treatment zone and the incineration zone can be fixedly connected through the flange; and the upper inner side of the treatment area is provided with a guiding inclined plane for guiding ash slag to enter the treatment area.

In certain embodiments, the inclined surface comprises a drying section and a combustion section, the steam outlet is arranged above the first chamber, the lower part of the steam outlet corresponds to the drying section of the inclined surface, the first flue gas outlet is arranged above the second chamber, the lower part of the first flue gas outlet corresponds to the combustion section of the inclined surface, and the partition plate is kept at a certain distance from the inclined surface, so that solid waste is allowed to enter the combustion section from the drying section.

In certain embodiments, the treatment zone comprises a steel structural shell, a layer of aluminum silicate insulation material, a layer of aluminum oxide insulation material, a layer of zirconium oxide insulation material, and a silicon carbide inner liner.

In certain embodiments, the grate furnace solid waste treatment system of the present utility model further comprises a slag water quenching device configured to receive slag generated by the molten bath and to water quench the slag. Preferably, the device further comprises a deacidification device, and the deacidification device comprises an alkali liquor supply system and a sewage treatment system.

In certain embodiments, the quench device comprises a spray device and a water supply.

In certain embodiments, the solid waste is kitchen waste and/or hazardous waste.

The system of the utility model can also effectively reduce the processing cost and obviously improve the benefit. In addition, the system can treat solid waste in a large scale, the combustion bottom slag and fly ash enter a treatment area, harmful components such as sulfur, heavy metals and the like are solidified in slag similar to glass bodies under the action of high temperature, and the system can be used in the fields of paving buildings and the like, and the capacity reduction rate of the solid waste can reach more than 97 vol%. In addition, the system can treat solid waste with larger water content, almost completely crack toxic and harmful substances such as dioxin and the like, and even realize zero emission of the dioxin in the flue gas.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is an overall block diagram of an exemplary grate furnace solid waste treatment system of the present utility model.

Fig. 2 is a block diagram of an exemplary grate furnace of the present utility model.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an exemplary grate furnace treatment zone of the present utility model.

Description of the reference numerals

1-feeding device, 2-grate furnace, 3-reforming combustion chamber, 3-1-second plasma torch, 4-heat exchange system, 5-quenching device, 6-deacidification device, 7-bag dust collector, 8-induced draft fan, 9-adsorption device, 10-chimney, 11-storage chamber, 12-assay analysis system, 13-slag water quenching device, 14-heat user, 15-water supply system, 16-alkali liquor supply system and 17-sewage treatment system;

100-incineration area, 110-solid waste inlet, 120-steam outlet, 140-first flue gas outlet, 150-second flue gas outlet, 130-combustion chamber, 131-inclined plane, 132-baffle, 133-drying section, 134-combustion section, 160-total outlet;

200-treatment zone, 210-furnace wall, 220-molten pool, 230-first plasma torch, 240-flange, 250-slag outlet, 260-guiding slope, 211-steel structural shell, 212-aluminum silicate insulation material layer, 213-aluminum oxide insulation material layer, 214-zirconium oxide insulation material layer, 215-silicon carbide inner liner.

Detailed Description

Various exemplary embodiments of the utility model will now be described in detail, which should not be considered as limiting the utility model, but rather as more detailed descriptions of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the utility model.

It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the utility model. In addition, for numerical ranges in the present utility model, it is understood that the upper and lower limits of the ranges and each intermediate value therebetween are specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also encompassed within the utility model. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.

The term "fire grate solid waste treatment system" of the present utility model, sometimes referred to as "the system of the present utility model", refers to a fire grate-based system having two treatment modes, common incineration and plasma treatment. Specifically, solid waste and ash slag generated by the solid waste are treated by the combination of incineration and first plasma torch treatment, so that sufficient and effective reduction can be realized, and the amount can reach more than 95 vol%; on the other hand, the solid waste and the smoke generated by the solid waste are treated by the combination of incineration and the treatment of the second plasma torch, so that toxic and harmful substances such as dioxin and the like are almost completely cracked, and even zero emission of the dioxin can be achieved. The system of the utility model is particularly suitable for the disposal of waste which is not thoroughly classified. In certain embodiments, the system of the present utility model is also particularly suited for the treatment of waste with a relatively high water content. In certain embodiments, the system of the present utility model is also particularly suited for the treatment of hazardous solid wastes.

The system of the utility model comprises a grate furnace, a reforming combustion chamber, a heat exchange system and a quenching device. Optionally, other systems or devices may be further included. Such as feed systems, slag water quenching devices, deacidification devices, dust circulation systems, bag house dust collectors, and exhaust systems, among others. The respective components are described in detail below.

[ feeding System ]

The feeding system of the utility model is used for feeding solid waste to the grate furnace. Preferably, the feeding system comprises a storage compartment, an assay analysis system and a feeding device. The storage chamber is used for storing solid waste. The assay analysis system of the present utility model is used to analyze the composition or risk of solid waste. Optionally, the feeding system of the present utility model further comprises a crushing and compounding device for pre-treating the solid waste, including crushing and/or compounding different solid wastes. The feeding device is connected with the feeding system.

[ grate furnace ]

The grate furnace has two functions of burning and melting, and solid waste burning and ash treatment are respectively carried out in different areas. Compared with the traditional incinerator or high-temperature treatment furnace, the utility model can carry out solid waste treatment on a large scale, can avoid secondary pollution and greatly reduce the treatment cost. The grate furnace is particularly suitable for being combined with a flue gas reforming combustion chamber and is also particularly suitable for treating the waste which is not thoroughly classified. The grate furnace of the utility model comprises an incineration area and a treatment area.

The incineration zone comprises a solid waste inlet, a steam outlet, a first flue gas outlet and a combustion chamber, wherein the combustion chamber is provided with an inclined plane which is inclined downwards from the solid waste inlet and is used for enabling garbage to move downwards along the inclined plane and incinerating, a partition plate is arranged above the combustion chamber and divides the combustion chamber into a first chamber and a second chamber, the steam outlet is arranged in the first chamber, and the first flue gas outlet is arranged in the second chamber.

The combustion chamber of the present utility model is a space for burning the solid wastes, and is provided so that the solid wastes can be burned at a temperature of 700 to 900 ℃, preferably 750 to 890 ℃, more preferably 800 to 850 ℃. The combustion chamber is provided with a slope which is inclined downwards from the solid waste inlet and is used for burning the garbage while the garbage moves downwards along the slope. Preferably, the inclined plane comprises a drying section and a combustion section, wherein waste heat generated by the combustion section dehydrates and dries the garbage on the drying section, and air is introduced to mix water vapor and air and output through a water vapor outlet. And natural gas and air are fully introduced in the combustion process, so that the garbage is thoroughly burnt.

The upper part of the combustion chamber is also provided with a partition plate, preferably, the partition plate is arranged vertically downwards, and the partition plate only separates the upper space of the combustion chamber relatively independently, namely, the combustion chamber is divided into a first chamber and a second chamber. Preferably, a steam outlet is arranged above the first chamber, the lower part of the steam outlet corresponds to the drying section of the inclined plane, and a first flue gas outlet is arranged above the second chamber, and the lower part of the steam outlet corresponds to the combustion section of the inclined plane. The partition is kept at a distance from the inclined plane so as to allow the solid waste to enter the combustion section from the drying section, i.e. a gap allowing the solid waste to pass is provided between the partition and the inclined plane. The specific structure of the combustion chamber is particularly suitable for treating solid wastes with high water content, such as kitchen waste.

The solid waste inlet of the present utility model is an inlet for allowing garbage and the like to enter the incineration area. Preferably, the solid waste inlet has a slope of 25-35 degrees, preferably 26-34 degrees, more preferably 28-32 degrees. The slope is favorable for solid waste and other garbage to enter the combustion chamber. Preferably, the ramp is at an angle to the incline of the combustion chamber for smooth entry of waste.

The steam outlet is arranged above the combustion chamber and is used for discharging the steam obtained in the drying section. Preferably, the steam outlet is a cylinder of uniform cross section and is connected to the output pipe by a flange. The discharged steam may be further used for power generation and the like.

The first flue gas outlet is used for discharging flue gas obtained in the incineration area. In the case of insufficient combustion, the flue gas obtained in the incineration zone contains relatively high amounts of harmful components, such as dioxins, CO, etc., and is usually discharged after further treatments, including reforming the flue gas at 1100-1300 c, deacidification, filtration, etc. Preferably, the first flue gas outlet is arranged above the second chamber, and the design is beneficial to timely discharging the flue gas.

In certain embodiments, the second flue gas outlet of the present utility model is disposed above the treatment zone, for example, on a side wall of the incineration zone at the lower end of the incineration zone that is located against the treatment zone. The second flue gas outlet is used for discharging flue gas obtained in the treatment area. The inventors found that the incineration efficiency of the incineration area can be improved by providing the above-mentioned second flue gas outlet. Preferably, the first flue gas outlet and the second flue gas outlet communicate at an end remote from the incinerator to form a total outlet. Preferably, the distance of the first flue gas outlet from the total outlet and the distance of the second flue gas outlet from the total outlet are each 1-5m, more preferably 2-4m. If the distance is too large, the harmful component tends to become high.

In certain embodiments, the second chamber of the present utility model includes a flue gas flow directing section that is a ramp that tapers toward the first flue gas outlet. The inventor finds that the design is beneficial to timely discharging the flue gas, is more beneficial to full combustion of solid waste and improves the combustion efficiency. In certain embodiments, for adequate combustion, the incineration zone, particularly the second chamber, may be fed with a fuel (e.g., natural gas) or an oxidizer, and the oxygen content may also be increased by oxygenation means.

The treatment zone of the utility model is arranged below the incineration zone and comprises a furnace wall, a molten pool and a first plasma torch, wherein the first plasma torch is arranged on the furnace wall. Preferably, the treatment zone further comprises a slag outlet arranged below the treatment zone for discharging the molten slag.

In certain embodiments, the treatment zone is integrally formed with the incineration zone. In certain embodiments, the treatment zone is removably fixedly mounted to the incineration zone. For example, a flange is provided on the upper outer side of the treatment zone, and the treatment zone and the incineration zone can be fixedly connected by the flange. More preferably, there is a guiding ramp on the upper inside of the treatment zone for guiding the incinerated solids into said treatment zone.

The treatment zone in the present utility model is configured to withstand high temperatures of 1500-1900 deg.c. Preferably, the treatment area is thermally protected by a plurality of layers of insulating material, the maximum temperature of the enclosure not exceeding 100 ℃. Preferably, the shell is a 20G steel structural shell. In certain embodiments, the treatment zone is comprised of, from the exterior to the interior, a steel structural shell, a layer of aluminum silicate insulation material, a layer of aluminum oxide insulation material, a layer of zirconium oxide insulation material, and a silicon carbide inner liner. The inventor finds that the design is particularly suitable for treating hazardous solid wastes such as waste batteries, waste fluorescent tubes, waste water silver thermometers, expired medicines and the like. Unlike general waste, the disposal of hazardous waste is more demanding on equipment.

The thickness of the aluminum silicate heat shielding material layer in the present utility model is 300 to 500mm, preferably 350 to 450mm, more preferably 360 to 430mm, for example 400mm. Aluminum silicate has a good heat insulation effect, and is preferably arranged on the inner side of the steel structure shell. The thickness of the aluminum oxide heat shielding material layer is 50 to 200mm, preferably 60 to 180mm, more preferably 80 to 160mm, still more preferably 90 to 150mm. The thickness of the zirconia heat-shielding material layer is 10 to 100mm, preferably 20 to 80mm, more preferably 30 to 70mm, still more preferably 40 to 60mm. Silicon carbide has good fire and corrosion resistance and thus lines the treatment area. The thickness of the silicon carbide lining layer is 10 to 100mm, preferably 20 to 80mm, more preferably 30 to 70mm, still more preferably 40 to 60mm.

The first plasma torch of the treatment zone of the present utility model is preferably disposed on the furnace wall for producing the desired temperature within the treatment zone, e.g., 1600-1800 ℃. The number of the first plasma torches is not particularly limited. Preferably, the number of first plasma torches is even, e.g. 2-20, 4-10, e.g. 6, etc. The first plasma torch of the present utility model may be any product known in the art, or a plasma torch manufactured according to general knowledge in the art.

[ reforming Combustion Chamber ]

The reforming combustion chamber has two functions of secondary combustion and purification. The device is provided with a second plasma torch which is used for treating the flue gas generated by the grate furnace to obtain reformed flue gas. Preferably, the inlet of the reforming combustion chamber is connected to the general outlet of the grate furnace. It is also preferable that the second plasma torch is disposed at the inlet of the reforming combustion chamber, so that the temperature in the reforming combustion chamber can reach 950 ℃ or higher, preferably 1000 ℃ or higher, more preferably 1100 ℃ or higher, and the design is more favorable for cracking harmful substances, so that the flue gas discharged from the grate furnace enters the reforming combustion chamber, and the flue gas can be reformed at the inlet to remove the harmful substances which are not cracked sufficiently.

In the present utility model, the number of the second plasma torches is not particularly limited and may be determined as needed. For example, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 or 20. The second plasma torch may be the same as or different from the first plasma torch.

Preferably, the reforming combustion chamber is further provided with an air intake duct, and fresh air can be fed into the reforming combustion chamber, for example, by a fan, to fully combust the cracked mixed gas. The harmful gases which are not decomposed in the gasification furnace are thoroughly decomposed by high-temperature combustion in the reforming combustion chamber.

[ Heat exchange System ]

The heat exchange system is used for exchanging heat of the reformed smoke to the circulating system and obtaining cooling smoke. Preferably, the heat exchange system comprises a heat exchanger tube bundle. The reformed flue gas exchanges heat with the heat exchanger tube bundle, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to more than 500 ℃, preferably more than 600 ℃, and the circulating water is cooled by the heat exchanger and then recycled. It is important to control the temperature of the flue gas in the heat exchange system to 500 ℃ or higher, particularly 600 ℃ or higher. If the temperature is too low at this time, the reduction of harmful components, particularly dioxin, in the finally obtained gas is not favored.

[ quenching apparatus ]

The quenching apparatus of the present utility model is configured to quench the temperature of the cooled flue gas at 500 ℃ or higher to 200 ℃ or lower, preferably 180 ℃ or lower, more preferably 170 ℃ or lower, still more preferably 160 ℃ or lower within 1 second. The setting of the quenching device not only enables the flue gas to be cooled to low temperature rapidly, but also prevents the regeneration of dioxin substances.

In certain embodiments, the quench device comprises a spray device and a water supply. The water supply is used to supply water, in particular cold water, to the spraying device and to atomize the water for quenching by the spraying device. The spraying device is used for rapidly cooling the smoke, and the water mist and the smoke are mixed together and fall down to complete vaporization, so that no sewage is generated at the bottom. Preferably, the quenching device adopts a mode of directly cooling an atomizing nozzle, the flue gas flowing through the device is directly contacted with the sprayed liquid after atomization, the mass transfer speed and the heat transfer speed are higher, the sprayed liquid is rapidly vaporized to take away a large amount of heat, and the temperature of the flue gas is rapidly reduced to below 200 ℃, so that the regeneration of dioxin substances can be avoided. Preferably, the quenching device is arranged to control the temperature of the cooled flue gas entering the dust remover, and the temperature of the flue gas at the inlet of the cloth bag is ensured to be below 200 ℃ by controlling the liquid spraying amount of the quenching device, so that the operation of the cloth bag dust remover is prevented from being influenced by too high or too low flue gas.

[ slag Water quenching device ]

The slag water quenching device is an optional device in the utility model. The slag water quenching device is used for receiving slag generated by the molten pool and carrying out water quenching treatment on the slag to obtain treated solid waste slag which can be used as building and paving materials. Preferably, the inlet of the slag water quenching device is connected with the outlet of the bottom of the molten pool.

[ deacidification device ]

The deacidification device is an optional device and is used for removing most acidic substances and superfine dust in the flue gas to obtain deacidified flue gas. Preferably, the deacidification device is a wet washing deacidification purification device. This is because, considering the high content of acid gas, this design can be used to improve the exhaust gas purification efficiency in order to ensure that the environmental emissions reach the standard. Preferably, the deacidification device comprises an alkali liquor supply system and a sewage treatment system.

The alkaline liquor supply system of the present utility model comprises an alkaline liquor. Preferably, the alkaline slurry comprises calcium hydroxide. In certain embodiments, the alkaline slurry has a calcium hydroxide content of 10 to 30wt%. The mixture obtained by mixing carbide slag, which is usually used as solid waste, with water is preferably used as the alkaline slurry, which can effectively remove harmful components in flue gas.

In certain embodiments, the contacting of the flue gas with the alkaline slurry in the alkaline liquor supply system may be performed by spraying the flue gas from above the alkaline slurry. This way it is ensured that the slurry is in sufficient contact with the flue gas, as well as a reduction in the flue gas temperature and dissolution of molten sodium sulphate in the slurry.

In certain embodiments, the lye supply system of the present utility model further comprises an ozone generator configured to generate ozone when the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 150-200 ℃ and to contact the flue gas. Preferably, the concentration of ozone generated is controlled to be 1-15wt%.

The utility model sets up sewage treatment system in order to guarantee the supply of water using equipment and the up-to-standard discharge of the wastewater discharge. The sewage is mainly high-concentration NaCl solution generated by a wet deacidification device, and the impurities are mainly solid suspended matters, chlorides and trace heavy metals, wherein a plurality of substances are first pollutants which are required to be strictly controlled in the national environmental protection standard, and the sewage can be discharged after being treated. The process route can be selectively provided with a complete chemical water treatment system, and pollutants in the wastewater are removed by oxidation, neutralization, precipitation, condensation and other methods.

[ dust circulation System ]

The dust circulation system of the present utility model is an optional means for circulating fly ash (or dust) from at least one of the reforming combustion chamber, the heat exchange system and the dust remover to the feed system for further circulation to the grate furnace. Such a design allows the dust content of the discharged gas to be below a prescribed standard. Preferably, the dust circulation system comprises a conduit for connecting the reforming combustion chamber with the feed system, a conduit for connecting the heat exchange system with the feed system, and a conduit for connecting the dust separator with the feed system. Preferably, the pipes are respectively arranged below the reforming combustion chamber, the heat exchange system and the dust remover, thereby facilitating dust collection.

[ bag-type dust collector ]

The bag-type dust remover is an optional device and is used for deacidifying dust particles in flue gas. The cloth bag dust collector is preferably a cloth bag dust collector which can remove dust with the particle size of more than 0.05 mu m and has the dust removal efficiency of more than 99 percent. More preferably a bag-type dust collector made of PTFE + PTFE coated material. The dust remover made of the material has the advantages of high temperature resistance, acid and alkali resistance, hydrolysis resistance and oxidation resistance. Among the dust removing devices, the bag type dust remover has more advantages than other dust removing devices, especially in the deacidification process adopting a dry method or a semi-dry method, the bag type dust remover is not only used as the dust removing device, but also used as a reaction device for removing other harmful substances in the flue gas, and is a key device for tail gas treatment. The filtering wind speed, the filter bag material, the ash removing mode and the control technology of the bag type dust collector are reasonably selected and designed to influence the flue gas purifying effect.

[ exhaust System ]

The exhaust system of the present utility model is an optional device that preferably includes an induced draft fan and a stack. Optionally, further comprising an adsorption device.

The induced draft fan comprises an impeller, a shell, an air inlet, an adjusting door, a rotating group and the like. To take into account the economics of the blower. The induced draft fan is interlocked with the negative pressure detector, and the rotating speed is automatically adjusted to ensure the negative pressure in the furnace. The high-temperature anti-corrosion material is adopted for manufacturing, the frequency conversion is controlled, the rotating speed of the fan can be adjusted according to the requirement, and the energy source can be saved by 35%. The air quantity and the air pressure of the induced draft fan are reduced and selected according to the flue gas quantity and the resistance of system equipment, and 20% allowance is arranged.

The chimney may be any chimney known in the art, preferably a chimney designed according to the hazardous waste incineration pollution control Standard (GB 1884-2001) is used. Preferably, the chimney material comprises Q235-B and lining glass fiber reinforced plastics, so that the service life of the chimney is ensured. The design of the chimney accords with the use condition of the whole equipment. According to the requirements of the method for measuring particulate matters in exhaust gas of solid pollution sources and sampling gaseous pollutants (GB/T16157-1996), permanent sampling holes are arranged, and facilities for sampling and measuring are arranged. The top of the chimney is provided with a lightning rod which is connected with a ground lightning arrester, and the grounding resistance is less than 4Ω.

The adsorption device is used for adsorbing dioxin substances and mercury remained in the flue gas. Preferably, an adsorption device is arranged on the flue gas pipeline behind the bag filter. The adsorption device is an activated carbon adsorption device.

Examples

Example 1 solid waste treatment System for grate furnace

Fig. 1 is an overall block diagram of an exemplary grate furnace solid waste treatment system of the present utility model. As shown in fig. 1, the system of the present embodiment includes a feed system, a grate furnace 2, a reforming combustion chamber 3, a heat exchange system 4, a quenching device 5, a deacidification device 6, a bag-type dust collector 7, and an exhaust system.

The feeding system of the present embodiment includes a storage chamber 11, an assay analysis system 12, and a feeding device 1. The assay analysis system 12 is connected to the storage chamber 11 for analyzing the solid waste components in the storage chamber 11. The storage chamber 11 stores therein solid wastes to be treated, and the solid wastes can be made to enter the feeding device 1 as needed.

A slag water quenching device 13 is connected to the lower part of the grate furnace 2 of the embodiment, and is configured to receive slag generated by the molten pool 220 and perform water quenching treatment on the slag.

The reforming combustion chamber 3 of the present embodiment is provided with a second plasma torch 3-1 for treating the flue gas generated from the incinerator to obtain reformed flue gas. The second plasma torch 3-1 is arranged at the inlet of the reforming combustion chamber 3. The inlet of the reforming combustion chamber 3 is connected to the general outlet 160 of the grate furnace 2, and the outlet of the reforming combustion chamber 3 is connected to the heat exchange system 4. A duct port for recovering dust generated in the reforming combustion chamber 3 is provided at the bottom of the reforming combustion chamber 3, and is connected to the storage chamber 11 through a duct.

The heat exchange system 4 of the embodiment is used for exchanging heat of the reformed flue gas to the circulating water system, and cooling flue gas is obtained at the same time. The circulating water system in this embodiment communicates with the heat consumer 14. The outlet of the heat exchange system 4 is connected to the inlet of the quenching device 5. In addition, the heat exchange system 4 also recovers dust generated therein to the storage chamber 11 through a pipe.

The quenching device 5 of the embodiment is arranged to quench the temperature of the cooled flue gas entering the heat exchange system 4 to below 200 ℃ within 1 second. In this embodiment the cooled flue gas enters from the heat exchange system 4 via a pipe from the lower side wall of the quenching device 5. The quenching device 5 comprises a spraying device and a water supply 15. Cold water enters a spraying device at the upper part of the quenching device 5 from the water supply system 15, and is sprayed from top to bottom through a nozzle to quench the cooled flue gas, and the cooled flue gas enters the deacidification device 6 from the top of the quenching device 5 through a pipeline. The water obtained at the bottom of the quenching device 5 enters the sewage treatment system 17 through a pipeline.

The deacidification device 6 of the present embodiment includes an alkali liquid supply system 16 and a sewage treatment system 17. The alkali liquor supply system 16 sprays alkali liquor from the top, and cooling flue gas enters from the lower part, so that convection is performed to perform rapid wet deacidification, and deacidified flue gas is obtained. The liquid obtained after deacidification enters the sewage treatment system 17 through a pipeline. The deacidified flue gas enters a bag-type dust collector 7 from the top of the deacidifying device 6 through a pipeline.

The bag-type dust collector 7 of the embodiment is made of PTFE+PTFE film-coated material. And the flue gas after dust removal enters an exhaust system. The dust collected by the bag-type dust collector 7 is recovered to the storage chamber 11 through a pipe.

The exhaust system of this embodiment includes draught fan 8, active carbon adsorption device 9 and chimney 10 that connect gradually. The flue gas after dust removal is discharged through a chimney 10 after being guided by a draught fan 8 and absorbed by an activated carbon absorbing device 9.

Fig. 2 is a block diagram of an exemplary grate furnace of the present utility model. As shown in fig. 2, the fire grate furnace of the present embodiment includes an incineration zone 100 and a treatment zone 200. Wherein the incineration zone 100 and the treatment zone 200 are fixedly connected by a flange structure.

The incineration zone 100 comprises a solid waste inlet 110 for the entry of waste, a steam outlet 120, a first flue gas outlet 140, a second flue gas outlet 150 and a combustion chamber 130. The solid waste inlet 110 is a rectangular opening, and a slope of 30 degrees is arranged below the solid waste inlet. The combustion chamber 130 has a slope 131 inclined downward from the solid waste inlet for burning while moving the garbage downward along the slope 131, a partition 132 is provided above the combustion chamber 130, the partition 132 divides the combustion chamber into a first chamber and a second chamber, a steam outlet 120 is provided in the first chamber, and a drying section 133 corresponding to the slope 131 is provided below the steam outlet; a first flue gas outlet 140 is provided in the second chamber, below which corresponds to the combustion section 134 of the inclined surface 131. A distance is maintained between the partition 132 and the inclined surface 131 to allow the waste to pass from the drying section 133 into the combustion section 134. The first flue gas outlet 140 and the second flue gas outlet 150 form a total outlet 160.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an exemplary grate furnace treatment zone of the present utility model. As shown in fig. 3, the treatment zone 200 includes a furnace wall 210, a molten bath 220, a first plasma torch 230, a flange 240, a slag outlet 250, and a guide ramp 260. Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view, which illustrates only two first plasma torches 230, but the number thereof may be set as desired. The first plasma torch 230 is disposed on the furnace wall 210. The furnace wall 210 is provided with a steel structure shell 211, a 400mm aluminum silicate heat-proof material layer 212, a 100mm aluminum oxide heat-proof material layer 213, a 50mm zirconium oxide heat-proof material layer 214 and a silicon carbide lining layer 215 from outside to inside.

Example 2 Process flow of the solid waste treatment System of grate furnace of the present utility model

The process flow of the present utility model is illustrated by the solid waste treatment system described in example 1.

(1) Firstly, the induced draft fan 8 is opened to suck residual gas and other inflammable and explosive gases in the furnace, so as to prevent explosion after ignition.

(2) Solid waste enters the grate furnace 2 through the hydraulic pushing and feeding device 1, natural gas or kerosene is added after the solid waste is dried, air is introduced to fully burn the solid waste, ash slag gradually falls into the molten pool 220, and the solid waste is melted under the high temperature effect of the first plasma torch 230.

(3) The flue gas passes through plasma in the reforming combustion chamber 3The plasma generated by the torch 3-1 is reformed and burnt, so that trace organic matters and incompletely pyrolyzed dioxin in the synthesis gas can be fully decomposed. The decomposition efficiency of the detected dioxin exceeds 99.99 percent, and H in the synthesis gas ₂ And CO are fully combusted to generate H ₂ O and CO ₂ 。

(4) The flue gas from the reforming combustion chamber 3 enters a heat exchange system 4 to exchange heat with a heat exchanger tube bundle, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to more than 500 ℃, and the circulating water is cooled by the heat exchanger and then recycled.

(5) The flue gas at the outlet of the heat exchanger enters the quenching device 5. Spray water is conveyed by a booster pump and is sent into the quenching device 5 through a nozzle at the top of the quenching device 5, atomized liquid fog drops are acted by upward hot flue gas, a fog drop suspended high-density area is formed near the nozzle, a large amount of heat is released when the flue gas passes through the area, the temperature is controlled to be rapidly reduced to 180 ℃ within 1s by adjusting the water spraying amount, and therefore the regeneration of dioxin is effectively inhibited.

(6) The flue gas from the quenching device 5 enters the deacidification device 6, and the acid gas in the flue gas is washed out by alkali liquor.

(7) The flue gas at the outlet of the deacidification device 6 enters a cloth bag dust remover 7 to remove the fine dust remained in the flue gas.

(8) The flue gas at the outlet of the bag-type dust collector 7 enters an activated carbon adsorption device 9 to adsorb and remove a small amount of dioxin remained in the flue gas.

(9) Finally, clean gas is discharged into the atmosphere through a draught fan 8 and a chimney 10.

(10) Particles generated by the reforming combustion chamber 3, the heat exchange system 4 and the bag-type dust collector 7 are sent into the storage chamber 11 through a fan (not shown) and are mixed with new materials, and then the mixture is re-fed into the grate furnace 2 for melting. The molten slag is heated and melted by plasma and then enters a slag water quenching device 13, and glass slag generated by the slag water quenching device 13 is recycled.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the utility model described herein without departing from the scope or spirit of the utility model. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification of the present utility model. The specification and examples are exemplary only.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a fire grate furnace solid waste treatment system, its includes fire grate furnace, reforming combustion chamber, heat exchange system and rapid cooling device, wherein:

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the grate furnace further comprises a second flue gas outlet disposed above the treatment zone, and the first flue gas outlet and the second flue gas outlet communicate at an end remote from the grate furnace to form a total outlet.

3. The system of claim 2, further comprising a feed system connected to the solid waste inlet, the total outlet being connected to the reforming combustion chamber.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein a slag outlet is provided below the treatment zone, a flange is provided above and outside the treatment zone, through which flange the treatment zone can be fixedly connected to the incineration zone; and the upper inner side of the treatment area is provided with a guiding inclined plane for guiding ash slag to enter the treatment area.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the ramp comprises a drying section and a combustion section, and the steam outlet is disposed above the first chamber, below which corresponds to the drying section of the ramp, the first flue gas outlet is disposed above the second chamber, below which corresponds to the combustion section of the ramp, and the baffle is maintained a distance from the ramp to allow solid waste to enter the combustion section from the drying section.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein the treatment zone comprises a steel structural shell, a layer of aluminum silicate insulation material, a layer of aluminum oxide insulation material, a layer of zirconium oxide insulation material, and a silicon carbide liner.

7. The system of claim 1, further comprising a slag water quenching device configured to receive slag produced by the molten bath and to water quench the slag.

8. The system of claim 1, further comprising a deacidification device, and the deacidification device comprises an alkaline supply system and a sewage treatment system.

9. The system of claim 1, wherein the quench device comprises a spray device and a water supply.

10. The system according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein the solid waste is kitchen waste and/or hazardous waste.