CN218482661U - Prevent that power joins conversely protection circuit and electrical equipment - Google Patents
Prevent that power joins conversely protection circuit and electrical equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN218482661U CN218482661U CN202222918576.9U CN202222918576U CN218482661U CN 218482661 U CN218482661 U CN 218482661U CN 202222918576 U CN202222918576 U CN 202222918576U CN 218482661 U CN218482661 U CN 218482661U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a technical field of power output protection especially relates to a prevent that power joins conversely protection circuit and electrical equipment. The power supply comprises a power supply output end, a first turn-off module, a second turn-off module and a load input end; the first turn-off module comprises a first MOS tube, wherein a source electrode and a grid electrode of the first MOS tube are connected with a power supply anode, a drain electrode of the first MOS tube is connected with a load input end anode, and the connection of the power supply anode and the load input end anode is turned off when the power supply anode outputs a low level; the second turn-off module comprises a second MOS tube and a first triode, wherein a source electrode and a drain electrode of the second MOS tube are respectively connected with a negative electrode of a power supply and a negative electrode of a load input, a grid electrode of the second MOS tube is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply, a base electrode of the first triode is connected with a positive electrode of the power supply, and an emitting electrode and a collecting electrode of the second MOS tube are respectively connected with the grid electrode and a ground wire of the second MOS tube. The circuit structure has low cost, simple structure and high reliability, and can reliably and effectively realize the function of preventing the reverse connection of the direct-current power supply.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a technical field of power output protection especially relates to a prevent that power joins conversely protection circuit and electrical equipment.
Background
With the development of society, the types and the number of electric appliances are increasing, and when a direct current electric appliance is used, due to operation problems, the situation that a power plug is reversely connected may occur, and when the positive electrode and the negative electrode of a power supply are reversely connected, electric and electronic elements with power supply polarity requirements, such as a transistor, an integrated block, an electrolytic capacitor and the like, are burnt out. However, the electrical appliance cannot work or works abnormally due to the fact that the power supply polarities are opposite, and even more, the electrical appliance and the power supply can be endangered due to the fact that the direct current power supply is connected reversely, for example, the battery and the charger are connected reversely, currents are extremely large, the electrical appliance and the power supply can be damaged, and even a person is injured or a fire is caught.
Therefore, in order to avoid the above situation, a reverse connection prevention circuit is generally required to be arranged in a circuit of the electrical equipment to avoid the situation, at present, the types of the reverse connection prevention circuits in the market are different, and the current general reverse connection prevention circuit is generally only used for disconnecting the positive electrode, so that the mode is easy to have insufficient reliability, and a certain reverse connection risk still exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model discloses a solve the technical problem who causes electrical equipment to damage easily when using DC power supply's electrical equipment at present power transposition, provide one kind and prevent power transposition protection circuit and electrical equipment.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme of the utility model as follows:
a power reverse connection prevention protection circuit comprises a power output end, a first turn-off module, a second turn-off module and a load input end; the power output end comprises a power anode and a power cathode, and the load input end comprises a load input anode and a load input cathode; the first turn-off module comprises a first MOS tube, wherein a source electrode and a grid electrode of the first MOS tube are connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, a drain electrode of the first MOS tube is connected with the positive electrode of the load input end, and the connection of the positive electrode of the power supply and the positive electrode of the load input end is turned off when the positive electrode of the power supply outputs a low level; the second turn-off module comprises a second MOS tube and a first triode, wherein a source electrode and a drain electrode of the second MOS tube are respectively connected with the negative electrode of the power supply and the negative electrode of the load input, a grid electrode of the second MOS tube is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply, a base electrode of the first triode is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, and an emitting electrode and a collecting electrode of the first triode are respectively connected with the grid electrode and the ground wire of the second MOS tube.
Further, the first MOS transistor is an NMOS transistor.
Furthermore, the second MOS transistor is a PMOS transistor.
Further, the first triode is a PNP type triode.
Furthermore, a first current limiting resistor is connected between the grid electrode of the first MOS tube and the positive electrode of the power supply in series, and a second current limiting resistor is connected between the grid electrode of the second MOS tube and the negative electrode of the power supply in series.
Further, the first current limiting resistor and the second current limiting resistor are resistor elements of 47k Ω standard.
Furthermore, a third current limiting resistor is connected in series between the grid electrode of the second MOS tube and the emitter electrode of the first triode, and a fourth current limiting resistor is arranged between the negative electrode of the power supply and the base electrode of the first triode.
Further, the first MOS transistor is an MOS transistor of the model number PNM523T201E 0; the second MOS transistor is an MOS transistor of a model CJ 2301.
Further, the first triode is a triode with the model 3906.
The utility model also provides an electrical equipment, including foretell prevent that the power joins conversely protection circuit.
The utility model discloses a between positive power and load input positive, set up between power negative pole and the load input negative pole and turn-off the module, this turn-off module can keep normally open state when normal wiring, and when the reversal appears, thereby turn-off the module because the level of control end changes, thereby adjust for the input of turn-off state disconnection power positive negative pole respectively, thereby the power reversal effect of preventing of positive negative pole pair turn-offs has been played, this circuit structure is with low costs, moreover, the steam generator is simple in structure, high reliability, can be reliable effectual realization direct current power supply prevents the function of turning on the contrary.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit block diagram of a power reverse connection prevention protection circuit in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a circuit structure diagram of the protection circuit for preventing the reverse connection of the power supply in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a partial circuit diagram of a second turn-off module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein:
the first shutdown module is 10 and the second shutdown module is 20.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings so that the advantages and features of the present application will be more readily understood by those skilled in the art, and the scope of the present application will be more clearly defined.
Referring to the drawings, wherein like reference numbers refer to like elements, the principles of the present application are illustrated as being implemented in a suitable computing environment. The following description is based on illustrated embodiments of the application and should not be taken as limiting the application with respect to other embodiments that are not detailed herein.
The term "module" as used herein may be a software or hardware object that executes on the computing system. The different components, modules, engines, and services described herein may be implementation objects on the computing system. The apparatus and method described herein may be implemented in software, but may also be implemented in hardware, and are within the scope of the present application.
Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the application. The appearances of the phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by one skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; may be mechanically connected, may be electrically connected or may be in communication with each other; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as the case may be.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1-3, fig. 1 is a circuit block diagram of the protection circuit for preventing power source reverse connection in the present embodiment; fig. 2 is a circuit configuration diagram showing the power reverse connection prevention protection circuit in the present embodiment; fig. 3 shows a partial circuit diagram of the second shutdown module in the present embodiment.
The embodiment provides a power reverse connection prevention protection circuit, which is mainly arranged at a power access port and used for switching off the communication between the power access port and a rear-end load input port when a power supply is reversely connected, so that the situation of preventing the reverse connection of a direct-current power supply is achieved.
Specifically, the power reverse connection prevention protection circuit of this embodiment specifically includes power output end, first turn-off module 10, second turn-off module 20 and load input end, wherein, power output end and power access mouth directly communicate for insert dc power supply, power output end is used for docking dc power supply's both ends promptly, power output end specifically includes power positive pole and power negative pole, power positive pole is used for being connected with dc power supply's positive pole, the power negative pole is used for being connected with dc power supply's negative pole. When the direct current power supply is in a reverse connection state, namely the positive pole and the negative pole of the direct current power supply are reversed, the positive pole of the direct current power supply is connected to the negative pole of the power supply output end, and the negative pole of the direct current power supply is connected to the positive pole of the power supply output end.
For this purpose, the first and second shutdown modules 10 and 20 are disposed between the power output and the load, and are configured to shut down when the dc power supply is reversely connected, so as to shut down the communication between the power output and the load. The load input end is the end of the load connected with the power output end, and the power is input to the load. Similarly, the load input terminal includes a load input positive terminal and a load input negative terminal.
In addition, the positive pole of the dc power supply is connected to the input terminal of the first shutdown module 10, the output terminal of the first shutdown module 10 is in butt joint with the positive pole of the load input, the negative pole of the dc power supply is connected to the input terminal of the second shutdown module 20, and the output terminal of the second shutdown module 20 is in butt joint with the negative pole of the load input.
More specifically, in this embodiment, the first turn-off module 10 specifically includes a first MOS transistor Q1, all of which are referred to as metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistors, abbreviated as MOSFETs in english, and the MOS transistor is a power semiconductor device commonly used in electronic circuits, can be used as an electronic switch, a controllable rectifier, and the like, and is a voltage-driven device. In this embodiment, the first MOS transistor Q1 is mainly used as an electronic switch, a source and a gate of the first MOS transistor Q1 are connected to a positive power supply, a drain of the first MOS transistor Q1 is connected to a positive load input terminal, and when the positive power supply outputs a low level, the connection between the positive power supply and the positive load input terminal is cut off. The control end of the first MOS tube Q1, namely the grid is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, when the positive electrode of the power supply is normally connected to the positive electrode of the direct-current power supply, the grid of the first MOS tube Q1 is at a high level, the first MOS tube Q1 is conducted, the positive electrode of the power supply and the positive electrode of the load input end are in a conducting state, and the load works normally. When the positive pole of the power supply is in reverse connection and is connected to the negative pole of the direct-current power supply, the grid electrode of the first MOS tube Q1 is at a low level, the first MOS tube Q1 is turned off, the positive pole of the power supply and the positive pole of the input end of the load are in a turned-off state, a current loop cannot be formed inside the load, and the reverse connection influence cannot be caused.
On the other hand, the second turn-off module 20 includes a second MOS transistor Q2 and a first triode Q3, wherein a source and a drain of the second MOS transistor Q2 are respectively connected to a negative electrode of the power supply and a negative electrode of the load input, a gate is connected to the negative electrode of the power supply, a base of the first triode Q3 is connected to a positive electrode of the power supply, and an emitter and a collector are respectively connected to the gate and a ground of the second MOS transistor Q2. When the negative pole of the power supply is normally connected to the negative pole of the direct-current power supply, the base level of the first triode Q3 is at a low level, the first triode Q3 is conducted, the grid electrode of the second MOS tube Q2 is connected with the ground wire through the first triode Q3 and then placed at the low level, the second MOS tube Q2 is conducted, the negative pole of the power supply and the negative pole of the input end of the load are in a conducting state, and the load works normally. When the negative pole of the power supply is reversely connected and the positive pole of the direct-current power supply is connected, the base level of the first triode Q3 is at a high level, the first triode Q3 is cut off, the grid of the second MOS tube Q2 is connected with the negative pole of the power supply and is at the high level, the second MOS tube Q2 is cut off, the negative pole of the power supply and the negative pole of the input end of the load are in a cut-off state, a current loop cannot be formed inside the load, and the situation that the negative pole of the power supply and the negative pole of the input end of the load are influenced by reverse connection is guaranteed.
The power supply reverse connection prevention protection circuit has the advantages that the power supply reverse connection prevention protection circuit is provided with the turn-off module between the positive electrode of the power supply and the positive input electrode of the load and between the negative electrode of the power supply and the negative input electrode of the load, the turn-off module can keep a normally open state during normal wiring, and when reverse connection occurs, the turn-off module is adjusted to a turn-off state due to level change of the control end, so that the input of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power supply are respectively disconnected, and therefore the power supply reverse connection prevention effect of double turn-off of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is achieved.
Example two
The embodiment also provides a power reverse connection prevention protection circuit, which specifically comprises a power output end, a first turn-off module 10, a second turn-off module 20 and a load input end; the power output end comprises a power anode and a power cathode, and the load input end comprises a load input anode and a load input cathode; the first turn-off module 10 comprises a first MOS transistor Q1, wherein a source electrode and a grid electrode of the first MOS transistor Q1 are connected with a positive electrode of a power supply, a drain electrode of the first MOS transistor Q1 is connected with a positive electrode of a load input end, and the positive electrode of the power supply and the positive electrode of the load input end are turned off when the positive electrode of the power supply outputs a low level; the second turn-off module 20 includes a second MOS transistor Q2 and a first triode Q3, the source and drain of the second MOS transistor Q2 are respectively connected to the negative electrode of the power supply and the negative electrode of the load input, the gate is connected to the negative electrode of the power supply, the base of the first triode Q3 is connected to the positive electrode of the power supply, and the emitter and the collector are respectively connected to the gate and the ground of the second MOS transistor Q2.
The difference between the present embodiment and the present embodiment is that the present embodiment also provides some specific embodiments.
Preferably, the first MOS transistor Q1 is an NMOS transistor, and when the output of the positive power supply is a normal high level, the first MOS transistor Q1 is turned on, and the positive power supply and the positive load input terminal are normally connected, if the positive power supply is reversely connected, and the output is a low level, the first MOS transistor Q1 is turned off, and the positive power supply and the positive load input terminal are in an off state, so as to prevent the reversely connected dc power supply from forming a loop.
Also preferably, the second MOS transistor Q2 is a PMOS transistor, and the first transistor Q3 is a PNP transistor. The base electrode of the first triode Q3 is grounded, when the negative electrode of the power supply is connected with the negative electrode of the direct-current power supply, the first triode Q3 is conducted, and the second MOS tube Q2 is conducted. On the contrary, if the negative electrode of the power supply is reversely connected, the first triode Q3 is cut off, and the second MOS tube Q2 is cut off.
More preferably, a first current limiting resistor R1 is connected in series between the gate of the first MOS transistor Q1 and the positive power supply, and a second current limiting resistor R2 is connected in series between the gate of the second MOS transistor Q2 and the negative power supply. Similarly, a third current limiting resistor R3 is connected in series between the gate of the second MOS transistor Q2 and the emitter of the first triode Q3, and a fourth current limiting resistor R4 is provided between the negative electrode of the power supply and the base of the first triode Q3.
For better operation experience, a preferable scheme of the embodiment is provided, wherein the first current limiting resistor R1 and the second current limiting resistor R2 adopt resistor elements with a specification of 47k Ω, and the first MOS transistor Q1 adopts a MOS transistor of a model number PNM523T201E 0; the second MOS transistor Q2 is a MOS transistor of type CJ 2301. The first transistor Q3 is a model 3906 transistor.
Specifically, the specific working principle of the power reverse connection prevention protection circuit in the embodiment is as follows:
referring to fig. 2 and 3, the + electrode is the positive electrode of the power source, and the-electrode is the negative electrode of the power source, i.e. the ground. When the positive pole and the negative pole are connected with a positive power supply, namely the positive pole and the negative pole of the direct current power supply are grounded, the positive and negative poles of the power supply are correct at the moment, the positive and negative poles of the power supply are divided into two paths, one path of voltage is supplied to the source pole of the first MOS tube Q1, the other path of voltage is supplied to the grid electrode of the first MOS tube Q1 through the first current-limiting resistor R1, so that after the first MOS tube Q1 is conducted, the positive voltage flows from the source electrode to the drain electrode of the first MOS tube Q1, and the path of the positive power supply is completed
At the negative pole end, the negative pole voltage, one path of the negative pole voltage is supplied to the source electrode of the second MOS tube Q2, the other path of the negative pole voltage is supplied to the grid electrode of the second MOS tube Q2 through the second current limiting resistor R2, the other path of the negative pole voltage is supplied to the first triode Q3 through the resistor of the fourth current limiting resistor R4, the base electrode of the first triode Q3 is low voltage, and the second MOS tube Q2 is conducted after the grid electrode of the second MOS tube Q2 is pulled down through the third current limiting resistor R3, so that the passage of the negative pole power supply is completed.
When the MOS transistor is reversely connected, namely after the voltages of the positive pole and the negative pole are reversely connected, the source electrode and the grid electrode of the first MOS transistor Q1 are not conducted because of the negative voltage; the base of the first triode Q3 is high voltage at the moment, the first triode Q3 cannot be conducted and the grid of the second MOS tube Q2 cannot be pulled down, so that after the + pole and the-pole are reversely connected, the + pole and the-pole power supply can be disconnected, power cannot be supplied to the rear end, and the protection effect is achieved.
EXAMPLE III
The embodiment provides an electrical equipment, which comprises a power-reversal-preventing protection circuit, a first switch-off module 10, a second switch-off module 20 and a load input end, wherein the power-reversal-preventing protection circuit is used for preventing a load from being damaged after a power supply is reversed and connected; the power output end comprises a power anode and a power cathode, and the load input end comprises a load input anode and a load input cathode; the first turn-off module 10 comprises a first MOS transistor Q1, wherein a source electrode and a grid electrode of the first MOS transistor Q1 are connected with a positive electrode of a power supply, a drain electrode of the first MOS transistor Q1 is connected with a positive electrode of a load input end, and the positive electrode of the power supply and the positive electrode of the load input end are turned off when the positive electrode of the power supply outputs a low level; the second turn-off module 20 includes a second MOS transistor Q2 and a first triode Q3, a source and a drain of the second MOS transistor Q2 are respectively connected to the negative electrode of the power supply and the negative electrode of the load input, a gate is connected to the negative electrode of the power supply, a base of the first triode Q3 is connected to the positive electrode of the power supply, and an emitter and a collector are respectively connected to the gate and the ground of the second MOS transistor Q2.
More specifically, the power reverse connection preventing protection circuit of the present embodiment adopts the power reverse connection preventing protection circuit in the first embodiment or the second embodiment.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. This need not be, nor should it be exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A power reverse connection prevention protection circuit is characterized by comprising a power output end, a first turn-off module, a second turn-off module and a load input end; the power output end comprises a power anode and a power cathode, and the load input end comprises a load input anode and a load input cathode; the first turn-off module comprises a first MOS tube, wherein a source electrode and a grid electrode of the first MOS tube are connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, a drain electrode of the first MOS tube is connected with the positive electrode of the load input end, and the connection of the positive electrode of the power supply and the positive electrode of the load input end is turned off when the positive electrode of the power supply outputs a low level; the second turn-off module comprises a second MOS tube and a first triode, wherein a source electrode and a drain electrode of the second MOS tube are respectively connected with the negative electrode of the power supply and the negative electrode of the load input, a grid electrode of the second MOS tube is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply, a base electrode of the first triode is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, and an emitting electrode and a collecting electrode of the first triode are respectively connected with the grid electrode and the ground wire of the second MOS tube.
2. The protection circuit for preventing reverse connection of power supply of claim 1, wherein the first MOS transistor is an NMOS transistor.
3. The reverse power connection protection circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second MOS transistor is a PMOS transistor.
4. The protection circuit of claim 3, characterized in that the first transistor is a PNP transistor.
5. The protection circuit for preventing power source reversal as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a first current-limiting resistor is connected in series between the grid of the first MOS tube and the positive electrode of the power source, and a second current-limiting resistor is connected in series between the grid of the second MOS tube and the negative electrode of the power source.
6. The protection circuit of claim 5, characterized in that the first current limiting resistor and the second current limiting resistor are resistor elements of 47k Ω specification.
7. The protection circuit for preventing reverse connection of power supply as claimed in any one of claims 1-4, wherein a third current limiting resistor is connected in series between the gate of the second MOS transistor and the emitter of the first triode, and a fourth current limiting resistor is arranged between the negative pole of the power supply and the base of the first triode.
8. The anti-power-source reverse connection protection circuit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first MOS transistor is a MOS transistor of model number PNM523T201E 0; the second MOS tube is a MOS tube with the model CJ 2301.
9. The reverse power connection preventing protection circuit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first triode is a model 3906 triode.
10. An electrical apparatus comprising the reverse power protection circuit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202222918576.9U CN218482661U (en) | 2022-11-02 | 2022-11-02 | Prevent that power joins conversely protection circuit and electrical equipment |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202222918576.9U CN218482661U (en) | 2022-11-02 | 2022-11-02 | Prevent that power joins conversely protection circuit and electrical equipment |
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| CN218482661U true CN218482661U (en) | 2023-02-14 |
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