CN218381145U - Water and soil conservation medium and small-sized root and soil vector detection equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a water and soil conservation middle-size and small-size root soil vector check out test set belongs to and detects technical field in the water and soil conservation, and it includes: the upper cover and the lower cover are arranged up and down and are hinged; the driving assembly is used for driving the non-hinged end of the upper cover to be close to the lower cover to form a closed space or to be far away from the lower cover; the box body is positioned at the lower end of the lower cover and is fixedly connected with the lower cover; the object stage is positioned between the lower cover and the box body and is rotatably connected with the upper end of the box body through a rotating structural part; the propelling component is used for changing the relative angle between the object stage and the box body; the rain shower simulator is arranged on the lower cover; the collecting device comprises a runoff collector and a runoff collecting container, wherein the runoff collector and the runoff collecting container are fixedly arranged on the outer side of the box body. The utility model discloses an arbitrary region soil erosion and water loss degree is simulated to different degree rainfall, the effect of preventing and treating soil erosion and water loss under canopy, root system and the different soil type of better different plants of comparison.

Description

Water and soil conservation medium and small-sized root and soil vector detection equipment

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of detect in the soil and water conservation, concretely relates to medium-size and small-size root soil vector check out test set is kept to soil and water.

Background

The detection of water and soil loss vectors in existing water and soil conservation is generally a large-scale field experiment, and is generally adopted in a laboratory stage:

1. the method for measuring the stain at regular time is characterized in that the stain is used for measuring the field runoff, the downward seepage and the silt quantity by estimating the time of the stain from top to bottom under the condition of simulating rainfall at a specific angle.

2. The mathematical model estimation method is to construct a multi-factor mathematical model and estimate the soil erosion prevention and control effect by adjusting fixed parameters by using a computer according to local real conditions.

The two methods have different defects, the current field test can influence the soil environment to a certain degree, the detection effect of biological water and soil loss prevention and control can generate larger errors due to human factors, natural factors and biological factors, the field test cost is high, the occupied area is large, and the experimental result cannot reflect the prevention and control effect of the plant root system on the soil water and soil loss effect.

In a laboratory stage, a fixed slope angle is usually adopted, the detection method still cannot evaluate the water and soil loss control effect quantitatively after the field maximum water retention rate, the soil particle friction coefficient and the mathematical model correction error, and the current experimental environment lacks unified specified parameters for simulation, so that the artificial error degree is large.

In addition, different plant roots have different effects on preventing and controlling water and soil loss, for example, mine restoration is taken as an example, the principle that one plant is simply planted is not in accordance with the variety of the biological species, after various plants are planted, the cohesion effect between the plant roots and surface soil can be reduced, and the specific reduction degree of the plant canopy on the water and soil loss effect in the rainfall process is not clarified.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In order to solve the problem, the utility model discloses following technical scheme has been taken:

a water and soil conservation small and medium-sized root and soil vector detection device comprises:

the upper cover and the lower cover are arranged up and down and are hinged; the upper cover is provided with a universal nozzle;

the driving assembly is used for driving the non-hinged end of the upper cover to approach the lower cover to form a closed space or to be far away from the lower cover;

the box body is positioned at the lower end of the lower cover and is fixedly connected with the lower cover;

the object stage is positioned between the lower cover and the box body and is rotatably connected with the upper end of the box body through a rotating structural part; the object stage is used for placing a plant culture container;

a propulsion assembly for varying a relative angle between the stage and the case;

the rain formation simulator is arranged on the lower cover and is connected with the universal spray head through a first connecting pipe;

the collecting device comprises a runoff collector and a runoff collecting container, and the runoff collector is arranged on the same side of the rotating structural member and is fixedly arranged on the box body; the runoff collector is used for collecting rainwater on the object stage after passing through the plant culture container; the runoff collecting container is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the box body and corresponds to the water outlet of the runoff collector; the runoff collecting container is used for collecting rainwater collected by the runoff collector.

Furthermore, the angle of the reciprocating motion of the object stage by taking the rotating structural member as the axis is 0-60 degrees.

Furthermore, a limiting platform is arranged at the joint of the box body and the lower cover and used for limiting the lowest point of the object stage; the lowest point is a horizontal position.

Furthermore, the object stage is of a rectangular structure, and an opening matched with the plant culture container is formed in the middle of the object stage; the object carrying platform is provided with an object carrying track, and the plant culture container is clamped on the object carrying track.

Further, the objective table is provided with the guide plate in the both sides of opening, the guide plate is used for getting rid of the runoff interference that other regions were collected to the runoff collector.

Further, the bottom of plant culture container is provided with a plurality of infiltration volume collecting hole down, infiltration volume collecting hole is in drainage to infiltration volume collecting container through the second connecting pipe down.

Further, the plant culture container is a 2-layer container, which is respectively set as a first layer container and a second layer container, wherein the size of the first layer container is 23.5cm × 32cm × 4cm, and the size of the second layer container is 24cm × 32.5cm × 8cm; the first layer of containers are 4-mesh sieve basins and are used for simulating the infiltration of water in soil, and the thickness of the soil in the first layer of containers is 4cm; the bottom of the second layer of container is provided with a plurality of lower seepage volume collecting hole, lower seepage volume collecting hole passes through the second connecting pipe drainage extremely in the lower seepage volume collecting container.

Further, the runoff collecting container is a cubic container with the bottom area of 10 x 10cm and the height of 55 cm;

one side of runoff collection container is provided with differential pressure sensor, differential pressure sensor is provided with into pressure passageway and pressure outlet channel, advance pressure passageway with the bottom of runoff collector is connected, differential pressure sensor's pressure outlet channel with runoff collection container intercommunication.

Further, the driving assembly is an air cylinder push rod, the fixed end of the air cylinder push rod is hinged to the lower cover, and the driving end of the air cylinder push rod is hinged to the upper cover.

Further, the propelling component is a mechanical stepping propeller capable of bearing 50kg of weight, and the mechanical stepping propeller is a double-rod synchronous propelling.

Has the beneficial effects that:

the utility model provides a soil and water conservation medium-size and small-size root soil vector detection equipment, which changes the detection object from soil into the effect of preventing soil and water loss by combining the cohesion of single or multiple plant roots and soil and the plant canopy; the control effect of the simulation method in any area with a gradient of 0-60 degrees can be evaluated according to the effect of the plant culture container on the detection data; the rainfall of different degrees in 1 hour is used for simulating the water and soil loss degree in any area in the whole testing process; the experimental result excludes human factors, natural factors and biological factors, and the effects of preventing and controlling water and soil loss of different plant canopies, root systems and different soil types can be better compared.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the present invention with the upper cover opened;

fig. 3 is another view of the present invention with the upper cover opened;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention (excluding the lower cover and the box body);

FIG. 5 is another perspective of the present invention (excluding the lower cover and the case);

fig. 6 is a front view of the present invention (excluding the lower cover and the case);

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the stage;

FIG. 8 is a front view of the stage;

FIG. 9 is a top view of the stage;

FIG. 10 is a left side view of the stage;

FIG. 11 is a rear view of the stage;

FIG. 12 is a bottom view and a partial cross-sectional enlarged view of the stage;

wherein, 1, an upper cover; 2. a lower cover; 3. a box body; 4. a run-off collection container; 5. a waste liquid pipe; 6. a rain-gust simulator; 7. a runoff collector; 8. an object stage; 9. a propulsion assembly; 10. rotating the structural member; 11. a differential pressure sensor; 12. a drive assembly; 13. a waste liquid hole; 14. a lower seepage quantity collecting hole; 15. a baffle; 16. a first connecting pipe; 17. a universal nozzle; 18. an opening; 19. a collection port; 20. and a limiting platform.

Detailed Description

Example 1

The device for detecting the vector of the water and soil conservation medium and small-sized root and soil is used for detecting the field runoff, the infiltration amount and the silt amount of the plant root system on a slope surface of 0-60 degrees under the condition of measuring the combination of different plant root systems and soil in a laboratory stage.

Referring to fig. 1 to 12, a water and soil conservation medium and small-sized root and soil vector detection apparatus includes:

the upper cover 1 and the lower cover 2 are arranged up and down, and the upper cover 1 and the lower cover 2 are hinged; the upper cover 1 is provided with a universal nozzle 17;

the driving assembly 12 is used for driving the non-hinged end of the upper cover 1 to approach the lower cover 2 to form a closed space or move away from the lower cover 2;

the box body 3 is positioned at the lower end of the lower cover 2 and is fixedly connected with the lower cover 2;

the object stage 8 is positioned between the lower cover 2 and the box body 3, and the object stage 8 is rotatably connected with the upper end of the box body 3 through a rotating structural part 10; the object stage 8 is used for placing a plant culture container;

the propelling component 9 is used for changing the relative angle between the object stage 8 and the box body 3;

the rain shower simulator 6 is arranged on the lower cover 2, and is connected with the universal spray head 17 through a first connecting pipe 16;

the collecting device comprises a runoff collector 7 and a runoff collecting container 4, and the runoff collector 7 is arranged at the same side of the rotating structural member 10 and is fixedly arranged on the box body 3; the runoff collector 7 is used for collecting rainwater on the object stage 8 after passing through the plant culture container; the runoff collecting container 4 is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the box body 3 and corresponds to a water outlet of the runoff collector 7; the runoff collecting container 4 is used for collecting rainwater collected by the runoff collector 7.

In the present embodiment, the angle of the reciprocating motion of the stage 8 about the rotary structure 10 is 0 to 60 °, preferably 0 to 45 °.

In this embodiment, a limiting platform 20 is disposed at a joint of the box body 3 and the lower cover 2, and is used for limiting the lowest point of the object stage 8; the lowest point is a horizontal position.

According to the small and medium-sized root and soil vector detection equipment for soil and water conservation provided by the embodiment, the detection object is changed from soil into the effect of preventing soil and water loss by combining the cohesion of single or multiple plant roots and soil and the plant canopy; the prevention and control effect of the simulation method in any area with a gradient of 0-45 degrees can be evaluated according to the effect of the plant culture container on detection data.

Example 2

In order to better exclude human factors, natural factors and biological factors, the present embodiment is further configured based on embodiment 1.

In this embodiment, the object stage 8 is a rectangular structure, and the middle part of the object stage 8 is provided with an opening 18 adapted to the plant cultivation container; an object carrying track is arranged on the object carrying table 8, and the plant culture container is clamped on the object carrying track.

In this embodiment, the object stage 8 is provided with flow guide plates 15 on two sides of the opening 18, and the flow guide plates 15 are used for eliminating runoff interference collected to other areas by the runoff collectors 7.

Wherein, the box body 3 is provided with a collecting port 19, and the runoff collector 7 is arranged in the collecting port 19.

In this embodiment, the bottom of the plant cultivation container is provided with a plurality of infiltration capacity collecting holes 14, and the infiltration capacity collecting holes 14 are drained into the infiltration capacity collecting container through the second connecting pipe.

In this example, the plant culture containers were 2-layer containers, which were respectively set as a first-layer container and a second-layer container, the first-layer container and the second-layer container were set up from top to bottom, the size of the first-layer container was 23.5cm × 32cm × 4cm, and the size of the second-layer container was 24cm × 32.5cm × 8cm; wherein the first layer of container is a 4-mesh sieve basin and is used for simulating the infiltration of water in soil, and the thickness of the soil in the first layer of container is 4cm; the bottom of the second layer container is provided with a plurality of infiltration volume collecting holes 14, and the infiltration volume collecting holes 14 are drained into the infiltration volume collecting container through a second connecting pipe. In other embodiments, the lower drainage collection well 14 may also drain to the runoff collection receptacle 4 through a second connecting tube.

In the embodiment, the rain-gust simulator simulates the rainfall of heavy rain, medium rain and light rain within one hour by adjusting the pressure.

The runoff collection container 4 is a cubic container with a bottom area of 10 × 10cm and a height of 55cm, and is subjected to waterproof treatment integrally.

One side of runoff collecting container 4 is provided with differential pressure sensor, and differential pressure sensor 11 is provided with into pressure passageway and pressure channel, advances to press the passageway to be connected with the bottom of runoff collector 7, and differential pressure sensor's pressure channel and runoff collecting container 4 intercommunication. The differential pressure sensor 11 obtains liquid pressure through pressure difference and outputs an S485 signal format, and the liquid pressure is converted into S232 through a signal converter in an S485 mode and finally converted into a USB signal to be output; data processing software is the majority of port tools.

In this embodiment, the driving assembly 12 is a cylinder push rod, a fixed end of the cylinder push rod is hinged to the lower cover 2, and a driving end of the cylinder push rod is hinged to the upper cover 1. Wherein, the selection of cylinder push rod for the upper cover can reduce user's application of force because the damping action when opening.

In the embodiment, the upper cover 1 and the lower cover 2 are connected by a small 3-inch hinge with the thickness of 0.2cm, and the driving assembly 12 consists of two 10kg air cylinder push rods; the top of the upper cover is reserved with an installation hole position of the universal nozzle 17.

In this embodiment, the propulsion assembly 9 is a mechanical step-by-step propeller capable of carrying 50kg of weight, and the mechanical step-by-step propeller is a dual-rod synchronous propeller and synchronously propelled by a synchronous coprocessor.

Wherein, the objective table is provided with an objective track, two rotating seats (the rotating seats are provided with installation preformed holes of a rotating structural part 10 in advance, and the two rotating seats are respectively positioned at two sides of the objective table) and preformed holes of a mechanical stepping propeller; the rotating seat is matched with the rotating structural part 10, and the object stage is enabled to do angle transformation of 0-45 degrees by taking the rotating structural part as a circle center through a mechanical stepping propeller.

In the embodiment, the runoff collector 7 is a runoff collecting tool for rainwater passing through a specific area of the objective table plant, and finally, runoff is collected into the runoff collecting container 4; the rain-gust simulator can simulate the rainfall of heavy rain, medium rain and light rain within one hour by adjusting the pressure, and realizes water supply through a first connecting pipe 16 (2 branch pipes), a 4-wheel water pump and a timing device; the rainfall simulation is realized by spraying water through the universal spray head 17.

In this embodiment, runoff collector 7 is 3D prints, and its width is the same with plant cultivation container, collects the runoff in the plant cultivation container as rainwater collection limit structure through the guide plate 15 of objective table. The extending direction of the air guide plate 15 is perpendicular to the central axis of the rotary structure 10.

In this embodiment, the rain shower simulator is an electric water pump device, and has two functional modes, including self-priming and water piping connection. Both modes are controlled by a timer, wherein a switching 2-branch pipe joint is connected with the water pipe.

In the embodiment, the differential pressure sensor is preferably a digital differential pressure sensor PYG331, the digital differential pressure sensor PYG331 is a gas-liquid differential pressure measuring sensor, the pressure range is 0-2 MPa, 9VDC-24VDC branch power supply is provided, the inlet channel is connected with the bottom of the runoff collecting container 4 by 2 branch pipes, the current differential pressure is recorded every 0.05s, and the runoff quantity operation is carried out according to a formula (a specific water density needs to be selected by combining with proper temperature).

P＝ρgh

V _{Water (W)} ＝S _Bottom h

In the rainfall simulation process of the water and soil conservation medium and small-sized root and soil vector detection equipment provided by the embodiment, water flow is vertically sprayed in a plant culture container of a 0-45-degree objective table through a universal spray head 17, part of the water flow passes through the soil surface reaching the maximum water holding rate and finally flows to a runoff collection container from the objective table, and rainwater in the runoff collector is converged into a runoff collection container 4; part of water flow seeps into the infiltration volume collector from the soil through the root canal and the heel tip of the plant and finally flows into the infiltration volume collection container, and in other embodiments, the water flow can be guided to the runoff collection container 4 through the second connecting pipe; the rest water flow is finally converged into the waste liquid cylinder through the box body waterproof structure.

The circuit connection condition of the water and soil conservation medium and small-sized root and soil vector detection equipment provided by the embodiment is an integrated circuit, three parallel circuits exist in the integrated circuit, the integrated circuit is respectively a mechanical stepping propulsion device circuit, a rainfall simulation circuit and a sensor circuit after passing through a transformer, and finally, USB signals are output, so that data can be directly acquired in a computer.

In the water and soil conservation medium and small-sized root and soil vector detection equipment provided by the embodiment, the upper cover and the lower cover are integrally connected with the box body 3 and are reinforced by the positioning pin and the screw nut; the objective table 8 generates upward thrust through a mechanical stepping propeller, and reciprocates with the rotating structural member 10 as a circle center, and the angle is limited to 0-45 degrees.

The mechanical stepping propeller is fixed with the bottom of the box body 3 through screws and nuts; the front surface of the box body 3 is provided with a runoff collector 7, a runoff collecting container 4 and a lower seepage collecting hole 14; the runoff collection container 4 is connected with a differential pressure sensor 11 through screw nuts, and a high-pressure hole site of the differential pressure sensor 11 is connected with a bottom hole of the infiltration capacity collection container 4 through a branch pipe 2 by using an M10 pagoda corner head; the rear side (the side of keeping away from runoff collection container 4) of box 3 is provided with waste liquid hole 13, and the waste liquid is that the unnecessary rainwater of waterproof construction collection is derived through waste liquid pipe 5 (M12 rubber hose).

In the use process of the water and soil conservation medium and small-sized root and soil vector detection equipment provided by the embodiment, after the equipment is powered on, the upper cover 1 is firstly opened and pushed to a proper position, as shown in fig. 2; put into the good plant of cultivation and plant culture container, through the WIFI remote control module adjustment of mechanical step propeller to suitable angle and adjust 6 position shower nozzles of rain array simulator and objective table 8 and be vertical state (eliminate the error through software simulation), close upper cover 1. The output module of the differential pressure sensor 11 is connected to a computer, adaptation software is started, the data receiving of the differential pressure sensor is monitored in real time after the adaptive port, the parameters, the data bit, the conversion module, the instruction sending module and the data collecting module are adjusted, and finally the timing switch function of the rain formation simulator 6 is started to adjust the water pressure.

Example 3

In order to better simulate the water and soil loss degree in any region, the present embodiment is further configured based on embodiment 2.

The objective table 8 is used as a first platform for bearing rainfall, a rainwater flow-dividing structure is arranged on the objective table 8 as shown in figures 7-12, the influence of turbulence caused by simulation of rainwater on the objective table 8 after passing through the objective table is eliminated, and other net flow passing through the soil surface of the plant culture container is eliminated; the simulated rainwater can be divided into 3 parts, wherein the first part is runoff passing through the soil surface of the plant culture container, is dripped into a runoff collector 7 through the front end of an objective table 8, and is converged into a net flow collecting container 4 by the net flow collector 7; the second part is that the rainwater is simulated to gradually permeate the surface layer of the soil due to the infiltration effect on the soil surface of the plant culture container, and the rainwater is collected to the second layer of plant culture container through a 4-mesh screen pot (a first layer), finally is transmitted through a rubber hose and is collected into the infiltration capacity collection container through the infiltration capacity collection hole 14; other water flows as waste liquid pass through other parts of the objective table 8, are finally collected by the waterproof structure and are discharged through the waste liquid hole 13.

Example 4

This embodiment is an operation verification method of the water and soil conservation small and medium-sized root and soil vector detection apparatus provided in embodiment 3.

The equipment operation needs to be according to the empty quick-witted operation of test angle in earlier stage, and the WIFI remote control module of the step-by-step propeller of adjustment machinery is to suitable angle, opens 6 position shower nozzles of rain array simulator and is the vertical state with objective table 8, takes notes 3 times experiment error backs, carries out experimental sample's survey, and the data that obtain are compared with the error, finally utilize the rainfall, ooze down and the runoff balance formula between the earth's surface is verified experimental data.

i＝Pcosθ-10R/A

Wherein i is infiltration rate (mm/min), P is rainfall intensity (mm/min), theta is gradient, R is runoff rate (runoff volume/time), a is area, and the area in the equipment is a fixed value.

If the error of all the data exceeds 5 percent under the comprehensive comparison, the data point is regarded as invalid, and a valid data point is extracted; if the data point exceeds 1/3, the software outputs ERROR. Otherwise, the field runoff and the runoff rate which relatively accord with the actual situation can be obtained.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the technical scope of the present invention, so that any slight modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments by the technical essence of the present invention all still belong to the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a medium and small-size root soil vector check out test set is kept to soil and water which characterized in that includes:

the upper cover and the lower cover are arranged up and down and are hinged; the upper cover is provided with a universal nozzle;

the driving assembly is used for driving the non-hinged end of the upper cover to approach the lower cover to form a closed space or to be far away from the lower cover;

the box body is positioned at the lower end of the lower cover and is fixedly connected with the lower cover;

the object stage is positioned between the lower cover and the box body and is rotatably connected with the upper end of the box body through a rotating structural part; the object stage is used for placing a plant culture container;

a propulsion assembly for varying a relative angle between the stage and the case;

the rain formation simulator is arranged on the lower cover and is connected with the universal spray head through a first connecting pipe;

the collecting device comprises a runoff collector and a runoff collecting container, and the runoff collector is arranged at the same side of the rotating structural member and is fixedly arranged on the box body; the runoff collector is used for collecting rainwater on the object stage after passing through the plant culture container; the runoff collecting container is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the box body and corresponds to the water outlet of the runoff collector; the runoff collecting container is used for collecting rainwater collected by the runoff collectors.

2. The soil and water conservation medium-small sized root soil vector detection device according to claim 1, wherein the angle of the reciprocating motion of the object stage with the rotating structural member as the axis is 0-60 °.

3. The water and soil conservation medium and small-sized root and soil vector detection equipment as claimed in claim 2, wherein a limiting platform is arranged at the joint of the box body and the lower cover and used for limiting the lowest point of the object stage; the lowest point is a horizontal position.

4. The water and soil conservation medium and small-sized root and soil vector detection equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the object stage is of a rectangular structure, and an opening matched with the plant culture container is formed in the middle of the object stage; the plant cultivation container is characterized in that an object carrying track is arranged on the object carrying table, and the plant cultivation container is clamped on the object carrying track.

5. The water and soil conservation medium and small sized root and soil vector detection device according to claim 4, wherein the objective table is provided with guide plates on two sides of the opening, and the guide plates are used for eliminating runoff interference collected by the runoff collector to other areas.

6. The water and soil conservation medium and small sized root and soil vector detection device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the bottom of the plant culture container is provided with a plurality of infiltration capacity collection holes, and the infiltration capacity collection holes are drained into the infiltration capacity collection container through a second connecting pipe.

7. The water and soil conservation medium and small sized root and soil vector detection device according to claim 6, wherein the plant culture container is a 2-layer container, which is respectively set as a first-layer container and a second-layer container, the size of the first-layer container is 23.5cm x 32cm x 4cm, and the size of the second-layer container is 24cm x 32.5cm x 8cm; the first layer of container is a 4-mesh basin and is used for simulating the infiltration of water in soil, and the thickness of the soil in the first layer of container is 4cm; the bottom of the second layer of container is provided with a plurality of lower seepage volume collecting hole, lower seepage volume collecting hole passes through the second connecting pipe drainage extremely in the lower seepage volume collecting container.

8. The soil and water conservation medium-small sized root soil vector detection device according to claim 1, wherein the runoff collection container is a cubic container with a bottom area of 10 x 10cm and a height of 55 cm;

one side of runoff collecting container is provided with differential pressure sensor, differential pressure sensor is provided with into pressure passageway and pressure passageway, advance the pressure passageway with runoff collector's bottom is connected, differential pressure sensor's pressure passageway with runoff collecting container intercommunication.

9. The water and soil conservation medium and small sized root and soil vector detection device according to claim 1, wherein the driving component is a cylinder push rod, a fixed end of the cylinder push rod is hinged on the lower cover, and a driving end of the cylinder push rod is hinged with the upper cover.

10. The water and soil conservation medium and small-sized root and soil vector detection equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the propulsion assembly is a mechanical stepping propeller capable of bearing 50kg of weight, and the mechanical stepping propeller is a double-rod synchronous propulsion.

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