CN218771293U - Input protection circuit, control device and car - Google Patents
Input protection circuit, control device and car Download PDFInfo
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- CN218771293U CN218771293U CN202222901257.7U CN202222901257U CN218771293U CN 218771293 U CN218771293 U CN 218771293U CN 202222901257 U CN202222901257 U CN 202222901257U CN 218771293 U CN218771293 U CN 218771293U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses an input protection circuit, controlling means and car, wherein, input protection circuit includes first voltage input end, is connected with the positive power supply end of load for export the first power supply voltage who inserts to the positive power supply end of load; the second voltage input end is connected with the negative power supply end of the load and used for outputting the accessed second power supply voltage to the negative power supply end of the load; the unidirectional overcurrent protection circuit comprises a unidirectional conduction circuit and a resistance circuit which are connected in series, wherein the resistance circuit is provided with a thermistor, and the unidirectional overcurrent protection circuit is connected between the first voltage input end or the second voltage input end and a power supply end of a load; when the first supply voltage is not greater than the second supply voltage, the unidirectional overcurrent protection circuit prevents the second supply voltage from being output to the negative power supply terminal of the load. The utility model discloses technical scheme can improve the life of relevant devices such as rear end load and front end power.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a power electronic technology field, in particular to input protection circuit, controlling means and car.
Background
At present, a power supply end of a load is usually connected with a voltage stabilizing capacitor to stabilize a power supply voltage of the load. However, the voltage stabilizing capacitor can cause peak surge current generated at the moment of power-on, so that the load at the rear end is damaged, the service life of the load is further influenced, the power supply end of the load has the risk of reverse connection of the power supply, and the service life of the load is also influenced once the power supply is reversely connected.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims at providing an input protection circuit aims at solving the load and receives peak surge current and the power reversal to be influenced, and the lower problem of life.
In order to achieve the above object, the utility model provides an input protection circuit for be connected with the power end of load, the power end includes that positive power source end and negative power source end are connected, be connected with voltage-stabilizing capacitor between the positive power source end of load and the negative power source end, input protection circuit includes:
the first voltage input end is connected with the positive power supply end of the load and used for outputting the accessed first power supply voltage to the positive power supply end of the load;
the second voltage input end is connected with the negative power supply end of the load and used for outputting the accessed second power supply voltage to the negative power supply end of the load;
the unidirectional overcurrent protection circuit comprises a unidirectional conduction circuit and a resistor circuit which are connected in series, the resistor circuit is provided with a thermistor, and the unidirectional overcurrent protection circuit is connected between the first voltage input end or the second voltage input end and the power supply end of the load;
when the first power supply voltage is not greater than the second power supply voltage, the unidirectional overcurrent protection circuit prevents the second power supply voltage from being output to a negative power supply terminal of the load.
Optionally, the input protection circuit further comprises:
the signal input end is used for accessing a charging completion signal which is output by the load after the voltage stabilizing capacitor is determined to be charged;
the working current control circuit is connected with the unidirectional overcurrent protection circuit in parallel, and the controlled end of the working current control circuit is connected with the signal input end;
and the working current control circuit is used for short-circuiting the one-way overcurrent protection circuit after receiving the charging completion signal.
Optionally, the unidirectional overcurrent protection circuit is connected between the first voltage input terminal and a positive power supply terminal of the load;
the input protection circuit includes:
the switching circuit is connected with the unidirectional overcurrent protection circuit in parallel, and the controlled end of the switching circuit is connected with the output end;
the controlled end of the switch driving circuit is connected with the signal input end, the input end of the switch driving circuit is connected with the controlled end of the switch circuit, and the output end of the switch driving circuit is connected to the ground.
Optionally, the switch circuit is a patch P-MOS transistor.
Optionally, the operating current control circuit further includes:
and the clamping circuit is connected between the controlled end and the output end of the switching circuit.
Optionally, the clamping circuit comprises: a first resistor and a first zener diode;
the first voltage stabilizing diode is connected between the controlled end and the output end of the switch circuit after being connected with the first resistor in parallel.
Optionally, the switch driving circuit includes: a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor and a first switching device;
the controlled end of the first switch device is connected with the signal input end through the fourth resistor, the controlled end of the first switch device is further connected to the ground through the third resistor, the input end of the first switch device is connected with the controlled end of the switch circuit through the second resistor, and the output end of the first switch device is connected to the ground.
Optionally, the switch circuit, the unidirectional conducting circuit and the resistance circuit are integrated in a semiconductor integrated circuit.
The utility model discloses still provide a controlling means, controlling means includes:
the power supply end of the main controller is connected with a voltage stabilizing capacitor; and the number of the first and second groups,
the input protection circuit is connected with the power supply end of the main controller.
The utility model also provides an automobile, which comprises the input protection circuit;
alternatively, the control device as described above is included.
The utility model discloses technical scheme concatenates through adopting one-way conduction circuit and resistance circuit to form one-way overcurrent protection circuit, and resistance circuit has thermistor, and through connecting one-way overcurrent protection circuit between the power end of first voltage input or second voltage input and load, when peak surge current appears in power supply loop, thermistor can be because the electric current grow of flowing through and the resistance rises, thereby make peak surge current descend, and then influence and life is lower by peak surge current in order to avoid the load, and still can effectively avoid the load short circuit and the heavy current that leads to, be favorable to improving the life of relevant devices such as front end power. In addition, when the accessed first power supply voltage is not greater than the second power supply voltage, namely the first power supply voltage and the second power supply voltage are reversely connected, the flowing direction of the electrifying current is opposite to the flowing direction of the current supported by the unidirectional conducting circuit, so that the second power supply voltage is prevented from being output to the negative power supply end of the load by failing to form a power supply loop, and the service life of the load is further prevented from being influenced by the reverse connection of the power supply.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of an input protection circuit according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of another embodiment of the input protection circuit of the present invention.
The reference numbers illustrate:
the objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Furthermore, descriptions in the present application as to "first," "second," etc. are for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or to implicitly indicate the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, the technical solutions in the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it must be based on the realization of those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the combination of the technical solutions should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
The utility model provides an input protection circuit.
At present, a voltage stabilizing capacitor C is connected between a positive power supply terminal and a negative power supply terminal of a load to maintain the stability of the power supply voltage accessed by the load. However, at the moment of electrifying the load, because the voltage stabilizing capacitor C needs to be charged, a peak surge current can be generated, and the peak surge current not only can influence the service life of the components, but also can cause potential safety hazards.
In view of the above problem, referring to fig. 1 to 2, in an embodiment, the input protection circuit includes:
the input protection circuit includes:
a first voltage input terminal VIN + is connected to the positive power terminal of the load, and is configured to output an accessed first power supply voltage to the positive power terminal of the load;
a second voltage input terminal VIN-, connected with the negative power supply terminal of the load, and used for outputting the accessed second power supply voltage to the negative power supply terminal of the load;
the unidirectional overcurrent protection circuit 10 comprises a unidirectional conduction circuit 11 and a resistance circuit 12 which are connected in series, the resistance circuit 12 is provided with a thermistor PTC, and the unidirectional overcurrent protection circuit 10 is connected between the first voltage input end VIN + or the second voltage input end VIN-and a power supply end of the load;
when the first supply voltage is not greater than the second supply voltage, the unidirectional overcurrent protection circuit 10 prevents the second supply voltage from being output to the negative power supply terminal of the load.
In this embodiment, the first voltage input terminal VIN + and the second voltage input terminal VIN-may be connected to a positive power terminal and a negative power terminal of the load in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and a voltage difference between the first power supply voltage and the second power supply voltage is a power supply voltage to which the load is connected, that is, a charging voltage of the voltage stabilizing capacitor C at a power-on moment of the load. It is to be understood that the first supply voltage is greater than the second supply voltage when the first supply voltage and the second supply voltage are not reversed.
The unidirectional conducting circuit 11 can be constructed and realized by adopting unidirectional conducting devices such as a diode D1 and the like; the resistor circuit 12 can be implemented by using an overcurrent protection device such as a thermistor PTC. The current flowing direction supported by the unidirectional conducting circuit 11 may be configured to correspond to the position of the unidirectional overcurrent protection circuit 10, specifically: when the unidirectional overcurrent protection circuit 10 is disposed between the first voltage input terminal VIN + and the positive power terminal of the load, the current flowing direction supported by the unidirectional conducting circuit 11 may be: the positive power supply end of the load is output from a first voltage input end VIN +; the current flowing direction of the unidirectional conducting circuit 11 can be: is output from the negative power terminal of the load to the second voltage input terminal VIN-. In the embodiment shown in fig. 2, the unidirectional conducting circuit 11 includes a diode D1, the current direction when the diode D1 is in forward conduction is the same as the current flowing direction supported by the unidirectional conducting circuit 11, and since the charging current of the voltage stabilizing capacitor C is limited by the thermistor PTC, the diode D1 with smaller rated rectifying current parameter and smaller package can be selected.
Thus, when the first voltage input terminal VIN + and the second voltage input terminal VIN-are respectively connected to the first power supply voltage and the second power supply voltage to power up the load, the power-up current may sequentially pass through the first voltage input terminal VIN +, the unidirectional overcurrent protection circuit 10, the load and the second voltage input terminal VIN-, or sequentially pass through the first voltage input terminal VIN +, the load, the unidirectional overcurrent protection circuit 10 and the second voltage input terminal VIN-to form a power supply loop. When the peak surge current appears in the power supply loop, the resistance value of the thermistor PTC can be increased due to the fact that the current flowing through the thermistor PTC is increased, so that the peak surge current is reduced, the load is prevented from being influenced by the peak surge current, the service life of the load is shortened, large current caused by short circuit of the load can be effectively avoided, and the service life of related devices such as a front-end power supply is prolonged. In addition, when the first power supply voltage is not greater than the second power supply voltage, that is, the first power supply voltage and the second power supply voltage are reversely connected, the flowing direction of the power-on current is opposite to the flowing direction of the current supported by the unidirectional circuit 11, so that the second power supply voltage is prevented from being output to the negative power supply end of the load by failing to form a power supply loop, and the service life of the load is further prevented from being influenced by the reverse connection of the power supply.
Referring to fig. 1 to 2, in an embodiment, the input protection circuit further includes:
the signal input end MOS-ON is used for accessing a charging completion signal which is output by the load after the voltage stabilizing capacitor C is determined to be charged;
the working current control circuit 20 is connected with the unidirectional overcurrent protection circuit 10 in parallel, and the controlled end of the working current control circuit is connected with the signal input end MOS-ON;
the working current control circuit 20 is configured to short-circuit the unidirectional overcurrent protection circuit 10 upon receiving the charging completion signal.
The load can detect the terminal voltage of the voltage stabilizing capacitor C, and can determine that the charging of the voltage stabilizing capacitor C is completed when the terminal voltage of the voltage stabilizing capacitor C is determined to reach the preset reference voltage, and output a charging completion signal to the controlled terminal of the working current control circuit 20; when it is determined that the terminal voltage of the voltage stabilizing capacitor C does not reach the preset reference voltage, it is determined that the charging of the voltage stabilizing capacitor C is not completed, and a charging-unfinished signal is output to the controlled terminal of the operating current control circuit 20.
The working current control circuit 20 can be implemented by using a switching device; the switching device may be one or a combination of a triode, a MOS transistor, a thyristor, and an optocoupler, which is not limited herein. The working current control circuit 20 can control the corresponding switching devices to be correspondingly switched on or switched off when receiving the charging completion signal, and each switching device which is switched on is enabled to short-circuit two ends of the unidirectional overcurrent protection circuit 10, so that the power supply current is output to the load through the working current control circuit 20 to supply power for the normal work of the load; when a signal indicating that charging is not completed is received, the corresponding switching devices are controlled to be correspondingly switched on or switched off, and the switched-off switching devices are enabled to disconnect short circuits at two ends of the unidirectional overcurrent protection circuit 10, so that power supply current is enabled to continuously supply power to a load through the unidirectional overcurrent protection circuit 10 and charge the voltage stabilizing capacitor C. One of the charge complete signal and the charge incomplete signal may be a high level signal, and the other may be a low level signal. By such arrangement, after the voltage stabilizing capacitor C is charged, the working current control circuit 20 is switched to provide the supply current for the load, and the on-resistance of the switching device is small, so that the requirement of large supply current during the normal operation of the load can be met.
Optionally, the unidirectional overcurrent protection circuit 10 is connected between the first voltage input terminal VIN + and a positive power terminal of the load;
the input protection circuit includes:
the switch circuit 21 is connected with the unidirectional overcurrent protection circuit 10 in parallel, and the controlled end of the switch circuit 21 is connected with the output end;
and a switch driving circuit 22, wherein a controlled end of the switch driving circuit 22 is MOS-ON with the signal input end, an input end of the switch driving circuit 22 is connected with a controlled end of the switch circuit 21, and an output end of the switch driving circuit 22 is connected to ground.
In this embodiment, the input end and the output end of the switch circuit 21 may be connected to two ends of the unidirectional overcurrent protection circuit 10 in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and may be turned on when the level value of the controlled end is pulled down to a low level, and may short-circuit two ends of the unidirectional overcurrent protection circuit 10 when turned on. Thus, when the charging of the voltage stabilizing capacitor C is not completed, the switch driving circuit 22 can be turned off under the effect of the charging-unfinished signal, so that the level value of the controlled end of the switch circuit 21 and the level value of the output end thereof are both high levels, thereby turning off the switch circuit 21 and stopping short-circuiting the two ends of the unidirectional overcurrent protection circuit 10; when the charging of the voltage stabilizing capacitor C is completed, the switch driving circuit 22 may be turned on by the charging completion signal to pull down the level value of the controlled terminal of the switching circuit 21 to the ground level, i.e., the low level, so as to turn on the switching circuit 21 and short-circuit the two terminals of the unidirectional overcurrent protection circuit 10.
Optionally, the switch circuit 21 may be implemented by using a P-MOS transistor Q1, a gate, a drain, and a source of the P-MOS transistor Q1 may be a controlled terminal, an input terminal, and an output terminal of the switch circuit 21, respectively, and the P-MOS transistor Q1 may be a patch-type P-MOS transistor Q1, so as to reduce a PCB area occupied by the switch circuit 21. Of course, the PTC thermistor can be packaged by a chip so as to reduce the area of the PCB occupied by the input protection circuit
Optionally, the operating current control circuit 20 further includes:
and the clamping circuit 23 is connected between the controlled end and the output end of the switching circuit 21, so that the level value of the controlled end of the switching circuit 21 is clamped to a preset level value, and the overvoltage damage of the P-MOS transistor Q1 is prevented.
Alternatively, the clamp circuit 23 includes: a first resistor R1 and a first zener diode ZD1;
the first zener diode ZD1 is connected in parallel with the first resistor R1 and then connected between the controlled terminal and the output terminal of the switching circuit 21; the cathode of the first zener diode ZD1 is connected to the output terminal of the switch circuit 21, and the anode is connected to the input terminal of the switch driving circuit 22, so as to ensure that the VGS voltage of the P-MOS transistor Q1 can be clamped in a preset voltage range, thereby ensuring that the P-MOS transistor Q1 is not damaged by overvoltage. The predetermined voltage interval may be set according to actual requirements, and will not be described herein, for example, when the rear-end load is an on-board controller, the predetermined voltage interval may be 18 ± 5% v.
Alternatively, the switch drive circuit 22 includes: a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4 and a first switching device Q2;
the controlled end of the first switch device Q2 is connected to the signal input end MOS-ON via the fourth resistor R4, the controlled end of the first switch device Q2 is further connected to ground via the third resistor R3, the input end of the first switch device Q2 is connected to the controlled end of the switch circuit 21 via the second resistor R2, and the output end of the first switch device Q2 is connected to ground.
In this embodiment, the first switching device Q2 may be an NPN type transistor, that is, the charge completion signal may be a high level signal, and the charge incompletion signal may be a low level signal. The second resistor R2 and the fourth resistor R4 are both current-limiting resistors and are used for preventing the first switching device Q2 from being damaged by overlarge current; the third resistor R3 is a pull-down resistor to pull down the level value of the controlled terminal of the first switching device Q2 to ground level when receiving the charging unfinished signal, thereby controlling the first switching device Q2 to turn off.
Optionally, the switch circuit, the unidirectional conducting circuit, and the resistor circuit are integrated in a semiconductor integrated circuit, that is, the diode D1, the P-MOS transistor Q1, and the thermistor PTC may be integrated in the same semiconductor integrated circuit, so as to further reduce the PCB area occupied by the input protection circuit.
The utility model also provides a controlling means, this controlling means include main control unit and input protection circuit, and the concrete structure of this input protection circuit refers to above-mentioned embodiment, because this controlling means has adopted the whole technical scheme of above-mentioned all embodiments, consequently has all beneficial effects that the technical scheme of above-mentioned embodiment brought at least, and the repeated description is no longer given here. The input protection circuit is connected with a power supply end of the main controller. It can be understood that the main controller is the load, and the main controller can be a microprocessor such as an MCU, a DSP, or an FPGA; or, the system can also be a special main control chip; alternatively, the present invention may also be a dedicated onboard controller such as VCU or ECU, which is not limited herein.
The utility model discloses still provide a car, this car is including input protection circuit or main control unit, and this input protection circuit or main control unit's concrete structure refers to above-mentioned embodiment, because this car has adopted the whole technical scheme of above-mentioned all embodiments, consequently has all beneficial effects that the technical scheme of above-mentioned embodiment brought at least, and the repeated description is no longer given here.
The above is only the optional embodiment of the present invention, and not the scope of the present invention is limited thereby, all the equivalent structure changes made by the contents of the specification and the drawings are utilized under the inventive concept of the present invention, or the direct/indirect application in other related technical fields is included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An input protection circuit, is used for connecting with the power end of the load, the said power end includes positive power end and negative power end connection, connect with the voltage-stabilizing capacitance between negative power end and the positive power end of the said load, characterized by that, the said input protection circuit includes:
the first voltage input end is connected with the positive power supply end of the load and used for outputting the accessed first power supply voltage to the positive power supply end of the load;
the second voltage input end is connected with the negative power supply end of the load and used for outputting the accessed second power supply voltage to the negative power supply end of the load;
the unidirectional overcurrent protection circuit comprises a unidirectional conduction circuit and a resistor circuit which are connected in series, the resistor circuit is provided with a thermistor, and the unidirectional overcurrent protection circuit is connected between the first voltage input end or the second voltage input end and the power supply end of the load;
when the first supply voltage is not greater than the second supply voltage, the unidirectional overcurrent protection circuit prevents the second supply voltage from being output to a negative power supply terminal of the load.
2. The input protection circuit of claim 1, wherein the input protection circuit further comprises:
the signal input end is used for accessing a charging completion signal which is output by the load after the voltage stabilizing capacitor is determined to be charged;
the working current control circuit is connected with the unidirectional overcurrent protection circuit in parallel, and the controlled end of the working current control circuit is connected with the signal input end;
and the working current control circuit is used for short-circuiting the one-way overcurrent protection circuit after receiving the charging completion signal.
3. The input protection circuit of claim 2, wherein the unidirectional over-current protection circuit is connected between the first voltage input terminal and a positive power supply terminal of the load;
the input protection circuit includes:
the switching circuit is connected with the unidirectional overcurrent protection circuit in parallel, and the controlled end of the switching circuit is connected with the output end;
the controlled end of the switch driving circuit is connected with the signal input end, the input end of the switch driving circuit is connected with the controlled end of the switch circuit, and the output end of the switch driving circuit is connected to the ground.
4. The input protection circuit of claim 3, wherein the switching circuit is a patch P-MOS transistor.
5. The input protection circuit of claim 3, wherein the operating current control circuit further comprises:
and the clamping circuit is connected between the controlled end and the output end of the switching circuit.
6. The input protection circuit of claim 5, wherein the clamp circuit comprises: a first resistor and a first zener diode;
the first voltage stabilizing diode is connected between the controlled end and the output end of the switch circuit after being connected with the first resistor in parallel.
7. The input protection circuit of claim 3, wherein the switch drive circuit comprises: a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor and a first switching device;
the controlled end of the first switch device is connected with the signal input end through the fourth resistor, the controlled end of the first switch device is also connected with the ground through the third resistor, the input end of the first switch device is connected with the controlled end of the switch circuit through the second resistor, and the output end of the first switch device is connected with the ground.
8. The input protection circuit of claim 7, wherein the switching circuit, the unidirectional conducting circuit, and the resistance circuit are integrated in a semiconductor integrated circuit.
9. A control device, characterized in that the control device comprises:
the power supply end of the main controller is connected with a voltage stabilizing capacitor; and the number of the first and second groups,
the input protection circuit of any one of claims 1-8, connected to a power terminal of the host controller.
10. An automobile, characterized in that the automobile comprises an input protection circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 8;
or, comprising a control device according to claim 9.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202222901257.7U CN218771293U (en) | 2022-10-28 | 2022-10-28 | Input protection circuit, control device and car |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202222901257.7U CN218771293U (en) | 2022-10-28 | 2022-10-28 | Input protection circuit, control device and car |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN218771293U true CN218771293U (en) | 2023-03-28 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202222901257.7U Active CN218771293U (en) | 2022-10-28 | 2022-10-28 | Input protection circuit, control device and car |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN218771293U (en) |
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- 2022-10-28 CN CN202222901257.7U patent/CN218771293U/en active Active
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