CN216312947U - Power module drive circuit and air conditioner - Google Patents

Power module drive circuit and air conditioner Download PDF

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Publication number
CN216312947U
CN216312947U CN202122290327.5U CN202122290327U CN216312947U CN 216312947 U CN216312947 U CN 216312947U CN 202122290327 U CN202122290327 U CN 202122290327U CN 216312947 U CN216312947 U CN 216312947U
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circuit
resistor
driving
diode
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李修贤
杨湘木
杨帆
郑嘉良
赵浩
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Gree Electric Appliances Inc of Zhuhai
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Gree Electric Appliances Inc of Zhuhai
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Abstract

The utility model discloses a power module driving circuit and an air conditioner, which comprise a switch driving circuit and a power supply circuit for supplying power to the switch driving circuit, wherein the switch driving circuit comprises at least one bridge arm formed by serially connecting switch tubes, and further comprises a fault-tolerant circuit connected between the switch driving circuit and the power supply circuit, and the fault-tolerant circuit is used for discharging Miller current generated by the switch tubes. Compared with the prior art, the utility model discharges the Miller current through the fault-tolerant circuit, thereby avoiding the problems that the same bridge arm in the switch driving circuit is directly connected and the power module is exploded.

Description

Power module drive circuit and air conditioner
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of frequency converters, in particular to a power module driving circuit and an air conditioner.
Background
Currently, an Intelligent Power Module (IPM) is widely used in power electronic devices represented by frequency converters and various power supplies, and an internal switching tube thereof is usually an IGBT. When the high-performance IGBT driving circuit works, the switching time delay can be reduced, the switching loss is reduced, good switching-on and switching-off performance is obtained, and the key effect on the reliable operation of the frequency converter is achieved. When the IGBT is switched on and off, due to the parasitic capacitance of the bridge arm of the inverter bridge, namely the Miller capacitance. At higher voltage change rates
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Induced current is generated downwards, voltage spike is formed through a resistor, the IGBT is switched on by mistake, an inverter bridge arm is in direct connection, and an Intelligent Power Module (IPM) is exploded.
Researchers have proposed that a bipolar power supply is used to drive the IGBT and that the IGBT is reliably turned off by negative pressure. The problem of the miller platform is also solved by adopting a combined circuit of an IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) and an MOSFET (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor) switching tube. However, the above two schemes are complicated in circuit, involve switch timing control, and are high in cost.
Therefore, how to design a power module driving circuit and an air conditioner capable of suppressing the miller platform is an urgent technical problem to be solved in the industry.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model provides a power module driving circuit and an air conditioner, and aims to solve the problem that bridge arms are directly connected due to Miller capacitors in the prior art.
The technical scheme of the utility model is that the power module driving circuit comprises a switch driving circuit and a power supply circuit for supplying power to the switch driving circuit, wherein the switch driving circuit comprises at least one bridge arm formed by serially connecting switch tubes, and the power module driving circuit also comprises a fault-tolerant circuit connected between the switch driving circuit and the power supply circuit, and the fault-tolerant circuit is used for discharging Miller current generated by the switch tubes.
Further, the switch driving circuit comprises an IGBT Q1 and an IGBT Q2 connected in series, the fault-tolerant circuit comprises a first fault-tolerant circuit connected to a gate of the IGBT Q1, and a second fault-tolerant circuit connected to a gate of the IGBT Q2, and when the IGBT Q1 is turned on, the second fault-tolerant circuit discharges a miller current generated by the IGBT Q2; when the IGBT Q2 is turned on, the first fault tolerant circuit bleeds off the miller current generated by the IGBT Q1.
Further, the power circuit comprises a driving chip IC1, a driving chip IC2 and a unipolar power supply U, the unipolar power supply U is respectively connected to a power pin VCC1 of the driving chip IC1 and a power pin VCC2 of the driving chip IC2, and an output pin OUT1 of the driving chip IC1 is connected in series with a driving resistor RG1And a first fault-tolerant circuit to the gate level of the IGBT Q1, wherein a driving resistor R is connected in series with an output pin OUT2 of the driving chip IC2G2And a second fault-tolerant circuit to the gate level of the IGBT Q2, and a ground pin GND1 of the driving chip IC1 and a ground pin GND2 of the driving chip IC2 are grounded.
Further, the bootstrap circuit connected with the driving chip IC1 is further included, the bootstrap circuit includes a diode D1, a capacitor C1, and a voltage regulator tube Z1, the unipolar power supply U is connected in series with a current-limiting resistor Rlim and then connected to the anode of the diode D1, the cathode of the diode D1 is connected in series with the capacitor C1 and then connected to the collector of the IGBT Q2, the voltage regulator tube Z1 is connected in parallel to both ends of the capacitor C1, and a power supply pin VCC1 and a ground pin GND1 of the driving chip IC1 are respectively connected to both ends of the capacitor C1.
Further, when the IGBT Q2 is turned on, the unipolar power supply U sequentially passes through the current-limiting resistor Rlin, the diode D1, and the IGBT Q2 to charge the capacitor C1; when the IGBT Q1 is conducted, the gate of the IGBT Q1 is powered by the capacitor C1, and the voltage regulator tube Z1 clamps the voltage across the capacitor C1.
Further, the first fault-tolerant circuit comprises a diode D2, a triode T1 and a resistor RB1Resistance RE1The anode of the diode D2 is connected in series with a driving resistor RG1An output pin OUT1 connected with a driving chip IC1, a negative electrode connected with a gate level of the IGBT Q1, and the resistor RE1One end of the resistor is connected to the driving resistor RG1The other end of the diode D2 is grounded, the emitter of the triode T1 is connected between the cathode of the diode D2 and the gate of the IGBT Q1, and the base is connected with a series resistor RB1Is then connected to the resistor RE1And the collector is grounded.
Further, the second fault-tolerant circuit comprises a diode D3, a triode T2 and a resistor RE2Resistance RB2The anode of the diode D3 is connected in series with a driving resistor RG2An output pin OUT2 connected with a driving chip IC2, a negative electrode connected with a gate level of the IGBT Q2, and the resistor RE2One end of the resistor is connected to the driving resistor RG2The other end of the diode D3 is grounded, the emitter of the triode T2 is connected to the base series resistor R between the cathode of the diode D3 and the gate of the IGBT Q2B2Is then connected to the resistor RE2And the collector is grounded.
Further, when the IGBT Q2 is turned on, a miller current Icg1 is generated between the collector and the gate of the IGBT Q1, and the miller current Icg1 flows through the emitter of the transistor T1 and to ground through the base and the collector of the transistor T1.
Further, when the IGBT Q1 is turned on, a miller current Icg2 is generated between the collector and the gate of the IGBT Q2, and the miller current Icg2 flows through the emitter of the transistor T2 and to ground through the base and the collector of the transistor T2.
The utility model also provides an air conditioner, which comprises an internal frequency converter, wherein the frequency converter adopts the power module driving circuit.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has at least the following beneficial effects:
1. through the arrangement of the fault-tolerant circuit, the Miller current can be released, so that the direct connection of a bridge arm in the IGBT driving circuit is avoided, and the operation reliability of the frequency converter is improved.
2. The utility model inhibits the Miller platform through low-cost devices such as a resistor, a diode, a triode and the like, does not need high-cost devices such as an inductor, a capacitor, a power MOSFET and the like, and reduces the use cost.
3. The utility model has strong universality, can be used for modifying the switch tube, and solves the problem of the Miller platform caused by parasitic parameters of switch components.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a power module driver circuit;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the Miller platform to the power module driver circuit;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the power module driving circuit for bleeding miller current.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the utility model and are not intended to limit the utility model.
Thus, a feature indicated in this specification will serve to explain one of the features of one embodiment of the utility model, and does not imply that every embodiment of the utility model must have the stated feature. Further, it should be noted that this specification describes many features. Although some features may be combined to show a possible system design, these features may also be used in other combinations not explicitly described. Thus, the combinations illustrated are not intended to be limiting unless otherwise specified.
The principles and construction of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
The IGBT driving circuit plays a key role in reliable operation of the frequency converter due to good turn-on and turn-off performance. However, due to the existence of the miller capacitance, when the voltage change rate is high during the switching of the IGBT, the generated miller current forms a voltage peak through the driving resistor, and the IGBT is switched on by mistake, so that the bridge arm is directly connected, and even the intelligent power module is damaged. In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a power module driving circuit capable of suppressing a miller platform, which includes a fault-tolerant circuit connected to an IGBT, so that when a miller current is generated by an IGBT switch, the miller current can be discharged through the fault-tolerant circuit, thereby avoiding the problem of mis-conduction of the IGBT.
Specifically, the power module driving circuit provided by the utility model comprises a switch driving circuit, a power circuit for supplying power to the switch driving circuit, and a fault-tolerant circuit connected between the switch driving circuit and the power circuit, wherein the switch driving circuit comprises at least one bridge arm formed by serially connecting switch tubes, and the fault-tolerant circuit is respectively connected with the switch tubes forming an upper bridge and the switch tubes forming a lower bridge and used for discharging the miller current on the switch tubes when the miller current is generated, so that the problem that the two switch tubes are simultaneously conducted to enable the bridge arms to be directly connected is solved.
Referring to fig. 1, the switch driving circuit includes an IGBT Q1 and an IGBT Q2, the IGBT Q1 and the IGBT Q2 are connected in series, the fault-tolerant circuit includes a first fault-tolerant circuit and a second fault-tolerant circuit, the first fault-tolerant circuit is connected to the IGBT Q1 and is configured to discharge miller current generated by the IGBT Q1 when the IGBT Q2 is turned on, and the second fault-tolerant circuit is connected to the IGBT Q2 and is configured to discharge miller current generated by the IGBT Q2 when the IGBT Q1 is turned on. And a diode is connected in anti-parallel with the IGBT Q1 and the IGBT Q2 respectively to achieve the purpose of freewheeling.
Referring to fig. 2, the IGBT Q1 has parasitic capacitances Ccg1 and Cge1, the IGBT Q2 has integrated capacitances Ccg2 and Cge2, when the IGBT Q1 is turned on, the IGBT Q2 of the lower bridge generates a transient voltage change dVce2/dt, which forms a current on the parasitic capacitance Ccg2 and flows through the driving resistor RG2Then through the internal resistance R in the driving chip IC2DRV2And the lower bridge IGBT Q2 is conducted by mistake when the induction voltage is larger than the gate drive voltage of the IGBT Q2, so that the upper bridge IGBT Q1 and the lower bridge IGBT Q2 are conducted simultaneously, and the power module is damaged by explosion. The utility model adopts the second fault-tolerant circuitThe IGBT bridge arm is connected with the gate level of the IGBT Q2, so that the IGBT bridge arm can discharge the induced current on the parasitic capacitor Ccg2, thereby avoiding the generation of the induced voltage of the gate level of the IGBT Q2 and avoiding the direct connection problem of the same bridge arm. Similarly, when the lower IGBT Q2 is turned on, an induced current is also formed in the parasitic capacitor Ccg1 of the upper IGBT Q1, and the induced current can be discharged through the first fault-tolerant circuit, so that the upper IGBT Q1 is prevented from being turned on by mistake.
Furthermore, the power supply of the utility model adopts a unipolar power supply to supply power, which saves negative voltage power supply compared with a bipolar power supply circuit and reduces the circuit cost. Specifically, the power circuit comprises a driving chip IC1, a driving chip IC2 and a unipolar power supply U, wherein the unipolar power supply U is respectively connected to a power supply pin VCC1 of the driving chip IC1 and a power supply pin VCC2 of the driving chip IC2 for supplying power, and an output pin OUT1 of the driving chip IC1 is connected in series with a driving resistor RG1And the gate level and the ground pin GND1 of the upper bridge IGBT Q1 are grounded after the first fault-tolerant circuit, and the output pin OUT2 of the driving chip IC2 is connected with a driving resistor R in seriesG2And the second fault-tolerant circuit is connected to the gate of the lower bridge IGBT Q2 and the ground pin GND2 is grounded (in the figure, a chip High Drive IC is a Drive chip IC1, and a chip Low Drive IC is a Drive chip IC 2).
Further, in order to solve the problem that the grades of the emitter voltages are different when the upper bridge IGBT Q1 and the lower bridge IGBT Q2 work, the drive chip IC1 of the upper bridge supplies power to use a bootstrap circuit. The bootstrap circuit comprises a diode D1, a capacitor C1 and a voltage regulator tube Z1, a unipolar power supply U is connected in series with a current-limiting resistor Rlim and then connected to the anode of the diode D1, the cathode of the diode D1 is connected in series with a capacitor C1 and then connected to the collector of the IGBT Q2, the voltage regulator tube Z1 is connected in parallel with the two ends of the capacitor C1, and meanwhile, a power supply pin VCC1 and a ground pin GND1 of a driving chip IC1 are also connected to the two ends of the capacitor C1.
When the lower bridge IGBT Q2 is turned on, the unipolar power supply U can charge the capacitor C1 through the current-limiting resistor Rlim, the diode D1 and the IGBT Q2; while that of IGBT Q1 when IGBT Q1 is on
The gate level is supplied with power through a capacitor C1, the power supply voltage of the gate level can be higher than the power supply voltage, and the problem that the emitter voltages of the upper and lower bridge arm IGBTs are different when the upper and lower bridge arm IGBTs work is solved. The capacitor C1 is a bootstrap capacitor and can superpose the discharge voltage of the capacitor and the power supply voltage, so that the voltage is increased to be higher than the power supply voltage, and the problem of different emitter voltage levels between the two IGBTs of the upper bridge arm and the lower bridge arm is solved; the resistor Rlim is a current-limiting resistor, and when the lower bridge IGBT Q2 is switched on and the bootstrap capacitor is charged, the resistor Rlim can limit the charging current value of the bootstrap capacitor, so that an overcurrent protection effect is achieved; the voltage regulator tube Z1 is used for voltage clamping, and can clamp the voltage at two ends of the bootstrap capacitor C1 to be close to the breakdown voltage of the bootstrap capacitor C1, so that overvoltage damage of the bootstrap capacitor C1 is prevented.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the second fault-tolerant circuit includes a diode D3, a transistor T2, and a resistor RE2Resistance RB2Wherein the anode of the diode D3 is connected in series with a driving resistor RG2An output pin OUT2 connected with the drive chip IC2, a negative electrode connected with the gate level of the IGBT Q2, and a resistor RE2One end of the resistor is connected to the driving resistor RG2The other end of the diode D3 is grounded, the emitter of the triode T2 is connected to the base-electrode series resistor R between the cathode of the diode D3 and the gate of the IGBT Q2B2Is connected to a resistor RE2And the collector is grounded.
Referring to fig. 3, when the upper bridge IGBT Q1 is turned on, the lower bridge IGBT Q2 generates a transient voltage change dVce2/dt, which forms an induced current at the miller capacitance Ccg2, and the magnitude of the induced current is:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
the magnitude of the current is related to the rate of change of the voltage and the magnitude of the miller capacitance Ccg2 (referred to herein as the miller current, i.e., the induced current generated by the miller capacitance) which flows through the drive resistor RG2Internal resistance R of rear and driving chip IC2DRV2The voltage generated at the gate of IGBT Q2 is:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
when the voltage is higher than the threshold voltageWhen the driving voltage is higher than the gate level of the IGBT Q2, the conduction is mistakenly conducted. The diode D3 in the second fault-tolerant circuit is connected between the gate of the IGBT Q2 and the driving resistor RG2And the negative electrode faces the gate level of the IGBT Q2, because of the reverse cut-off characteristic of the diode, the miller current cannot flow through the driving resistor through the diode D3, and the miller current flows downward through the emitter of the transistor T2 in the second fault-tolerant circuit, at this time, because of the miller effect, the potential at the emitter of the transistor T2 is slightly increased, a short circuit is formed between the base and the emitter of the transistor T2, a channel is provided for the miller current to be discharged, the occurrence of a ground voltage spike caused by the miller effect is effectively prevented, and the problem that the ground IGBT Q2 is misconducted due to the miller effect is solved.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the first fault-tolerant circuit includes a diode D2, a transistor T1, and a resistor RB1Resistance RE1Diode D2 positive pole series driving resistor RG1An output pin OUT1 connected with the driving chip IC1 at the back, a negative electrode connected with the gate level of the IGBT Q1, and a resistor RE1One end of the resistor is connected to the driving resistor RG1The other end of the diode D2 is grounded, the emitter of the triode T1 is connected between the cathode of the diode D2 and the gate of the IGBT Q1, and the base is connected with a resistor R in seriesB1Is connected to a resistor RE1And the collector is grounded.
The working principle of the fault-tolerant circuit is the same as that of the second fault-tolerant circuit, when the lower bridge IGBT Q2 is switched on, the upper bridge IGBT Q1 generates a transient voltage change dVce1/dt, and an induced current is generated at the Miller capacitor Ccg 1. The cathode of the diode D2 is connected to the gate of the IGBT Q1, and the miller current Icg1 cannot flow through the driving resistor R due to the reverse blocking characteristic of the diodeG1It will be discharged through the transistor T1, and it will go to ground through the base and collector of the transistor T1, effectively preventing the miller current from generating ground voltage spike, and avoiding the problem of mis-conduction of the IGBT Q1 (the U phase of the three-phase output in fig. 1 to 3 is ground).
The utility model also provides an air conditioner, which comprises a frequency converter arranged in the air conditioner, wherein the frequency converter adopts the power module driving circuit.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model not only avoids the problem of bridge arm direct connection caused by Miller effect through the arrangement of the fault-tolerant circuit, but also replaces the use of an inductor, a capacitor and a power MOSFET and reduces the cost through the circuit composition comprising a resistor, a diode, a triode, a unipolar power supply and the like with low cost. Meanwhile, the utility model utilizes the reverse cut-off characteristic of the diode and the conduction characteristic of the triode, has high working reliability and strong universality, can modify the use positions of the switching tubes, and has the applicable devices of IGBT, MOSFET and the like.
The above examples are intended only to illustrate specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, and these variations and modifications shall fall within the protective scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The power module driving circuit comprises a switch driving circuit and a power supply circuit for supplying power to the switch driving circuit, wherein the switch driving circuit comprises at least one bridge arm formed by serially connecting switch tubes.
2. The power module driver circuit of claim 1, wherein the switch driver circuit comprises series connected IGBT Q1 and IGBT Q2, the fault tolerant circuit comprising a first fault tolerant circuit connected to the gate of IGBT Q1 and a second fault tolerant circuit connected to the gate of IGBT Q2, the second fault tolerant circuit bleeding miller current generated by IGBT Q2 when the IGBT Q1 is turned on; when the IGBT Q2 is turned on, the first fault tolerant circuit bleeds off the miller current generated by the IGBT Q1.
3. The power module driver circuit of claim 2, wherein the power circuit comprises a driver chip IC1, a driver chip IC2, and a single chipA polarity power supply U, the unipolar power supply U is respectively connected to a power supply pin VCC1 of the driving chip IC1 and a power supply pin VCC2 of the driving chip IC2, an output pin OUT1 of the driving chip IC1 is connected in series with a driving resistor RG1And a first fault-tolerant circuit to the gate level of the IGBT Q1, wherein a driving resistor R is connected in series with an output pin OUT2 of the driving chip IC2G2And a second fault-tolerant circuit to the gate level of the IGBT Q2, and a ground pin GND1 of the driving chip IC1 and a ground pin GND2 of the driving chip IC2 are grounded.
4. The power module driving circuit according to claim 3, further comprising a bootstrap circuit connected to the driving chip IC1, wherein the bootstrap circuit includes a diode D1, a capacitor C1, and a voltage regulator Z1, the unipolar power supply U is connected in series with a current-limiting resistor Rlim and then connected to the anode of the diode D1, the cathode of the diode D1 is connected in series with a capacitor C1 and then connected to the collector of the IGBT Q2, the voltage regulator Z1 is connected in parallel to two ends of the capacitor C1, and a power supply pin VCC1 and a ground pin GND1 of the driving chip IC1 are respectively connected to two ends of a capacitor C1.
5. The power module driving circuit according to claim 4, wherein when the IGBT Q2 is turned on, the unipolar power supply U sequentially charges a capacitor C1 through a current limiting resistor Rlin, a diode D1 and an IGBT Q2; when the IGBT Q1 is conducted, the gate of the IGBT Q1 is powered by the capacitor C1, and the voltage regulator tube Z1 clamps the voltage across the capacitor C1.
6. The power module driver circuit of claim 3, wherein the first fault tolerant circuit comprises a diode D2, a transistor T1, a resistor RB1Resistance RE1The anode of the diode D2 is connected in series with a driving resistor RG1An output pin OUT1 connected with a driving chip IC1, a negative electrode connected with a gate level of the IGBT Q1, and the resistor RE1One end of the resistor is connected to the driving resistor RG1The other end of the diode D2 is grounded, the emitter of the triode T1 is connected between the cathode of the diode D2 and the gate of the IGBT Q1, and the base is connected in seriesResistance RB1Is then connected to the resistor RE1And the collector is grounded.
7. The power module driver circuit of claim 3, wherein the second fault tolerant circuit comprises a diode D3, a transistor T2, a resistor RE2Resistance RB2The anode of the diode D3 is connected in series with a driving resistor RG2An output pin OUT2 connected with a driving chip IC2, a negative electrode connected with a gate level of the IGBT Q2, and the resistor RE2One end of the resistor is connected to the driving resistor RG2The other end of the diode D3 is grounded, the emitter of the triode T2 is connected to the base series resistor R between the cathode of the diode D3 and the gate of the IGBT Q2B2Is then connected to the resistor RE2And the collector is grounded.
8. The power module driving circuit of claim 6, wherein when the IGBT Q2 is turned on, a Miller current Icg1 is generated between the collector and the gate of the IGBT Q1, and the Miller current Icg1 flows through the emitter of the transistor T1 and through the base and collector of the transistor T1 to ground.
9. The power module driving circuit of claim 7, wherein when the IGBT Q1 is turned on, a Miller current Icg2 is generated between the collector and the gate of the IGBT Q2, and the Miller current Icg2 flows through the emitter of the transistor T2 and through the base and collector of the transistor T2 to ground.
10. Air conditioner, including locating the converter in the air conditioner inside, characterized in that, the converter adopts the power module drive circuit of any claim 1 to 9.
CN202122290327.5U 2021-09-22 2021-09-22 Power module drive circuit and air conditioner Active CN216312947U (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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