CN218882636U - Straight line walking valve and excavator - Google Patents
Straight line walking valve and excavator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN218882636U CN218882636U CN202223086976.4U CN202223086976U CN218882636U CN 218882636 U CN218882636 U CN 218882636U CN 202223086976 U CN202223086976 U CN 202223086976U CN 218882636 U CN218882636 U CN 218882636U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- working
- valve
- walking
- port
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Landscapes
- Check Valves (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model discloses a straight line walking valve and excavator relates to excavator technical field. The linear traveling valve comprises a valve body, a working valve core and a one-way valve, the valve body is provided with a first oil inlet, a second oil inlet, a first working oil port and a second working oil port, the first oil inlet is used for being connected with an oil outlet of the traveling pump, and the second oil inlet is used for being connected with an oil outlet of the working pump. The working valve core is movably arranged in the valve body so as to enable the linear walking valve to be switched between a first working state and a second working state. The check valve is arranged outside the working valve core. When the linear traveling valve is in a first working state, the first oil inlet is communicated with the first working oil port, and the first working oil port is used for supplying oil to the traveling device; the second oil inlet is communicated with a second working oil port, and the second working oil port is used for supplying oil to the working device. When the straight line walking valve is in the second operating condition, the second oil inlet can also supply oil for the walking device through the check valve, and the function of priority of straight line walking is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an excavator technical field especially relates to a straight line walking valve and excavator.
Background
The hydraulic excavator is widely applied to engineering construction such as hydraulic engineering, transportation, electric power engineering, mine excavation and the like, and the working environment is relatively severe.
At present, the mainstream systems of medium-tonnage excavators in the market are throttling systems, namely a negative flow system and a positive flow system of kawasaki, and most of the throttling systems are double-pump double-loop hydraulic systems adopting double pumps for supplying oil. The linear walking control system is realized by switching a working loop of a linear walking priority valve arranged in the multi-way valve. In a double-pump system of an excavator hydraulic system, when the excavator is sunk into a pit or under other special working conditions, the excavator is required to operate a working device while walking, and self-rescue or other functions of the excavator can be realized. At the moment, the linear traveling valve is in a linear traveling state, one main pump is specially used for the traveling device, and the other main pump is specially used for the working device. When the linear walking function is activated, when the pressure of getting on the vehicle is higher than the pressure of getting off the vehicle, the linear walking priority function needs to be realized, so that the linear walking priority function is in a linear walking priority state, and at the moment, a main pump for supplying hydraulic oil of a working device of the getting on the vehicle can enter the walking device of getting off the vehicle through a channel, so that the climbing of getting off the vehicle is more effective. To realize the straight traveling priority function, elements such as a check valve are required. In order to guarantee the function of the existing design, as shown in fig. 1, a linear walking valve is provided with a working valve core 2 ' in a valve body 1 ', the working valve core 2 ' is designed as a hollow valve core, and a one-way valve 3 ' is arranged in the working valve core 2 '. But the hollow valve core has higher manufacturing difficulty and higher cost, and the wall thickness of the hollow valve core is smaller due to the limitation of space, so that the fracture risk exists.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An object of the utility model is to provide a straight line walking valve and excavator, this straight line walking valve's simple structure, easily manufacturing has reduced the fracture risk of work case moreover, has improved the security performance of the excavator of using this straight line walking valve.
To achieve the purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical proposal:
straight line walking valve includes:
the valve body is provided with a first oil inlet, a second oil inlet, a first working oil port and a second working oil port, the first oil inlet is used for connecting an oil outlet of the walking pump, and the second oil inlet is used for connecting an oil outlet of the working pump;
the linear traveling valve comprises a working valve core and a one-way valve, wherein the working valve core is movably arranged in the valve body so as to enable the linear traveling valve to be switched between a first working state and a second working state, and the one-way valve is arranged outside the working valve core;
when the linear traveling valve is in the first working state, the first oil inlet is communicated with the first working oil port, and the first working oil port is used for supplying oil to a traveling device; the second oil inlet is communicated with the second working oil port, and the second working oil port is used for supplying oil to a working device; when the linear traveling valve is in the second working state, the second oil inlet can also supply oil to the traveling device through the one-way valve.
As an alternative of the straight-line walking valve, an oil drainage port is further formed in the valve body, and the second oil inlet can be communicated with the oil drainage port.
As an alternative of the linear traveling valve, a first oil duct and a second oil duct are arranged in the valve body, the second oil inlet is communicated with the second working oil port through the first oil duct, and the second oil inlet is communicated with the oil drainage port through the second oil duct.
As an alternative of the straight-line walking valve, a third oil duct is further arranged in the valve body, a fourth oil duct is arranged between the working valve core and the valve body, when the straight-line walking valve is in the second working state, the first oil duct can be communicated with the third oil duct through the fourth oil duct, and the third oil duct is connected with the one-way valve.
As an alternative to the straight travel valve, the one-way valve is disposed within the valve body.
As an alternative of the straight-line walking valve, the straight-line walking valve further comprises a first screw plug, and the first screw plug is arranged at one end, far away from the third oil channel, of the one-way valve.
As an alternative of the linear traveling valve, a fifth oil passage is further arranged in the valve body and is used for connecting the first working oil port and the traveling device.
As an alternative of the straight-line walking valve, the one-way valve is also provided with a throttling hole.
As an alternative of the linear traveling valve, an oil return port is further arranged on the valve body and comprises a first oil return port and a second oil return port, the first oil return port can be communicated with the first working oil port, the second oil return port can be communicated with the second working oil port, and the oil return port is communicated with an oil tank.
The excavator comprises a walking pump, a working pump, a walking device, a working device and the linear walking valve in any scheme, wherein the walking pump supplies oil to the walking device through the linear walking valve, and the working pump supplies oil to the working device through the linear walking valve; or the working pump supplies oil to the working device and the walking device simultaneously through the linear walking valve.
The utility model has the advantages that:
the utility model provides a straight line walking valve, including valve body, working valve core and check valve, the working valve core is movably to be set up in the valve body to make straight line walking valve switch between first operating condition and second operating condition, can realize the priority function of straight line walking. The one-way valve is arranged outside the working valve core, so that the problems that the working valve core of the linear traveling valve in the prior art is complex in structure and high in cost are solved; and the working valve core is arranged as a hollow valve core to cause fracture risk. When the straight line walking valve is in a first working state, the first oil inlet supplies oil to the walking device through the first working oil port, the second oil inlet supplies oil to the working device through the second working oil port, namely, the walking pump supplies oil to the walking device specially, and the working pump supplies oil to the working device specially. When the linear traveling valve is in the second working state, the second oil inlet can supply oil to the traveling device through the one-way valve, so that the traveling pump and the working pump jointly supply oil to the traveling device, and the linear traveling priority function is realized. The utility model provides a straight line walking valve sets up the check valve outside the case to realize the priority function of straight line walking, not only simple structure easily makes, the cost is reduced. And the working valve core does not need to be set into a hollow valve core for accommodating the one-way valve, so that the fracture risk is reduced, and the safety is higher.
The utility model provides an excavator, including walking pump, working pump, equipment, running gear and foretell sharp walking valve, when the excavator is absorbed in the hole or when other special operating mode, the walking pump is the running gear fuel feeding through sharp walking valve, and the working pump passes through sharp walking valve and is the equipment fuel feeding for the excavator can be walked limit operation equipment, realizes sharp walking function. When the sharp walking function activated, when getting on the bus pressure is higher than the pressure of getting off the bus, need realize sharp walking priority function, make it be in sharp walking priority state, switch over sharp walking valve to second operating condition from first operating condition this moment, the working pump can also be for the running gear oil supply through the working valve core for running gear oil supply is simultaneously for running gear oil supply to running pump and working pump, and the excavator climbing is more effective. The excavator not only can realize the linear walking priority function, but also is low in cost and high in safety performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art straight travel valve;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a linear traveling valve according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
1', a valve body; 2' and a working valve core; 3', a one-way valve;
1. a valve body; 2. a working valve core; 3. a one-way valve; 4. a first plug screw; 5. a limiting rod; 6. a limiting sleeve; 7. a pressure oil chamber; 8. a second plug screw;
11. a first oil inlet; 12. a second oil inlet; 13. a first working oil port; 14. a second working oil port; 15. an oil drainage port; 16. a first oil passage; 17. a second oil passage; 18. a third oil passage; 19. a fifth oil passage;
21. a fourth oil passage; 22. a first oil return port; 23. a second oil return port;
31. an orifice; 32. a check valve spring;
91. an outer spring; 92. an inner spring;
101. a first spring seat; 102. a second spring seat.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problem solved by the present invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention and the technical effect achieved by the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be further explained by combining the drawings and by means of the specific implementation manner.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "connected", "connected" and "fixed" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as being fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrated; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be connected through the use of two elements or the interaction of two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In the present disclosure, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may comprise direct contact between the first and second features, or may comprise contact between the first and second features not directly. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the description of the present embodiment, the terms "upper", "lower", "right", and the like are used in the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings only for convenience of description and simplicity of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for descriptive purposes and are not intended to have a special meaning.
As shown in fig. 2, the present embodiment provides a straight-line walking valve, which includes a valve body 1, a working valve core 2, and a check valve 3, where the valve body 1 is provided with a first oil inlet 11, a second oil inlet 12, a first working oil port 13, and a second working oil port 14, the first oil inlet 11 is used to connect an oil outlet of a walking pump, and the second oil inlet 12 is used to connect an oil outlet of a working pump. The working valve core 2 is movably arranged in the valve body 1, so that the linear walking valve is switched between a first working state and a second working state, and the linear walking priority function can be realized. The check valve 3 is arranged outside the working valve core 2, so that the problems that the working valve core 2 of the linear traveling valve in the prior art is complex in structure and high in cost are solved; and the working valve core 2 is arranged as a hollow valve core to cause the risk of fracture. When the linear traveling valve is in a first working state, the first oil inlet 11 is communicated with the first working oil port 13, and the first working oil port 13 is used for supplying oil to the traveling device; the second oil inlet 12 is communicated with a second working oil port 14, and the second working oil port 14 is used for supplying oil to a working device; namely, the walking pump is specially used for supplying oil for the walking device, and the working pump is specially used for supplying oil for the working device. When the linear traveling valve is in the second working state, the second oil inlet 12 can supply oil to the traveling device through the check valve 3, so that the traveling pump and the working pump jointly supply oil to the traveling device, and the linear traveling priority function is realized.
The straight line walking valve that this embodiment provided sets up check valve 3 outside working valve core 2 to realize the priority function of straight line walking, simple structure not only easily makes, the cost is reduced. And work case 2 need not to set up to hollow case for holding check valve 3, has reduced the fracture risk, and the security is higher.
One end of the working valve core 2 is a free end, the other end of the working valve core is communicated with a pressure oil cavity 7 of pilot oil, the diameter of the cavity of the pressure oil cavity 7 is larger than that of the cavity where the working valve core 2 is located, and one end, far away from the working valve core 2, of the pressure oil cavity 7 is blocked through a second plug screw 8. The pilot oil enters the pressure oil cavity 7 to drive the working valve core 2 to move towards the direction close to the free end, so that the linear traveling valve can be switched from a first working state to a second working state, and the linear traveling priority function is realized.
One end of the working valve core 2 close to the pressure oil cavity 7 is further provided with a limiting rod 5, a limiting sleeve 6, a first spring seat 101, a second spring seat 102, an inner spring 92 and an outer spring 91, the limiting rod 5 sequentially penetrates through a center hole of the first spring seat 101 and a center hole of the second spring seat 102 to be connected with the working valve core 2, and a limiting head of the limiting rod 5 limits the first spring seat 101 to move in a single direction. The outer edge of the second spring seat 102 is fixed to a step surface between the cavity in which the work spool 2 is located and the pressure oil chamber 7, and the stopper rod 5 can move relative to the second spring seat 102. The stop collar 6 is sleeved on the periphery of the stop rod 5 and is located between the first spring seat 101 and the second spring seat 102, the inner spring 92 is sleeved on the periphery of the stop collar 6, and two ends of the inner spring 92 are respectively abutted to the base of the first spring seat 101 and the base of the second spring seat 102. The outer spring 91 is disposed between the first spring seat 101 and the second spring seat 102, and both ends of the outer spring 91 are respectively abutted against the outer edge of the first spring seat 101 and the outer edge of the second spring seat 102.
The straight line walking valve is switched to the second working state from the first working state, when the straight line walking priority function is realized, the oil liquid of the pressure oil chamber 7 drives the limiting rod 5 to drive the working valve core 2 to move towards the direction close to the free end, meanwhile, the first spring seat 101 moves towards the direction close to the second spring seat 102, the outer spring 91 and the inner spring 92 are compressed until the base of the first spring seat 101 is abutted to the limiting sleeve 6, and the working valve core 2 stops moving.
When the linear traveling priority function is not required, the oil supply is stopped in the pressure oil chamber 7, and the stopper rod 5 drives the work spool 2 to move in the direction away from the free end under the combined action of the elastic restoring force of the outer spring 91 and the elastic restoring force of the inner spring 92 until the outer edge of the first spring seat 101 abuts against the chamber wall of the pressure oil chamber 7.
As an alternative of the straight-line walking valve, an oil drainage port 15 is further formed in the valve body 1, and the second oil inlet 12 can be communicated with the oil drainage port 15. Through setting up draining port 15, realize the overflow of working pump to satisfy the required pressure of equipment, play the effect of protection working pump simultaneously.
In order to realize the communication between the second oil inlet 12 and the second working oil port 14 and the oil drain port 15, a first oil duct 16 and a second oil duct 17 are arranged in the valve body 1, the second oil inlet 12 is communicated with the second working oil port 14 through the first oil duct 16, and the second oil inlet 12 is communicated with the oil drain port 15 through the second oil duct 17.
The valve body 1 is also internally provided with a third oil duct 18, a fourth oil duct 21 is arranged between the working valve core 2 and the valve body 1, when the linear walking valve is in a second working state, the first oil duct 16 can be communicated with the third oil duct 18 through the fourth oil duct 21, and the third oil duct 18 is connected with the one-way valve 3. When the linear walking priority function needs to be realized, the working valve core 2 moves to communicate the fourth oil duct 21 with the third oil duct 18, so that oil provided by the working pump enters the check valve 3 through the second oil inlet 12, the first oil duct 16, the fourth oil duct 21 and the third oil duct 18, and the oil passing through the check valve 3 enters the walking device.
In the present embodiment, the check valve 3 is provided inside the valve body 1. The straight-line walking valve further comprises a first screw plug 4, and the first screw plug 4 is arranged at one end, far away from the third oil duct 18, of the one-way valve 3. Through the cavity at 3 places of first plug screw 4 shutoff check valve, check valve 3 still includes check valve spring 32 and spring chamber, and the spring chamber sets up in the one end that fourth oil duct 21 was kept away from to check valve 3, check valve spring 32 one end and spring chamber butt, the other end and the 4 butts of first plug screw.
A fifth oil duct 19 is further arranged in the valve body 1, and the fifth oil duct 19 is used for connecting the first working oil port 13 and the traveling device. The oil provided by the walking pump enters the first working oil port 13 through the first oil inlet 11, and enters the walking motor of the walking device through the fifth oil duct 19.
In order to control the oil liquid of the working pump entering the traveling device through the one-way valve 3 and avoid the situation that the pressure of the oil liquid entering the working device is too small to meet the pressure requirement of the working device, the one-way valve 3 is further provided with a throttling hole 31. Enters the traveling motor of the traveling device through the throttle hole 31 of the check valve 3 to play a role of throttling.
The valve body 1 is further provided with an oil return port, the oil return port comprises a first oil return port 22 and a second oil return port 23, the first oil return port 22 can be communicated with the first working oil port 13 and used for oil return of the traveling device, the second oil return port 23 can be communicated with the second working oil port 14 and used for oil return of the working device, the oil return port is communicated with the oil tank, and the oil return of the traveling device and the working device flows back to the oil tank.
The embodiment also provides an excavator, which comprises a walking pump, a working pump, a walking device, a working device and the linear walking valve, wherein the walking pump supplies oil to the walking device through the linear walking valve, and the working pump supplies oil to the working device through the linear walking valve. Or the working pump supplies oil to the working device and the traveling device simultaneously through the linear traveling valve.
When the excavator is sunk into a pit or under other special working conditions, the traveling pump supplies oil to the traveling device through the linear traveling valve, and the working pump supplies oil to the working device through the linear traveling valve, so that the excavator can operate the working device while traveling, and the linear traveling function is realized. When the sharp walking function activated, when getting on the bus pressure is higher than the pressure of getting off the bus, need realize sharp walking priority function, make it be in sharp walking priority state, switch over sharp walking valve to second operating condition from first operating condition this moment, the working pump can also be the running gear oil supply through working valve core 2 for running gear oil supply is simultaneously for running gear oil supply to running pump and working pump, and the excavator climbing is more effective. The excavator not only can realize the linear walking priority function, but also is low in cost and high in safety performance.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, there are variations on the detailed description and the application scope according to the idea of the present invention, and the content of the description should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. Straight line walking valve, its characterized in that includes:
the valve body (1) is provided with a first oil inlet (11), a second oil inlet (12), a first working oil port (13) and a second working oil port (14), the first oil inlet (11) is used for connecting an oil outlet of a walking pump, and the second oil inlet (12) is used for connecting an oil outlet of the working pump;
the linear walking valve comprises a working valve core (2) and a one-way valve (3), wherein the working valve core (2) is movably arranged in the valve body (1) so as to switch the linear walking valve between a first working state and a second working state, and the one-way valve (3) is arranged outside the working valve core (2);
when the linear traveling valve is in the first working state, the first oil inlet (11) is communicated with the first working oil port (13), and the first working oil port (13) is used for supplying oil to the traveling device; the second oil inlet (12) is communicated with the second working oil port (14), and the second working oil port (14) is used for supplying oil to a working device; when the linear traveling valve is in the second working state, the second oil inlet (12) can also supply oil to the traveling device through the one-way valve (3).
2. The straight-line walking valve according to claim 1, characterized in that an oil drain port (15) is further formed in the valve body (1), and the second oil inlet (12) can be communicated with the oil drain port (15).
3. The straight walking valve according to claim 2, wherein a first oil channel (16) and a second oil channel (17) are arranged in the valve body (1), the second oil inlet (12) is communicated with the second working oil port (14) through the first oil channel (16), and the second oil inlet (12) is communicated with the oil drainage port (15) through the second oil channel (17).
4. The straight line walking valve according to claim 3, characterized in that a third oil channel (18) is further arranged in the valve body (1), a fourth oil channel (21) is arranged between the working valve core (2) and the valve body (1), when the straight line walking valve is in the second working state, the first oil channel (16) can be communicated with the third oil channel (18) through the fourth oil channel (21), and the third oil channel (18) is connected with the check valve (3).
5. Straight walking valve according to claim 4, characterized in that said one-way valve (3) is arranged inside said valve body (1).
6. The straight traveling valve according to claim 5, further comprising a first plug screw (4), wherein the first plug screw (4) is provided at an end of the check valve (3) away from the third oil passage (18).
7. The straight walking valve according to claim 1, characterized in that a fifth oil channel (19) is further arranged in the valve body (1), and the fifth oil channel (19) is used for connecting the first working oil port (13) and the walking device.
8. The straight running valve according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein an orifice (31) is further provided in the check valve (3).
9. The straight traveling valve according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the valve body (1) is further provided with an oil return port, the oil return port comprises a first oil return port (22) and a second oil return port (23), the first oil return port (22) can be communicated with the first working oil port (13), the second oil return port (23) can be communicated with the second working oil port (14), and the oil return port is communicated with an oil tank.
10. An excavator, comprising a traveling pump, a working pump, a traveling device, a working device and the linear traveling valve according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the traveling pump supplies oil to the traveling device through the linear traveling valve, and the working pump supplies oil to the working device through the linear traveling valve; or the working pump supplies oil to the working device and the walking device simultaneously through the linear walking valve.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202223086976.4U CN218882636U (en) | 2022-11-17 | 2022-11-17 | Straight line walking valve and excavator |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202223086976.4U CN218882636U (en) | 2022-11-17 | 2022-11-17 | Straight line walking valve and excavator |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN218882636U true CN218882636U (en) | 2023-04-18 |
Family
ID=85944949
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202223086976.4U Active CN218882636U (en) | 2022-11-17 | 2022-11-17 | Straight line walking valve and excavator |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN218882636U (en) |
-
2022
- 2022-11-17 CN CN202223086976.4U patent/CN218882636U/en active Active
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103089738B (en) | Straight line walking valve and controlling system achieving excavator straight line walking | |
| CN104149849A (en) | Hydraulic steering brake system and hydraulic control steering brake valve | |
| CN103085865A (en) | Load sensitive turning hydraulic system of loading machine | |
| CN102644632A (en) | Electro-hydraulic multiple-way directional valve | |
| CN105570221A (en) | Main control valve bank of steering engine | |
| CN202251173U (en) | Non-differential floating double-cylinder assembly | |
| CN218882636U (en) | Straight line walking valve and excavator | |
| CN203176035U (en) | Straight-line walking valve and control system achieving straight-line walking of excavator | |
| CN202689076U (en) | Pilot oil source control valve bank of hydraulic excavator | |
| CN203348074U (en) | Double gear pump unit | |
| CN103671319B (en) | A kind of current limliting distributes safety valve | |
| CN104728203A (en) | Electro-hydraulic control reversing valve with internal pressure relief function | |
| CN104747523A (en) | Releasing speed restriction hydraulic control valve | |
| CN205244000U (en) | Steering wheel master control valves | |
| CN216948515U (en) | Hydraulic system and excavator | |
| CN212803798U (en) | Distribution valve of swing oil cylinder | |
| CN203213184U (en) | Pilot valve group capable of releasing pressure and provided with energy accumulator | |
| CN204805000U (en) | Fuel pump and fuel pump assembly | |
| CN209586813U (en) | A kind of bull-dozer leading hydraulic system | |
| CN205298119U (en) | Multi -functional integrated valves of steering wheel | |
| CN201447729U (en) | Control device for improving walking operation stability of excavator | |
| CN211078381U (en) | Oil inlet valve group structure in forklift double-pump hydraulic system | |
| CN209412883U (en) | A kind of excavator dipper core assembly with regeneration cutting function | |
| CN102733445B (en) | Pilot oil source valve group for small-size hydraulic excavator | |
| WO2021056306A1 (en) | Pre-pressing valve and hydraulic reversing valve |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |