CN218921793U

CN218921793U - Feeding turn-over device for glove turning machine

Info

Publication number: CN218921793U
Application number: CN202222544047.7U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 鞠佳霖; 李欣
Original assignee: Shandong Longrun Cnc Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Shandong Longrun Cnc Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-09-26
Filing date: 2022-09-26
Publication date: 2023-04-28
Anticipated expiration: 2032-09-26

Abstract

The utility model relates to a feeding and turning device for a glove turning machine, which comprises a rotary feeding mechanism arranged on a workbench, wherein the rotary feeding mechanism can translate along the workbench, the rotary feeding mechanism comprises a rotatable U-shaped plate, two mutually symmetrical front claw connecting plates are arranged in the U-shaped plate, the upper ends of the front claw connecting plates are fixedly provided with front claws for supporting gloves, and the distance between the two front claws for supporting the gloves is adjustable. According to the utility model, the sliding plate is arranged to realize the translation of the rotary feeding mechanism along the workbench, the rotary motor is arranged to drive the U-shaped plate to rotate, compared with the traditional method of driving the rotary swinging shaft to rotate, the rotary feeding stroke is short, the lifting glove lower die is arranged, the glove lower die is lifted to transfer the glove supporting the front claw of the glove onto the glove lower die, the lifting force of the glove lower die is large, the glove is quickly transferred, and the glove sleeve is smooth.

Description

Feeding turn-over device for glove turning machine

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of glove production equipment, in particular to a feeding turn-over device for a glove turning machine.

Background

The mitt must be manufactured by sewing the seams together using a sewing technique. In the production process, the glove is sewn from the back surface, and then turned over after sewing, so that the surface with a flat appearance is used as the front surface, and the sewing position is hidden inside, thereby avoiding the abrasion of the sewing thread head and improving the attractiveness of the glove.

The existing glove turning machine comprises a mouth opening mechanism, a rotary feeding mechanism, a turning mechanism and a receiving mechanism which are sequentially arranged, wherein a palm sleeve mouth is firstly required to be opened by the mouth opening mechanism, then the open glove is moved onto the turning mechanism by the rotary feeding mechanism, and then the glove is turned over by the cooperation of a front hand die and a rear hand die of the turning mechanism.

The existing rotary feeding mechanism needs to rotate the rotary swinging shaft together when rotating, so that the rotary feeding stroke is long, time and labor are wasted, and the rotary shaft is unstable after rotation. Secondly, the traditional translation is along the rotation swinging axis, and the translation is unstable; finally, the lower hand mould of the existing glove turning mechanism can not lift, and the glove can be sleeved on the lower hand mould only by means of downward force of the rotary feeding mechanism, so that uneven glove sleeves often appear, and the glove turning in the next step is affected.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, a feeding and turning device for a glove turning machine is provided, so as to solve the problems in the prior art.

In order to achieve the above object, the present utility model is realized by the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a turn over glove machine material loading turn over device, includes the rotatory feed mechanism of setting on the workstation, and rotatory feed mechanism can follow the workstation translation, and rotatory feed machine includes rotatable U template, sets up two preceding claw connecting plates of mutual symmetry in the U template, and preceding claw connecting plate upper end is fixed to be provided with and supports the gloves front claw, and the interval between two support gloves front claws is adjustable.

As a further technical scheme of the utility model: the U-shaped plate outside sets up hold-in range one, and hold-in range one is passed through hold-in range one by first motor drive and is rotated, and two front claw connecting plates are connected with the opposite both sides of hold-in range one respectively, are provided with the slide rail between the U-shaped plate, front claw connecting plate lower extreme slidable mounting on the slide rail.

As a further technical scheme of the utility model: the U-shaped plate is provided with the rotating electrical machines on one side, and the output of rotating electrical machines is connected with the pivot, and the pivot is located U-shaped plate below and terminal surface fixed connection under the U-shaped plate, and the pivot below is the sliding plate, and the rotating electrical machines is installed on the sliding plate, and the pivot is installed at the sliding plate up end through the swivel shaft seat.

As a further technical scheme of the utility model: the lower end face of the sliding plate is provided with a first sliding block, the upper end face of the workbench is provided with a first sliding rail matched with the first sliding block, the lower end face of the sliding plate is fixedly provided with a connecting plate, the connecting plate penetrates through the workbench and then is connected with a second synchronous belt, the second synchronous belt is driven by a second motor through a second synchronous belt pulley, and the workbench is provided with a groove body for moving the connecting plate.

As a further technical scheme of the utility model: the rear side of the rotary feeding mechanism is a turn-over mechanism, the turn-over mechanism comprises a liftable glove lower die, a liftable glove turn-over handle is arranged on the outer side of the glove lower die, a liftable glove upper die is arranged above the glove lower die, and glove support rods capable of sliding up and down are arranged in the inner cavities of the thumb loop rod and the little thumb loop rod of the glove upper die.

As a further technical scheme of the utility model: the lifting of the glove lower die is driven by a first driving assembly, the first driving assembly drives a synchronous belt III, the glove lower die is connected with the synchronous belt III through a glove lower die connecting piece, and the synchronous belt III is driven by a motor three through a synchronous belt pulley III.

As a further technical scheme of the utility model: the lifting of the glove overturning handle is driven by a second driving assembly, the second driving assembly comprises a synchronous belt IV, the glove overturning handle is connected with the synchronous belt IV through an overturning handle connecting piece, and the synchronous belt IV is driven by a motor IV through a synchronous belt pulley IV.

As a further technical scheme of the utility model: the glove upper die is characterized in that two supporting slide rails are arranged on the rear side of the glove upper die, an upper slide plate is arranged on the upper portion of each supporting slide rail in a sliding mode, the upper slide plate is connected with the glove upper die through an upper die fixing piece, the upper slide plate is connected with a synchronous belt five, and the synchronous belt five is driven to rotate by a motor five through a synchronous pulley five.

As a further technical scheme of the utility model: the upper end of the glove stay bar is fixedly connected with the finger stay bar connecting plate, and the glove stay bar is driven by the lifting motor to lift the crank connecting rod assembly.

As a further technical scheme of the utility model: the rotary feeding mechanism is provided with one or more turning mechanisms, and the number of the turning mechanisms is consistent with that of the rotary feeding mechanisms.

The utility model has the beneficial effects that:

the sliding plate is arranged to realize the translation of the rotary feeding mechanism along the workbench, the rotating motor is arranged to drive the U-shaped plate to rotate, and compared with the traditional method for driving the rotary swinging shaft to rotate, the rotary feeding mechanism has the advantages of short rotary feeding stroke, less time consumption and high production efficiency, and the whole structure is stable after rotation because the rotary swinging shaft is not arranged.

The lifting glove lower die is arranged, the glove lower die is lifted to transfer the glove supporting the front claw of the glove onto the glove lower die, and compared with the traditional method that the glove is sleeved on the lower hand die by means of downward force of the rotary feeding mechanism, the lifting force of the glove lower die is larger, the glove is quickly transferred, and the glove sleeve is smooth.

The utility model realizes lifting, translation and rotation by arranging the motor, and reduces the operation cost compared with the method which uses the air cylinder.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a side view of the primary structure of the present utility model;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the main structure of the present utility model;

fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a main structure of the rotary feeding mechanism before rotation;

fig. 4 is a side view of the main structure of the rotary feeding mechanism before rotation;

fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the rotary feeding mechanism after rotation;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the turn-over mechanism;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the main structure of the glove lower mold;

FIG. 8 is a front view of the main structure of the glove upper mould;

FIG. 9 is a side view of the primary structure of the glove upper mold;

fig. 10 is a top view of the rotary feed mechanism.

In the figure: the device comprises a 1-workbench, a 2-rotary feeding mechanism, a 3-U-shaped plate, a 4-front claw connecting plate, a 5-glove supporting front claw, a 6-synchronous belt I, a 7-first motor, a 8-synchronous pulley I, a 9-sliding rail, a 10-rotary motor, a 11-rotating shaft, a 12-sliding plate, a 13-rotating shaft seat, a 14-sliding rail I, a 15-connecting plate, a 16-synchronous belt II, a 17-motor II, a 18-groove body, a 19-turn-over mechanism, a 20-glove lower die, a 21-glove turn-over handle, a 22-glove upper die, a 23-glove brace, a 24-synchronous belt III, a 25-glove lower die connecting piece, a 26-motor III, a 27-synchronous belt IV, a 28-turn-over handle connecting piece, a 29-motor IV, a 30-supporting sliding rail, a 31-upper sliding plate, a 32-upper die fixing piece, a 33-synchronous belt V, a 34-motor V, a 35-finger brace connecting plate, a 36-lifting motor and a 37-crank connecting rod assembly.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present utility model will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present utility model, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.

Example 1

Referring to fig. 1-10, a feeding and turning device for a glove turning machine comprises a rotary feeding mechanism 2 arranged on a workbench 1, wherein the number of the rotary feeding mechanisms 2 is one or more, a mouth opening mechanism is arranged in front of the rotary feeding mechanism 2 and used for opening the palm rest mouth of a glove. The rotary feeding mechanism 2 comprises a rotatable U-shaped plate 3, two mutually symmetrical front claw connecting plates 4 are arranged in the U-shaped plate 3, front claw 5 for supporting gloves are fixedly arranged at the upper ends of the front claw connecting plates 4, and the distance between the two front claw 5 for supporting the gloves is adjustable. The outside of the U-shaped plate 3 is provided with a first synchronous belt 6, the first synchronous belt 6 is driven to rotate by a first motor 7 through a first synchronous belt pulley 8, two front claw connecting plates 4 are respectively connected with two opposite sides of the first synchronous belt 6, a sliding rail 9 is arranged between the U-shaped plate 3, and the lower ends of the front claw connecting plates 4 are slidably arranged on the sliding rail 9.

Referring to fig. 10, a first motor 7 drives a first synchronous pulley 8 to rotate, the first synchronous pulley 8 drives a first synchronous belt 6 to rotate, one of two mutually symmetrical front claw connecting plates 4 is connected with the left side of the first synchronous belt 6, the other is connected with the right side of the first synchronous belt 6, that is, the two mutually symmetrical front claw connecting plates 4 move along a sliding rail 9 in opposite directions, and the distance between the two front claws 5 of the supporting glove is adjusted. When two or more rotary feeding mechanisms 2 are provided, the front claw connecting plates 4 of two adjacent rotary feeding mechanisms 2 can be driven by the same synchronous belt one 6 (figure 3) or can be independently driven (figure 10).

The rotary feeding mechanism 2 can translate along the workbench 1, a rotary motor 10 is arranged on one side of the U-shaped plate 3, the output end of the rotary motor 10 is connected with a rotary shaft 11, the rotary shaft 11 is positioned below the U-shaped plate 3 and fixedly connected with the lower end face of the U-shaped plate 3, a sliding plate 12 is arranged below the rotary shaft 11, the rotary motor 10 is arranged on the sliding plate 12, and the rotary shaft 11 is arranged on the upper end face of the sliding plate 12 through a rotary shaft seat 13.

When rotating, the sliding plate 12 is not rotated, and since the rotary electric machine 10 is mounted on the sliding plate 12, the rotary electric machine 10 is not rotated as a whole, the rotary shaft seat 13 is adapted to mount the rotary shaft 11, and the rotary shaft seat 13 is fixed on the sliding plate 12 and is not rotated. The output end of the rotating motor 10 drives the rotating shaft 11 to rotate, the rotating shaft 11 drives the U-shaped plate 3 to rotate rightwards by about 90 degrees, and the front claw connecting plate 4, the sliding rail 9, the front claw 5 of the supporting glove, the synchronous belt one 6 and the first motor 7 rotate simultaneously.

The lower end face of the sliding plate 12 is provided with a first sliding block, the upper end face of the workbench 1 is provided with a first sliding rail 14 matched with the first sliding block, the lower end face of the sliding plate 12 is fixedly provided with a connecting plate 15, the connecting plate 15 penetrates through the workbench 1 and then is connected with a second synchronous belt 16, the second synchronous belt 16 is driven by a second motor 17 through a second synchronous belt pulley, and the workbench 1 is provided with a groove body 18 for moving the connecting plate 15.

When in translation, the motor II 17 drives the synchronous belt II 16 to rotate through the synchronous belt wheel II to drive the connecting plate 15 and the sliding plate 12 to translate, the connecting plate moves along the groove body 18, the sliding block I moves along the sliding rail I14, the translation of the sliding plate 12 is realized, and components on the sliding plate 12 translate simultaneously.

The rear side of the rotary feeding mechanism 2 is provided with a turnover mechanism 19, and the number of the turnover mechanisms 19 is one or more and is consistent with that of the rotary feeding mechanism 2. The turn-over mechanism 19 comprises a liftable glove lower die 20, the height of the glove lower die 20 is matched with the height of the rotary feeding mechanism 2, the glove on the front supporting glove claw 5 is right above the glove lower die 20 after the front supporting glove claw 5 rotates, and the glove lower die 20 is positioned between the two front supporting glove claws 5.

The lifting of the glove lower die 20 is driven by a first driving assembly, the first driving assembly comprises a synchronous belt III 24, the glove lower die 20 is connected with the synchronous belt III 24 through a glove lower die connecting piece 25, and the synchronous belt III 24 is driven by a motor III 26 through a synchronous belt wheel III. The glove lower die 20 is connected with the glove lower die connecting piece 25, the glove lower die connecting piece 25 is connected with the third synchronous belt 24, the third motor 26 drives the third synchronous belt 24 to rotate through the third synchronous belt pulley, and the third synchronous belt 24 lifts to drive the glove lower die connecting piece 25 and the glove lower die 20 to lift. When the number of the turn-over mechanisms 19 is two or more, the lifting of the adjacent two glove lower molds 20 can be driven by the same synchronous belt (fig. 7) or can be controlled independently. In order to improve the lifting stability of the glove lower die 20, sliding blocks can be arranged on two sides of the glove lower die connecting piece 25, and matched sliding rails are arranged behind the sliding blocks, so that the sliding blocks move along the sliding rails during lifting.

The outside of the glove lower die 20 is provided with a liftable glove overturning handle 21, the glove lower die 20 and the glove overturning handle 21 are mutually independent, and the height of the initial position of the glove overturning handle 21 is lower than that of the glove lower die 20. The lifting of the glove roll-over handle 21 is driven by a second driving assembly, the second driving assembly comprises a synchronous belt IV 27, the glove roll-over handle 21 is connected with the synchronous belt IV 27 through a roll-over handle connecting piece 28, and the synchronous belt IV 27 is driven by a motor IV 29 through a synchronous belt wheel IV. The glove overturning handle 21 is connected with an overturning handle connecting piece 28, the overturning handle connecting piece 28 is connected with a synchronous belt IV 27, and a motor IV 29 drives the synchronous belt IV 27 to lift through the synchronous belt pulley IV, so that the glove overturning handle 21 and the overturning handle connecting piece 28 are driven to lift. When the number of the turn-over mechanisms 19 is two or more, the lifting and lowering of the adjacent two glove turn-over handles 21 can be driven by the same timing belt (fig. 7).

The upper glove mould 22 capable of lifting is arranged above the lower glove mould 20, two support slide rails 30 are arranged on the rear side of the upper glove mould 22, an upper slide plate 31 is arranged on the upper portion of the support slide rails 30 in a sliding mode, the upper slide plate 31 is connected with the upper glove mould 22 through an upper mould fixing piece 32, the upper slide plate 31 is connected with a synchronous belt five 33, and the synchronous belt five 33 is driven to rotate through a synchronous belt pulley five by a motor five 34.

The motor five 34 drives the synchronous belt five 33 to lift through the synchronous belt wheel five, the synchronous belt five 33 drives the upper sliding plate 31 to lift along the supporting sliding rail 30, and the upper sliding plate 31 drives the glove upper die 22 to lift through the upper die fixing piece 32.

The inner cavities of the thumb sleeve rod and the little thumb sleeve rod of the glove upper die 22 are respectively provided with a glove support rod 23 which can slide up and down, the upper ends of the glove support rods 23 are fixedly connected with a finger support rod connecting plate 35, and the glove support rods 23 drive a crank connecting rod assembly 37 to lift by a lifting motor 36.

Example two

The specific embodiment of the utility model comprises the following steps:

when in use, the front of the rotary feeding mechanism 2 is provided with a mouth opening mechanism which is used for opening the palm rest mouth of the glove. The second motor 17 drives the second synchronous belt 16 to rotate through the second synchronous belt pulley to drive the connecting plate 15 and the sliding plate 12 to translate, the connecting plate moves along the groove body 18, and the first sliding block moves along the first sliding rail 14 to translate the sliding plate 12. At this time, the two front supporting glove claws 5 are attached to each other without a gap therebetween, and the front supporting glove claws 5 are continuously close to the glove until the two front supporting glove claws 4 extend into the palm cuffs.

The first motor 7 drives the synchronous pulley I8 to rotate, the synchronous pulley I8 drives the synchronous belt I6 to rotate, one of the two mutually symmetrical front claw connecting plates 4 is connected with the left side of the synchronous belt I6, the other is connected with the right side of the synchronous belt I6, namely, the two mutually symmetrical front claw connecting plates 4 move along the sliding rail 9 in opposite directions, the distance between the two front claws 5 of the supporting glove is increased, the front claws 5 of the supporting glove support the palm sleeve opening, and the glove is transferred to the front claws 5 of the supporting glove.

The slide plate 12 translates, continuously approaching the turn-over mechanism 19. Then the output end of the rotating motor 10 drives the rotating shaft 11 to rotate, the rotating shaft 11 drives the U-shaped plate 3 to rotate rightwards by about 90 degrees, the front claw connecting plate 4, the sliding rail 9, the front claw 5 for supporting the glove, the synchronous belt I6 and the first motor 7 simultaneously rotate, after the front claw 5 for supporting the glove rotates, the glove on the front claw 5 for supporting the glove is just above the glove lower die 20, and the glove lower die 20 is positioned between the two front claws 5 for supporting the glove.

The glove lower die 20 and the glove overturning handle 21 are lifted at the same time, the positions of the front supporting glove claws 5 are unchanged, the glove is transferred to the glove lower die 20 and the glove overturning handle 21 from the front supporting glove claws 5, at the moment, the glove palm sleeve opening is positioned on the glove overturning handle 21, and the fingers are positioned on the glove lower die 20.

The glove upper mold 22 begins to descend until the fingertips of the index finger and the middle finger of the glove upper mold 22 contact the glove, at which time, the thumb loop bar and the little finger loop bar are not contacted with the glove because they are short. Then, the glove support 23 starts to descend, the lower end of the glove support 23 penetrates out of the thumb sleeve and the little thumb sleeve, and the lower end of the glove support 23 contacts with the glove. Namely, the lower ends of the glove supporting rods 23, the glove upper mould 20 and the lower ends of the sleeve rods of the index finger and the middle finger respectively prop against the fingertips of the glove.

The glove lower die 20 is not moved, the glove overturning handle 21 is lifted until the glove is completely overturned onto the glove upper die 22, and the glove supporting rod 23 is lifted and reset during the period, so that the glove overturning action is completed. Then, the glove roll-over lever 21 and the glove lower mold 20 are lowered to prepare for a new operation.

It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the utility model is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present utility model may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the utility model being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.

Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present disclosure describes embodiments, not every embodiment is provided with a separate embodiment, and that this description is provided for clarity only, and that the disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in detail below, and that the embodiments described in the examples may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments that will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a turn over gloves machine material loading turn over device which characterized in that: including setting up rotatory feed mechanism (2) on workstation (1), rotatory feed mechanism (2) can follow workstation (1) translation, and rotatory feed mechanism (2) are including rotatable U template (3), set up two preceding claw connecting plates (4) of mutual symmetry in U template (3), and preceding claw connecting plate (4) upper end is fixed to be provided with and supports glove front claw (5), and the interval between two support glove front claws (5) is adjustable.

2. The feeding and turning device for a glove turning machine according to claim 1, wherein: the U-shaped plate (3) outside sets up hold-in range one (6), and hold-in range one (6) is rotated through synchronous pulley one (8) drive by first motor (7), and two preceding claw connecting plates (4) are connected with the opposite both sides of hold-in range one (6) respectively, are provided with slide rail (9) between U-shaped plate (3), preceding claw connecting plates (4) lower extreme slidable mounting on slide rail (9).

3. The feeding and turning device for a glove turning machine according to claim 2, wherein: one side of the U-shaped plate (3) is provided with a rotating motor (10), the output end of the rotating motor (10) is connected with a rotating shaft (11), the rotating shaft (11) is positioned below the U-shaped plate (3) and fixedly connected with the lower end face of the U-shaped plate (3), the sliding plate (12) is arranged below the rotating shaft (11), the rotating motor (10) is arranged on the sliding plate (12), and the rotating shaft (11) is arranged on the upper end face of the sliding plate (12) through a rotating shaft seat (13).

4. A glove turning machine feed turn-up apparatus as claimed in claim 3 wherein: the lower end face of the sliding plate (12) is provided with a first sliding block, the upper end face of the workbench (1) is provided with a first sliding rail (14) which is matched with the first sliding block, the lower end face of the sliding plate (12) is fixedly provided with a connecting plate (15), the connecting plate (15) penetrates through the workbench (1) and then is connected with a second synchronous belt (16), the second synchronous belt (16) is driven by a second motor (17) through a second synchronous belt pulley, and the workbench (1) is provided with a groove body (18) for moving the connecting plate (15).

5. The feeding and turning device for a glove turning machine according to claim 1, wherein: the rear side of the rotary feeding mechanism (2) is provided with a turn-over mechanism (19), the turn-over mechanism (19) comprises a liftable glove lower die (20), a liftable glove turn-over handle (21) is arranged on the outer side of the glove lower die (20), a liftable glove upper die (22) is arranged above the glove lower die (20), and glove supporting rods (23) capable of sliding up and down are arranged in inner cavities of a thumb sleeve rod and a little thumb sleeve rod of the glove upper die (22).

6. The feeding and turning device for a glove turning machine according to claim 5, wherein: the lifting of the glove lower die (20) is driven by a first driving assembly, the first driving assembly comprises a synchronous belt III (24), the glove lower die (20) is connected with the synchronous belt III (24) through a glove lower die connecting piece (25), and the synchronous belt III (24) is driven by a motor III (26) through a synchronous belt wheel III.

7. The feeding and turning device for a glove turning machine according to claim 5, wherein: the lifting of the glove overturning handle (21) is driven by a second driving assembly, the second driving assembly comprises a synchronous belt IV (27), the glove overturning handle (21) is connected with the synchronous belt IV (27) through an overturning handle connecting piece (28), and the synchronous belt IV (27) is driven by a motor IV (29) through a synchronous belt pulley IV.

8. The feeding and turning device for a glove turning machine according to claim 5, wherein: two support slide rails (30) are arranged on the rear side of the glove upper die (22), an upper slide plate (31) is arranged on the upper portion of the support slide rail (30) in a sliding mode, the upper slide plate (31) is connected with the glove upper die (22) through an upper die fixing piece (32), the upper slide plate (31) is connected with a synchronous belt five (33), and the synchronous belt five (33) is driven to rotate through a synchronous belt pulley five by a motor five (34).

9. The feeding and turning device for a glove turning machine according to claim 8, wherein: the upper end of the glove stay bar (23) is fixedly connected with the finger stay bar connecting plate (35), and the glove stay bar (23) drives the crank connecting rod assembly (37) to lift by the lifting motor (36).

10. The feeding and turning device for a glove turning machine according to claim 1, wherein: one or more rotary feeding mechanisms (2) are arranged, and the number of the turnover mechanisms (19) is consistent with that of the rotary feeding mechanisms (2).