CN218353762U - Pollution control and vegetation recovery structure for historical metal tailing pond - Google Patents
Pollution control and vegetation recovery structure for historical metal tailing pond Download PDFInfo
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- CN218353762U CN218353762U CN202222219224.4U CN202222219224U CN218353762U CN 218353762 U CN218353762 U CN 218353762U CN 202222219224 U CN202222219224 U CN 202222219224U CN 218353762 U CN218353762 U CN 218353762U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a metal tailing storehouse pollution control and vegetation restoration structure are left over to history, include at the tailing base surface coarse stone gravel layer, the stable soil layer of moisturizing, biodegradable layer, vegetation growth soil layer and the fine stone gravel layer of laying in proper order from bottom to top. The utility model discloses can effectively prevent the contact of sulphide mineral tailing and oxygen and water, from the oxidation of source control sulphide and the production of acid mine waste water to can make vegetation growth soil layer be in not receive the independent environment that receives the pollution threat, continuously keep good vegetation condition.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of pollution abatement and mine ecological remediation, concretely relates to metal tailing storehouse pollution abatement and vegetation recovery structure are left over to history.
Background
According to the data published by the ministry of ecological environment of China in the annual newspaper for preventing and controlling the environmental pollution of solid wastes in the major and middle cities in 2020, the annual output of tailings of 196 key published investigation industrial enterprises reaches 10.3 hundred million t, and the comprehensive utilization rate is only 27 percent. The accumulated amount of the tailings pond which is used or not treated nationwide exceeds 200 hundred million t, and the occupied area is about 67000 hm 2 . According to the "working guidelines (trial) for troubleshooting and treatment of hidden pollution troubles of tailings ponds", issued by the department of ecological environment, nearly ten thousand tailings ponds exist in China, and nearly one third of the tailings ponds have high environmental risk.
According to the requirements of mine ecological environment protection and ecological restoration treatment technical specifications, the thickness of covering soil for vegetation restoration after closing a warehouse is not less than 10cm; in the requirements of the quality control standard of land reclamation, the tailings pond is reclaimed, the soil is covered by more than 50cm, and an isolating layer is arranged if the tailings pond is polluted. When the storehouse is closed, the surface of the storehouse is covered with soil, and the thickness of the storehouse is determined according to the granularity of solid waste and the species of the pseudomonad. According to the research of Romano Connie G, an expert of university of Luo, lu, canada, discovers that when a single material is used for covering (such as soil), the oxidation rate is only reduced by about 75 percent when the covering thickness of 1m is within 100 years of simulation time, and the soil covering requirement of 'quality control standard for land reclamation' in China is only over 0.5m of soil covering for closed-warehouse reclamation of tailings warehouses, so that the pollution of acid mine wastewater cannot be prevented to a great extent. The sulfide in the wastewater can be continuously oxidized under the action of oxygen and water to generate acidic wastewater. Taking pyrite as an example, the main oxidation process is as follows:
FeS 2 + 7/2O 2 + H 2 O → Fe 2+ + 2SO 4 2- + 2H +
Fe 2+ + 1/4O 2 + H + → Fe 3+ + 1/2H 2 O
Fe 3+ + 3H 2 O → Fe(OH) 3 + 3H +
FeS 2 + 14Fe 3+ + 8H 2 O → 15Fe 2+ + 2SO 4 2- + 16H +
FeS 2 + 15/4O 2 + 1/2H 2 O → Fe 3+ + 2SO 4 2- + H +
the wastewater has low pH (2 to 4) and high concentrations of heavy metals and sulfate, and can generate acidification and heavy metal pollution to underground water, surface water and soil around a mining area. Therefore, the general tailings pond, especially the historical retained tailings pond, can only maintain the effect of the recovered vegetation in the closed pond for several years, and the surrounding soil and vegetation can gradually pollute and die.
Therefore, source pollution treatment and vegetation recovery for the historical metal tailing pond are a technical problem. Therefore, it is very necessary to research a long-term effective pollution treatment and vegetation recovery structure of the historical metal tailing pond, which is simple to operate and low in cost.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An object of the utility model is to provide a metal tailing storehouse pollution control and vegetation recovery structure are left over to history.
The utility model aims at realizing like this, include that the soil particle diameter on water-retaining stable soil layer is less than the gravel particle diameter on coarse gravel layer at coarse gravel layer, water-retaining stable soil layer, biodegradable layer, vegetation growth soil layer and the fine gravel layer that lay in proper order from bottom to top at tailing base table surface.
Preferably, the fineness modulus of the rubble layer is 2.5 to 3.5, and the thickness of the rubble layer is 15 to 20cm.
Preferably, the water-retaining stable soil layer is obtained by uniformly mixing the fly ash, the red mud and screened fine soil according to the mass ratio of 10 to 1 to 5; the fly ash and the red mud are alkaline, and the leachate of the tailings pond which is left historically and has been subjected to acidification pollution can help to neutralize acidic substances in the tailings and stabilize heavy metals with migration and diffusion risks.
Preferably, the biodegradable layer is one or more of crushed straws, sawdust and paper pulp, and the thickness of the biodegradable layer is 5-10 cm.
Preferably, the vegetation growing soil layer is native soil around a tailing pond or improved artificially configured soil, and the thickness of the vegetation growing soil layer is 10-20cm.
Preferably, the particle diameter of the gravel layer is 0.1-0.5 mm, and the thickness of the gravel layer is 2-5 cm.
Preferably, after seed sowing or seedling transplanting is carried out on the vegetation growing soil layer, a fine gravel layer is laid.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses following technological effect has:
1. the utility model adopts the principle of capillary barrier covering and blocking, when two particle layers with different particle diameters are contacted, the vertical water flow between the two layers is often limited due to the difference of unsaturated hydraulic property, thereby generating capillary barrier effect, keeping high saturation in the water-retaining stable soil layer, and preventing the contact of oxygen and water with sulfide;
2. the utility model utilizes the biodegradable layer as the organic reaction barrier, which can not only consume the oxygen diffused from the upper layer in the biodegradation process, but also provide nutrient substances for the vegetation growth of the upper layer;
3. the utility model utilizes the three-layer structure of the vegetation growth soil layer, the biodegradation layer and the water retention stabilizing soil layer to separate and consume water and oxygen layer by layer, greatly weakens the permeability of oxygen and water, solves the oxidation of sulfide from the source and prevents the generation of acid mine wastewater;
4. the utility model discloses the vegetation growth soil layer not only can be shielded to the fine stone gravel layer, reduces the moisture evaporation of soil to can also increase horizontal drainage, reduce the rainwater and wash and to the infiltration of deep tailing to the lower floor.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
in the figure: 1-coarse gravel layer, 2-water retention stable soil layer, 3-biodegradation layer, 4-vegetation growth soil layer, 5-fine gravel layer and 6-tailing pond.
Detailed Description
The following description of the present invention is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and any alterations or replacements made based on the teachings of the present invention are all within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in the attached drawing 1, according to the utility model discloses carry out pollution control and vegetation restoration to certain sulphur tailing storehouse, include the gravel layer of coarse stone 1, water conservation stable soil layer 2, biodegradable layer 3, vegetation growth soil layer 4 and the gravel layer of fine stone 5 that lay in proper order from bottom to top at the tailing storehouse surface, gravel is all selected for use to gravel layer 1 and gravel layer of fine stone 5, the modulus of fineness of gravel layer 1 of coarse stone is 2.5 to 3.5, thickness 20cm, the gravel layer of fine stone 5 particle diameter 0.1 to 0.5mm, thickness 2cm, water conservation stable soil layer 2 is that fly ash, red mud and sieving fine soil are according to the mass ratio 10 1 and mix evenly to obtain, water conservation stable soil layer 2 passes through the 80 mesh sieve, water conservation stable soil layer 2 thickness 10cm, biodegradable layer 3 is crushing straw, thickness 5cm, vegetation growth soil layer 4 is the native soil of periphery, thickness 10cm, vegetation growth soil layer 4 is planted has flowery, alfalfa, spiny magnolia flower, alfalfa, the kentucky rush.
Example 2
As shown in the attached drawing 1, according to the utility model discloses carry out pollution control and vegetation restoration to certain sulphur tailing storehouse, include that the rubble layer 1 of coarse stone, water-retaining stable soil layer 2, biodegradable layer 3, vegetation growth soil layer 4 and the rubble layer 5 of fine stone laid in proper order from bottom to top in the tailing storehouse face, rubble layer 1 and the rubble layer 5 of fine stone all select waste earth stone, rubble layer 1 fineness modulus is 2.5 to 3.5, thickness 15cm, the particle size of rubble layer 5 is 0.1 to 0.5mm, thickness 3cm, water-retaining stable soil layer 2 is that fly ash, red mud and sieve fine soil are according to the mass ratio 10 and are mixed evenly to obtain, water-retaining stable soil layer 2 passes the 80 mesh sieve, water-retaining stable soil layer 2 thickness 15cm, biodegradable layer 3 is the sawdust, thickness 8cm, vegetation growth soil layer 4 is artifical soil improvement, thickness 15cm, vegetation growth soil layer 4 is planted has the papyrifera, alfalfa, feather rush.
Example 3
As shown in the attached drawing 1, according to the utility model discloses carry out pollution control and vegetation restoration to certain sulphur tailing storehouse, include that the coarse stone gravel layer 1, water conservation stabilizes the soil layer 2, biodegradable layer 3, vegetation growth soil layer 4 and fine stone gravel layer 5 that lay in proper order from bottom to top at the tailing storehouse face, coarse stone gravel layer 1 and fine stone gravel layer 5 all select the building waste, coarse stone gravel layer 1 fineness modulus is 2.5 to 3.5, thickness 15cm, fine stone gravel layer 5 particle diameter 0.1 is 0.5mm, thickness 5cm, water conservation stabilizes the soil layer 2 and is that fly ash, red mud and sieving fine soil are 10 according to the mass ratio 10 and mix evenly to obtain, water conservation stabilizes the soil layer 2 and passes through the 80 mesh sieve, water conservation stabilizes soil layer 2 thickness 15cm, biodegradable layer 3 is paper pulp, thickness 10cm, vegetation growth soil layer 4 is artifical soil layer, thickness 20cm, vegetation growth 4 is planted has papyrifera, alfalfa, feather rush.
Example 4
As shown in the attached drawing 1, according to the utility model discloses carry out pollution control and vegetation restoration to certain sulphur tailing storehouse, include that the coarse stone gravel layer 1, water conservation stabilize soil layer 2, biodegradable layer 3, vegetation growth soil layer 4 and the fine stone gravel layer 5 that lay in proper order from bottom to top in the tailing storehouse surface, coarse stone gravel layer 1 and fine stone gravel layer 5 all select grit, waste soil stone and building waste to mix according to mass ratio 1; treating a certain tailing pond according to the embodiment 4, and detecting the leachate of the tailing pond, wherein the detection result is shown in a table 1;
TABLE 1 detection results of leachate in tailings pond
Note: the simulation method refers to the analytical method of Connie g, romano et al: extending the curve of the cumulative mass of the sulfate to the cumulative mass after 100 years, namely calculating the cumulative mass of the 1200 th period by using a fitting formula of the existing cumulative curve; thereby calculating the pollution-suppression efficiency for a longer simulation interval.
The test data show that the sulfate content (mg/L) in the wastewater after 12 months of treatment is obviously reduced after the application of the method; after the simulation for 100 years, the oxidation rate (namely the sulfate production) of the obtained sulfide minerals is reduced by 93.2 percent, and the pollution treatment effect is obvious. Through investigation, the vegetation coverage rate in the second year is higher than 90 percent after the application of the method.
Claims (6)
1. The structure is characterized by comprising a coarse gravel layer (1), a water-retention stable soil layer (2), a biodegradable layer (3), a vegetation growth soil layer (4) and a fine gravel layer (5) which are sequentially laid on the surface of a tailing pond from bottom to top, wherein the soil particle size of the water-retention stable soil layer is smaller than that of the coarse gravel layer.
2. The structure for pollution control and vegetation restoration of the historical legacy metal tailing pond according to claim 1, wherein the fineness modulus of the rubble layer (1) is 2.5-3.5, and the thickness of the rubble layer (1) is 15-20cm.
3. The pollution abatement and vegetation recovery structure for the historical metal tailing pond according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the water-retaining stable soil layer (2) is 10-15cm.
4. The structure for pollution control and vegetation recovery of the historical legacy metal tailing pond according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the biodegradable layer (3) is 5-10cm.
5. The pollution abatement and vegetation recovery structure for the historical legacy metal tailing pond according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the vegetation growing soil layer (4) is 10-20cm.
6. The structure for pollution control and vegetation restoration of the historical metal tailing pond according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the gravel layer (5) is 0.1-0.5 mm, and the thickness of the gravel layer (5) is 2-5 cm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202222219224.4U CN218353762U (en) | 2022-08-23 | 2022-08-23 | Pollution control and vegetation recovery structure for historical metal tailing pond |
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