CN218709651U - Composite constructed wetland system for treating farmland drainage - Google Patents
Composite constructed wetland system for treating farmland drainage Download PDFInfo
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- CN218709651U CN218709651U CN202222921467.2U CN202222921467U CN218709651U CN 218709651 U CN218709651 U CN 218709651U CN 202222921467 U CN202222921467 U CN 202222921467U CN 218709651 U CN218709651 U CN 218709651U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a composite constructed wetland system for treating farmland drainage, which relates to the technical field of constructed wetland and comprises a primary filter grid, an adjusting tank, a horizontal undercurrent type constructed wetland system and a horizontal surface current type constructed wetland system which are arranged in sequence along the water flow direction; the horizontal undercurrent type artificial wetland system is sequentially provided with a water inlet area, an organic matter packing layer, an iron-carbon packing layer, a gravel packing layer and a water outlet area along the water flow direction; the water inlet area comprises a water inlet solid wall and a water inlet perforated wall; the water outlet area comprises a water outlet solid wall and a water outlet perforated wall; wetland plants are planted in the horizontal undercurrent type artificial wetland system and the horizontal surface current type artificial wetland system. The utility model discloses utilize the multilayer of packing organic matter, iron carbon, gravel to pack horizontal undercurrent formula constructed wetland system and the combined system of horizontal surface flow formula constructed wetland system, can effectively get rid of pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, pesticide in the farmland drainage, the treatment effect is good, uses nimble portably, and can realize the retrieval and utilization of farmland drainage.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an artificial wetland technical field especially relates to a handle compound artificial wetland system of farmland drainage.
Background
Agricultural non-point source pollution is a difficult problem which is mainly required to be overcome in pollution treatment due to the characteristics of dispersed pollution sources, large space-time difference, difficulty in collecting pollutants and the like. In rural areas, the quality of rural ecological environment is reduced due to non-point source pollution, and the farmland drainage runoff pollution is an important source of rural non-point source pollution and poses great pollution threats to surrounding water bodies such as lakes. Therefore, rational methods should be employed to purify and facilitate the reuse of agricultural runoff. Aiming at agricultural non-point source pollution, the constructed wetland can be applied as a proper eco-friendly technology.
The existing artificial wetland technology has quite limited treatment efficiency on agricultural runoff pollution, and one of the main reasons is that the content of a carbon source which can be utilized by denitrifying microorganisms in farmland drainage is insufficient, so that the denitrification efficiency of the artificial wetland is greatly reduced. And secondly, the conventional artificial wetland substrate has low nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency, higher operation cost and difficult replacement. The removal efficiency of other pollutants such as pesticides and pathogenic bacteria is also in need of further improvement. Meanwhile, the traditional constructed wetland, especially the single wetland, is difficult to deeply purify farmland drainage, cannot store purified water, and is difficult to realize the recycling of the farmland drainage, so that a great deal of waste of water resources and pollution of receiving water are caused.
Therefore, a composite constructed wetland system for treating farmland drainage is urgently needed in the market, and is used for solving the problems.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims at providing a handle compound constructed wetland system of farmland drainage for solve the technical problem that exists among the above-mentioned prior art, set up organic matter packing layer can effectual improvement denitrogenation effect, utilize the effect that iron carbon packing layer can effectual improvement denitrogenation dephosphorization and get rid of pesticide etc. thereby provide treatment effect and retrieval and utilization potentiality to farmland drainage.
In order to achieve the above object, the utility model provides a following scheme:
the utility model discloses a composite constructed wetland system for treating farmland drainage, which comprises a primary filter grid, a regulating tank, a horizontal undercurrent type constructed wetland system and a horizontal surface current type constructed wetland system which are arranged in sequence along the water flow direction;
the horizontal undercurrent type constructed wetland system is sequentially provided with a water inlet area, an organic matter packing layer, an iron-carbon packing layer, a gravel packing layer and a water outlet area along the water flow direction;
the water inlet area comprises a water inlet solid wall and a water inlet perforated wall, and the water inlet perforated wall is closer to the horizontal subsurface flow type constructed wetland system than the water inlet solid wall;
the water outlet area comprises a water outlet solid wall and a water outlet perforated wall, and the water outlet perforated wall is closer to the horizontal subsurface flow type constructed wetland system than the water outlet solid wall;
wetland plants are planted in the horizontal undercurrent type artificial wetland system and the horizontal surface current type artificial wetland system.
Preferably, the primary filter grid comprises a plurality of vertical fences which are distributed at intervals, the distance between every two adjacent vertical fences is 10-20 mm, and the included angle between the primary filter grid and the horizontal plane is 60 degrees.
Preferably, the water inlet perforated wall and the water outlet perforated wall are both provided with a plurality of water through holes,
the sum of the cross-sectional areas of all the limber holes on the water inlet perforated wall is less than 1/4 of the cross-sectional area of the wall body of the water inlet perforated wall;
the sum of the cross-sectional areas of all the limber holes on the water outlet perforated wall is less than 1/4 of the cross-sectional area of the wall body of the water outlet perforated wall.
Preferably, a first double-layer geogrid is arranged between the organic matter filler layer and the iron-carbon filler layer;
a second double-layer geogrid is arranged between the iron-carbon packing layer and the gravel packing layer;
the first double-layer geogrid and the second double-layer geogrid are identical in structure;
the first double-layer geogrid and the second double-layer geogrid respectively comprise two single-layer grids, each single-layer grid is provided with a plurality of grid holes, the diameter of each grid hole is 10-20 mm, and every two adjacent single-layer grids are arranged in a staggered mode.
Preferably, the length of the organic filler layer in the water flow direction is as follows: the length of the iron-carbon filler layer along the water flow direction is as follows: the length of the gravel packing layer along the water flow direction is 0.5-1: 2 to 3:1.
preferably, the heights of the organic matter packing layer, the iron-carbon packing layer and the gravel packing layer are 30-100 cm.
Preferably, the organic matter packing layer comprises straws, and the length of the straws is 50-100 mm;
the iron-carbon filler layer comprises an iron-carbon material, and the particle diameter of the iron-carbon material is 10-30 mm;
the gravel packing layer comprises gravel, and the particle diameter of the gravel is 10-30 mm.
Preferably, the wetland plants planted in the horizontal subsurface flow type artificial wetland system comprise emergent aquatic plants, and the emergent aquatic plants comprise reed or cattail;
wetland plants planted in the horizontal surface flow type artificial wetland system comprise submerged plants, and the submerged plants comprise hornworts, eel grass or hydrilla verticillata.
The utility model discloses for prior art gain following technological effect:
the horizontal undercurrent type constructed wetland system in the utility model consists of an organic matter packing layer, an iron-carbon packing layer and a gravel packing layer, which are sequentially filled in the system along the flow direction of water flow, and has good synchronous removal effect on pollutants such as pesticide, nitrogen, phosphorus, pathogenic bacteria and the like in farmland drainage;
the organic matter filler layer filler provides a carbon source required by growth and denitrification for denitrifying microorganisms;
and the organic filler layer can also isolate the contact of air and the iron-carbon filler layer behind, thereby reducing the oxidation of the iron-carbon filler and prolonging the service life of the iron material. The organic matter filler layer is arranged at the front end of the iron-carbon filler layer, so that the problem of secondary pollution of the organic matters released by the organic matter filler layer is avoided.
Specifically, an iron-carbon material is used as a middle substrate of the horizontal subsurface flow type constructed wetland system, and Fe generated by micro-electrolysis reaction is utilized 2+ And [ H ]]The activity and the reaction level of autotrophic denitrifying bacteria in the horizontal subsurface flow type artificial wetland system are enhanced, the electron transfer efficiency is accelerated, and the phosphorus in water is effectively combined, so that the high-efficiency wetland nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency can be achieved.
Furthermore, the treated farmland drainage water flows into a horizontal surface flow type constructed wetland system, and submerged vegetation in the horizontal surface flow type constructed wetland system and a microenvironment formed by the submerged vegetation can further purify the farmland drainage water, stabilize the water quality and facilitate the subsequent reuse of the purified farmland drainage water;
furthermore, the materials used by the composite artificial wetland system for treating farmland drainage are cheap and easy to obtain, the device is simple to operate, low in operation cost and variable in size, and can be flexibly applied to various occasions; the effluent purified by the composite artificial wetland system can be reused for farmland irrigation, so that the waste of water resources is reduced; the composite constructed wetland system can also take into account the coordination with the surrounding rural environment while purifying the farmland drainage.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a composite constructed wetland system for treating farmland drainage according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1-a primary filter grid, 2-a regulating tank, 3-a horizontal undercurrent type artificial wetland system, 4-a horizontal surface flow type artificial wetland system, 5-a water inlet area, 6-a water outlet area, 7-a water inlet solid wall, 8-a water inlet perforated wall, 9-an organic matter packing layer, 10-a first double-layer geogrid, 11-an iron carbon packing layer, 12-a second double-layer geogrid, 13-a gravel packing layer and 14-a water outlet perforated wall; 15-water outlet solid wall.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The utility model aims at providing a handle compound constructed wetland system of farmland drainage for solve the technical problem that exists among the above-mentioned prior art, set up organic matter packing layer can effectual improvement denitrogenation effect, utilize the effect that iron carbon packing layer can effectual improvement denitrogenation dephosphorization and get rid of pesticide etc. thereby provide treatment effect and retrieval and utilization potentiality to farmland drainage.
In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
The term "wetland" as used herein refers to a surface of similar ponding water present on the surface of the ground, at least partially isolated from the environment, characterized by a high water content, the presence of hygrophilous plants. Artificial wetlands are generally filled with granular materials, which include soil, sand, artificial porous materials, etc., and may be arranged in layers.
The first embodiment,
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a composite constructed wetland system for treating farmland drainage, comprising a primary filter grid 1, an adjusting tank 2, a horizontal subsurface flow type constructed wetland system 3 and a horizontal surface flow type constructed wetland system 4, which are sequentially arranged along the water flow direction (from the upstream to the downstream of the water flow);
the horizontal undercurrent type artificial wetland system 3 is sequentially provided with a water inlet area 5, an organic matter packing layer 9, an iron-carbon packing layer 11, a gravel packing layer 13 and a water outlet area 6 along the water flow direction (from the upstream direction to the downstream direction of the water flow), farmland drainage in the horizontal undercurrent type artificial wetland system 3 flows horizontally, and the specific construction needs to be properly adjusted according to local terrain;
the water inlet area 5 comprises a water inlet solid wall 7 and a water inlet perforated wall 8, and the water inlet perforated wall 8 is closer to the horizontal subsurface flow type artificial wetland system 3 than the water inlet solid wall 7;
the water outlet area 6 comprises a water outlet solid wall 15 and a water outlet perforated wall 14, the water outlet perforated wall 14 is closer to the horizontal subsurface flow type artificial wetland system 3 than the water outlet solid wall 15, and the water inlet area 5 and the water outlet area 6 are used for delaying the retention time of farmland drainage in the horizontal subsurface flow type artificial wetland system 3;
wetland plants are planted in the horizontal subsurface flow type artificial wetland system 3 and the horizontal surface flow type artificial wetland system 4.
During the in-service use, farmland drainage is earlier through primary filter grid 1, carries out a preliminary filtering action, gets rid of the great debris of aquatic volume. The farmland drainage water after passing through the primary filter grid 1 enters the adjusting tank 2, and particles in the water are removed under the sedimentation effect of the adjusting tank 2. The farmland drainage water flowing out of the regulating tank 2 overflows the top of the water inlet solid wall 7 and passes through the water inlet perforated wall 8, then the denitrification effect is improved in the organic matter packing layer 9, effective denitrification and dephosphorization and pesticide removal are carried out in the iron-carbon packing layer 11, and finally further deep purification is carried out in the gravel packing layer 13. Then the farmland drainage flows into the horizontal surface flow type artificial wetland system 4 through the water outlet perforated wall 14 and the water outlet solid wall 15 for further purification, and finally the water in the horizontal surface flow type artificial wetland system 4 is discharged to a required place according to the requirement.
In this embodiment, the primary filter grid 1 comprises a plurality of vertical fences distributed at intervals, the distance between two adjacent vertical fences is 10-20 mm, and large-volume sundries in farmland drainage are filtered by the vertical fences, the primary filter grid 1 is inclined and fixed, and the included angle between the primary filter grid 1 and the horizontal plane is 60 degrees. Of course, the specific size of the primary filter grid 1 can be adjusted by those skilled in the art according to the volume of the impurities in the actual farmland drainage.
In this embodiment, the water inlet perforated wall 8 and the water outlet perforated wall 14 are both provided with a plurality of water through holes, and farmland drainage can pass through the water inlet perforated wall 8 and the water outlet perforated wall 14 through the water through holes;
the sum of the cross-sectional areas of all the limber holes on the water inlet perforated wall 8 is less than 1/4 of the cross-sectional area of the wall body of the water inlet perforated wall 8;
the sum of the cross-sectional areas of all the water through holes on the water outlet perforated wall 14 is less than 1/4 of the cross-sectional area of the wall body of the water outlet perforated wall 14.
In the embodiment, a first double-layer geogrid 10 is arranged between the organic matter filler layer 9 and the iron-carbon filler layer 11;
similarly, a second double-layer geogrid 12 is arranged between the iron-carbon packing layer 11 and the gravel packing layer 13;
the first double-layer geogrid 10 and the second double-layer geogrid 12 are identical in structure;
the first double-layer geogrid 10 and the second double-layer geogrid 12 respectively comprise two single-layer grids, each single-layer grid is provided with a plurality of grid holes, the diameter of each grid hole is 10-20 mm, and two adjacent single-layer grids are arranged in a staggered mode.
In this embodiment, the length of the organic filler layer 9 in the water flow direction: length of iron-carbon filler layer 11 in water flow direction: the length of the gravel packing layer 13 in the water flow direction is 0.5-1: 2 to 3: the length in the water flow direction, i.e., the length in the left-right direction in fig. 1, can be selected according to actual farm drainage treatment needs.
In this embodiment, the height of the organic filler layer 9, the iron-carbon filler layer 11, and the gravel filler layer 13 is 30 to 100cm, and the height here is the length in the vertical direction in fig. 1.
In the embodiment, the organic matter filler layer 9 comprises straws of agricultural wastes to realize waste utilization, plant straws are used as a denitrification organic carbon source, and the content of dissolved oxygen in drainage water is reduced, so that the denitrification effect of the system is enhanced, and the length of the straws is 50-100 mm;
the iron-carbon filler layer 11 comprises an iron-carbon material, the particle diameter of the iron-carbon material is 10-30 mm, the micro-electrolysis reaction of the iron-carbon filler can accelerate the electron transfer efficiency and generate Fe 2+ And [ H ]]Improve the activity and reaction level of autotrophic denitrifying bacteria in the wetland to generate Fe 3+ The compound can effectively combine with phosphorus in the precipitated water, so that the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency of the wetland is remarkably promoted, and the entering organic matters can promote the circulation of iron and reduce the consumption of iron;
the iron-carbon filler is produced by mixing and pulverizing zero-valent iron, activated carbon, metal catalyst, binder and foaming agent in a pulverizer, adding tap water to form a slurry, forming a granular material of 10-30 mm, and introducing N 2 Drying at 105 deg.C for 2h, and introducing N with volume fraction of 50% 2 And 50% CO, preheating at 550 deg.C for 0.5 hr in the absence of oxygen, and introducing 40% H 2 Mixing with 60% CO, baking at 1050 deg.C for 1.5 hr in the absence of oxygen, and naturally cooling;
the gravel packing layer 13 comprises gravel, and the particle diameter of the gravel is 10-30 mm.
In this embodiment, the wetland plants planted in the horizontal subsurface flow type artificial wetland system 3 include emergent aquatic plants, which include reed or cattail, and in addition, emergent aquatic plants such as lotus and calamus;
wetland plants planted in the horizontal surface flow type artificial wetland system 4 comprise submerged plants, the submerged plants comprise golden fish algae, eel grass or hydrilla verticillata, and emergent aquatic plants such as lotus, calamus, reed and the like can be planted in the shore area of the horizontal surface flow type artificial wetland system 4.
The wetland plants in this embodiment include emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants, so as to construct a healthy water ecosystem.
Example II,
The embodiment provides a treatment method of a composite constructed wetland system for treating farmland drainage, which comprises the following steps:
s1, farmland drainage in a ditch passes through a primary filter grid 1, the primary filter grid 1 removes large impurities of water quality, then the farmland drainage enters an adjusting tank 2, precipitation is carried out in the adjusting tank 2 so as to remove particles in water, and then the farmland drainage overflows from the top of a water inlet solid wall 7 and enters an organic matter filler layer 9 in a horizontal undercurrent type artificial wetland system 3 through a water inlet perforated wall 8;
s2, allowing farmland drainage water to enter an organic matter filler layer 9, reducing the content of dissolved oxygen in the drainage water and removing part of nitrogen under the action of a denitrification organic carbon source in the organic matter filler layer 9 by using plant straws as the denitrification organic carbon source;
s3, farmland drainage enters the iron-carbon filler layer 11 after passing through the organic matter filler layer 9, phosphorus and the other part of nitrogen in the farmland drainage are removed under the action of the iron-carbon filler in the iron-carbon filler layer 11, specifically, the micro-electrolysis reaction of the iron-carbon filler can accelerate the electron transfer efficiency and generate Fe 2+ And [ H ]]Improve the activity and reaction level of autotrophic denitrifying bacteria in the wetland to generate Fe 3+ The compound can effectively combine with phosphorus in water, thereby remarkably promoting the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency of the wetland, removing pollutants such as pesticides and the like, and the entering organic matter can promote the circulation of iron and reduce the consumption of iron;
s4, farmland drainage water flows into the gravel packing layer 13 after being treated by the iron-carbon packing layer 11, and pollutants are further removed under the action of gravel in the gravel packing layer 13;
s5, farmland drainage overflows into the horizontal surface flow type artificial wetland system 4 through the water outlet solid wall 15, and the farmland drainage is deeply purified by utilizing the interception function of wetland plant root systems in the horizontal surface flow type artificial wetland system 4 and the degradation function of biological membranes on substrates and roots, so that the water quality is stabilized;
s6, finally irrigating the farmland by water in the horizontal surface flow type constructed wetland system 4 in a backflow mode to form a complete farmland drainage recycling system; or into the external environment, and transported to the appropriate location as needed.
Through experimental determination, the system can treat 20mg/LNO in farmland drainage under the condition that the hydraulic retention time is 12h 3 The removal rate of N is more than 84%, the removal rate of total nitrogen is more than 70%, the removal rate of total phosphorus of 2mg/L is more than 92%, the removal rate of 40mg/LCOD is more than 78%, and the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen of 5mg/L is more than 74%.
In the experiment, plant straws and iron-carbon fillers are adopted to provide electrons required by microorganisms for reducing nitrate nitrogen, and the iron-carbon fillers are adopted as phosphorus adsorption precipitants, so that substances are consumed after the artificial wetland runs for a long time, and the surfaces of the iron-carbon fillers are passivated, so that the sewage purification efficiency of the wetland is reduced. Therefore, in the utility model, the water in the water outlet area 6 needs to be regularly monitored, and when the dephosphorization effect is not up to the standard in the water quality monitoring, the iron-carbon packing layer 11 can be replaced; when the denitrification effect is reduced in the water quality monitoring process, the organic filler layer 9 can be replaced. When the filler is replaced, the part to be replaced is directly dug out and filled with new filler. The old filler can be treated, so that secondary pollution to the environment is avoided.
The principle and the implementation mode of the present invention are explained by applying specific examples in the present specification, and the above descriptions of the examples are only used to help understanding the method and the core idea of the present invention; meanwhile, for those skilled in the art, the idea of the present invention may be changed in the specific embodiments and the application range. In summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A composite artificial wetland system for treating farmland drainage is characterized by comprising a primary filter grid, a regulating tank, a horizontal undercurrent type artificial wetland system and a horizontal surface current type artificial wetland system which are sequentially arranged along the water flow direction;
the horizontal undercurrent type constructed wetland system is sequentially provided with a water inlet area, an organic matter packing layer, an iron-carbon packing layer, a gravel packing layer and a water outlet area along the water flow direction;
the water inlet area comprises a water inlet solid wall and a water inlet perforated wall, and the water inlet perforated wall is closer to the horizontal subsurface flow type constructed wetland system than the water inlet solid wall;
the water outlet area comprises a water outlet solid wall and a water outlet perforated wall, and the water outlet perforated wall is closer to the horizontal subsurface flow type constructed wetland system than the water outlet solid wall;
wetland plants are planted in the horizontal undercurrent type artificial wetland system and the horizontal surface current type artificial wetland system.
2. The composite constructed wetland system for treating farmland drainage according to claim 1, wherein the primary filter grid comprises a plurality of vertical fences, the vertical fences are distributed at intervals, the distance between two adjacent vertical fences is 10-20 mm, and an included angle between the primary filter grid and the horizontal plane is 60 degrees.
3. The complex constructed wetland system for treating farmland drainage according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of water through holes are formed on each of the water inlet perforated wall and the water outlet perforated wall,
the sum of the cross-sectional areas of all the limber holes on the water inlet perforated wall is less than 1/4 of the cross-sectional area of the wall body of the water inlet perforated wall;
the sum of the cross-sectional areas of all the limbers on the water outlet perforated wall is less than 1/4 of the cross-sectional area of the wall body of the water outlet perforated wall.
4. The composite constructed wetland system for treating farmland drainage according to claim 1, wherein a first double-layer geogrid is arranged between the organic matter filler layer and the iron-carbon filler layer;
a second double-layer geogrid is arranged between the iron-carbon packing layer and the gravel packing layer;
the first double-layer geogrid and the second double-layer geogrid are identical in structure;
the first double-layer geogrid and the second double-layer geogrid respectively comprise two single-layer grids, each single-layer grid is provided with a plurality of grid holes, the diameter of each grid hole is 10-20 mm, and every two adjacent single-layer grids are arranged in a staggered mode.
5. The composite constructed wetland system for treating farmland drainage of claim 1, wherein the length of the organic filler layer in the water flow direction is as follows: the length of the iron-carbon filler layer along the water flow direction is as follows: the length of the gravel packing layer along the water flow direction is 0.5-1: 2 to 3:1.
6. the composite constructed wetland system for treating farmland drainage according to claim 1, wherein the height of the organic matter packing layer, the iron-carbon packing layer and the gravel packing layer is 30-100 cm.
7. The composite constructed wetland system for treating farmland drainage according to claim 1, wherein the organic matter filler layer comprises straws, and the length of the straws is 50-100 mm;
the iron-carbon filler layer comprises an iron-carbon material, and the particle diameter of the iron-carbon material is 10-30 mm;
the gravel packing layer comprises gravel, and the particle diameter of the gravel is 10-30 mm.
8. The complex constructed wetland system of claim 1 wherein the wetland plants planted in the horizontal subsurface constructed wetland system comprise emergent aquatic plants comprising reed or cattail;
wetland plants planted in the horizontal surface flow type artificial wetland system comprise submerged plants, and the submerged plants comprise hornworts, eel grass or hydrilla verticillata.
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