CN114496652A - Voltage-multiplying driving circuit of relay - Google Patents
Voltage-multiplying driving circuit of relay Download PDFInfo
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- CN114496652A CN114496652A CN202210179065.1A CN202210179065A CN114496652A CN 114496652 A CN114496652 A CN 114496652A CN 202210179065 A CN202210179065 A CN 202210179065A CN 114496652 A CN114496652 A CN 114496652A
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- relay
- voltage
- control switch
- capacitor
- power supply
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
- H01H47/02—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay
Abstract
The invention discloses a voltage-multiplying driving circuit of a relay, which is used for driving the relay to work, and comprises: the power supply end is connected with the coil positive end of the relay; the first capacitor, the first control switch and the power supply end form a voltage doubling circuit, and the second capacitor and the diode form a discharge loop; the processor controls the on-off of the first control switch and the second control switch to control the on-off of the voltage doubling circuit and the discharging loop, and the processor controls the second control switch to enable the negative end of the relay to be low, so that energy on a coil can be quickly released after the relay is switched off, the loss of the coil is reduced, and the technical problem of inductance saturation is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electronic power, in particular to a voltage-multiplying driving circuit for a relay used in power conversion or energy storage equipment such as a photovoltaic inverter, an energy storage machine, an uninterruptible power supply and a power charging pile.
Background
Generally, the driving method of the relay includes three driving methods, namely constant voltage driving, PWM chopping power supply control and dual power supply control. In a constant voltage driving mode, such as 12V voltage driving, since current continuously flows through the relay coil in a steady state, the temperature of the relay coil is always high, which causes excessive loss to the relay coil. In the PWM chopping power supply control mode, a constant voltage mode is adopted to enable the relay to be switched on, after the relay is closed, the PWM voltage is used for controlling the coil, and the effective value of the voltage is reduced. Say two power control again, under this control mode, adopt high voltage power to open the relay, treat the relay actuation back, change into the low voltage again and keep the relay, like this, reduced the coil loss under the steady state has also been realized, the electromagnetic compatibility problem under the control of PWM chopping power has been avoided again simultaneously, however, because need two way control signal under the dual power control mode, under the scene that the relay quantity is more, multichannel power control signal need occupy too much signal IO resource, on the other hand, under the dual power control mode, because need adopt different power, the system control complexity is high, and control cost is big.
In order to solve the technical problems of the relay driving circuit, the prior art provides a booster circuit which adopts an energy storage inductor as energy storage equipment, stores energy by a voltage end energy storage circuit before the relay is switched on, and enables the energy storage inductor which stores energy and a power end to form the relay driving when the relay is switched on, thereby solving the instantaneous high-voltage requirement when the relay is driven; after the relay enters the stable state, along with the release of the electric energy on the energy storage inductor, the voltage on the inductor falls back gradually until the voltage at the two ends of the relay falls back to the voltage of the power supply end, namely, the low-voltage requirement of the relay under the stable state can be met. Therefore, the technical problems that when the existing relay drive circuit is adopted, the loss of a relay coil is large, and the electromagnetic compatibility problem cannot be solved are solved. However, long-term experiments and practices find that the driving circuit adopting the energy storage inductor after being improved has the problem of inductor saturation.
In view of the above, the prior art should be modified to provide a new driving method for a relay, so as to solve the above technical problems of the existing and improved driving methods for relays.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the voltage-multiplying driving circuit of the relay, which can quickly release the energy on the coil after the relay is switched off, reduce the loss of the coil and solve the technical problem of inductance saturation.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention adopts a voltage-multiplying driving circuit for a relay, the circuit is used for driving the relay to work, and the driving circuit comprises: the power supply end is connected with the coil positive end of the relay; the first capacitor, the first control switch and the power supply end form a voltage doubling circuit, and the second capacitor and the diode form a discharge loop; the processor controls the on-off of the first control switch and the second control switch to control the on-off of the voltage doubling circuit and the discharge loop, and the processor controls the second control switch to enable the negative end of the relay to be low.
Preferably, in the voltage doubling circuit, the first control switch is a PNP triode, an emitter of the first control switch is connected to the anode of the power supply terminal, and a collector of the first control switch is grounded through a current-limiting resistor, wherein one end of the first capacitor is connected to the anode of the power supply terminal and the coil positive terminal of the relay, respectively, the other end of the first capacitor is connected to the collector of the first control switch, one end of the second capacitor is connected to the cathode of the power supply terminal, and the other end of the second capacitor is connected to the base of the first control switch and the coil negative terminal of the relay, respectively.
Preferably, the diode has an anode connected to the anode of the power supply terminal, and a cathode connected to the first capacitor, wherein when the first control switch is turned on, the first capacitor is charged, and the anode voltage of the relay increases.
As a further preferable mode of the present invention, in the discharge circuit, the second control switch is an NPN transistor, a base of the second control switch is connected to the driving voltage through a current-limiting resistor, a collector of the second control switch is connected to a negative terminal of the coil of the relay, and is connected to the second capacitor and the base of the first control switch through a current-limiting resistor, and an emitter of the second control switch is grounded.
Still further preferably, the power supply further comprises a zener diode, wherein an anode of the zener diode is connected to an emitter of the second control switch, and a cathode of the zener diode is connected to a collector of the second control switch, wherein when a voltage of a negative terminal of the coil of the relay is lower than a voltage of the zener diode, the second capacitor and the diode form the discharge loop to release energy in the second capacitor.
As still further preferable in this scheme, in an operating state of the relay, the first control switch and the second control switch are turned on, and the first capacitor discharges nonlinearly until the first capacitor finishes discharging, so that the voltage across the relay falls back to the voltage across the power supply; when the relay is switched off, the second control switch is switched off, the voltage of the negative end of the coil of the relay falls back, and the energy in the second capacitor is released until the voltage falls back to be lower than the voltage of the voltage stabilizing diode.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects due to the adoption of the technical scheme:
1. in the existing improvement scheme, a mode of releasing stored energy of an inductor is used as a means for driving voltage boosting of a relay, namely, the inductor is used as energy storage equipment for driving the relay to boost, and the problem of saturation of the inductor needs to be considered in the energy storage inductor. Therefore, in the scheme, the capacitor is adopted as energy storage equipment to avoid the problem of inductance saturation;
2. in order to realize the voltage doubling effect when the relay is driven, a voltage doubling circuit is formed by a triode, a diode and a capacitor, in the voltage doubling circuit, an emitting electrode of a PNP triode is connected to the positive electrode of a power supply end, a collecting electrode is grounded through a current limiting resistor, one end of the capacitor is connected with the power supply end and the positive electrode of the relay, and the other end of the capacitor is connected to the collecting electrode of the triode, so that under the condition that the PNP transistor is conducted, the voltage of the capacitor is instantaneously pulled to be consistent with the voltage of the power supply end, the voltage of the relay in a driving state is twice of the voltage of the power supply end, and voltage doubling driving is realized; when the relay needs low voltage in a steady state, the voltage of the first capacitor cannot change suddenly due to the fact that the potentials at the two ends of the first capacitor are equal, the first capacitor is in a nonlinear wire-defense state, and the voltage of the power supply, which is twice as high as the voltage at the two ends of the relay, falls back to the power supply voltage, so that the low voltage requirement of the relay under the steady state operation is met;
3. when the second control switch is turned off, the relay generates a voltage in the direction opposite to the voltage direction of the power supply end, the voltage can be superposed with the voltage of the power supply end to cause overlarge voltage between a collector and an emitter of the second control switch, and in order to solve the problem, a voltage stabilizing diode is connected between the collector and the emitter of the second control switch so as to protect the second control switch, so that in the off state, a second capacitor and the diode form a discharge loop to quickly discharge energy in a coil of the relay;
4. the drive circuit in this scheme, the technical problem that three kinds of relay drive circuit exist that are common among the prior art has been solved, the relay boost drive circuit after improving under the prior art has improved again, outside aforementioned three beneficial technological effects, the advantage of drive circuit after having kept improving under the prior art, realize that the coil loss reduces under the relay steady state, eliminate the electromagnetic compatibility problem and to the influence that the system caused, the relay drive scene of high-pressure heavy current has apparent advantage, realize the voltage doubling drive, and, the resource that reduces signal enable end occupies under the multi-path control.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an equivalent circuit structure of the relay voltage-doubling driving circuit according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
An embodiment of a relay voltage-doubling driving circuit according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the described embodiments can be modified in various different ways, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the drawings and description are illustrative in nature and not intended to limit the scope of the claims. Furthermore, in the present description, the drawings are not to scale and like reference numerals refer to like parts.
It should be noted that, in the embodiments of the present invention, the expressions "first" and "second" are used to distinguish two entities with the same name but different names or different parameters, and it is understood that "first" and "second" are merely for convenience of description and should not be construed as limitations of the embodiments of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof in the following embodiments are omitted.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are provided for three common driving methods of the relay and the technical problems of the improved driving circuit. The coil loss is too high during constant voltage driving, and the problem of electromagnetic compatibility is difficult to avoid under the control of a PWM chopping power supply. The essence of the method is that the driving power required by the relay during driving is larger than the power under the steady state, so a dual-power control mode is provided, namely, a high-voltage power supply is adopted to turn on the relay, and low voltage is adopted to maintain the steady state of the relay. Then, the dual power control mode needs two different signals to control the power supply of the two power supplies, and occupies too many IO resources. The improved scheme is that a boosting circuit and a demagnetization loop are formed by an energy storage inductor and a triode, the energy storage inductor discharges after being charged to meet the requirement that the relay drives the instantaneous high voltage, and then the demagnetization loop releases the energy on a coil after the relay works, but the technical problem of inductor saturation cannot be solved.
The idea of the preferred embodiment of the present invention to achieve its technical purpose includes:
1) a new energy storage device is adopted to replace an energy storage inductor so as to solve the problem of inductor saturation;
2) the energy storage device can store energy for a long time, and how to realize quick discharge after storing energy.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an equivalent circuit structure of the relay voltage-doubling driving circuit according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 1, selected portions of the housing, namely the relay portion, are shown in phantom. The voltage of 12V is used as a power supply end for driving the relay. In order to achieve the above technical effects, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a capacitor is used as an energy storage device to replace an inductor in the existing improvement scheme, a diode and a triode are connected in series with the capacitor to form a unidirectional energy storage boost circuit, and the energy storage boost circuit automatically reduces voltage after the relay is boosted and driven. Referring to fig. 1, in this embodiment, the power source terminal is connected in series with a diode D1, a first capacitor C1, and a transistor Q1. Specifically, the anode of the diode D1 is connected to the anode of the power supply terminal, and the cathode of the diode D1 is connected to the first capacitor C1 and the coil positive terminal of the relay, respectively. Referring to the transistor Q1, the transistor Q1 is a PNP transistor, the emitter of which is connected to the power source, and the collector of which is grounded through the current limiting resistor R1. Thus, it can be seen that if the transistor Q1 is turned on, a tank circuit is formed from the power supply terminal to the transistor Q1, from the emitter to the collector of the transistor Q1, and finally to the first capacitor C1, since the cathode of the diode D1 is connected to the first capacitor C1, when the transistor Q1 is turned on, the power supply terminal charges the first capacitor C1, that is, the initial voltage of the first capacitor C1 is consistent with the power supply terminal, and in the preferred embodiment, the initial voltage of the first capacitor C1 is also 12V. When the relay is driven, the voltage of the positive end of the coil of the relay is 24V superposed by the voltage of the first capacitor and the voltage of the power supply end, so that the voltage-multiplying driving of the relay is realized.
With continued reference to fig. 1, the relay further includes a second capacitor C2 and a current limiting resistor R3 from the negative terminal of the coil to the negative terminal of the power supply terminal. One end of the second capacitor C2 is connected to the negative electrode of the power supply end, the other end is connected to the base electrode of the triode Q1, and the triode Q2 is connected between the coil negative end of the relay and the current-limiting resistor R3. The triode Q2 is an NPN triode, the base electrode of the triode Q2 is connected with the power-off voltage through the current-limiting resistor R2, the triode Q2 is driven to be switched on and off by sending a driving signal through the processor, the collector electrode of the triode Q2 is connected to the negative end of the coil of the relay, and the emitter electrode of the triode Q2 is grounded.
In actual control, a processor (CPU) gives a signal to control the on and off of the triode. Referring to fig. 1, in the preferred embodiment, when the power supply terminal 12V is established, the processor sends a driving command to turn on the transistor Q1 and the transistor Q2, and the negative terminal of the relay is low and at the same potential as GND. As described above, after the first capacitor C1 is charged, it is superimposed on the voltage of the power supply terminal to make the voltage of the positive terminal of the relay to the ground 24V, thereby realizing the voltage-doubling driving with the voltage of the power supply terminal.
Then, the potentials at the two ends of the first capacitor C1 are equal, the voltage on the first capacitor C1 has no sudden change, and nonlinear discharge is realized, so that after the initial energy on the first capacitor C1 is released, the voltage to ground at the positive end of the relay falls back to 12V from 24V, and the low-voltage requirement of the relay under the steady-state operation is met. When the relay is turned off, the processor (CPU) sends a signal to drive the transistor Q2 to be turned off, under the steady-state work of the relay, energy on a coil of the relay generates reverse voltage after the relay is turned off, positive voltage is induced by the negative end of the coil of the relay, the coil voltage is superposed with power supply voltage and then applied between the collector and the emitter of the transistor Q2, and the voltage between the collector and the emitter of the transistor Q2 is overlarge. Referring to fig. 1, in another aspect of the present invention, a zener diode ZD1 is connected between the collector and emitter of transistor Q2. Thus, the relay coil continuously discharges until the negative end voltage of the relay coil is lower than the voltage stabilizing diode, a unidirectional discharge loop is formed by the current limiting resistor R3, the second capacitor C2 and the diode D1, and the energy in the relay coil and the C2 is released.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects due to the adoption of the technical scheme:
1. in the existing improvement scheme, a mode of releasing stored energy by an inductor is used as a means for boosting the driving voltage of the relay, namely, the inductor is used as energy storage equipment for boosting and driving the relay, and the saturation problem of the inductor needs to be considered in the energy storage inductor. Therefore, in the scheme, the capacitor is adopted as energy storage equipment to avoid the problem of inductance saturation;
2. in order to realize the voltage doubling effect when the relay is driven, a voltage doubling circuit is formed by a triode, a diode and a capacitor, in the voltage doubling circuit, an emitting electrode of a PNP triode is connected to the positive electrode of a power supply end, a collecting electrode is grounded through a current limiting resistor, one end of the capacitor is connected with the power supply end and the positive electrode of the relay, and the other end of the capacitor is connected to the collecting electrode of the triode, so that under the condition that the PNP transistor is conducted, the voltage of the capacitor is instantaneously pulled to be consistent with the voltage of the power supply end, the voltage of the relay in a driving state is twice of the voltage of the power supply end, and voltage doubling driving is realized; when the relay needs low voltage in a steady state, the voltage of the first capacitor cannot change suddenly due to the fact that the potentials at the two ends of the first capacitor are equal, the first capacitor is in a nonlinear wire-defense state, and the voltage of the power supply, which is twice as high as the voltage at the two ends of the relay, falls back to the power supply voltage, so that the low voltage requirement of the relay under the steady state operation is met;
3. when the second control switch is turned off, the relay generates a voltage in the direction opposite to the voltage direction of the power supply end, the voltage can be superposed with the voltage of the power supply end to cause overlarge voltage between a collector and an emitter of the second control switch, and in order to solve the problem, a voltage stabilizing diode is connected between the collector and the emitter of the second control switch so as to protect the second control switch, so that in the off state, a second capacitor and the diode form a discharge loop to quickly discharge energy in a coil of the relay;
4. the drive circuit in this scheme, the technical problem that three kinds of relay drive circuit exist that are common among the prior art has been solved, the relay boost drive circuit after improving under the prior art has improved again, outside aforementioned three beneficial technological effects, the advantage of drive circuit after having kept improving under the prior art, realize that the coil loss reduces under the relay steady state, eliminate the electromagnetic compatibility problem and to the influence that the system caused, the relay drive scene of high-pressure heavy current has apparent advantage, realize the voltage doubling drive, and, the resource that reduces signal enable end occupies under the multi-path control.
The above examples only show some embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A voltage-multiplying driving circuit of a relay, which is used for driving the relay to work, and is characterized in that the driving circuit comprises:
the power supply end is connected with the coil positive end of the relay;
the first capacitor, the first control switch and the power supply end form a voltage doubling circuit, and the second capacitor and the diode form a discharge loop;
the processor controls the on-off of the first control switch and the second control switch to control the on-off of the voltage doubling circuit and the discharge loop, and the processor controls the second control switch to enable the negative end of the relay to be low.
2. The voltage-multiplying relay circuit according to claim 1, wherein said first control switch is a PNP transistor, an emitter of said first control switch is connected to a positive terminal of said power source terminal, and a collector of said first control switch is grounded via a current-limiting resistor, wherein,
one end of the first capacitor is connected to the positive electrode of the power supply end and the positive coil end of the relay respectively, the other end of the first capacitor is connected to the collector electrode of the first control switch, one end of the second capacitor is connected to the negative electrode of the power supply end, and the other end of the second capacitor is connected to the base electrode of the first control switch and the negative coil end of the relay respectively.
3. The voltage-doubling relay driving circuit according to claim 2, wherein an anode of the diode is connected to an anode of the power supply terminal, and a cathode thereof is connected to the first capacitor, wherein,
when the first control switch is conducted, the first capacitor is charged, and the positive end voltage of the relay is increased.
4. The voltage-multiplying relay circuit according to claim 3, wherein in the discharging circuit, the second control switch is an NPN transistor, a base of the second control switch is connected to the driving voltage through a current-limiting resistor, a collector of the second control switch is connected to the negative terminal of the coil of the relay, the collector of the second control switch is connected to the second capacitor and the base of the first control switch through a current-limiting resistor, and an emitter of the second control switch is grounded.
5. The voltage-doubling relay driving circuit according to claim 4, further comprising a zener diode, wherein an anode of the zener diode is connected to the emitter of the second control switch, and a cathode of the zener diode is connected to the collector of the second control switch, wherein,
when the voltage of the negative coil end of the relay is lower than the voltage of the voltage stabilizing diode, the second capacitor and the diode form the discharging loop to release energy in the second capacitor.
6. The voltage-doubling relay drive circuit according to claim 5,
in the working state of the relay, the first control switch and the second control switch are conducted, and the first capacitor is subjected to nonlinear discharge until the discharge of the first capacitor is finished so that the voltage at two ends of the relay falls back to the voltage at the power supply end;
when the relay is switched off, the second control switch is switched off, the voltage of the negative end of the coil of the relay falls back, and the energy in the second capacitor is released until the voltage falls back to be lower than the voltage of the voltage stabilizing diode.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210179065.1A CN114496652A (en) | 2022-02-25 | 2022-02-25 | Voltage-multiplying driving circuit of relay |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210179065.1A CN114496652A (en) | 2022-02-25 | 2022-02-25 | Voltage-multiplying driving circuit of relay |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114496652A true CN114496652A (en) | 2022-05-13 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210179065.1A Pending CN114496652A (en) | 2022-02-25 | 2022-02-25 | Voltage-multiplying driving circuit of relay |
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|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN114496652A (en) |
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2022
- 2022-02-25 CN CN202210179065.1A patent/CN114496652A/en active Pending
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