CN219005241U

CN219005241U - Vertical machining center

Info

Publication number: CN219005241U
Application number: CN202223188964.2U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 宫兴林; 荆传思; 任志辉; 邓鑫; 鲍文禄
Original assignee: Dalian Kede Numerical Control Co Ltd
Current assignee: Dalian Kede Numerical Control Co Ltd
Priority date: 2022-11-29
Filing date: 2022-11-29
Publication date: 2023-05-12
Anticipated expiration: 2032-11-29

Abstract

The utility model discloses a vertical machining center which comprises a lathe bed, an upright post, a saddle, a ram, a workbench and a support, wherein the lathe bed, the upright post, the saddle, the ram, the workbench and the support are all formed by casting mineral cementing materials; the machine body is provided with a workbench driving device for driving the workbench to move along the Y-axis direction on the machine body; the upright posts are of symmetrical gantry structures and comprise a gantry left upright post, a gantry right upright post and a gantry cross beam, and a saddle driving device for driving the saddle to move along the X-axis direction is arranged on the gantry cross beam; a ram driving device is arranged on the saddle; the ram is internally provided with a tool spindle and a spindle motor capable of driving the tool spindle to work. The vertical machining center disclosed by the utility model reduces the influence of a heat source on the temperature of a machine tool, reduces the vibration of each part of the machine tool, reduces the thermal deformation of each part in the working process of the machine tool, and ensures that the machine tool can maintain stable geometric precision, motion precision, positioning precision and repeated positioning precision in the long-time working process.

Description

Vertical machining center

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of vertical machining centers, in particular to a vertical machining center.

Background

The vertical machining center is a machining center with a spindle axis perpendicular to the workbench, and is mainly suitable for machining complex parts such as plates, discs, dies and small shells; the vertical machining center can finish working procedures such as milling, boring, drilling, tapping, cutting threads and the like, after a workpiece is clamped on the machining center once, the digital control system can control the machine tool to automatically select and replace a cutter according to different working procedures, the rotating speed and the feeding amount of a main shaft of the machine tool, the motion track of the cutter relative to the workpiece and other auxiliary functions are automatically changed, the machining of multiple working procedures on a plurality of surfaces of the workpiece is sequentially finished, and the numerical control machine tool has multiple cutter changing or selecting functions and is high in production efficiency. Because gray cast iron has the advantages of high strength, good wear resistance and the like, the gray cast iron is commonly used for manufacturing castings with larger stress, such as a lathe bed, a guide rail, a saddle, a ram, an upright post and the like of the existing numerical control machine tool.

Gray cast iron HT150 density of 7g/cm ³ A thermal expansion coefficient of 11.1X10 ^-8 When the temperature of the machine tool is high and exceeds the specified temperature of the parts cast by gray cast iron, the parts cast by gray cast iron on the machine tool (such as a machine body, a stand column, a saddle, a ram and a guide rail) generate the following two problems under the influence of the internal heat and the external heat of the machine tool: on the one hand, the main components of the machine tool, such as a lathe bed, an upright post, a saddle, a ram, a guide rail and the like, are deformed, so that the machining precision of the machine tool is damaged, The processing quality of the workpiece is affected; on the other hand, the fit clearance between different relative motion parts can be changed, so that the motion precision of the machine tool is influenced, and even the normal operation of the machine tool is interfered.

There are several sources of heat that can affect the machine tool, wherein the internal heat is mainly derived from the heat generated by the machine tool itself, such as the heat generated by the long-term operation of the motor, which is transferred to the machine tool by means of a motor fixture, such as a motor mount, on the one hand, and also affects the components around the motor, such as the bed, saddle, or ram, by means of heat radiation, on the other hand; frictional heat is generated in the coordinate axis transmission and movement process, and the frictional heat directly acts on the kinematic pair, and the parts such as the guide rail, the lead screw, the nut seat and the like are parts generating frictional heat and are parts influenced by the frictional heat; external heat is mainly derived from heat generation caused by heat transfer or heat radiation from the outside to the machine tool, such as cutting heat generated by cutting a workpiece. The heat is always generated at the point of the knife tip in the cutting process, the heat is always radiated into the processing area from the point of the knife tip, the movement track of the point of the knife tip in the processing area is uncertain, the temperature change influenced by the heat source of the point of the knife tip is uncertain, and the temperature distribution in the processing area is uneven, the heat radiation direction is irregular and the heat diffusion is uneven due to the continuous change of the heat radiated by the point of the knife tip and the point of the knife tip, so that an uneven temperature field is generated on a machine tool part in the processing area.

Although most of cutting heat can be taken away by the cutting fluid, a part of heat carried by the cutting fluid still can be transferred to other parts of the machine tool, the heat radiation direction is irregular due to the existence of an uneven temperature field, and the heat diffusion is uneven, so that the other parts of the machine tool are heated differently, and the other parts of the machine tool are deformed in different degrees, for example, the upper surface of the machine tool is higher than the lower surface of the machine tool to form a temperature difference, the machine tool is bent and deformed, the upper surface of the machine tool is convex, the linearity of a guide rail arranged on the machine tool is influenced, in addition, the upright post can generate corresponding position change due to the thermal deformation of the machine tool, the original geometric precision of the machine tool is damaged, and the machining error is caused. In addition to the cutting heat, the temperature of the machine tool in the environment of use can also have a certain effect on the geometric accuracy of the machine tool.

Because the machine tool is always influenced by an internal heat source and an external heat source in the working process, and the heat radiation generated by the internal heat source and the external heat source is nonlinear and irregular, the machine tool is always influenced by unstable and uncertain heat, main components such as a machine tool body, a stand column, a saddle, a ram, a workbench and the like and transmission components such as a guide rail, a lead screw, a nut and a nut seat are easy to generate temperature change and further generate deformation under the influence of heat, so that the conventional machine tool is difficult to ensure stable geometric precision in the long-time working process, and the geometric precision of the machine tool comprehensively reflects the precision of each key part, the component and the comprehensive geometric shape and position error of the machine tool after assembly, including the precision of the component and the mutual position precision among the components.

Therefore, it is urgently needed to provide a vertical machining center, which solves the problems that the existing machine tool is affected by unstable and uncertain heat sources, so that various parts deform to different degrees, and the machine tool is difficult to maintain stable geometric accuracy in a long-time working process.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model discloses a vertical machining center, which solves the problems that the existing machine tool is influenced by unstable and uncertain heat sources, so that various parts deform to different degrees, and the machine tool is difficult to maintain stable geometric accuracy in a long-time working process.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the present utility model is as follows:

the vertical machining center comprises a lathe bed, an upright post, a saddle, a ram, a workbench and a support, wherein the lathe bed, the upright post, the saddle, the ram, the workbench and the support are all formed by casting mineral cementing materials;

the machine tool body is provided with a workbench driving device for driving the workbench to move along the Y-axis direction on the machine tool body;

the stand column is fixed on the lathe bed and is of a symmetrical gantry structure and comprises a gantry left stand column, a gantry right stand column and a gantry cross beam, and a saddle driving device for driving the saddle to move along the X-axis direction is arranged on the gantry cross beam;

The ram driving device is arranged on the ram and can drive the ram to slide along the Z-axis direction;

and a tool spindle and a spindle motor capable of driving the tool spindle to work are arranged in the ram.

Preferably, the mineral gelling material is selected from cast stone or foamed cement.

By adopting the technical scheme, compared with the traditional gray cast iron, the method has the advantages that the mineral cementing material is adopted to cast the lathe bed, the upright post, the saddle, the ram, the workbench and the support, the thermal conductivity of the mineral cementing material is reduced by only 1/20 of that of the gray cast iron under the heated condition, the change of the temperature of a machine tool adopting the mineral cementing material casting is smaller than that of a machine tool adopting the gray cast iron part in unit time, the casting deformation of the machine tool is smaller, and the geometric precision of the machine tool is ensured; meanwhile, when the machine tool works, vibration is easy to generate in the moving process of moving parts such as a saddle and a ram, so that the moving parts and connecting parts thereof vibrate synchronously, the repeated positioning precision and the relative position precision of the moving parts are reduced, the machining precision is further influenced, the mineral cementing material has good vibration damping performance, the vibration amplitude of the moving parts and the connecting parts thereof can be reduced, the relative positions between adjacent parts are kept stable, the fit clearance between the parts moving relatively is not easy to change, and the repeated positioning precision between the parts moving relatively is ensured. By reducing the influence of the heat source on the temperature of the machine tool, the vibration amplitude of each part of the machine tool is reduced, and the deformation of each part in the working process of the machine tool is reduced, so that the machine tool can maintain stable geometric precision, positioning precision and repeated positioning precision in the long-time working process.

Further, a plurality of metal inserts are respectively pre-arranged on the lathe bed, the upright post, the saddle, the ram, the workbench and the support, and the metal inserts provide interfaces for installing other workpieces; the metal inserts are uniformly and symmetrically distributed.

By adopting the technical scheme, as the traditional lathe bed, the upright post, the saddle, the ram, the workbench and the support castings are respectively made of cast iron, the connection between the castings can be realized through punching, welding and other operations on the molded castings; the improved lathe bed, the stand column, the saddle, the ram, the workbench and the support are respectively formed by casting the mineral cementing materials, and the mineral cementing materials are difficult to punch, weld and the like on the formed castings due to the material characteristics of the mineral cementing materials, so that connection between the castings is inconvenient to realize, and the metal inserts are preset in the gel materials during casting, so that the metal inserts, the lathe bed, the stand column, the saddle, the ram, the workbench, the support and other castings are integrally formed, and an interface is provided for installation between adjacent castings and installation of other workpieces on the castings due to the existence of the metal inserts, so that an installation foundation is provided for connection and fixation between subsequent castings. Because the metal inserts are uniformly and symmetrically distributed, internal heat is easily conducted to the metal inserts, so that the temperature of the castings is symmetrically distributed, and further the heat radiating area, the heat conducting path, the quality of parts and the like of the machine tool are symmetrically distributed, a uniform temperature field can be generated on each casting of the machine tool, at the moment, the heat radiation of each casting of the machine tool is linear and regular, the thermal deformation of the machine tool is reduced, and the geometric precision, the motion precision, the positioning precision and the repeated positioning precision of the machine tool are further ensured.

Further, the metal inserts positioned on the lathe bed comprise a foundation insert, a lathe bed insert and a lathe bed tubular insert, wherein the foundation insert can form a connecting part on the lathe bed after casting, and the connecting part is used for installing a foundation capable of supporting the lathe bed; the lathe bed insert is provided with an insert cavity, and the inner wall of the insert cavity is provided with a thread structure; the lathe bed tubular insert can form a glue injection pore canal in the lathe bed;

the metal inserts positioned on the upright posts comprise guide rail inserts, upright post inserts and upright post tubular inserts, wherein the upright post inserts are provided with insert cavities, the inner walls of the insert cavities are provided with thread structures, and the upright post tubular inserts can form exhaust holes in the upright posts;

and injecting structural adhesive into the joint surface between the upright post and the lathe bed through the adhesive injection pore canal, so that the upright post and the lathe bed are fixed together by adopting the structural adhesive.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, lathe bed, stand adopt the mode that structural adhesive bonded, the structural adhesive can compensate the defect on the thick degree of clumsiness of lathe bed and stand joint, guarantee stand and lathe bed 100% bonding, because structural adhesive has better ageing resistance, form firm and have buffer force's antifriction layer in lathe bed and stand joint department, the structural adhesive has better physical properties such as antidetonation, resistance to compression, tensile, shock resistance after the solidification for the junction of lathe bed and stand is difficult for producing the clearance under the vibration of moving part, guarantees the connection of lathe bed and stand, makes the relative position between lathe bed and the stand keep stable vertical state for a long time, and then has guaranteed positioning accuracy and the geometric accuracy between lathe bed and the stand.

Further, a ram connecting groove and a pressing plate are arranged on the saddle, the ram sliding rail is located between the pressing plate and the ram connecting groove, the contact surfaces of the pressing plate, the ram connecting groove and the ram sliding rail are respectively provided with a wear-resistant layer, and the contact surfaces of the wear-resistant layers and the ram sliding rail are processed into precision surfaces.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, through setting up the precision face on the wearing layer, the precision face can compensate the precision poor, guarantees that ram spread groove and clamp plate are unanimous with the geometric accuracy of ram slide rail contact surface, and the setting of wearing layer has reduced the structure damage that causes because of the friction simultaneously, has increased the life of structure to reduce the heat that produces because of the friction between the structure, improve the repeated positioning precision between the relative motion part.

Further, the workbench driving device, the saddle driving device and the ram driving device all comprise a screw pair, and a Y-axis nut shell matched with the screw pair is fixedly arranged on the workbench;

an X-axis nut shell matched with the screw rod pair is fixedly arranged on the saddle;

a Z-axis nut shell matched with the screw rod pair is fixedly arranged on the ram;

nut shell inserts for installing the nut shells are respectively arranged in the saddle, the ram and the workbench;

And cooling sleeves are respectively arranged outside the X-axis nut shell, the Y-axis nut shell and the Z-axis nut shell.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the lathe is at the during operation, nut shell and the vice cooperation of lead screw, because the vice transmission in-process of lead screw can produce a large amount of heat, through set up the cooling jacket in the nut shell outside and to the cooling liquid of letting in the cooling jacket, the cooling liquid can absorb a large amount of heat and keep nut shell temperature and the vice temperature of lead screw can not obviously change to guarantee the cooperation clearance of the vice structure of lead screw, guarantee the motion precision.

Further, the peripheries of the lathe bed, the upright post, the saddle, the ram, the workbench and the support are respectively provided with heat preservation cotton.

By adopting the technical scheme, the arrangement of the heat-insulating cotton can delay the conduction of an external heat source to the lathe bed, the stand column, the saddle, the ram, the workbench and the support castings, thereby ensuring that the temperature of each casting of the machine tool is lower than the specified temperature, reducing the influence of the external heat source, reducing the introduction of the external heat source of the machine tool by the cooperation of the heat-insulating cotton and the mineral cementing material, and isolating irregular heat outside the machine tool.

Further, the inside of lathe bed, stand, saddle, ram and workstation all is provided with the cooling pipeline.

By adopting the technical scheme, the cooling liquid can be introduced into the cooling pipeline, and the cooling liquid can absorb a large amount of heat to keep the temperature unchanged obviously, so that the constant temperature control on the lathe bed, the upright post, the saddle, the ram and the workbench is realized, and the influence of an internal heat source is reduced.

Further, at least two prestress metal rod inserts are arranged in the ram, and the prestress metal rod inserts are symmetrically embedded in the ram along the length direction of the ram.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, through at the inside prestressing force metal bar inserts that sets up of ram, prestressing force metal bar inserts can offset the tensile stress that the ram thermal expansion leads to reduce the deformation volume of ram, prestressing force metal bar inserts's setting simultaneously can increase the rigidity intensity of ram, avoids the ram to be destroyed, guarantees the geometric accuracy of ram.

Further, the cooling pipeline comprises at least two cooling pipes which are uniformly distributed on two sides of the prestress metal rod insert.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, because prestressing force metal bar inserts inlays the inside of locating the ram, the heat part conduction of ram is to prestressing force metal bar inserts and is inlayed, because prestressing force metal bar inserts is the metal material, and its easy emergence deformation volume that is heated, through the setting up the cooling tube in prestressing force metal bar inserts's both sides, the cooling tube can cool off prestressing force metal bar inserts, keeps prestressing force metal bar inserts temperature and ram temperature equal to reduce prestressing force metal bar inserts and ram deformation volume, guarantee the geometric accuracy of ram.

Further, an oil cooling pipeline is arranged in the ram, the oil cooling pipeline comprises a first oil inlet pipe, a first oil return pipe, a second oil inlet pipe and a second oil return pipe, and the first oil inlet pipe and the first oil return pipe are used for providing interfaces for a spindle motor provided with an oil cooling ring; the second oil inlet pipe and the second oil return pipe are used for providing interfaces for bearings of the cutter main shaft provided with the oil cooling ring.

By adopting the technical scheme, the oil has the characteristics of non-magnetic conduction and non-electric conduction, and has no influence on the magnetic circuit of the motor, so that the oil is selected as a medium for internal direct cooling. Because the parameter limits of torque, rotating speed and the like of the spindle motor are often limited by the temperature rise limit of a motor rotor, the cooling mode of directly cooling a heat source by the oil cooling ring and the oil cooling ring is adopted, the heat dissipation efficiency of the spindle motor is improved, and the power limit of the spindle motor can be obviously improved. Compared with the water cooling mode, the water cooling mode needs that heat sources (such as windings in motor coils) in the spindle motor are transmitted to the stator shell of the spindle motor through the layer-by-layer materials and then are taken away by cooling liquid in a water channel of the stator shell. Because of the thermal resistance between the materials, there is a temperature gradient from the spindle to the housing of the spindle motor. The main shaft inside the main shaft motor can not be directly cooled, so that the temperature is accumulated to form local hot spots, the cooling efficiency is not ideal, therefore, the heat source is directly cooled by adopting an oil cooling mode, the main shaft motor is forcedly cooled, the temperature rise of the main shaft motor and the bearing is reduced, the heat generated by the main shaft motor and the bearing is reduced, the thermal deformation control of a machine tool is realized, and the machining precision of the machine tool is improved.

The vertical machining center disclosed by the utility model has the beneficial effects that:

according to the method, the machine tool body, the upright post, the saddle, the ram, the workbench and the support are cast by adopting the mineral cementing material, the thermal conductivity of the mineral cementing material is only 1/20 of that of gray cast iron under the heated condition, and the temperature rise of each casting of the machine tool cast by adopting the mineral cementing material under the influence of exogenous heat radiation is small in unit time, so that the casting deformation of the machine tool is small, and the shape precision of the machine tool is ensured; the lathe bed, the stand column, the saddle, the ram, the workbench and the support castings are made of the same material, so that the thermal deformation of the castings in relative motion is the same, and the geometric accuracy of the machine tool is improved; because the motion components such as a saddle and a ram easily vibrate in the motion process of the machine tool, the motion components and the connecting components thereof vibrate synchronously, the motion precision and the position precision of the motion components are reduced, the machining precision is further influenced, the mineral cementing material has good vibration damping performance, the vibration of the motion components and the connecting components thereof can be absorbed, the vibration amplitude is reduced, the relative positions among the relative motion components are kept stable, the fit clearance among the relative motion components is not easy to change, and the motion precision, the positioning precision and the repeated positioning precision of the machine tool are ensured. According to the method, the influence of the heat source on the temperature of the machine tool is reduced, the vibration of each part of the machine tool is reduced, the thermal deformation of each part in the working process of the machine tool is reduced, and the machine tool can maintain stable geometric precision, motion precision, positioning precision and repeated positioning precision in the long-time working process.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present utility model or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, it will be obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present utility model, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort to a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a vertical machining center disclosed by the utility model;

fig. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the disclosed bed;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the present utility model showing the relationship between the metal inserts and cooling lines inside the bed;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the overall structure of a cast stone tooling table according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship among the worktable assembly inserts, the Y-axis nut housing seat inserts and the worktable inside the cast stone tooling table disclosed by the utility model;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the column of the present disclosure;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of the present disclosure showing the relationship between the metal inserts and cooling lines inside the columns;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the overall construction of the saddle of the present disclosure;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the relationship between the metal inserts and cooling lines within the saddle of the present disclosure;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the disclosed X-axis nut shell insert;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the ram of the present disclosure;

FIG. 13 is a front view of the ram of the present disclosure;

FIG. 14 is a B-B cross-sectional view of FIG. 13;

FIG. 15 is a top view of the ram of the present disclosure;

FIG. 16 is a C-C cross-sectional view of FIG. 15;

FIG. 17 is a rear view of the ram of the present disclosure without the Z-axis nut mount installed;

FIG. 18 is a schematic structural view of the relationship between the cooling jacket, X-axis lead screw, X-axis nut shell insert of the present disclosure;

FIG. 19 is a schematic view of the relationship between the cooling circuit and the pipe joint insert of the present disclosure;

FIG. 20 is a schematic view of the force applied after the bed and column assembly of the present disclosure;

FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the front points of the machine tool disclosed by the utility model;

fig. 22 is a schematic view of a back point of the machine tool according to the present disclosure.

In the figure: 1. a bed body; 11. a Y-axis guide rail; 12. a Y-axis screw rod; 13. a Y-axis servo motor; 14. a glue injection hole; 15. a Y-axis nut; 16. a Y-axis nut shell; 17. a Y-axis nut housing seat; 2. a column; 21. a left upright post of the gantry; 22. a right upright post of the gantry; 23. a gantry beam; 24. an X-axis guide rail; 25. an X-axis screw rod; 26. an X-axis servo motor; 27. an exhaust hole; 28. an X-axis nut; 3. a saddle; 31. a Z-axis guide rail; 32. a Z-axis lead screw; 33. a Z-axis servo motor; 34. a ram connecting slot; 35. a pressing plate; 36. a Z-axis nut; 4. a ram; 41. a Z-axis nut shell; 42. a cutter spindle; 43. a spindle motor; 44. a guide rail mounting surface; 45. a Z-axis nut housing seat; 5. a work table; 6. a support; 71. a first oil inlet pipe; 72. a first oil return pipe; 73. a second oil inlet pipe; 74. a second oil return pipe; 8. a metal insert; 81. a motor steel sleeve insert; 811. the end face of the motor steel sleeve; 82. a spindle steel sleeve insert; 821. the end face of the main shaft steel sleeve; 83. a Z-axis nut housing insert; 831. a nut shell seat mounting surface; 841. a foot insert; 842. assembling an insert on the lathe bed; 843. a bed tubular insert; 8431. a flange insert; 8432. y-axis guide rail inserts; 851. a connecting insert; 861. a workbench assembly insert; 862. a Y-axis nut housing insert; 871. a rail insert; 8711. a post insert; 8712. a post tubular insert; 881. a saddle assembly insert; 8811. an X-axis nut shell insert; 88111. a housing body; 88112. a connecting block; 8812. a ram assembly; 9. a cooling pipeline; 91. a water inlet pipe; 92. a water return pipe; 10. a pre-stressed metal rod insert; 20. a wear-resistant layer; 30. a cooling jacket; 301. an inner sleeve; 3011. an annular groove; 302. a jacket; 40. pipe joint inserts.

Detailed Description

For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present utility model more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to fig. 1 to 22 in the embodiments of the present utility model, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present utility model, but not all embodiments of the present utility model. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.

The Y-axis rail insert 8432, the table mount insert 861, the rail insert 871, the saddle mount insert 881, and the Z-axis rail insert referred to in the present application are all identical in structure to the connection insert 851, in that the inserts are respectively disposed on different castings, and the mounting interfaces are provided for mounting other components on the castings, so that the applications of the inserts on the different castings can be distinguished conveniently, the inserts are denoted by different names in the corresponding castings.

Example 1

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a vertical machining center comprises a lathe bed 1, an upright post 2, a saddle 3, a ram 4, a workbench 5 and a support 6, wherein the lathe bed 1, the upright post 2, the saddle 3, the ram 4, the workbench 5 and the support 6 are cast by cast stone materials, and the temperature rise of each cast of the lathe cast by mineral cementing materials is small under the influence of external heat radiation, so that the deformation amount of the cast of the lathe is small, and the shape precision of the lathe is ensured; the lathe bed 1, the upright post 2, the saddle 3, the ram 4, the workbench 5 and the support 6 are all made of the same material, so that the thermal deformation of castings in relative motion is the same, the relative positions of the relative motion parts are kept stable, and the positioning precision is improved.

In combination with fig. 1, 3 and 4, the inside of the lathe bed 1, the upright post 2, the saddle 3, the ram 4 and the workbench 5 is respectively provided with a cooling pipeline 9 and a plurality of metal inserts 8, the cooling pipeline 9 can carry out constant temperature cooling control on a lathe main body, foam heat preservation cotton is adhered to the outer surfaces of the lathe bed 1, the upright post 2, the saddle 3, the ram 4 and the workbench 5, the influence of peripheral temperature on the precision of the lathe is reduced, and the metal inserts 8 provide interfaces for connection between different castings and installation of an assembly body on the casting. The metal inserts 8 are preferably steel inserts with higher strength, and the steel inserts can make up for the deficiency in strength of the cast stone material, so that the overall rigidity of the casting is ensured; meanwhile, the plurality of steel inserts are symmetrically and uniformly distributed in the corresponding castings, heat of cast stone materials can be conducted to the steel inserts, uniform temperature fields are respectively generated on the castings of the machine tool under the action of the plurality of symmetrically distributed steel inserts, the temperature fields of the castings of the machine tool are similar, and heat radiation of the castings of the machine tool is enabled to have linearity and regularity. And the metal inserts 8 are matched with the cooling pipelines 9, so that the heat source inside the machine tool is rapidly led out, and meanwhile, the introduction of the heat source outside the machine tool is reduced under the action of the external foaming heat-insulating cotton, namely, irregular heat is isolated outside the machine tool, and the heat inside the machine tool is led out, so that the influence of the heat source on the temperature of the machine tool is reduced, the thermal deformation of each part in the working process of the machine tool is reduced, and the machine tool can maintain stable geometric precision, motion precision, positioning precision and repeated positioning precision in the long-time working process.

When the castings of the lathe bed 1, the upright post 2, the saddle 3, the ram 4 and the workbench 5 are cast, the cooling pipelines 9 are respectively embedded into the lathe bed 1, the upright post 2, the saddle 3, the ram 4 and the workbench 5, the cooling pipelines 9 are arranged at intervals in rows and are adapted to the structures of the lathe bed 1, the upright post 2, the saddle 3, the ram 4 and the workbench 5, the arrangement trend of the cooling pipelines 9 avoids the structures of the metal inserts 8 in the lathe bed 1, the upright post 2, the saddle 3, the ram 4 and the workbench 5, the heat dissipation in the machine tool can be realized, the internal temperature of the machine tool is kept constant, the influence of the internal heat on the machine tool and the metal inserts 8 is reduced, the machine tool is not easy to deform under the influence of the internal heat, and the machine tool can keep stable high precision in the long-time working process.

Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the metal inserts 8 on the bed 1 include a plurality of anchor inserts 841, a plurality of bed mounting inserts 842 and a plurality of bed tubular inserts 843, the plurality of bed mounting inserts 842 and the plurality of bed tubular inserts 843 are symmetrically distributed on the bed 1, and the plurality of anchor inserts 841 are symmetrically distributed on the lower end surface of the bed 1. When the lathe bed 1 is heated, the heat of the lathe bed 1 is easily conducted to the metal inserts 8, and the temperature of the lathe bed 1 is symmetrically distributed under the action of a plurality of symmetrically arranged inserts, so that the heat dissipation area, the heat conduction path, the mass of parts and the like of the lathe bed 1 are symmetrically distributed, and the thermal deformation of the lathe bed 1 is reduced.

Lathe bed assembly inserts 842 include flange inserts 8431, Y-axis guide rail inserts 8432 and connecting inserts 851, and connecting inserts 851 have been seted up the inner wall and have been the insert cavity of screw structure, and fixing bolt can pass this screw structure's insert cavity, and the fixing bolt of being convenient for is connected with connecting inserts 851. The Y-axis rail insert 8432 may be provided as a multi-threaded steel insert, a T-threaded steel structure insert, or a groove insert. The surface area of the installation part can be increased through the groove inserts, the T-shaped threaded steel inserts and the multi-threaded steel inserts, the inserts are arranged in rows, the installation part can be connected with other parts more stably, and high-precision long-term stability is guaranteed. The present embodiment is not limited to the Y-axis rail insert 8432. The anchor insert 841 can form a connection portion on the cast bed, and the connection portion is used for mounting an anchor capable of supporting the bed 1. The arrangement of the anchor inserts 841 can form anchor connection parts on the surface of the corresponding lathe bed 1, and connect and fix the structure of the lathe bed, thereby improving the stability, durability and use effect of the lathe bed.

One end of the lathe bed tubular insert 843 extends from the upper end face of the lathe bed 1 after being inserted from the side face of the lathe bed 1, the embedded tubular piece forms a glue injection channel on the lathe bed 1, a plurality of glue injection holes 14 are respectively formed on the side face of the lathe bed 1 and the end face of the lathe bed 1, which faces towards the upright post 2, the glue injection holes 14 positioned on the side face of the lathe bed 1 are inlets, the glue injection holes 14 positioned on the upper end face of the lathe bed 1 are outlets, and the glue injection holes 14 are communicated with the outside of the lathe bed 1 and the contact face of the lathe bed 1 and the upright post 2.

Referring to fig. 5 and 6, the metal insert 8 on the table 5 includes a plurality of table mount inserts 861 and Y-axis nut housing seat inserts 862, the plurality of table mount inserts 861 being symmetrically distributed on the table 5. The structure of the table assembly insert 861 is the same as that of the connection insert 851, and will not be described again.

Referring to fig. 3, 4 and 5, a table driving device for driving the table 5 to move in the Y-axis direction on the bed 1 is provided on the bed 1. The table driving device includes a Y-axis guide rail 11, a Y-axis screw 12, and a Y-axis servo motor 13 for driving the Y-axis screw 12 to rotate. The Y-axis guide rail 11 is fixed to the machine tool 1 through a Y-axis guide rail insert 8432, the Y-axis screw 12 is fixed to the machine tool 1 through a connecting insert 851, and the Y-axis servo motor 13 is fixed to the machine tool 1 through a flange insert 8431. The Y-axis screw rod 12 is provided with a Y-axis nut 15, a Y-axis nut shell 16 is sleeved outside the Y-axis nut 15, the Y-axis nut shell 16 is fixed on a Y-axis nut shell seat 17, and the Y-axis nut shell seat 17 is fixed on the workbench 5 through a Y-axis nut shell seat insert 862. The Y-axis nut 15 is in threaded transmission with the Y-axis screw 12, and the Y-axis servo motor 13 drives the workbench 5 to linearly reciprocate along the Y-axis direction through the Y-axis screw 12.

The Y-axis nut housing insert 862 is provided with a Y-axis nut housing mounting surface, and the Y-axis nut housing insert 862 is fixed with the workbench 5. The nut shell seat mounting surface is a finish machining surface and is used for mounting the Y-axis nut shell seat 17, the nut shell seat mounting surface is parallel to the Y-axis guide rail mounting surface, and the relative precision of a screw nut pair and a guide rail of the machine tool after the whole assembly is ensured.

Referring to fig. 7 and 8, the metal inserts 8 on the post 2 include rail inserts 871 and post tubular inserts 8712. The rail insert 871 has the same structure as the connection insert 851 and will not be described again.

The upright post 2 is composed of a gantry left upright post 21, a gantry right upright post 22 and a gantry cross beam 23, wherein the gantry left upright post 21 and the gantry right upright post 22 are symmetrically arranged, the gantry cross beam 23 is horizontally arranged above the gantry left upright post 21 and the gantry right upright post 22, and the gantry left upright post 21, the gantry right upright post 22 and the gantry cross beam 23 form a symmetrical gantry structure. The guide rail inserts 871 are multiple, part of the guide rail inserts 871 are divided into two groups, the two groups of the guide rail inserts 871 are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the gantry beam 23 to provide interfaces for the installation of X-axis guide rails, and part of the guide rail inserts 871 are distributed on the end parts of the gantry beam 23 to provide interfaces for the installation of motor bases of the X-axis servo motors 26. Because the metal inserts 8 are made of metal materials, the heat source inside the upright post 2 is easily conducted onto the metal inserts 8, the temperature of the upright post 2 is symmetrically distributed under the action of the metal inserts 8, so that the heat dissipation area, the heat conduction path, the mass of parts and the like of the upright post 2 are symmetrically distributed, and the thermal deformation of the upright post 2 is reduced.

One end of the upright post tubular insert 8712 extends from the lower end face of the upright post 2 after being inserted from the side face of the upright post 2, the embedded tubular member forms an exhaust passage on the upright post 2, a plurality of exhaust holes 27 are respectively formed on the side face and the lower end face of the upright post 2, the exhaust holes 27 positioned on the side face of the upright post 2 are outlets, the exhaust holes 27 positioned on the lower end face of the upright post 2 are inlets, and the exhaust holes 27 are communicated with the outside of the upright post 2 and the joint face of the lathe bed 1 and the upright post 2. Because the exhaust holes 27 on the left upright post 21 and the right upright post 22 are multiple, the contact area between the exhaust holes 27 and the joint surface is increased, and the air at the joint surface can be conveniently discharged when glue is injected to the joint surface.

When the lathe bed and the upright post are assembled, the upright post 2 is integrally hoisted to the lathe bed 1, structural adhesive is injected into the joint surface between the upright post 2 and the lathe bed 1 through the adhesive injection hole 14 until the exhaust hole 27 overflows, the structural adhesive is fully filled in the joint surface between the upright post 2 and the lathe bed 1, and the structural adhesive can make up the defect of the joint surface between the lathe bed and the upright post on the degree of thick degree, so that the lathe bed 1 and the upright post 2 are bonded together by 100%; finally, the upright post 2 is kept static in situ until the structural adhesive is fully cured, and the cured structural adhesive has better physical properties such as earthquake resistance, compression resistance, tensile resistance, impact resistance and the like, so that the upright post 2 can be bonded and fixed on the machine body 1, and the connecting rigidity between the machine body and the upright post can be increased due to the fact that the cured structural adhesive has better physical properties such as earthquake resistance, compression resistance, tensile resistance, impact resistance and the like.

Referring to fig. 8, 9 and 10, the metal insert 8 on the saddle 3 includes a saddle assembly insert 881 and an X-axis nut shell insert 8811. The saddle assembly insert 881 has the same structure as the attachment insert 851 and will not be described in detail herein; the support 6 is secured to the saddle 3 by a saddle assembly insert 881.

The upright post 2 is provided with a saddle driving device for driving the saddle 3 to move along the X-axis direction. The saddle driving device includes an X-axis guide rail 24, an X-axis screw 25, and an X-axis servo motor 26 capable of driving the X-axis screw 25 to rotate so that the saddle 3 slides in the X-axis direction. X-axis guide rail 24 is fixed to column 2 by guide rail insert 871, and X-axis servo motor 26 is fixed to column 2 by guide rail insert 871. An X-axis nut 28 is arranged on the X-axis screw rod 25, and the X-axis nut 28 is in threaded transmission with the X-axis screw rod 25. An X-axis nut shell is sleeved outside the X-axis nut 28, the X-axis nut shell is mounted on the saddle 3 through an X-axis nut shell insert 8811, and the X-axis servo motor 26 drives the X-axis nut 28 to linearly reciprocate along the X-axis direction through an X-axis screw 25.

Referring to fig. 7 and 11, the X-axis nut housing insert 8811 includes a housing body 88111, the housing body 88111 is provided with an arc shape, the arc shape is equal to the arc shape of the outer peripheral surface of the X-axis nut 28, a plurality of connection blocks 88112 are provided on the outer peripheral surface of the housing body 88111, and a plurality of connection blocks 88112 are uniformly arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the housing body 88111. The connection block 88112 extends outward in the radial direction of the housing body 88111, increasing the contact area of the housing body 88111 and the saddle 3 under the influence of the connection block 88112. Because certain vibration can be generated in the transmission process of the Y-axis screw rod 12 and the Y-axis nut 15, a plurality of connecting blocks 88112 are added to be cast into the workbench 5, the connection tightness and firmness of the Y-axis nut housing seat insert 862 and the saddle 3 are increased, the vibration frequency of the connecting parts of the X-axis nut housing insert 8811, the saddle 3 and the X-axis nut housing insert 8811 can be reduced under the matching of the materials of the X-axis nut housing insert 8811 and the saddle 3, the relative positions of the adjacent parts are kept stable, and the matching gaps between the parts in relative movement are not easy to change, so that the stability in the transmission process of the X-axis screw rod 25 and the X-axis nut 28 is improved, and a guarantee is provided for keeping stable high-precision operation of the saddle 3 along the X-axis direction.

Referring to fig. 12, 13 and 14, metal insert 8 on ram 4 includes ram fitting 8812, Z-axis nut housing seat insert 83, and pre-stressed metal bar insert 10. Ram assembly 8812 includes Z-axis rail insert and flange insert 8431, which are identical in construction to connection insert 851 and will not be described in detail herein.

Referring to fig. 15 and 16, the number of the pre-stress metal bar inserts 10 is two, and the two pre-stress metal bar inserts 10 are symmetrically embedded in the ram 4 along the length direction of the ram 4, and the pre-stress metal bar inserts 10 are preferably pre-stress steel bar inserts. The prestress metal rod insert 10 applies pressure in advance to counteract the tensile stress caused by the thermal expansion of the ram 4, further reduce the deformation amount of the ram 4, and simultaneously increase the strength of the ram 4 to avoid the ram 4 from being damaged.

The cooling pipeline 9 inside the ram 4 comprises two cooling pipes, the two cooling pipes are in a group, and the number of the groups of the cooling pipes is equal to that of the prestressed metal rod inserts 10. Two cooling pipes positioned in the same group, one is a water inlet pipe 91 and the other is a water return pipe 92, and the water inlet pipes 91 of the two groups of cooling pipes are connected in parallel. The two cooling pipes are respectively fixed at two sides of the prestress metal rod insert 10, so that the prestress metal rod insert 10 can be well cooled, and deformation of the prestress metal rod insert 10 is reduced.

The ram 4 is provided with a through hole penetrating along the length direction; the metal insert 8 on the ram 4 further comprises a motor steel sleeve insert 81 for installing the spindle motor 43 and a spindle steel sleeve insert 82 for installing a spindle, and the Z-axis nut shell seat insert 83 can be matched with the Z-axis screw rod 32;

referring to fig. 14, the motor steel bushing insert 81 and the spindle steel bushing insert 82 are respectively fixed at both ends of the through hole, the motor steel bushing end face 811 of the motor steel bushing insert 81 protrudes out of the through hole, the motor steel bushing end face 811 is a mating surface, the motor steel bushing end face 811 protrudes out of the through hole to ensure that the motor steel bushing end face 811 can be finished independently, and unnecessary waste caused by overall machining is avoided.

The main shaft steel sleeve end face 821 of the main shaft steel sleeve insert 82 is flush with the through hole, the plane where the main shaft steel sleeve end face 821 is located is a matching surface, and the matching surface is flush with the through hole, so that the main shaft steel sleeve end face 821 and the through hole can be synchronously processed, and the precision is ensured;

referring to fig. 14 and 17, a nut housing mounting surface 831 is formed on the z-axis nut housing insert 83, the z-axis nut housing insert 83 is fixed to the ram 4, the nut housing mounting surface 831 is parallel to the rail mounting surfaces 44, and the nut housing mounting surface 831 is located between the two rail mounting surfaces 44.

The nut housing mounting surface 831 is a finish surface for mounting the screw nut housing, the nut housing mounting surface 831 is parallel to the guide rail mounting surface 44, and the relative precision of the screw nut pair and the guide rail of the machine tool after the whole assembly is ensured.

The inside of the ram 4 is provided with a tool spindle 42 and a spindle motor 43 capable of driving the tool spindle 42 to work, the tool spindle 42 is fixedly arranged inside the ram 4 through a spindle steel sleeve insert 82, and the spindle motor 43 is fixed inside the ram 4 through a motor steel sleeve insert 81. The structure realizes the rear-mounted motor, and the larger the heat is at the place closer to the front end of the main shaft, the larger the influence on the deformation of the ram is. The heat of the spindle motor 43 is put away from the ram and the electric spindle through the rear position of the spindle motor 43, so that the heat of the ram 4 can be controlled better, and the heat generation of the spindle motor 43 can be restrained conveniently.

Referring to fig. 14, the ram 4 is further provided with an oil cooling line including a first oil inlet pipe 71 and a first oil return pipe 72 provided on a motor steel bushing insert 81, and a second oil inlet pipe 73 and a second oil return pipe 74 provided on a spindle steel bushing insert 82; the first oil inlet pipe 71 and the first oil return pipe 72 are used for providing interfaces for a motor provided with an oil cooling ring, so that the spindle motor 43 can be cooled conveniently; the second oil inlet pipe 73 and the second oil return pipe 74 are used for providing interfaces for the spindle bearing provided with the oil cooling ring, so that the electric spindle can be cooled conveniently, and the influence of deformation caused by temperature on the spindle precision is reduced.

Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 10, the ram 4 is mounted on a side surface of the saddle 3, a ram connecting groove 34 and a pressing plate 35 are correspondingly arranged on the saddle 3, a ram driving device capable of driving the ram 4 to slide along the Z-axis direction is arranged on the saddle 3, the ram driving device comprises a Z-axis screw 32 and a Z-axis servo motor 33 capable of driving the Z-axis screw 32 to rotate so that the ram 4 slides along the Z-axis, and the Z-axis servo motor 33 is mounted on the support 6. Z-axis guide rail 31 is fixed on saddle 3 through guide rail insert 871, is provided with Z-axis nut 36 on the Z-axis lead screw 32, and the outside cover of Z-axis nut 36 is equipped with Z-axis nut shell 41, and Z-axis nut shell 41 is fixed on Z-axis nut shell seat 45, and Z-axis nut shell seat insert 83 is installed on ram 4, and Z-axis nut 36 and Z-axis lead screw 32 screw drive, and Z-axis servo motor 33 is through Z-axis lead screw 32 drive ram 4 along the straight reciprocating slip of Z-axis direction.

The Z-axis guide rail 31 is located between the pressing plate 35 and the ram connecting groove 34, the contact surfaces of the pressing plate 35, the ram connecting groove 34 and the ram sliding rail are respectively provided with the wear-resistant layer 20, structural damage caused by friction is reduced due to the arrangement of the wear-resistant layer 20, the service life of the structure is prolonged, and therefore heat generated by friction between the structures is reduced.

The contact surface of the wear-resistant layer 20 and the Z-axis guide rail 31 is processed into a precision surface, wherein the precision surface positioned on the pressing plate 35 is a copying surface of the precision surface of the ram connecting groove 34, the contact surface is polished before copying by adopting a copying processing method, a filling space of guide rail glue is reserved, the copying tool is provided with the precision surface formed by processing and polishing, when the precision surface of the saddle 3 and the copying tool are contacted, the guide rail glue is uniformly smeared on the polishing surface of the saddle 3, at the moment, the guide rail glue has the precision of the precision surface of the copying tool, and the precision of the precision surface of the copying tool can be copied to the saddle 3 through the cooperation of the guide rail glue and the copying tool, so that the geometric precision of the saddle 3 is ensured.

Referring to fig. 18, the outer portions of the x-axis nut case, the Y-axis nut case, and the Z-axis nut case 41 are each sleeved with a cooling jacket 30. The cooling jacket 30 comprises an inner jacket 301 and an outer jacket 302 which are connected together by an inner jacket 302, the inner jacket 301 and the outer jacket 302 are fixedly connected by bolts, an annular groove 3011 is formed in the outer wall surface of the inner jacket 301, a cooling channel for cooling liquid to pass through is formed between the annular groove 3011 and the inner peripheral surface of the outer jacket 302, the nut shell is axially cooled under the action of the annular groove 3011, heat generated in the nut and screw transmission process can be directly taken away by axial cooling, the heat is transmitted to a cooling pipeline 9 by the outer jacket 302 and is finally taken away by cooling liquid in the cooling pipeline 9, and the heat dissipation condition of the nut can be greatly improved in this way, and the temperature of the nut shell and the screw can be further controlled.

Example 2: the difference from the embodiment 1 is that the bed 1, the upright post 2, the saddle 3, the ram 4, the workbench 5 and the support 6 are all cast by foaming cement materials, and a reinforcing framework capable of reinforcing the strength of the cast is further arranged inside the bed 1, the upright post 2, the saddle 3, the ram 4, the workbench 5 and the support 6. The reinforcing framework is made of steel bars, and the shape of the reinforcing framework is matched with the shape of the corresponding casting.

Before casting the castings of the lathe bed 1, the upright post 2, the saddle 3, the ram 4 and the workbench 5, binding the steel bars into a steel bar framework in advance, then integrally hoisting the steel bar framework into a casting die corresponding to the castings, and integrally casting the steel bar framework and casting materials by the arrangement trend of the steel bars while avoiding the metal inserts 8 and the cooling pipelines 9 in the lathe bed 1, the upright post 2, the saddle 3, the ram 4 and the workbench 5.

Because the foaming cement has stronger compressive capacity and the reinforcing steel bar has stronger tensile capacity, the reinforcing steel bar is embedded in the foaming cement, so that the casting formed by integral casting can have the compressive property of the foaming cement and the tensile property of the reinforcing steel bar at the same time, and the bearing capacity of the casting can be improved under the combined action of the compressive property of the foaming cement and the tensile property of the reinforcing steel bar.

The porous structure of the foaming cement has better shock absorption capability, and reduces the influence of vibration on the relative position precision and geometric precision between castings of the relative motion of the machine tool.

The cast iron, cast stone and foamed cement materials were subjected to performance comparison, and the comparison results are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 analysis of cast iron and cast stone, foamed Cement Performance

As can be seen from Table 1, the cast stone material has a thermal conductivity of only 1/20 of that of cast iron, and is insensitive to short-term environmental temperature changes, as compared with the conventional cast iron material. Therefore, when the lathe bed, the stand column, the saddle, the ram, the workbench and the support castings are all made of mineral cast stone materials, the thermal deformation of the lathe adopting the mineral cast stone materials for casting is smaller than that of the lathe adopting gray cast iron parts in unit time under the same heat, and the geometric precision of each casting of the lathe is ensured due to the smaller casting deformation of the lathe.

The mineral cast stone material also has good vibration damping performance, the damping characteristic value of the mineral cast stone material is 6-10 times of that of cast iron, and the lathe bed, the upright post, the saddle, the ram, the workbench and the support casting are all made of mineral cast stone materials with excellent vibration damping performance, so that the vibration amplitude of the moving part and the connecting part thereof can be reduced, the relative positions of the adjacent parts can be kept stable, and the fit clearance between the parts which move relatively is not easy to change. Due to the fact that the casting deformation of the machine tool and the fit clearance between the relatively moving parts are reduced, the machine tool can maintain stable geometric accuracy, positioning accuracy and repeated positioning accuracy in a long-time working process.

Example 3: the difference from embodiment 1 is only that, in combination with fig. 1 and 19, the two ends of the bed 1, the column 2, the saddle 3, the ram 4 and the table 5 are respectively provided with a pipe joint at the two ends of the cooling pipeline 9, the specifications of the pipe joints are adapted to the end parts of the cooling pipeline, the pipe joints can realize the communication of the cooling pipeline between adjacent castings, and the pipe joints can be selected according to the actual requirements and connected with the cooling pipeline, which is not limited herein.

The machine tool body 1, the upright post 2, the saddle 3, the ram 4 and the workbench 5 are respectively provided with a pipe joint insert 40 in advance, the pipe joint insert 40 is provided with a cavity matched with the cooling pipeline, the pipe joint is fixed on a corresponding casting through the pipe joint insert, the end part of the cooling pipeline is inserted into the cavity before casting forming, the inner wall of the cavity is provided with a thread section, the outside of the casting is provided with a template, the template is provided with a through hole, the center of the through hole is coincident with the center of the cavity, a bolt penetrates through the through hole and is in threaded connection with the thread section of the cavity, the position of the end part of the cooling pipeline is fixed under the action of the template, and meanwhile, the setting of the template can prevent casting materials from entering the cooling pipeline; after casting, the template is removed, the pipe joint and the pipe joint insert 40 are connected through bolts, and the cooling pipelines of adjacent castings are connected through the pipe joints, so that the communication before the cooling pipelines is realized.

Performance test:

the machine tool body and the column of example 1 and cast iron were tested for connection stiffness. The results are shown in tables 2 and 3.

The testing method comprises the following steps: referring to fig. 20, after the bed and the column are assembled, the bed is fixed, the motor drives the screw rod to apply 1000N of acting force to different points of the machine tool, a weight=17000n is simulated on the bed, and the deformation is measured by using a german marhr digital display indicator.

Test point location distribution referring to fig. 21 and 22, fig. 21 is a point location distribution of the front surface of the machine tool; fig. 21 shows the dot distribution on the back of the machine tool.

Table 2, cast stone bed and column force deformation test data

Table 3, cast iron bed and column force deformation test data

As can be seen from comparison of tables 2 and 3, under the conditions of the same temperature, the same test point position, the same acting force and the same time, the deformation of the cast piece made of the cast stone material is smaller than that of the cast piece made of the cast iron material, namely the rigidity of the cast piece made of the cast stone material is larger than that of the cast piece made of the cast iron material, so that the geometric precision of the cast piece is ensured.

The lathe bed, stand, saddle, ram and workstation and support foundry goods of this application all adopt mineral cast stone material to make, and this application is through laying metal inserts in cast stone material inside, through metal inserts and cast stone material's cooperation, the thermal deformation of foundry goods different positions department is close, and the foundry goods is wholly heated evenly, and each foundry goods thermal deformation degree of demonstration lathe is close to guarantee the geometric accuracy of lathe.

The lathe bed, stand, saddle, ram and workstation and support foundry goods of this application all adopt mineral cast stone material to make, this application is through laying metal insert inside cast stone material, through the cooperation of metal insert and cast stone material, makes the lathe foundry goods after the shaping have higher rigidity, has compensatied the relatively poor problem of cast stone material own tensile strength and compressive strength, the life of each foundry goods of lathe has been prolonged, the bearing capacity of each foundry goods of lathe has been improved simultaneously for the lathe foundry goods is difficult for deformation under the external force influence, guarantees the geometric accuracy and the positioning accuracy of each foundry goods on the lathe.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present utility model, and not for limiting the same; although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the utility model.

Claims

1. The vertical machining center comprises a lathe bed (1), an upright post (2), a saddle (3), a ram (4), a workbench (5) and a support (6), and is characterized in that the lathe bed (1), the upright post (2), the saddle (3), the ram (4), the workbench (5) and the support (6) are all formed by casting mineral cementing materials;

the machine tool body (1) is provided with a workbench driving device for driving a workbench (5) to move along the Y-axis direction on the machine tool body (1);

the vertical column (2) is fixed on the lathe bed (1), the vertical column (2) is of a symmetrical gantry structure and comprises a gantry left vertical column (21), a gantry right vertical column (22) and a gantry cross beam (23), and a saddle driving device for driving the saddle (3) to move along the X-axis direction is arranged on the gantry cross beam (23);

a ram driving device capable of driving the ram (4) to slide along the Z-axis direction is arranged on the ram (3);

the ram (4) is internally provided with a tool spindle (42) and a spindle motor (43) capable of driving the tool spindle (42) to work.

2. The vertical machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that the interiors of the bed (1), the upright (2), the saddle (3), the ram (4), the table (5) and the support (6) are respectively pre-provided with metal inserts (8), the metal inserts (8) providing interfaces for mounting other workpieces.

3. The vertical machining center according to claim 2, characterized in that the metal inserts (8) located in the bed (1) comprise a foot insert (841) and a bed-mounting insert (842) and a bed tubular insert (843), the foot insert (841) being able to form a connection on the as-cast bed for mounting feet able to support the bed (1); the lathe bed assembly insert (842) is provided with an insert cavity, and the inner wall of the insert cavity is provided with a thread structure; the lathe bed tubular insert (843) can form a glue injection hole (14) channel in the lathe bed;

the metal inserts (8) positioned on the upright posts (2) comprise guide rail inserts (871), upright post inserts (8711) and upright post tubular inserts (8712), wherein the upright post inserts (8711) are provided with insert cavities, and the inner walls of the insert cavities are provided with thread structures; the column tubular insert (8712) is capable of forming an exhaust vent (27) within the column;

structural adhesive is injected into the joint surface between the upright post (2) and the lathe bed (1) through the adhesive injection hole (14), so that the upright post (2) and the lathe bed (1) are fixedly bonded together by adopting the structural adhesive.

4. The vertical machining center according to claim 1, wherein a ram connecting groove (34) and a pressing plate (35) are arranged on the saddle (3), a ram sliding rail is located between the pressing plate (35) and the ram connecting groove (34), wear-resistant layers (20) are respectively arranged on contact surfaces of the pressing plate (35) and the ram connecting groove (34) and the ram sliding rail, and the contact surfaces of the wear-resistant layers (20) and the ram sliding rail are machined into precision surfaces.

5. The vertical machining center according to claim 1, wherein the table driving device, the saddle driving device and the ram driving device each comprise a screw pair, and a Y-axis nut (15) shell matched with the screw pair is fixedly arranged on the table (5);

an X-axis nut (28) shell matched with the screw pair is fixedly arranged on the saddle (3);

a Z-axis nut (36) shell matched with the screw pair is fixedly arranged on the ram (4);

the outside of the X-axis nut (28) shell, the outside of the Y-axis nut (15) shell and the outside of the Z-axis nut (36) shell are respectively provided with a cooling sleeve (30);

nut shell inserts for installing nut shells are respectively arranged in the saddle (3), the ram (4) and the workbench (5).

6. The vertical machining center according to claim 1, wherein the peripheries of the bed (1), the upright (2), the saddle (3), the ram (4), the table (5) and the support (6) are respectively provided with heat-insulating cotton.

7. The vertical machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that the interiors of the bed (1), the column (2), the saddle (3), the ram (4) and the table (5) are all provided with cooling pipes (9).

8. The vertical machining center according to claim 7, characterized in that the ram (4) is internally provided with at least two pre-stressed metal bar inserts (10), the pre-stressed metal bar inserts (10) being symmetrically embedded inside the ram (4) along the length direction of the ram (4).

9. The vertical machining center according to claim 8, characterized in that the cooling line (9) comprises at least two cooling pipes, which are evenly distributed on both sides of the pre-stressed metal bar insert (10).

10. The vertical machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that an oil cooling line is provided inside the ram (4), the oil cooling line comprising a first oil inlet pipe (71) and a first oil return pipe (72) and a second oil inlet pipe (73) and a second oil return pipe (74), the first oil inlet pipe (71) and the first oil return pipe (72) being for providing an interface for a spindle motor (43) provided with an oil cooling ring; the second oil inlet pipe (73) and the second oil return pipe (74) are used for providing interfaces for bearings of the tool main shaft (42) provided with the oil cooling ring.