CN105642642B - A kind of composite closure structure of the Mine Solid Wastes landfill field of sulfur compound - Google Patents
A kind of composite closure structure of the Mine Solid Wastes landfill field of sulfur compound Download PDFInfo
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- CN105642642B CN105642642B CN201610054248.5A CN201610054248A CN105642642B CN 105642642 B CN105642642 B CN 105642642B CN 201610054248 A CN201610054248 A CN 201610054248A CN 105642642 B CN105642642 B CN 105642642B
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- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- HPNSNYBUADCFDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromafenozide Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C(=O)N(NC(=O)C=2C(=C3CCCOC3=CC=2)C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 HPNSNYBUADCFDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 19
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 15
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 13
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 8
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 5
- NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrite Chemical compound [Fe+2].[S-][S-] NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052683 pyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011028 pyrite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910020218 Pb—Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000275012 Sesbania cannabina Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000219783 Sesbania rostrata Species 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006262 high density polyethylene film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052960 marcasite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002906 microbiologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005445 natural material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004162 soil erosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B1/00—Dumping solid waste
- B09B1/004—Covering of dumping sites
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
Invention belongs to environmental geotechnical technical field, and in particular to a kind of composite closure structure of the Mine Solid Wastes landfill field of sulfur compound.Realize the composite closure layer that the composite closure structure of the Mine Solid Wastes landfill field of the sulfur compound of the object of the invention is formed by three 3 sublayers with different infiltration coefficients, different substrates suction and different-thickness from the bottom to top, landfill field top layer can be made to keep enough moisture, so as to realize the air reduced or eliminated into inside landfill field, avoid being internally formed the condition for being available for sulfide-oxidation production acid in landfill field.The present invention also has construction is simple, the cheap advantage of cost, is highly suitable for mining area popularization.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to environmental geotechnical technical field, and in particular to a kind of Mine Solid Wastes heap of sulfur compound
Fill out the composite closure structure of field.
Background technology
The development of industry and the increasingly enhancing of people's environmental protection consciousness are picked up with China mine, at Mine Solid Wastes
Putting induced problem of environmental pollution turns into the focal issue of extensive concern.The utilization of mineral resources relate generally to two mistakes
Journey：Exploit removal process and purification by mineral process.Wherein exploitation removal process refers to that people will assign using various methods and techniques
The mining mineral resource for being stored in underground is recycled to the process on ground.By the geology occurrence characteristics of mineral resources and people to it
The influence of the factors such as used technology during utilization, exploit and often wrapped in mineral resources acquired in removal process
Containing many impurity for not having use value.Therefore, the mineral resources that recovery is directly exploited from underground are generally required through excessive
Secondary purification by mineral processing could form the products material that directly can be utilized or process.
Two class solid waste can be produced during the above-mentioned two of mineral resource development and utilization：In removal process is exploited
Waste mining rock would generally be produced；Purification by mineral process can typically form mine tailing.Waste mining rock refers to
Obtain rock/soil that target ore body is peeled off（Hereinafter referred to as rock）.For example, the mine of pit mining mode is taken to be adopted in excavation
Dig the ore body overlying rock carried secretly when the rock peeled off during tunnel, the recovery of target ore body or lower rock stratum（Also referred to as association rock mass）
Etc. belonging to waste mining rock.Waste mining rock is usually that the loose rock/upper form of relatively dry is present, its particle size distribution range pole
Extensively, it is distributed in sticking grain group ~ macrosome group.And mine tailing refers to the useful target components content that purification by mineral operation process is formed
Minimum part, the mine tailing formed in ore dressing process exists generally in the form of mud, but also has with dry solid form
In the presence of.Compared with waste mining rock, the particle size distribution range relative narrowness of mine tailing, generally in superfine particle group（Tailings mud）~ grit group
（CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND）Between be distributed.
At present, the domestic disposal generally use earth's surface for above-mentioned two classes Mine Solid Wastes is stored up or ground retrofilling
Method.Wherein, earth's surface stockpiling is made due to having the advantages that construction is simple, technology maturation, cost are relatively low by most of industrial and mining enterprises
To dispose the prefered method of Mine Solid Wastes.But this method often forms bulky Tailings Dam in mining area surface
With waste mining rock stockyard（Hereafter referred to collectively as Mine Solid Wastes landfill field）.This not only needs to take valuable land resource,
And local original natural landscape and ecological environment can be changed, cause visual pollution and destroy the ecosystem balance of locality.
Meanwhile the open environment of earth's surface can make effect of some solid waste in environmental factors such as air, temperature, moisture and microorganisms
It is lower that complicated chemical reaction occurs, a large amount of poisonous and harmful substances are discharged, so as to the air, soil and water ring to landfill field periphery
Border forms serious pollution.Correlation study and statistical result showed, most of by long-term stockpiling Mine Solid Wastes institute
It is the most serious with the pollution caused by the Mine Solid Wastes of Containing Sulfur mineral in caused problem of environmental pollution.
The Mine Solid Wastes of sulfur compound refer in utilization with the metallic mineral resources of sulphided form preservation
During caused Mine Solid Wastes.This kind of metallic mineral resources are the most significant special possessed by occurrence form
Point is that its ore body is usually contained with pyrite with association rock mass in itself（FeS2）, magnetic iron ore（Fe11S12）Based on sulfides
Associated mineral（Also referred to as gangue mineral）.Because these gangue minerals do not have a commercial value in itself, thus in exploitation recovery and
Abandoned during purification by mineral as waste material.When these sulfide are discarded to Mine Solid Wastes landfill field,
Following chemically react can occur under the collective effect of air and rainwater（By taking pyrite as an example, similar reaction is also applied for magnetic Huang
Iron ore）：
It can be seen that from the reactions above in equation：Under the collective effect of oxygen and water, oxidation reaction occurs for pyrite
Discharge H+And Fe2+（Reaction（1））；If the oxygen content in environment is sufficient, reaction（1）The Fe generated2+Can further with
Oxygen reaction generates Fe3+（Reaction（2））, this part Fe3+Pyrite can be further aoxidized, discharges substantial amounts of H+（Reaction（3））.
Therefore, react（3）Generation should be cause sulfur compound Mine Solid Wastes landfill field draining present it is acid main
Reason.Because most toxic heavy metal belongs to polar ion, thus sour environment can greatly strengthen its chemism and
Migration, make its from it is stable it is solid state transformed be unstable dissolvable state or exchangeable species, easily into moving in water and therewith
Move, it is final to cause the water from the discharge of landfill field bottom to turn into the acidic mine waste water for including a large amount of toxic heavy metal ions.
It is seen that, how much the oxygen content in landfill field determines from the above-mentioned analysis to sulfide-oxidation acid process
Determine whether the Mine Solid Wastes of sulfur compound can form a key factor of acidic mine waste water.In addition, into landfill
Moisture inside is also the necessary condition for causing acidic mine waste water to be formed.Therefore, given up for the mine solid of sulfur compound
Gurry landfill field, which produces the technological approaches that acidic mine waste water carries out active prevention and control, two kinds：One kind is to try to avoid external environment
In water penetrate into inside landfill field；Another is then to reduce the oxygen diffused into inside landfill field.In fact, made by landfill
The limitation of industry technological process, above two method can not be realized during being on active service or run in landfill field, but can contemplate in heap
Field is filled out to reach design storage capacity and need during Closure cover implemented.
At present, the general standard whether differentiate Mine Solid Wastes landfill field needs to carry out Closure cover institute foundation is
《General industrial solid waste storage, disposal site contamination control standard》（GB 18599-2001）.The standard is to I classes field and II
Explicitly pointed out in the environmental protection requirement that class field closes：For I classes field, for the benefit of recover to prepare, surface should cover one layer during closing
Natural soil, its thickness regard the granularity size of solid waste and intend the floristics determination of plantation；For II classes field, to prevent
The direct exposure of solid waste and rainwater are penetrated into heap body, and two layers of earthing is answered on surface during closing, and first layer is barrier layer, cover 20 cm ~
Clay thick 45 cm, and be compacted, prevent rainwater from penetrating into solid waste heap body；The second layer is coating, covers natural soil, with
Sharp plant growth, its thickness is depending on serike species.Based on above-mentioned regulation, the most of Mine Solid Wastes landfills in China
Used by Closure cover structure be single coating or barrier layer+coating simple structure, its function phase to single,
Therefore problems in actual use be present.For example, in arid area, generally can not only with single tectum structure
Effective delay is formed to the moisture in soil layer, in order to maintain the growth of plant to generally require the later maintenance expense of costliness；And
Often the problem of coating severe water and soil erosion be present again in area of heavy rainfull.Clay used, its thing in barrier layer+tectum structure
The influence of the easy climate environmental change of Mechanical Characters of Composite Ground is managed, cracking easily occurs under the effect of dry-wet or Freeze-thaw cycle and loses it
Barriering effect.In addition, the erosion of root system of plant and the interference of animal activity and the principal element for reducing barriering effect.
As it was noted above, the main purpose covered for the Mine Solid Wastes landfill field of sulfur compound is to prevent
Its formed acidic mine waste water, and the key technology approach for reaching this purpose be reduction or barrier air in oxygen pass through expansion
The effect of dissipating enters inside landfill field.From this view point, the conventional closure construction of above two can not efficiently solve vulcanization
Sour problem is produced in the oxidation of thing.Therefore, prior art domestic on solving problems is usually that lime is mixed in overburden layer
Or it is other produce alkalogenic material, go to neutralize using its caused alkalescence acid caused by sulfide-oxidation.Such as Hu Hong
Big grade exists《Lechang of Guangdong's Pb-Zn tailings are acidified control research discardedly》Middle proposition discards ground bedding thickness about in Pb-Zn tailings
20cm domestic waste and 20kg/m2The method of lime can effectively prevent lower floor's mine tailing acidifying.Ye, Z.H. etc. are in text
Offer《Lime and pig manure as ameliorants for revegetaing lead/zinc mine
tailings》With《Growth response of sesbaniarostrata and S. cannabina to sludge-
amended lead/zinc mine tailings》Middle proposition adds lime in the Reclaimed Soil of Pb-Zn tailings and pig manure can
The effectively pH value of regulation earthing and improvement soil matrix.The above method does not actually change common capping Rotating fields, only
It is that targetedly the chemical attribute of capping layer material is modified.It is material modified used in it（Such as lime, pig
Excrement etc.）Expendable material is belonged to, and it is non-renewable.Therefore, although the above method can play certain neutralization in a short time
Produce sour effect, but this effect and without long duration, it is necessary to higher later maintenance expense.Meanwhile the above method
The oxygen for not playing a part of reducing or obstructing in air is diffused into inside landfill field.Document《Tailings Dam repainting process》
In propose water cladding process and organic cladding process.Water cladding process is to cover one layer of fluid-tight earth working material on Tailings Dam surface
（Such as HDPE film）, water storage is then carried out on film, so as to realize blocking oxygen into the purpose inside reservoir area.This closure construction
Good barriering effect can be formed to the scattering and permeating of oxygen in air, but traditional earthing envelope has been not belonging in structure type
Lid.In addition, it is of a relatively high using the construction costs of this closure construction, and need to enter the overall security in reservoir area after water storage
The strict evaluation of row.Meanwhile want to play preferable water seal effect, local precipitation/evaporation capacity is also required to meet necessarily
It is required that.Organic cladding process is the surface that the solid waste of sludge, compost, wood chip or other Organics is covered in Tailings Dam, is led to
Decomposition of the aerobic microbiological to organic matter is crossed to consume oxygen, so as to realize the mesh for reducing the oxygen entered inside Tailings Dam
's.But the method with launching the alkaline matters such as lime is similar, this method, which equally exists, is difficult to long-term the problem of continuing.When
After contained organic matter is consumed in cover closing material, the obstruction effect of oxygen infiltration can be greatly lowered, it is still desirable to
Higher later maintenance expense.
The content of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of Mine Solid Wastes landfill of sulfur compound
Composite closure structure, it is therefore an objective to by 3 sublayers with different infiltration coefficients, different substrates suction and different-thickness come
1 composite closure layer is formed, landfill field top layer is kept enough moisture, is reduced or eliminated so as to realize into landfill field
The air in portion, avoid being internally formed the condition for being available for sulfide-oxidation production acid in landfill field.
Realize the composite closure structure of Mine Solid Wastes landfill field of the sulfur compound of the object of the invention from the bottom to top,
It is made up of successively the 1st sublayer, the 2nd sublayer and the 3rd sublayer；The 1st wherein described sublayer is laid immediately on the mine of sulfur compound
The surface of solid waste landfill field, thickness are the cm of 4 cm ~ 30, and the average diameter for forming the material granule of the 1st sublayer is 10 μ
M ~ 200 μm, the cm water columns of matric suction ＞ 4, infiltration coefficient 10-9 cm/s~10-3cm/s；Described the 2nd molecular layers thick with
The matric suction of 2nd sublayer（Represented with cm water columns）The ratio between>1.5, the average diameter for forming the material granule of the 2nd sublayer is 200
μm ~ 5000 μm, the ratio between the matric suction of the 2nd sublayer and the matric suction of the 1st sublayer ＜ 1/2, infiltration coefficient 10-3 cm/s~1
cm/s；The described cm of the 3rd molecular layers thick ＞ 6, form the cm of the mm of average diameter 3 ~ 7 of the material granule of the 3rd sublayer, and matrix is inhaled
The cm water columns of power ＜ 3, the cm/s of infiltration coefficient ＞ 1.
Wherein, the material of the described sublayer of composition the 1st be particle diameter meet to require it is oxidation-treated after mine tailing, low
Sulphur mine tailing, the mine tailing through desulfurization process, fine sand, dauk, sand loam, silt, aeolian accumulation loess, flyash or it is other from
Right material.
The material of the described sublayer of composition the 2nd is the slag, the slag through desulfurization process, particulate that particle diameter meets to require
Rubble or other natural materials.
The material of the described sublayer of composition the 3rd be particle diameter meet require limestone, sandstone plum, river course cobble,
Sandy beach cobble similar only needs screening without broken natural material.
Compared with prior art, the features of the present invention and beneficial effect are：
The composite closure structure of the Mine Solid Wastes landfill field of the sulfur compound of the present invention is that have chemistry by three
What inert sublayer was combined.
Wherein, the 1st sublayer is laid immediately on the surface of the Mine Solid Wastes landfill field of sulfur compound, mainly by with
Chemically inert fine particle materials are formed, and the hole between the fine grained for making this layer of composition is had the technical effect that caused by the 1st sublayer
It is long-term to keep being available for the pore channel that gas diffusion is permeated by the state of water saturation, cut-out or reduction, so as to obstruct extraneous sky
Gas is penetrated into inside landfill field by the 1st sublayer.The average diameter of the material granule of the 1st sublayer is formed at 10 μm to 200 μ
Between m.The matric suction requirement of material>4 cm water columns；The infiltration coefficient requirement of material is 10-9 cm/s~10-3Cm/s scopes
It is interior；The laying depth requirement of 1st sublayer is in 4 cm between 30 cm, and minimum thickness is not less than 4 cm, and specific laying depth takes
Certainly in the sulfur content and the average annual precipitation of its region that are capped object：The sulfur content that is capped object is higher, place
The average annual precipitation in region is smaller, and the laying depth of the 1st sublayer should be bigger, if in addition, being capped the infiltration system of object surface
Number is higher, then the laying depth of the 1st sublayer needs corresponding increase.
2nd sublayer is arranged on the 1st sublayer, is mainly made up of chemically inert fine particle materials, the production of the 2nd sublayer
Raw having the technical effect that makes to infilter under enough moisture into the 1st sublayer under appropriate infiltration rate, so as to reduce the 1st sublayer
Water evaporation quantity, while protect the 1st sublayer under Rainfall Condition not by the erosion and destruction of current.Form the material of the 2nd sublayer
Expect that the average diameter of particle between 200 μm to 5000 μm, preferably between 200 μm to 2000 μm and requires that particle diameter is tried one's best
Uniformly, it is desirable to which the ratio between the matric suction of material and the matric suction of the 1st sublayer are less than 1/2, preferably smaller than 1/3.The infiltration of material
Coefficient requirements are 10-3 In the range of cm/s to 1 cm/s；The laying depth requirement of 2nd sublayer is more than this layer of matric suction value（With cm
Water column represents）1.5 times.
3rd sublayer is arranged on the 2nd sublayer, is mainly made up of chemically inert coarse particulate material.3rd sublayer is produced
Raw has the technical effect that the 2nd sublayer of protection by the erosion and destruction of current, will not reduce the water evaporation quantity of the 2nd sublayer, together
When also play heat buffering, weaken or eliminate mechanical stress that the Freeze-thaw cycle that is alternately produced by the four seasons is formed to the 2nd
Damaging influence caused by sublayer and the 1st sublayer.The average diameter of particles requirement for forming the 3rd sub-layer material is more than 3 mm, preferably
For more than big 1 order of magnitude of average diameter than the 2nd sublayer material therefor particle and particle diameter is as far as possible uniform, in the absence of particle diameter 7
More than cm larger particles, so as to avoid the integrality of the 2nd sublayer of bulky grain destruction in process of deployment；The matric suction of material
3 cm water columns need to be less than, preferably equal to or close to 0 cm water columns；The infiltration coefficient requirement of material is more than 1 cm/s, the 3rd sublayer
Laying depth requirement be more than 6 cm, preferably greater than 14 cm.
3 sublayers that the present invention has different infiltration coefficients, different substrates suction and different-thickness by above three are formed
A kind of composite closure structure, by the control of the particle diameter to material therefor and laying depth this 2 physical parameters come real
The technique effect of existing each sublayer structure, avoid in prior art caused by using chemical or biological consumable material
It is difficult to long-term the problem of continuing, can be greatly reduced or eliminate the maintenance cost of closure construction.Meanwhile in water shortage punja short of rain
Area, it can be combined with the local physical condition in landfill field and the technical parameter of the 2nd sublayer in the present invention be adjusted flexibly, from
And the effect of water storage soil moisture conservation is realized on the premise of ensureing to cover effect.The present invention also has a construction is simple, cheap excellent of cost
Gesture, it is highly suitable for mining area popularization.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the composite closure structure of the Mine Solid Wastes landfill field of the sulfur compound in the embodiment of the present invention 1 is shown
It is intended to；
Wherein：1：1st sublayer；2：2nd sublayer；3：3rd sublayer；4：Original debris；5：Monitoring well；
Fig. 2 is the front view of monitoring well in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the top view of monitoring well in Fig. 1；
Wherein：5-1：Punch section；5-2：Real pipeline section；5-3：Pad muscle；5-4：Geotextile；
Fig. 4 is change schematic diagram of the water level in observation cycle in monitoring well in the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 5 is the laboratory test equipment therefor schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention 2；
Wherein：6：Acrylic pipe；7：Ordinary water headpin；8：Plug；9：Permeable stone；
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of four groups of examples of experimentation in the embodiment of the present invention 2；
Fig. 7 is that the moisture of four groups of examples in the embodiment of the present invention 2 adds up evaporation capacity and time chart.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The average annual precipitation of certain Tailings Dam location is 980 mm, the wet season be June to August, dry season is September to next
March in year, the composite closure of the surface laying present invention of original debris 4 in reservoir area.
The composite closure structure of the present embodiment from the bottom to top, as shown in figure 1, successively by the 1st sublayer 1, the 2nd sublayer 2 and the 3rd
Sublayer 3 forms；
The 1st wherein described sublayer 1 is laid immediately on the surface of original debris 4, thickness 10cm, the material of the 1st sublayer 1 of composition
Material selection sand loam, mean particle size are 150 μm, and matric suction is 9.18 cm water columns, and infiltration coefficient is 1.85 × 10- 5cm/s；
The described thickness of the 2nd sublayer 2 is 10 cm, forms the material selection aeolian sand of the 2nd sublayer 2, and material granule is averaged
A diameter of 4800 μm, the matric suction of the 2nd sublayer 2 is 3.06 cm H2O, infiltration coefficient are 1.48 × 10-2cm/s；
The described thickness of the 3rd sublayer 3 is 15cm, and the material selection coarse gravel of the 3rd sublayer 3 of composition, material granule is averaged
The cm water columns of diameter 3-12.5 mm, matric suction ＜ 3, the cm/s of infiltration coefficient 25.
It is each at 7 diverse locations in reservoir area to set 1 mouthful during the composite closure of said structure is laid to Tailings Dam
Monitoring well 5, as shown in Fig. 1 ~ 3, monitoring 5 is made up of the mm of external diameter 110, the mm of wall thickness 4.2 HDPE pipes, bottom welding plug, always
Length is 700 mm（Do not include plug）, by real pipeline section 5-2（Epimere）With punching section 5-1（Hypomere）Composition, wherein real pipeline section 5-2
The mm of length 350；Punch the mm of section 5-1 length 350.Punch and the mm of φ 10, porosity are bored on section 5-1>10% hole, outside colligation φ
2.5mm muscle pad 5-3, muscle pad outside parcel density is 200g/m2Geotextile 5-4.
The set-up mode of monitoring well 5 is as illustrated, punching section 5-1 runs through composite closure layer, the mine tailing that bottom to initial pile is filled out
Surface 4, the water in laid composite closure layer is set to enter in well, real pipeline section 5-2 exposes earth's surface, and top capping prevents rainwater
Into the water for making to be deposited in monitoring well penetrates into all from composite closure layer.
The field observation time is June ~ November then, and 6 months altogether, the wherein wet season was June ~ August；Dry season be September ~
In November, the height of water level in monitoring well is observed 1 time weekly, observed 24 times altogether.Observed result is as shown in Figure 4.Field observation
As a result show：Water level average height during observation in monitoring well is 16.7cm, is illustrated in the capping laid according to this method
In layer, the 1st sublayer 1 is substantially at by water saturation state；Water level average height within dry season in monitoring well is 16.4 cm,
Illustrate that this method can effectively keep the moisture content of the 1st sublayer 1 while blocking oxygen enters inside mining tailing wasteland, that is,
Saying can make the 1st sublayer 1 have preferable water holding capacity, therefore the composite closure of the present invention can also be answered in arid area
With popularization.
Embodiment 2
The purpose of the present embodiment is to illustrate the 2nd molecular layers thick in the composite closure structure of invention by laboratory test
Change the influence to the 1st sublayer moisture evaporation speed.
The laboratory test equipment therefor of the present embodiment as shown in figure 5, test chamber using the mm of external diameter 110, the mm of wall thickness 5
Acrylic pipe 6, container head opening, sealed bottom have plug 8, close to one mm's of internal diameter 10 of the side of container bottom connection
Acrylic pipe is as ordinary water headpin 7, and container bottom places the thick permeable stones 9 of 5cm, to prevent that sample enters ordinary water headpin in container
7。
Laying depth is 10 cm, particle diameter first on permeable stone 9 in test chamber<0.02 mm sulfur-bearing tailings, contains
The infiltration coefficient of sulphur tailings is 10-6Cm/s, the composite closure layer of the present embodiment is laid above sulfur-bearing tailings.
Wherein, the 1st sublayer material therefor of composite closure layer is desulfurization gold ore tailing, and the average diameter of material granule is 30
μm, infiltration coefficient is 6.6 × 10-5Cm/s, matric suction are 316 cm water columns, and laying depth is 10 cm；
2nd sublayer material therefor is ground slag, and material granule average diameter is 750 μm, and infiltration coefficient is 4.1 × 10- 2Cm/s, matric suction are 6.6 cm water columns, and the laying depth of the 2nd sublayer is respectively 5 cm, 10 cm and 20 in three groups of examples
cm；
3rd sublayer material therefor is coarse grain waste mining rock, material granule average diameter>3 mm, infiltration coefficient are 25 cm/
S, matric suction value<1.3 cm water columns, the cm of laying depth 10.
Permeable stone 9 only thick 5 cm of laying in container in control group experiment, liquid level and non-control group in container
Experiment is consistent, and the moisture in observation control group experiment adds up evaporation capacity, as shown in Figure 6.
During experiment, by into ordinary water headpin 7 regular water filling make the height of water level in four groups of examples in container
It is maintained at the 1st sublayer（Desulfurization gold ore tailing）Middle part so that the 1st sublayer lower middle portion is fully saturated by water, its moisture
Loss can only be formed by evaporation.
Moisture accumulation evaporation capacity can decline height by observing accumulation of the liquid level during whole experiment in ordinary water headpin 7
Degree（In units of mm）To carry out quantificational expression, laboratory test, which amounts to, carries out 25 days, and result of the test is as shown in Figure 7.
Result of the test is as shown in fig. 7, as can be seen from the test results：The moisture evaporation speed of control group is 1.83 mm/
day.When the laying depth of the 2nd sublayer is less than its matric suction value（6.6 cm water columns）When, i.e., the laying depth of the 2nd sublayer is 5
cm（First group）, the 1st sublayer moisture evaporation speed is larger, is 0.67 mm/day；When the laying depth of the 2nd sublayer increases to it
At 1.5 times of matric suction value, i.e., the laying depth of the 2nd sublayer is 10 cm（Second group）, the moisture evaporation speed of the 1st sublayer
It is reduced to 0.37 mm/day, the half of about first group evaporation rate；Inhaled when the laying depth of the 2nd sublayer increases to its matrix
At 3 times of force value, i.e., the laying depth of the 2nd sublayer is 20 cm（3rd group）, the moisture evaporation speed of the 1st sublayer is only 0.15
mm/day。
Claims (1)
- A kind of 1. composite closure structure of the Mine Solid Wastes landfill field of sulfur compound, it is characterised in that from the bottom to top, according to It is secondary to be made up of the 1st sublayer, the 2nd sublayer and the 3rd sublayer；The mine that the 1st wherein described sublayer is laid immediately on sulfur compound is consolidated The surface of body discarded object landfill field, thickness are 4cm ~ 30cm, and the average diameter for forming the material granule of the 1st sublayer is 10 μm ~ 200 μm, matric suction ＞ 4cm water columns, infiltration coefficient 10-9cm/s~10-3cm/s；The 2nd described molecular layers thick and the 2nd sublayer base The ratio between matter suction>1.5, the average diameter for forming the material granule of the 2nd sublayer is 200 μm ~ 5000 μm, and the matrix of the 2nd sublayer is inhaled The ratio between the matric suction of power and the 1st sublayer ＜ 1/2, infiltration coefficient 10-3cm/s~1cm/s；The 3rd described molecular layers thick ＞ 6cm, form average diameter 3mm ~ 7cm of the material granule of the 3rd sublayer, matric suction ＜ 3cm water columns, infiltration coefficient ＞ 1cm/s；The material of the described sublayer of composition the 1st be particle diameter meet require it is oxidation-treated after mine tailing, low-sulfur mine tailing, warp Mine tailing, fine sand, dauk, sand loam, silt, aeolian accumulation loess or the flyash of desulfurization process；The material of the described sublayer of composition the 2nd is that particle diameter meets that the slag, the slag through desulfurization process or particulate of requirement are broken Stone；The material of the described sublayer of composition the 3rd is limestone, sandstone plum, river course cobble or the sandy beach that particle diameter meets to require Cobble.
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| CN108130884B (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2019-08-20 | 大连地拓环境科技有限公司 | A method of non-irrigated small stream landscape is done using tailing barren rock |
| CN111575007A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-08-25 | 昆明理工大学 | Anti-oxidation covering material for solid waste storage yard and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115226596A (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2022-10-25 | 云南地质工程第二勘察院有限公司 | Structure and method for pollution control and vegetation recovery of historical metal tailing pond |
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