CN218620506U - Simple anti-blocking constructed wetland based on floating matrix - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a simple anti-blocking constructed wetland based on a floating matrix, which comprises a bed body, wherein the bed body is sequentially divided into an upper bed body and a lower bed body from top to bottom; the upper end of the upper bed body is not lower than the water surface, soil is filled in the upper bed body and green plants are planted in the upper bed body, and a through hole facilitating the root of the green plants to enter the lower bed body is formed between the upper bed body and the lower bed body; the lower bed body is positioned under water and is internally filled with a plurality of floating matrixes, the filling thickness of the floating matrixes is smaller than the height of an inner cavity of the lower bed body, and at least two opposite surfaces of the lower bed body are provided with water passing through holes; the floating substrate floats upwards under the action of buoyancy, so that a flushing channel is formed at the upper part of the inner bottom surface of the lower bed body. The utility model relates to an ingenious, simple structure can solve the jam problem that long-term operation appears when artificial wetland handles little pollution or middle polluted water.

Description

Simple anti-blocking constructed wetland based on floating matrix

Technical Field

The utility model relates to an environmental protection field specifically says to a simple and easy anti-blocking constructed wetland based on float matrix.

Background

The constructed wetland has good application prospect due to the advantages of high efficiency, low energy consumption, low investment, low operation cost and low maintenance required level when treating micro-polluted or even moderately polluted water bodies, but the technology meets huge resistance to further popularization in China due to the blockage problem after long-time operation in practical engineering. Therefore, the problem of blockage of the artificial wetland is solved, the stable operation of the artificial wetland system is ensured, and the technology is a precondition for popularization.

In terms of structure, the artificial wetland mainly comprises an artificial wetland bed body, a substrate, plants and the like. In terms of mechanism, after wastewater containing pollutants enters the artificial wetland, in the process that the sewage flows along a certain direction, the pollutant in the sewage is removed by mainly utilizing the physical, chemical and biological synergistic effects of soil, artificial media, plants and microorganisms. The action mechanism of the plant nutrient solution comprises the actions of adsorption, detention, filtration, oxidation reduction, precipitation, microbial decomposition, transformation, plant shielding, residue accumulation, transpiration moisture and nutrient absorption and various animals. After the constructed wetland is built and put into use, because the flow rate of the sewage is different, the amount of suspended pollutants contained in the sewage is different, and the pollutants in the substrate are accumulated to form blockage. In addition, after the artificial wetland is used for a long time, microorganisms are propagated in a large quantity, and the secretion of the microorganisms binds fine particles in the sewage together, so that the blockage of the matrix can be further aggravated, and the normal use of the whole artificial wetland is influenced. According to the experience at home and abroad, the constructed wetland usually can be blocked after 3-5 years of operation, so that the constructed wetland cannot be used. In summary, the reasons for the blockage of the constructed wetland mainly include: 1) During the operation process, suspended particles in the sewage are gradually deposited on the substrate, and after a certain amount of suspended particles are accumulated, blockage can be formed; 2) The microorganisms biodegrade the pollutants in the sewage, the microorganisms multiply in large quantity, and extracellular compounds secreted by the microorganisms, aged dead microorganisms, rotten plant roots and substrates are combined together to form blockage.

The retrieval shows that the invention with the publication number of CN1970473A discloses a eutrophic water body dual-flow-state anti-blocking constructed wetland system, and the scheme is that the anti-blocking of the constructed wetland is realized by different water flow forms and the arrangement of a sludge collection unit; the invention with publication number CN114702139A discloses an anti-blocking type constructed wetland, which realizes the anti-blocking of the constructed wetland by designing a wetland bin and cleaning periodically; the modularized artificial wetland with the publication number of CN107459139A is characterized in that a corrugated water inlet groove is arranged to be communicated with a wetland cylinder, and the wetland cylinder is provided with a first water seepage layer, a second water seepage layer, a filtering and adsorbing layer and a plant layer, so that particles in sewage are settled when the sewage passes through the wetland cylinder from bottom to top, filtered to the bottom of the wetland cylinder and discharged through a sludge outlet end, and the anti-blocking of the artificial wetland is realized. However, the eutrophic water body dual-flow-state anti-blocking constructed wetland system can only solve the constructed wetland blocking caused by sludge sedimentation, but has no effect on the blocking formed by adhesion of microorganism breeding secretion; the anti-blocking type constructed wetland needs a complex cleaning system, so that the investment and operation cost are high; and the whole filter layer needs to be supported after the multi-layer filter layers are arranged in 'a modular constructed wetland', the investment cost is high, and the possibility of blockage caused by adhesion of microorganism breeding secretion still exists in the upper layer. Therefore, the artificial wetland disclosed above has the disadvantages of incomplete blockage, complex structural accessories or high operation cost.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

Therefore, in order to solve the above-mentioned not enough, the utility model provides a design benefit, simple structure's simple and easy anti-blocking constructed wetland based on float matrix herein, can solve the jam problem that long-term operation appears during artificial wetland handles little pollution or middle polluted water body.

Specifically, the simple anti-blocking constructed wetland based on the floating matrix comprises a bed body, wherein the bed body is sequentially divided into an upper bed body and a lower bed body from top to bottom;

the upper end of the upper bed body is not lower than the water surface, soil is filled in the upper bed body and green plants are planted in the upper bed body, and a through hole facilitating the root of the green plants to enter the lower bed body is formed between the upper bed body and the lower bed body;

the lower bed body is positioned under water, a plurality of floating substrates are filled in the lower bed body, the filling thickness of the floating substrates is less than the height of an inner cavity of the lower bed body, and at least two opposite surfaces of the lower bed body are provided with water passing through holes;

the floating substrate floats upwards under the action of buoyancy, so that a flushing channel is formed at the upper part of the inner bottom surface of the lower bed body. The floating substrate floating on the lower bed body can form a grid shape, and the uniform distribution of inlet water can be realized; wherein the upper layer of the green plant planting layer of the upper bed body of the artificial wetland and the height left after the floating substrate is connected to float are not permeable to water.

The working principle of the artificial wetland is that when waste water (such as agricultural waste water) flows through the simple anti-blocking artificial wetland, water enters through a water inlet surface at first, then pollutants in the waste water are removed through the floating matrix in the artificial wetland bed body mainly through the absorption of green plant root systems, microorganisms massively propagated on the floating matrix and the synergistic effect of plants and microorganisms, and finally water is discharged through a water outlet surface.

Preferably, the floating substrate is provided with a plurality of through-holes for filling, the setting can improve the reproduction of microorganisms, green plants are planted in the growth process, the root system passes through the through-hole at the bottom of the upper bed body and enters the lower bed body, and partial roots of plants can enter the through-hole of the floating substrate, so that the root system is better combined with the floating substrate, the reproduction of the microorganisms is facilitated, more microorganisms are contacted with wastewater, and the wastewater treatment capacity can be improved.

In order to better carry out dismouting operation to floating the matrix, float the matrix with the form of cluster fill in the lower bed body, this setting makes things convenient for the dismouting of staff in batches to can not influence the showy of floating the matrix. Because the conventional floating matrix is an independent block and has small volume, when workers disassemble and assemble the floating matrix in a downward bed body, the floating matrix is easy to scatter everywhere, especially when the workers sample the substances of the lower bed body or disassemble the bed body, the floating matrix is easy to scatter and is inconvenient for the workers to collect, and if the lost floating matrix cannot be collected, the environment pollution is easy to cause (because the floating matrix is made of materials which are not easy to degrade).

The utility model has the advantages of as follows:

the utility model relates to a rationally, simple structure can solve the jam problem that long-term operation appears when constructed wetland handles little pollution or middle polluted water, has solved the jam problem that ordinary constructed wetland long-term operation appears, and can not obviously increase investment operation cost, and has easily operation, operation management convenience and the effectual advantage of view. The constructed wetland is layered, the lower layer adopts the floating substrate which is not fully filled, the substrate still floats in the wastewater in the practical use and is similar to the existing constructed wetland, and the space left below the substrate after floating can provide a channel for the blockage, thereby preventing the blockage. In addition, use the jam condition to appear more than 10 promptly, mention the bed body, float the matrix and also make things convenient for the filler to take out and change or wash with the form filling design of string, avoided traditional constructed wetland excavation to put the waste time and energy of thing.

A floating matrix is reasonably designed, and floats upwards under the action of buoyancy, so that a flushing channel is formed at the upper part of the inner bottom surface of the lower bed body; the utility model discloses when the operation, float the matrix and float in waste water, following formation washes the passageway that washes that the passageway just can become particulate matter in the rivers, the dead microorganism aggregate of ageing, realizes washing under particulate matter, the dead microorganism aggregate hydraulic action of ageing in the rivers, realizes preventing stifled of realizing constructed wetland under the condition that does not obviously increase the investment cost, provides a cheap, stable processing apparatus for non-point source pollution control from now on.

In addition, the utility model forms a water flow channel at the bottom of the lower layer of the wetland bed after floating the floating substrate which is not fully filled to the top of the lower layer, and the substrate gap can allow water flow to pass well, thereby ensuring that the simple anti-blocking constructed wetland can not be blocked; the floating substrate has a large specific surface area and can provide a large attachment area for the growth and the propagation of microorganisms, and the floating substrate floats to the top of the lower layer and then is tightly combined with the root system of the upper plant to form a good synergistic pollutant removal effect in sewage, so that the simple anti-blocking constructed wetland is ensured to have a good pollutant removal effect; the aggregate formed after the microorganisms on the surface of the floating matrix are aged and dead is deposited at the bottom of the simple anti-blocking constructed wetland and can be taken away along with water flow, and the simple anti-blocking constructed wetland is also ensured not to be blocked due to the accumulation of the microorganism aggregate. Thus, the present invention has the advantages of complete blockage resolution, no need of adding complicated structural accessories and no higher operation cost compared with the prior invention.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional structure view of the use state of the simple anti-blocking constructed wetland based on the floating matrix in the first embodiment;

fig. 2 is a schematic front view illustrating a use state of the simple anti-blocking constructed wetland based on a floating matrix according to a first embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a structural view of the bed body according to the first embodiment;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a bed in a disassembled state according to the first embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a schematic top view of a bed according to an embodiment;

FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of the floating substrate in series according to one embodiment;

FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of the plant root system entering a floating substrate;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the bed structure according to the second embodiment.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings 1-8, wherein the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

The first embodiment is as follows:

as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the simple anti-blocking constructed wetland based on the floating matrix comprises a bed body, wherein the bed body is divided into an upper bed body 100 and a lower bed body 200 from top to bottom in sequence;

the upper end of the upper bed body 100 is not lower than the water surface (the reason for placing is that the water quality is mainly purified through the lower bed body, and the water surface fluctuates in a certain range on the outer wall of the upper bed body, as shown in fig. 1, as long as water does not enter the soil from the upper end of the upper bed body), is filled with soil 400 and is planted with green plants, and a through hole 103 for facilitating the root of the green plants to enter the lower bed body is formed between the upper bed body 100 and the lower bed body 200;

the lower bed body is positioned under water and is internally filled with a plurality of floating matrixes 300, the filling thickness of the floating matrixes is less than the height of an inner cavity of the lower bed body, and at least two opposite surfaces of the lower bed body are provided with water passing through holes;

the floating substrate floats upwards under the action of buoyancy, so that a flushing channel is formed at the upper part of the inner bottom surface of the lower bed body.

In this embodiment, the floating substrate 300 has a plurality of through-holes 301 for filling, which can improve the reproduction of microorganisms, and during the growth of green plants, the root system passes through the through-holes at the bottom of the upper bed body and enters the lower bed body, and part of the roots of the plants enter the through-holes of the floating substrate, so that the root system and the floating substrate are better combined (as shown in fig. 1 and 7), which is beneficial to the reproduction of microorganisms, and more microorganisms are in contact with the wastewater, thus improving the wastewater treatment capacity.

As shown in fig. 6, in this embodiment, the floating substrates 300 are packed in the lower bed body in a string form, and the floating substrates 300 are connected by a light string 600; make things convenient for the staff to follow the dismouting in the bed body with floating matrix in batches.

Meanwhile, in order to better maintain the distance between the adjacent floating substrates, the floating substrates 300 are fixed on the string 600 by means of bonding or knotting, and after the adjacent floating substrates have enough distance, channels (as shown in fig. 1 and 6) can be formed through the distance, so that water passing is facilitated, the water purifying capacity of microorganisms is improved, and the anti-blocking capacity of the whole constructed wetland is improved.

As shown in fig. 3-5, in this embodiment, the bed is split,

wherein the upper bed body 100 is provided with a planting accommodating cavity 101 with an upper opening, and the bottom of the upper bed body is provided with a plurality of through holes 103;

the lower bed body 200 is provided with a packing cavity with an upper opening, and water passing through holes 201 are formed in two opposite surfaces or four surfaces.

In this embodiment, the bottom of the upper bed 100 has an upper clamping portion 102, the upper of the lower bed 200 has a lower clamping portion 202, and the upper clamping portion 102 and the lower clamping portion 202 are matched, so as to facilitate the combination of the upper bed 100 and the lower bed 200.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the upper engaging portion 102 is a cylinder, and the lower engaging portion 202 is a groove matching with the cylinder. And the cylindrical end is tapered. This setting can make things convenient for during the cylinder inserts the recess, realizes quick location and equipment.

Or the upper clamping part is a flange formed at the bottom of the upper bed body, and the lower clamping part is a groove matched with the flange.

When the simple anti-blocking constructed wetland is used, when agricultural wastewater flows through the simple anti-blocking constructed wetland, water enters through a water inlet surface, then pollutants in the wastewater are removed through a floating matrix in a bed body of the constructed wetland mainly through the absorption of green plant root systems, microorganisms massively propagated on the floating matrix and the synergistic effect of plants and the microorganisms, and finally water is discharged through a water outlet surface; meanwhile, in the process, the floating matrix floats in the wastewater, and the washing channel formed below can be used as a washing channel for the particulate matters and the aged and dead microorganism aggregates in the water flow, so that the washing of the particulate matters and the aged and dead microorganism aggregates in the water flow under the hydraulic action is realized, the anti-blocking of the artificial wetland is realized under the condition of not obviously increasing the investment cost, and a cheap and stable treatment device is provided for the non-point source pollution prevention and treatment in the future.

In this example, the size of the lower bed is 550 × 350 × 400 mm, wherein the floating substrate is filled to a height of 300 mm, then the upper bed of 550 × 350 × 100 mm is installed above the lower bed and filled with local soil, and the planted drogue grasses are placed in the agricultural ditches, and 100 simple anti-blocking constructed wetlands are placed in total. After 3 months of operation, the roots of the cymbopogon flexuosus are stretched into the floating matrix by about 100 mm and strung on the roots, and the removal effects of the simple anti-blocking constructed wetland on COD, TN and TP in the non-point source pollution at different times after stable operation are shown in table 1; the water passing capacity of the simple anti-blocking constructed wetland is not reduced after the operation for 2 years.

Therefore, the simple anti-blocking constructed wetland based on the floating matrix disclosed by the embodiment floats to the top of the lower layer by utilizing the floating matrix which is not fully filled, a water flow channel is formed at the bottom of the lower layer of the wetland bed, and the matrix gap can allow water to better pass through, so that the simple anti-blocking constructed wetland is ensured not to be blocked; the floating substrate has a large specific surface area and can provide a large attachment area for the growth and the propagation of microorganisms, and the floating substrate floats to the top of the lower layer and then is tightly combined with the root system of the upper plant to form a good synergistic pollutant removal effect in sewage, so that the simple anti-blocking constructed wetland is ensured to have a good pollutant removal effect; the aggregation formed after the microbes on the surface of the floating substrate age and die deposits on the bottom of the simple anti-blocking constructed wetland and can be taken away along with water flow, and the simple anti-blocking constructed wetland is also ensured not to be blocked due to the accumulation of the microbe aggregation.

Example two:

as shown in fig. 8, the embodiment is improved on the basis of the first embodiment, and the floating matrix is arranged on the lower bed body in a drawer mode.

As shown in fig. 8, a side hole is opened on one side of the lower bed body 200, and the stuffing box 700 installed in a drawing manner is installed through the side hole, and is used for placing floating matrix, and the floating matrix can be installed in the stuffing box in a string manner, and also can be placed in the stuffing box independently, so that the floating matrix can be taken out conveniently to be replaced or cleaned, and the time and labor waste of the surface excavation of the traditional artificial wetland are avoided. And the mode of use and principle of this embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment.

Example three: in some embodiments, the bed body may be a monolithic type, and when a monolithic type bed body is adopted, the bed body is opened, and a partition plate with a through hole is installed in the middle of the bed body, so that the bed body is divided into an upper bed body and a lower bed body through the partition plate. The inner wall of the bed body is provided with a convex block for installing the clapboard.

The manner of use and the principle of this embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment.

Example four:

in the embodiment, a plurality of artificial wetlands disclosed in the first embodiment, the second embodiment or the third embodiment are spliced and combined randomly to form an artificial wetland with a larger scale so as to treat large-area wastewater; thereby improving the treatment capacity of the whole wastewater; the principle of wastewater treatment in this example is the same as in the first example.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a simple and easy anti-blocking constructed wetland based on float matrix which characterized in that: comprises a bed body which is divided into an upper bed body and a lower bed body from top to bottom in sequence;

the upper end of the upper bed body is not lower than the water surface, soil is filled in the upper bed body and green plants are planted in the upper bed body, and a through hole facilitating the root of the green plants to enter the lower bed body is formed between the upper bed body and the lower bed body;

the lower bed body is positioned under water and is internally filled with a plurality of floating matrixes, the filling thickness of the floating matrixes is smaller than the height of an inner cavity of the lower bed body, and at least two opposite surfaces of the lower bed body are provided with water passing through holes;

the floating substrate floats upwards under the action of buoyancy, so that a flushing channel is formed at the upper part of the inner bottom surface of the lower bed body.

2. The simple anti-blocking constructed wetland based on the floating matrix is characterized in that: the floating matrix has a plurality of through-filler holes.

3. The simple anti-blocking constructed wetland based on the floating matrix is characterized in that: the floating matrix is packed in the lower bed body in a string form.

4. The simple anti-blocking constructed wetland based on the floating matrix as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the bed body is of a split type,

wherein the upper bed body is provided with a planting accommodating cavity with an upper opening, and the bottom of the upper bed body is provided with a plurality of through holes;

the lower bed body is provided with a packing cavity with an upper opening, and water passing through holes are formed in two opposite surfaces or four surfaces.

5. The simple anti-blocking constructed wetland based on the floating matrix is characterized in that: the bottom of going up the bed body has last block portion, the upper portion of bed body has lower block portion down, goes up block portion and lower block portion and matches, is convenient for go up the combination of bed body and bed body down.

6. The simple anti-blocking constructed wetland based on the floating matrix is characterized in that: the upper clamping part is a cylinder, and the lower clamping part is a groove matched with the cylinder.

7. The simple anti-blocking constructed wetland based on the floating matrix is characterized in that: the upper clamping part is a flange formed at the bottom of the upper bed body, and the lower clamping part is a groove matched with the flange.

8. The simple anti-blocking constructed wetland based on the floating matrix as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the bed body is of an integral type,

the bed body is provided with an opening, a partition plate with a through hole is arranged in the middle of the bed body, and the bed body is divided into an upper bed body and a lower bed body through the partition plate.

9. The simple anti-blocking constructed wetland based on the floating matrix is characterized in that: the floating substrate is arranged on the lower bed body in a drawer mode.

10. The simple anti-blocking constructed wetland based on the floating matrix as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, is characterized in that: the plurality of constructed wetlands can be spliced and combined at will.

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