CN2183603Y

CN2183603Y - Hu Qin

Info

Publication number: CN2183603Y
Application number: CN 93236281
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王子犹
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1993-02-19
Filing date: 1993-02-19
Publication date: 1994-11-23
Anticipated expiration: 2003-02-19

Abstract

The utility model belongs to a musical instrument, in particular to a rod cylinder external connection huqin for playing stringed music. The utility model discloses a change the structure that the musical instrument pole passed a musical instrument section of thick bamboo in the past, the musical instrument head tuner is circular cone handle, with musical instrument pole and a musical instrument section of thick bamboo from external connection, the musical instrument head tuner exposes the overhang around the string end, and musical instrument pole cross sectional shape is the shape that wherein has a straight line to enclose, the utility model discloses can play no fingerboard and have two kinds of forms of fingerboard, play the skill and be close with two-stringed bowed instrument, can realize the chord of two strings pronunciation simultaneously, can make the gamut reach string and the gamut of deciding of violin to can be at two-stringed bowed instrument, three-stringed instrument, four-stringed instrument, middle pitch, high pitch huqin, promote on circular, hexagonal, the oval musical instrument section of thick bamboo.

Description

Erhu and the like

The utility model belongs to a kind of musical instrument, particularly a kind of outer Chinese fiddle that connects of the bent bar tube of playing of string music that is used for.

At present, in the national musical instruments of urheen kind, also do not see and tune up with the similar violin of range and the playing mode Chinese fiddle similar to urheen.Referring to " Chinese national folk musical instrument general knowledge " book that in October, 91, the Intellectual Press published and the Chinese fiddle that uses on the market, because the characteristic of range, tone color, the kind of Chinese fiddle is more much more than violin.No matter but be the Chinese fiddle of urheen, three Hus, four-stringed bowed instrument and other form, their structure is all similar to existing urheen, and promptly the qin bar passes the qin tube; The cross sectional shape of qin bar is circular or oblate; The turning peg of scroll head is the circular cone handle, the anterior and scroll head taper hole driving fit of awl; Very heavy removable, chord length is variable or the like.These qins have following deficiency: (1) makes whole qin tube access denial, thereby the tonequality and the volume of qin is had certain influence because the qin bar passes the qin tube; (2) because the cross sectional shape of qin bar is circular or oblate, rigidity is not enough, and can not be used to have the performance of fingerboard form; (3), occur sometimes skidding and cause Song Xian, or dress is wasted time and energy when changing string because scroll head turning peg fine setting is inconvenient; (4) very heavy can only being used as tuned up modulation difficulty or the like.

The purpose of this utility model provides the outer Chinese fiddle that connects of a kind of bar tube, and the performance that it can be realized not having fingerboard and two kinds of forms of fingerboard are arranged can be played out two string pronunciations (chord), makes range reach tuning up of violin and range.

The purpose of this utility model is achieved in that

(1) be provided with the turning peg of the usefulness of tuning a stringed instrument on the scroll head, the angle α of turning peg and scroll head front is 70 °～90 °, is parallel to the central plane of qin tube, and turning peg is bearing in the major axis cover, and turning peg overhangs around the string end;

(2) cross sectional shape of qin bar is the shape that straight line surrounds for wherein a limit being arranged;

(3) a bar tube link is arranged between qin bar and the qin tube, its upper end is connected with the qin bar, and the lower end is connected with the qin tube is outside.

Owing to adopted above structure, the utility model has been received following effect:

(1) make the range of Chinese fiddle reach the tuning up of violin, range;

(2) improve the tone color of urheen high position, help bringing into play the high position note;

(3) can realize drawing double-tone (two chords that string pronounces simultaneously);

(4) make the modulation of Chinese fiddle and violin similar;

(5) basic skill of Yan Zouing has kept the playing technique of urheen, and the leeway of developing is arranged, and plays the performance that can realize not having the performance (as the form of traditional urheen) of fingerboard form and the fingerboard form is arranged on the structure;

(6) because the qin tube is an individual components, can reach interchangeability in the production, select the qin tube of difformity, different materials, can reach different qin sounds, help player's selection;

(7) this version can be at two string Chinese fiddle, Three-stringed bowed instrument, four string Chinese fiddle, and middle pitch, high pitch Chinese fiddle are promoted on circle, hexagon, the oval qin tube, make version be tending towards normalization, standardization, form series of products.

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing an embodiment of the present utility model is described in detail.

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of an embodiment of the utility model;

Fig. 2 is the vertical view of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of embodiment scroll head of the utility model (no protecgulum);

Fig. 4 is the rear view (no bonnet) of Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is the top plan view of Fig. 3;

Fig. 6 is the cross sectional shape synoptic diagram of an embodiment qin of the utility model bar;

Fig. 7 is the cross sectional shape synoptic diagram of another embodiment qin bar of the utility model;

Fig. 8 is the structural representation of the utility model embodiment qin tube and bar tube link;

Fig. 9 is the vertical view of Fig. 8;

Figure 10 is the A-A sectional view of Fig. 1;

Figure 11 is that embodiment of the utility model moves very heavy structural representation;

Figure 12 is the structural representation of an embodiment unloader of the utility model.

Embodiment (seeing Fig. 1,2) is that one four chord member tube connects Chinese fiddle outward, also can claim curved bar four string Chinese fiddle.Form by scroll head (1), qin bar (2), qin tube (3) and string (4), bow (5) etc.

Scroll head (is seen Fig. 3,4,5) be provided with the tune a stringed instrument turning peg (6) of usefulness of quadruplet, turning peg is almost vertical with the front (7) of scroll head, angle α (8) is 75 °, and the central plane that is parallel to the qin tube, turning peg axle and string are kept at an angle like this, make the unlikely stressed back of string on the turning peg and produce and endwisely slip.Four with the molded handle of plastic hot (43), connect as one with the worm shaft (44) in the gear train, turning handle gets final product rotary worm (45), drive worm gear (46) and rotate, worm gear drives turning peg again and rotates, and turning peg is bearing in the major axis cover (9), can control its tolerance clearance, make turning peg be in the exact position, the axle center is stable, helps fine setting.Exposing around string end (10) of turning peg overhangs, and uses the winding by hand string when being convenient to change string.Major axis cover and scroll head interference fit, and have the shaft shoulder to lean against on the scroll head face, the turning peg shaft shoulder and turning peg frame (12) compress the major axis cover from two ends, form the axial location of turning peg.Worm screw is adopted the semicircle supporting, carrying plane is stuck in the location of realizing axle in the groove (47) of the carrying plane at worm screw two ends, and is elegant in appearance for making scroll head, screen with vinyl cover for forward and backward at scroll head, protecgulum (48) and bonnet (49) utilize the elastic force of plastics, are stuck in the groove of scroll head unlikely dropping.Also can establish a bow on the scroll head and hang (50), it is bonding with glue to insert scroll head, is easy to place bow, can be used as ornament again.

Qin bar (seeing Fig. 6,8) cross sectional shape is one section ellipse, is promptly surrounded by three sections circular arcs and straight line.Because the tension of four strings, bar is stressed will be more much bigger than common urheen, for strengthening rigidity and adapting to the size and the sensation of hand, so taked this shape.In addition, a plane surface (51) is arranged,, when promptly not having the performance of fingerboard form, select fixing very heavy (52) for use so the performance that can realize not having fingerboard and two kinds of forms of fingerboard are arranged only needs to change very heavy getting final product owing on the qin bar; When having the fingerboard form to play, select fingerboard very heavy (53) for use.

One bar tube link (seeing Fig. 8,9,10) is arranged between qin bar and the qin tube, and its upper end closely is connected with the qin bar by extension bar cover (13), and an extension bar plate (14) is fixed on the front that extension bar overlaps by screw (57), aligns with qin bar plane surface; Bar tube link has a concave surface cylinder base (15) to be stuck in the locating slot (16) of qin tube, plays location and clamping action, and a restraint zone (17) also is stuck in the locating slot.Because bow hair and qin tube can produce friction, epithelium easy to wear and tube surface, and because the tube outer rim is not smooth, the to-and-fro movement that makes the bow hair is not on same surface level, can cause bow stick vibration and percussion qin tube, therefore welded a supporting plate (18) on bar tube link and cylinder base, the lower end of supporting plate has an aperture (19) to be enclosed within on the pin (20) at restraint zone middle part, makes the supporting plate end stable.The restraint zone upper end has two apertures (21) to be enclosed within on the pin (22) on cylinder base top, and the lower end is connected its screw with the link bottom by screw (23), makes the qin tube firm.The cross section of qin tube is circular, and the concave surface of bar tube link cylinder base also is circular arc, and is corresponding with it, matches, so can have rule (24) tube material to be oriental plane tree wood thereafter with driving fit, film (54) be the boa skin, is bonded on qin tube end and the outer rim.The rear end of tube is embedded with a lattice (55), is the hexagon pattern, big hole path.Owing to adopted the external structure of this bar tube, make the qin tube become an individual components, whole qin tube passage is not obstructed, improve tonequality and volume greatly, and be convenient to change as required the qin tube.Play when standing or walking for the ease of the player, also can open a rectangle hook hole (42) in the side of bar tube link, can insert a stainless serpentine hook, an end hangs in the hole, and the other end hangs in player's the clothes buttonhole place or waist-belt.

Four string (see figure 10)s are at the horizontal central plane of qin tube, and their location layout is on four angles of a rectangle.Two exterior strings, high is the E string, low is the G string; Two interior strings, high is the D string, low is the A string.The accordatura of four strings is g, d1, and a1, e2, range and violin are similar, and tone color is the picture urheen on G, D, A string, picture violin on the E string.When the string collocation is E, A; A, D; When D, G and G, E string, can draw the chord of playing two strings.The Chinese fiddle playing technique of this structure is basic similar to urheen.

In order to change the length of string oscillating component, to adapt to player's needs,, can on the qin bar, be provided with one and move and very heavyly (see Fig. 3,4 to adapt to teenager, the short needs of the little hand of people as the length that can shorten the string oscillating component, 5,11), the fixed band (26) that moves very heavy (25) is holding around the qin bar, and a left side slope cover (28) and a right slope cover (29) are respectively inserted in very heavy body (27) two ends, the domatic contact with the hole (30) of fixed band of slope cover is screwed into a screw (31) in the cover of slope, a left side.When screw tightening, about slope cover close up, domatic tension restraint zone is pressed on the qin bar very heavy body.Unscrewing screw can unclamp, just removable very heavy.

When Chinese fiddle is not played, in order to protect the qin film, the tensile force of string is acted on the qin film, and affact the qin tube and other parts get on, thus between string and film, insert a unloader (seeing Fig. 1,2,10,12), and load is on qin tube end face.Be provided with left pole socket (34) and right pole socket (35) on the base plate (33) of unloader (32), be equipped with on the pole socket and lift long tribute bar (36) and the short tribute bar (37) that string is used, long tribute bar is lifted the string that bridge (56) is gone up eminence, and short tribute bar is lifted the string of lower on the bridge.One end of tribute bar inserts in the hole of pole socket, plays supporting role, and the other end of tribute bar is connected with push rod (39), and fixing with trip bolt (40), an end of push rod has milled screw (41), and available hand turns.When unloader is installed, put appropriate base plate earlier, then pole socket is on one side moved on to the position, tighten screw, pole socket is fixed.Pole socket with opposite side moves on to the position again, tightens screw equally and is fixed.Tighten the screw on the push rod at last, make push rod jack-up, drive the tribute bar and lift slightly,, screw can be unscrewed during performance, string can be re-applied on the bridge, take down unloader again because the pressure base plate of string can not drop.

The cross sectional shape of qin bar also can be the shape (see figure 7) that is surrounded by circular arc and rectangle.

The cross section of qin tube also can be other shapes such as hexagon, ellipse, and the concave of bar tube link cylinder base also changes thereupon.

The scroll head structure also can adopt the structure of guitar turning peg, or the structure of similar violin turning peg.

Claims

1, a kind of Chinese fiddle is made up of scroll head [1], qin bar [2], qin tube [3] and string [4], bow [5] etc., it is characterized in that:

Be provided with the turning peg [6] of the usefulness of tuning a stringed instrument on a, the scroll head, the angle α [8] of turning peg and scroll head front [7] is 70 °～90 °, is parallel to the central plane of qin tube, and turning peg is bearing in the major axis cover [9], and turning peg overhangs around string end [10];

The cross sectional shape of b, qin bar is the shape that straight line surrounds for wherein a limit being arranged;

One bar tube link [11] is arranged between c, qin bar and the qin tube, and its upper end is connected with the qin bar, and the lower end is connected with the qin tube is outside.

2, Chinese fiddle according to claim 1 is characterized in that the turning peg shaft shoulder and turning peg frame (12) compress the major axis cover from two ends.

3, Chinese fiddle according to claim 1, the cross sectional shape that it is characterized in that the qin bar are section ellipse that is surrounded by three sections circular arcs and straight line.

4, Chinese fiddle according to claim 1, the cross sectional shape that it is characterized in that the qin bar is the shape that is surrounded by circular arc and rectangle.

5, Chinese fiddle according to claim 1 is characterized in that the upper end of bar tube link closely is connected with the qin bar by extension bar cover (13), and an extension bar plate (14) is arranged on the front of extension bar cover, aligns with the plane surface (51) of qin bar; Bar tube link has a concave surface cylinder base (15) to be stuck in the locating slot (16) of qin tube, and a restraint zone (17) also is stuck in the locating slot; Bar tube link and cylinder base are provided with a supporting plate (18), the lower end of supporting plate has an aperture (19) to be enclosed within on the pin (20) at restraint zone middle part, the restraint zone upper end has aperture (21) to be enclosed within on the pin (22) on cylinder base top, and the lower end is connected it by screw (23) with the screw (24) of link bottom.

6, Chinese fiddle according to claim 1 is characterized in that string has four, and on the horizontal central plane of qin tube, the location layout of four strings is on tetragonal four angles.

7, according to claim 1,2,3,4,5,6 described Chinese fiddle, it is characterized in that holding around on the qin bar fixed band (26) of mobile very heavy (25), a left side slope cover (28) and a right slope cover (29) are respectively inserted in very heavy body (27) two ends, and domatic the contact with the hole (30) of fixed band of slope cover is screwed into a screw (31) in the cover of slope, a left side.

8, according to claim 1,2,3,4,5,6 described Chinese fiddle is characterized in that the end face of qin tube and bar tube link is provided with unloader (32), be provided with left pole socket (34) and right pole socket (35) on the unloader base plate (33), be equipped with on the pole socket and lift long tribute bar (36) and the short tribute bar (37) that string is used, an end of tribute bar inserts in the hole (38) of pole socket, and the other end is connected with push rod (39), fixing with trip bolt (40), an end of push rod has milled screw (41).

9, according to claim 1,2,3,4,5,6 described Chinese fiddle is characterized in that there is a hook hole (42) side of bar tube link, can insert " s " shape hook.