CN114709109A - Relay slow discharge driving circuit - Google Patents
Relay slow discharge driving circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN114709109A CN114709109A CN202210354765.XA CN202210354765A CN114709109A CN 114709109 A CN114709109 A CN 114709109A CN 202210354765 A CN202210354765 A CN 202210354765A CN 114709109 A CN114709109 A CN 114709109A
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- relay
- voltage
- control switch
- coil
- capacitor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
- H01H47/02—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
- H01H47/001—Functional circuits, e.g. logic, sequencing, interlocking circuits
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Abstract
The invention discloses a relay slow discharge driving circuit, which is used for driving a relay to work, and comprises: the power supply end is connected with the coil positive end of the relay through a diode; the first capacitor, the first control switch and the power supply end form a voltage-multiplying circuit, and the diode forms a discharging loop; the processor controls the second control switch to be conducted so that the negative end of the relay is low, the voltage doubling circuit can be quickly established to conduct the relay, the voltage of a relay coil is equal to the input voltage after the relay coil is in a stable state, and the technical problem of inductance saturation is solved while the loss of the coil is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electronic power, in particular to a voltage-multiplying driving circuit for slow discharge of a relay used in power conversion or energy storage equipment such as a photovoltaic inverter, an energy storage machine, an uninterruptible power supply and a power charging pile.
Background
Generally, the driving method of the relay includes three types, namely, constant voltage driving, PWM chopper power supply control and dual power supply control. In a constant voltage driving mode, such as 12V voltage driving, since current continuously flows through the relay coil in a steady state, the temperature of the relay coil is always high, which causes excessive loss to the relay coil. In the PWM chopping power supply control mode, a constant voltage mode is adopted to enable the relay to be switched on, after the relay is closed, the PWM voltage is used for controlling the coil, and the effective value of the voltage is reduced. Say two power control again, under this control mode, adopt high voltage power to open the relay, treat the relay actuation back, change into the low voltage again and keep the relay, like this, reduced the coil loss under the steady state has also been realized, the electromagnetic compatibility problem under the control of PWM chopper power has been avoided again simultaneously, however, because need two way control signal under the dual power control mode, under the scene that the relay is more in quantity, multichannel power control signal need occupy too much signal IO resource, on the other hand, under the dual power control mode, because need adopt different power, the system control complexity is high, control cost is big.
In order to solve the technical problems of the relay driving circuit, the prior art provides a booster circuit which adopts an energy storage inductor as energy storage equipment, stores energy by a voltage end energy storage circuit before the relay is switched on, and enables the energy storage inductor which stores energy and a power end to form the relay driving when the relay is switched on, thereby solving the instantaneous high-voltage requirement when the relay is driven; after the relay enters the stable state, along with the release of the electric energy on the energy storage inductor, the voltage on the inductor falls back gradually until the voltage at the two ends of the relay falls back to the voltage of the power supply end, namely, the low-voltage requirement of the relay under the stable state can be met. Therefore, the technical problems that when the existing relay drive circuit is adopted, the loss of a relay coil is large, and the electromagnetic compatibility problem cannot be solved are solved. However, long-term experiments and practices find that the driving circuit adopting the energy storage inductor after being improved has the problem of inductor saturation.
In another conventional improvement concept, a voltage-doubling driving method of capacitor discharge is adopted, however, the design cost of a multi-capacitor circuit is high, and the self properties of components are not fully utilized in a discharge loop.
In view of the above, the prior art should be modified to provide a new driving method for a relay, so as to solve the above technical problems of the existing and improved driving methods for relays.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the slow discharge driving circuit of the relay, which can quickly discharge the energy on the coil after the relay is switched off, reduce the loss of the coil and solve the technical problem of inductance saturation.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention adopts a slow discharge driving circuit for a relay, the circuit is used for driving the relay to work, and the driving circuit comprises: the power supply end is connected with the coil positive end of the relay; the first capacitor, the first control switch and the power supply end form a voltage doubling circuit, and a diode and a voltage stabilizing diode, wherein the voltage stabilizing diode forms a discharge loop; the processor controls the on-off of the second control switch to control the on-off of the voltage doubling circuit and the discharge loop, and the processor controls the second control switch to enable the negative end of the relay to be low or suspended.
Preferably, in the voltage doubling circuit, the first control switch is a PNP triode, an emitter of the first control switch is connected to the anode of the power supply terminal, a collector of the first control switch is grounded through a current-limiting resistor, and a base of the first control switch is connected to the cathode of the relay coil, wherein one end of the first capacitor is connected to the anode of the power supply terminal and the coil positive terminal of the relay respectively, and the other end of the first capacitor is connected to the collector of the first control switch through the diode.
Preferably, the diode has an anode connected to the anode of the power supply terminal, and a cathode connected to the first capacitor, wherein when the first control switch is turned on, the first capacitor is charged, and the anode voltage of the relay increases.
In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the discharge circuit, the second control switch is an NPN transistor, a base of the second control switch is connected to the driving voltage through a current-limiting resistor, a collector of the second control switch is connected to the negative terminal of the coil of the relay and is connected to the base of the first control switch through a current-limiting resistor, and an emitter of the second control switch is grounded.
Still further preferably, the relay further comprises a zener diode, wherein the positive electrode of the zener diode is respectively connected to the collector of the first control switch and the emitter of the second control switch, and the negative electrode of the zener diode is connected to the collector of the second control switch, wherein when the negative terminal voltage of the coil of the relay is lower than the voltage of the zener diode, the zener diode and the self-junction capacitance of the second control switch and the internal resistance of the relay form a discharge loop to release energy in the coil of the relay.
As still further preferable in this scheme, in an operating state of the relay, the first control switch and the second control switch are turned on, and the first capacitor discharges nonlinearly until the first capacitor finishes discharging, so that the voltage across the relay falls back to the voltage across the power supply; and the second control switch is turned off, when the relay is turned off, the voltage at the negative end of the coil of the relay falls back, and the energy in the coil of the relay is released until the voltage falls back to be lower than the voltage of the voltage stabilizing diode.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects due to the adoption of the technical scheme:
1. in the existing improvement scheme, a mode of releasing stored energy of an inductor is used as a means for driving voltage boosting of a relay, namely, the inductor is used as energy storage equipment for driving the relay to boost, and the problem of saturation of the inductor needs to be considered in the energy storage inductor. Therefore, in the scheme, the capacitor is adopted as energy storage equipment to avoid the problem of inductance saturation;
2. in order to realize the voltage doubling effect when the relay is driven, a voltage doubling circuit is formed by a triode, a diode and a capacitor, in the voltage doubling circuit, an emitting electrode of a PNP triode is connected to the positive electrode of a power supply end, a collector electrode of the PNP triode is grounded through a current-limiting resistor, a base electrode of the PNP triode is connected to the negative electrode of a relay coil, one end of the capacitor is connected with the power supply end and the positive electrode of the relay, and the other end of the capacitor is connected to the collector electrode of the triode, so that under the condition that the PNP transistor is conducted, the voltage of the capacitor is instantaneously pulled to be consistent with the voltage of the power supply end, the voltage under the relay driving state is twice of the voltage of the power supply end, and voltage doubling driving is realized; when the relay needs low voltage in a steady state, the voltage of the first capacitor cannot change suddenly due to the fact that the potentials at the two ends of the first capacitor are equal, the first capacitor is in a nonlinear discharge state, the voltage at the two ends of the relay falls back to the power voltage from twice of the power voltage, and the low voltage requirement of the relay under the steady state work is met;
3. when the second control switch is turned off, the relay generates a voltage in the direction opposite to the voltage direction of the power supply end, the voltage can be superposed with the voltage of the power supply end to cause overlarge voltage between a collector and an emitter of the second control switch, and in order to solve the problem, a voltage stabilizing diode is connected between the collector and the emitter of the second control switch in parallel to protect the second control switch, so that in the turn-off state, the voltage stabilizing diode forms a discharge loop and quickly releases energy in a coil of the relay;
4. the driving circuit in the scheme solves the technical problems of three common relay driving circuits in the prior art, improves the relay boosting driving circuit improved in the prior art, keeps the advantages of the improved driving circuit in the prior art besides the three beneficial technical effects, realizes the reduction of the coil loss in the steady state of the relay, eliminates the influence of the electromagnetic compatibility problem on a system, has obvious advantages in the high-voltage and high-current relay driving scene, realizes voltage doubling driving, and reduces the resource occupation of a signal enabling end under multi-path control;
5. compared with the existing voltage-multiplying driving circuit adopting capacitor discharge, the capacitor is omitted in the discharge loop, and the discharge loop is formed by the internal junction capacitors of the triode and the voltage-stabilizing diode component, so that the cost of the driving circuit is saved, the discharge speed of the discharge loop is reduced, and the characteristics of the component are fully utilized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an equivalent circuit structure of the slow discharge driving circuit of the relay according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
An embodiment of a relay slow discharge drive circuit according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the described embodiments can be modified in various different ways, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the drawings and description are illustrative in nature and not intended to limit the scope of the claims. Furthermore, in the present description, the drawings are not to scale and like reference numerals refer to like parts.
It should be noted that, in the embodiments of the present invention, the expressions "first" and "second" are used to distinguish two entities with the same name but different names or different parameters, and it is understood that "first" and "second" are merely for convenience of description and should not be construed as limitations of the embodiments of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof in the following embodiments are omitted.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are provided for three common driving methods of the relay and the technical problems of the improved driving circuit. The coil loss is too high during constant voltage driving, and the problem of electromagnetic compatibility is difficult to avoid under the control of a PWM chopping power supply. The essence of the method is that the driving power required by the relay during driving is larger than the power under the steady state, so a dual-power control mode is provided, namely, a high-voltage power supply is adopted to turn on the relay, and low voltage is adopted to maintain the steady state of the relay. Then, the dual power control mode needs two different signals to control the power supply of the two power supplies, and occupies too many I/O resources. The improved scheme is that a boosting circuit and a demagnetization loop are formed by an energy storage inductor and a triode, the energy storage inductor discharges after being charged to meet the requirement that the relay drives the instantaneous high voltage, and then the demagnetization loop releases the energy on a coil after the relay works, but the technical problem of inductor saturation cannot be solved. In the scheme of adopting the capacitor boosting and discharging, the problem of overhigh design cost of a multi-capacitor device exists.
The idea of the preferred embodiment of the present invention to achieve its technical purpose includes:
1) a new energy storage device is adopted to replace an energy storage inductor so as to solve the problem of inductor saturation;
2) the energy of the energy storage equipment after long-term energy storage exists, and how to realize quick discharge after energy storage;
3) the number of the capacitor devices is reduced, the self properties of the devices are utilized to form a discharge loop, slow discharge of the discharge loop is realized, the overvoltage of the voltage stabilizing diode is reduced, and the stability of the circuit is improved.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an equivalent circuit structure of the slow discharge driving circuit of the relay according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 1, selected portions of the housing, namely the relay portion, are shown in phantom. The voltage of 12V is used as a power supply end for driving the relay. In order to achieve the above technical effects, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a capacitor is used as an energy storage device to replace an inductor in the existing improvement scheme, a diode and a transistor are electrically connected to the capacitor to form a unidirectional energy storage boost circuit, and the energy storage boost circuit automatically reduces voltage after being boosted and driven by a relay. Referring to fig. 1, in this embodiment, the power source terminal is connected in series with a diode D1, a first capacitor C1, and a transistor Q1. Specifically, the anode of the diode D1 is connected to the anode of the power supply terminal, and the cathode of the diode D1 is connected to the first capacitor C1 and the coil positive terminal of the relay, respectively. Referring to the transistor Q1, the transistor Q1 is a PNP transistor, the emitter of which is connected to the power supply terminal, the collector of which is grounded through a current-limiting resistor R1, and the base of which is connected to the negative terminal of the relay coil through a current-limiting resistor R3. Thus, it can be seen that if the transistor Q1 is turned on, a tank circuit is formed from the power supply terminal to the transistor Q1, from the emitter to the collector of the transistor Q1, and finally to the first capacitor C1, since the cathode of the diode D1 is connected to the first capacitor C1, when the transistor Q1 is turned on, the power supply terminal charges the first capacitor C1, that is, the initial voltage of the first capacitor C1 is consistent with the power supply terminal, and in the preferred embodiment, the initial voltage of the first capacitor C1 is also 12V. When the relay is driven, the voltage of the positive end of the coil of the relay is 24V superposed by the voltage of the first capacitor and the voltage of the power supply end, so that the voltage-multiplying driving of the relay is realized.
With continued reference to fig. 1, a transistor Q2 is connected between the negative terminal of the relay coil and a current limiting resistor R3. The triode Q2 is an NPN triode, the base electrode of the triode Q2 is connected with the driving voltage through the current limiting resistor R2, the driving signal is sent by the processor to drive the triode Q2 to be switched on and off, the collector electrode of the triode Q2 is connected to the negative end of the coil of the relay, and the emitter electrode of the triode Q2 is grounded.
In actual control, a processor (CPU) gives a signal to control the on and off of the triode. Referring to fig. 1, in the preferred embodiment, when the power supply terminal 12V is established, the processor sends a driving command to turn on transistor Q2 first and transistor Q1 later, and the negative terminal of the relay is set low and at the same potential as GND. As described above, the first capacitor C1 is charged and superimposed on the voltage of the power supply terminal to make the voltage of the positive terminal of the relay to the ground 24V, thereby realizing voltage-doubling driving with the voltage of the power supply terminal applied.
Then, the potentials at the two ends of the first capacitor C1 are equal, the voltage on the first capacitor C1 has no sudden change, and nonlinear discharge is realized, so that after the initial energy on the first capacitor C1 is released, the voltage to ground at the positive end of the relay falls back to 12V from 24V, and the low-voltage requirement of the relay under the steady-state operation is met. When the relay is turned off, the processor (CPU) sends a signal to drive the transistor Q2 to be turned off, under the steady-state operation of the relay, energy on a coil of the relay generates reverse voltage after the relay is turned off, the negative end of the coil of the relay induces positive voltage, the coil voltage is superposed with power supply voltage and then applied between the collector and the emitter of the transistor Q2, and the voltage between the collector and the emitter of the transistor Q2 is overlarge. Referring to fig. 1, in another aspect of the present invention, a zener diode ZD1 is connected between the collector and emitter of transistor Q2. Therefore, the relay coil is continuously discharged until the negative end voltage of the relay coil is lower than the voltage stabilizing diode, and a discharge loop is formed by the voltage stabilizing diode, the triode Q2 self-junction capacitor and the relay self-resistor, so that the energy in the relay coil is released. It should be noted that, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, since the structure of the discharge loop is changed, the selection type of the zener diode is adapted to the transistor Q1 and the transistor Q2, so as to reduce the cost of the discharge loop and the overall driving circuit and improve the circuit stability on the basis of protecting the transistor Q1 and the transistor Q2.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects due to the adoption of the technical scheme:
1. in the existing improvement scheme, a mode of releasing stored energy by an inductor is used as a means for boosting the driving voltage of the relay, namely, the inductor is used as energy storage equipment for boosting and driving the relay, and the saturation problem of the inductor needs to be considered in the energy storage inductor. Therefore, in the scheme, the capacitor is adopted as energy storage equipment to avoid the problem of inductance saturation;
2. in order to realize the voltage doubling effect when the relay is driven, a voltage doubling circuit is formed by a triode, a diode and a capacitor, in the voltage doubling circuit, an emitting electrode of a PNP triode is connected to the positive electrode of a power supply end, a collecting electrode of the PNP triode is grounded through a current-limiting resistor, a base electrode of the PNP triode is connected to the negative electrode of a relay coil, one end of the capacitor is connected with the power supply end and the positive electrode of the relay, and the other end of the capacitor is connected to the collecting electrode of the triode, so that under the condition that the PNP transistor is conducted, the voltage of a resistor R1 is instantaneously pulled to be consistent with the voltage of the power supply end, the voltage under the relay driving state is twice of the voltage of the power supply end, and voltage doubling driving is realized; when the relay needs low voltage in a steady state, the voltage of the first capacitor cannot change suddenly due to the fact that the potentials at the two ends of the first capacitor are equal, the first capacitor is in a nonlinear discharge state, the voltage at the two ends of the relay falls back to the power voltage from twice of the power voltage, and the low voltage requirement of the relay under the steady state work is met;
3. when the second control switch is turned off, the relay generates a voltage in the direction opposite to the voltage direction of the power supply end, the voltage can be superposed with the voltage of the power supply end to cause overlarge voltage between a collector and an emitter of the second control switch, and in order to solve the problem, a voltage stabilizing diode is connected between the collector and the emitter of the second control switch so as to protect the first control switch and the second control switch, so that the voltage stabilizing diode participates in discharging in the turn-off state and quickly releases energy in a coil of the relay;
4. the driving circuit in the scheme solves the technical problems of three common relay driving circuits in the prior art, improves the relay boosting driving circuit improved in the prior art, keeps the advantages of the driving circuit improved in the prior art besides the three beneficial technical effects, realizes the reduction of coil loss in the steady state of the relay, eliminates the influence of the electromagnetic compatibility problem on a system, has obvious advantages in the high-voltage and high-current relay driving scene, realizes voltage doubling driving, and reduces the resource occupation of a signal enabling end under multi-path control;
5. compared with the existing voltage-multiplying driving circuit adopting capacitor discharge, the capacitor is omitted in the discharge loop, and the discharge loop is formed by the internal junction capacitors of the triode and the voltage-stabilizing diode component, so that the cost of the driving circuit is saved, the discharge speed of the discharge loop is reduced, and the self characteristics of the component are fully utilized.
The above examples only show some embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A slow discharge drive circuit for a relay, the circuit for driving the relay to operate, the drive circuit comprising:
the power supply end is connected with the coil positive end of the relay;
the first capacitor, the first control switch and the power supply end form a voltage doubling circuit, and the diode and the voltage stabilizing diode, the voltage stabilizing diode and the second control switch form a discharge loop;
the processor controls the on-off of the first control switch and the second control switch so as to control the on-off of the voltage doubling circuit and the discharge loop, and the processor controls the second control switch so as to enable the negative end of the relay to be low or suspended.
2. The relay slow discharge driving circuit according to claim 1, wherein the voltage doubling circuit includes a PNP transistor as the first control switch, an emitter of the first control switch is connected to a positive electrode of the power supply terminal, a collector of the first control switch is grounded via a current limiting resistor, and a base of the first control switch is connected to a negative electrode of the relay coil, wherein,
one end of the first capacitor is respectively connected to the anode of the power supply end and the positive end of the coil of the relay, and the other end of the first capacitor is connected to the collector of the first control switch through the diode.
3. The relay slow discharge driving circuit according to claim 2, wherein an anode of the diode is connected to an anode of the power supply terminal, and a cathode thereof is connected to the first capacitor, wherein,
when the first control switch is conducted, the first capacitor is charged, and the positive end voltage of the relay is increased.
4. The relay slow discharge driving circuit according to claim 3, wherein in the discharge loop, the second control switch is an NPN triode, a base of the second control switch is connected with a driving voltage through a current limiting resistor, a collector of the second control switch is connected to a negative terminal of a coil of the relay and is connected to a base of the first control switch through a current limiting resistor, and an emitter of the second control switch is grounded.
5. The relay slow discharge driving circuit according to claim 4, further comprising a zener diode having anodes respectively connected to the collector of the first control switch and the emitter of the second control switch, and having a cathode connected to the collector of the second control switch,
when the voltage of the negative end of the coil of the relay is lower than the voltage of the voltage stabilizing diode, the self-junction capacitor of the second control switch and the internal resistance of the relay form a discharging loop so as to release the energy in the coil of the relay.
6. The relay slow discharge drive circuit according to claim 5,
in the working state of the relay, the first control switch and the second control switch are conducted, and the first capacitor is subjected to nonlinear discharge until the discharge of the first capacitor is finished so that the voltage at two ends of the relay falls back to the voltage at the power supply end;
and the second control switch is turned off, when the relay is turned off, the voltage at the negative end of the coil of the relay falls back, and the energy in the coil of the relay is released until the voltage falls back to be lower than the voltage of the voltage stabilizing diode.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210354765.XA CN114709109A (en) | 2022-04-06 | 2022-04-06 | Relay slow discharge driving circuit |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210354765.XA CN114709109A (en) | 2022-04-06 | 2022-04-06 | Relay slow discharge driving circuit |
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| CN114709109A true CN114709109A (en) | 2022-07-05 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116364481A (en) * | 2023-04-19 | 2023-06-30 | 西安图为电气技术有限公司 | Relay driving circuit, electronic device, and relay driving method |
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2022
- 2022-04-06 CN CN202210354765.XA patent/CN114709109A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116364481A (en) * | 2023-04-19 | 2023-06-30 | 西安图为电气技术有限公司 | Relay driving circuit, electronic device, and relay driving method |
| CN116364481B (en) * | 2023-04-19 | 2024-03-08 | 西安图为电气技术有限公司 | Relay driving circuit, electronic device, and relay driving method |
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