CN218276246U - Harmonic magnetic field driven electric excitation motor - Google Patents
Harmonic magnetic field driven electric excitation motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN218276246U CN218276246U CN202221952309.7U CN202221952309U CN218276246U CN 218276246 U CN218276246 U CN 218276246U CN 202221952309 U CN202221952309 U CN 202221952309U CN 218276246 U CN218276246 U CN 218276246U
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Abstract
A harmonic magnetic field driven electrically excited machine comprising: A. the stator is provided with a plurality of tooth grooves, and the number of the grooves is Z; B. in a 360-degree mechanical space of the circumference of the stator, the stator winding is divided into m phases according to a set connection rule; C. any phase winding of the stator component with the stator windings is electrified with direct current constant current, and the number of pole pairs of a formed phase winding magnetic field is Pm in a 360-degree mechanical space of the circumference of the stator; D. the number of coils contained in each phase of stator winding is k = n × Pm (n =1,2,3 …), and single-layer winding is adopted; E. the magnetic poles of the rotor pole shoes are sequentially arranged in the circumferential direction according to the sequence of N poles and S poles through the excitation winding, and the number of the formed magnetic pole pairs of the rotor pole shoes is Pr along the 360-degree mechanical space of the rotor circumference; F. forming a motor air gap in a circumferential 360-degree mechanical space between the stator and the rotor; the magnetic pole pairs Pr of the pole shoes of the rotor must satisfy: pr = Z ± Pm, wherein the number of stator slots Z: z =2 × m × k.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a motor, in particular to harmonic magnetic field drive electric excitation motor.
Background
The motor is used as a device for converting electric energy into rotary mechanical energy, and plays an extremely important role in social production and life. The traditional electric excitation motor is convenient to control, good in assembly performance, high in reliability, generally used in high-power occasions, complex in structure, strict in production process and durable in use, and the traditional electric excitation motor has the advantages that the magnetic field intensity can be controlled by controlling the excitation current, and the speed can be regulated. Despite the advantages of conventional electro-magnetic machines, the energy saving effect, production cost and overall size are inferior to those of permanent-magnet machines. Therefore, it is highly desirable to design an electric excitation motor driven by a harmonic magnetic field.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to solve the technical problem that a harmonic magnetic field drive electric excitation motor is provided for the not enough of above-mentioned prior art, makes it can reduce the volume, improves power density, reaches energy-conserving effect.
The utility model provides a technical scheme that the problem that exists adopted does: a harmonic field drive electrically excited machine comprising: rotor subassembly, stator module, control module and pencil, the pencil passes through welded connection with control module, and control module is fixed in through reference column and elasticity fixing clip stator module, the pencil passes the radial hole that stator module set up and draws forth from the axial hole, and the bearing that stator module set up plays support and positioning action to the rotor subassembly, and harmonic magnetic field drive electro-magnetic motor circular telegram rotor subassembly is rotatory along the circumferencial direction, and the primary structure expresses as follows:
A. the stator is provided with a plurality of tooth grooves, and the number of the grooves is Z;
B. in a mechanical space of 360 degrees of the circumference of the stator, a stator winding is divided into m phases according to a set connection rule;
C. any phase winding of the stator component with the stator windings is electrified with direct current constant current, and the number of pole pairs of a formed phase winding magnetic field is Pm in a 360-degree mechanical space of the circumference of the stator;
D. the number of coils contained in each phase of stator winding is k = n × Pm (n =1,2,3 …), and single-layer winding is adopted;
E. the magnetic poles of the rotor pole shoes are sequentially arranged in the circumferential direction according to the sequence of N poles and S poles through the excitation winding, and the number of the formed magnetic pole pairs of the rotor pole shoes is Pr along the 360-degree mechanical space of the rotor circumference;
F. forming a motor air gap in a circumferential 360-degree mechanical space between the stator and the rotor;
the magnetic pole pair Pr of the pole shoes of the rotor must satisfy the following conditions: pr = Z ± Pm, wherein the number of stator slots Z: z =2 × m × k.
The embodiment of the utility model provides a design for stator slot number Z =12, rotor pole shoe magnetic pole logarithm Pr =13, every phase line package pole logarithm Pm =1, every phase line package number k =2.
More specifically, the harmonic magnetic field driven electric excitation motor of the present invention is further explained:
principle of harmonic magnetic field driving electric excitation motor:
A. whether the BLDC control or the PMSM control is adopted, the necessary condition of the rotation of the motor rotor is that the number of the magnetic field pole pairs generated by the stator winding in the air gap of the motor is equal to the number of the magnetic pole pairs of the pole shoes of the rotor;
B. after the stator winding is electrified, fundamental wave magnetomotive force is generated in an air gap of the motor, and a series of harmonic magnetic fields are distributed along the air gap space under the action of stator tooth slot magnetic conductance;
C. when the pole pair number of the specific air gap harmonic magnetic field is equal to the pole pair number Pr of the rotor pole shoe, stable electromagnetic torque is output.
In order to satisfy the principle that the harmonic magnetic field drives the electric excitation motor, the following conditions must be met:
A. the number Pr of pole shoe magnetic poles of the rotor of the electric excitation motor driven by the harmonic magnetic field must satisfy the following conditions: z ± Pm = Pr, expressed specifically as follows:
(1) according to ampere-loop law: Σ hxl = wxl = F, where H-magnetic field strength, L-magnetic path length, W-coil turn number, I-coil current, F-magnetomotive force;
(2) in a motor magnetic field closed loop, a closed circuit is formed mainly through a ferromagnetic substance and a motor air gap, so that the motor ampere loop law is expressed as follows: h (δ) × L (δ) + H (ferromagnetic) × L (ferromagnetic) = W × I = F, since H (ferromagnetic) can be approximately equal to zero in a ferromagnetic substance which is very small, H (δ) × L (δ) = W × I = F;
(3) the relationship between the magnetic induction intensity B and the magnetic field intensity H is as follows: b = μ × H, where μ — relative permeability;
(4) f = WI = B (δ) × L (δ)/μ 0, where μ 0 — the relative air permeability;
(5) the magnetic induction of the motor air gap can be expressed as: b (δ) = F × μ 0/L (δ) = F × ʌ (δ), where ʌ (δ) -motor air gap permeance, the smaller the air gap, the greater the permeance;
(6) the magnetomotive force F is distributed in the air gap of the motor in a rectangular wave mode, and can be expressed as follows according to Fourier series: f (α) = (2/pi) × F × [ sin (Pm × α) + (1/3) × sin (3 × Pm × α) + … + (1/n) × sin (n × Pm × α) ], where n =1,2,3.
F1(α)=(2/π)×F×sin(Pm×α)=(2×WI/π)×sin(Pm×α)；
(7) The motor air gap tooth magnetic conductance ʌ δ is approximately rectangular in spatial distribution, and can be expressed as:
ʌ δ (α) = ʌ + ʌ × cos (Z × α) + ʌ 2 × cos (2 × Z × α) + … + ʌ n × cos (n × Z × α), wherein,
n =1,2,3, the fundamental flux-guide amplitude is the largest, and the expression is: ʌ δ 1 (α) = ʌ + ʌ × cos (Z × α);
(8) the magnetic induction intensity expression of the stator winding fundamental wave magnetomotive force generated along the spatial distribution in the motor air gap under the modulation of the stator tooth permeance:
B(α)=F×ʌ(δ)=(2×WI/π)×sin(Pm×α)×[ʌ0+ʌ1×cos(Z×α)]
= Bm0 × sin (Ps × α) + Bm1 × sin (Pm × α) × cos (Z × α), wherein,
bm0=2 × WI × ʌ 0/pi, bm1=2 × WI × ʌ/pi, using trigonometric formula theorem: sin (a) × cos (b) = [ sin (a + b) + sin (a-b) ]/2, varying the above equation yields:
B(α)=Bm0×sin(Pm×α)+(Bm1/2)×sin[(Z+Pm)×α]+(Bm1/2)×sin[(Z-Pm)×α]
as can be seen from the above equation, the fundamental magnetomotive force generated by energization of the stator phase windings can generate the following three magnetic fields in the motor air gap:
a. the magnetic field property is equivalent to a magnetic field formed by a stator without a slot;
b. the magnetic field property is equivalent to a magnetic field formed by modulating fundamental wave magnetomotive force by stator tooth slots;
c. the magnetic field property is equivalent to a magnetic field formed by modulating fundamental magnetomotive force by stator tooth slots.
(9) Selecting the number Pr of pole shoe magnetic poles of a rotor of the harmonic magnetic field driven electric excitation motor:
a. according to the basic principle of motor operation, the motor can output stable electromagnetic torque only when the number of pole pairs of the pole shoes of the rotor is equal to the number of pole pairs formed by the stator coil;
b. according to the principle, the number Pr of pole shoe magnetic poles of the rotor of the harmonic magnetic field driven electric excitation motor must satisfy the following conditions: z + Pm = Pr or Z-Pm = Pr.
B. Selection of the number Z of stator slots of the harmonic magnetic field driven electric excitation motor: z =2 × m × k, specifically expressed as follows:
each coil has 2 upper and lower component edges, and each stator slot is a single-layer winding, i.e. only one component edge is placed in one stator slot, and each phase of winding contains k coils, and the motor is divided into m phases, so that the number Z of the stator slots of the motor needs to satisfy: z =2 × k × m, single layer winding is used.
C. The harmonic magnetic field drives the relation of the number k of each phase line packet and the number Pm of the pole pairs formed by each phase line packet of the electric excitation motor: k = n × Pm, wherein n =1,2,3 … is specifically expressed as follows:
as can be seen from the principle of electromagnetic field, 1 coil can only form 1 pair of polar magnetic fields, so the number k of the coils is more than or equal to the number Pm of the pole pairs of the magnetic poles of the coils. On the 360-degree mechanical space of the motor air gap circumference, the principle of air gap magnetic field amplitude symmetry is considered: the number of the coils forming 1 pair of poles can be 1,2,3, …; the number of the coils forming the 2 pairs of poles can be 2,4,6, …; the number of the coils forming the 3 pairs of poles can be 3,6,9 and …; the number of the coils forming the Pm antipode is as follows: k = n × Pm, where n =1,2,3 ….
According to principle conditions, when a three-phase (m = 3) winding structure is adopted, the combination of the number of stator slots/the number of magnetic pole pairs of rotor pole shoes/the number of packets of each phase of the harmonic magnetic field driving electric excitation motor is as follows:
the control mode of the harmonic magnetic field driven electric excitation motor is as follows: the method is suitable for a BLDC control mode and a PMSM control mode, wherein the BLDC is a square wave voltage (current) driving mode, and the PMSM is a sine wave voltage (current) driving mode.
The principle that the harmonic magnetic field drives the electric excitation motor to improve the power volume density is as follows:
A. basic evaluation indexes of an electrically excited motor: the motor is used as a rotary mechanical device, vibration noise is inevitably generated, and the cogging torque pulsation of the motor is an important source for causing the vibration noise of the motor, so that the cogging torque pulsation must be reduced at the same time when the motor pursues the power volume density (watt/liter) to be extremely consistent, the vibration noise of the motor is ensured to be in a reasonable range, and the improvement of the power volume density has practical significance;
B. the main means for improving the power volume density of the electrically excited motor are as follows: a. optimizing a magnetic circuit of the motor: the lifting effect is limited; b. reducing the value of the air gap between the stator and the rotor of the motor: basically, the amplitude of the air gap magnetic field is inversely proportional to the air gap value, so the improvement effect is obvious;
C. the negative influence of the motor air gap value on the motor tooth space torque pulsation is reduced: the tooth space moment amplitude is in direct proportion to the square of the air gap magnetic field amplitude, so that the motor tooth space moment pulsation is obviously increased by reducing the air gap value of the motor, and the vibration noise of the motor is also obviously increased;
D. the effective method for reducing the cogging torque pulsation amplitude of the motor comprises the following steps:
a. under the condition of maintaining a fixed motor air gap value, theoretical research shows that an effective method for reducing motor tooth space moment pulsation is to increase the fluctuation period number (the number of the periods of rotor rotation and tooth space moment fluctuation) of the motor tooth space moment, wherein the fluctuation period number is equal to the least common multiple of the number of stator slots and the number of rotor pole shoe magnetic poles;
b. the ratio of the fluctuation period number of the harmonic magnetic field driven electric excitation motor to the fluctuation period number of the traditional electric excitation motor under the condition of the same stator slot number is as follows:
as can be seen from the comparison results, in the case where the number of stator slots is the same, the number of cogging torque ripple cycles of the harmonic magnetic field driven electric excitation motor is greatly increased as compared with that of the conventional electric excitation motor.
Preferably, the left side face of the magnetic yoke, the right side face of the magnetic yoke, the upper end face of the magnetic yoke and the lower end face of the magnetic yoke which are arranged on the pole shoe are all subjected to insulation treatment, and the pole shoe and the excitation winding play an insulation role.
Preferably, the left side surface of the magnetic yoke, the right side surface of the magnetic yoke, the upper end surface of the magnetic yoke and the lower end surface of the magnetic yoke, which are arranged on the pole shoe, are respectively matched with the left side of the excitation winding, the right side of the excitation winding, the upper side of the excitation winding and the lower side of the excitation winding to perform radial and axial positioning of the excitation winding.
Preferably, the excitation winding can control the direction of the excitation current by setting a winding mode so as to realize that the magnetism of the 26 pole shoes is distributed in an N pole and S pole alternating arrangement.
Preferably, the motor shaft of the stator assembly is provided with a positive conducting ring and a negative conducting ring, the rotor assembly is provided with a positive conducting plate and a negative conducting plate, and the positive pole and the negative pole of the power supply respectively supply power to the excitation winding through the positive conducting ring, the positive conducting plate, the negative conducting ring and the negative conducting plate.
Preferably, an insulating ring is arranged between the positive conducting ring and the motor shaft and between the negative conducting ring and the motor shaft, so that the insulating function is achieved.
Preferably, a motor shaft of the stator assembly is provided with a radial hole and an axial hole, and the wire harness penetrates through the radial hole and is led out from the axial hole.
Preferably, the stator assembly is provided with the elastic fixing clamp and the positioning column to position and fix the control module, so that the positioning precision of the control module can be improved, and the control module can be fixed more firmly and reliably.
The harmonic magnetic field driving electric excitation motor can be designed into an outer stator inner rotor structure according to different purposes, and the performance and the effect which are equivalent to those of the outer stator inner rotor structure in the patent embodiment can be achieved.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages of: the harmonic magnetic field driving electric excitation motor greatly improves the tooth space moment fluctuation period number through the combination of the set stator slot number and the set rotor pole shoe magnetic pole number, can maintain or reduce the tooth space moment fluctuation amplitude of the harmonic magnetic field driving electric excitation motor while reducing the air gap value of the harmonic magnetic field driving electric excitation motor, enables the pole pair number of the harmonic magnetic field generated by the stator to be equal to the pole pair number of the rotor pole shoe through the set stator winding mode, forms stable electromagnetic torque output, can adopt a smaller harmonic magnetic field to drive the electric excitation motor air gap, greatly improves the air gap magnetic field strength, enables the output power of the harmonic magnetic field driving electric excitation motor to be improved in a positive proportion, and synchronously improves the power volume density of the harmonic magnetic field driving electric excitation motor in a positive proportion. Compared with the traditional electric excitation motor, under the condition that the output power is the same, the volume of the harmonic magnetic field driven electric excitation motor is reduced by more than one time, which means that the weight of the harmonic magnetic field driven electric excitation motor is also reduced by more than one time, so that the use cost of motor materials can be obviously saved, the power density is improved, the energy-saving effect is achieved, and the product market competitive advantage is greatly improved. The harmonic magnetic field driving electric excitation motor structure can be matched with traditional BLDC and PMSM motor control modules, and has strong universality in control aspect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of an electric excitation motor driven by a harmonic magnetic field according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an exploded schematic view of a harmonic magnetic field driven electric excitation motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an electric excitation motor driven by a harmonic magnetic field according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 isbase:Sub>A partial view of the cross-sectional viewbase:Sub>A-base:Sub>A in fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a partial enlarged view of F in fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is an exploded view of a rotor assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a partial enlarged view of W in fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the excitation winding according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is an exploded view of a stator assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a motor shaft according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a harmonic magnetic field driven electric excitation motor includes a rotor assembly 1, a stator assembly 2, a control module 3, and a wire harness 4. When the harmonic magnetic field drives the electric excitation motor to work in an electrified mode, torque is output through rotation of the rotor assembly 1, and electric energy is converted into mechanical energy.
As shown in fig. 3 to 10, the rotor assembly 1 is composed of a casing 11, a rotor 12, an excitation winding 13, a positive conductive sheet 14, and a negative conductive sheet 15.
The rotor 12 is adhered to the inner circumferential surface of the housing 11 by an adhesive.
The rotor 12 is provided with 26 pole shoes 1201 (13 pairs of poles) uniformly on an inner circle.
The pole shoe 1201 is provided with a yoke left side 1202, a yoke right side 1203, a yoke upper end 1204 and a yoke lower end 1204 which are all insulated, and the pole shoe and the excitation winding 13 are insulated.
The left side surface 1202 of the magnetic yoke, the right side surface 1203 of the magnetic yoke, the upper end surface 1204 of the magnetic yoke and the lower end surface 1204 of the magnetic yoke, which are arranged on the pole shoe 1201, are respectively matched with the left side 1301 of the excitation winding 13, the right side 1302 of the excitation winding, the upper side 1303 of the excitation winding and the lower side 1304 of the excitation winding to position the excitation winding 13 in the radial direction and the axial direction.
The excitation winding 13 can control the direction of the excitation current by setting the winding mode to realize that the magnetic poles of the 26 pole shoes 1201 are alternately distributed according to the N pole and the S pole.
The motor shaft 211 of the stator assembly is provided with a positive conducting ring 29 and a negative conducting ring 2010, the rotor assembly is provided with a positive conducting plate 14 and a negative conducting plate 15, and the positive pole and the negative pole of the power supply respectively supply power to the excitation winding 13 through the positive conducting ring 29, the positive conducting plate 14, the negative conducting ring 2010 and the negative conducting plate 15.
An insulating ring 2011 is arranged between the positive conducting ring 29 and the negative conducting ring 2010 and the motor shaft 211, and plays a role in insulation.
The stator 21 of the stator component 2 is uniformly provided with 12 tooth sockets on the outer circle, the number of pole pairs of each phase line is 1, and the number of phase lines is 2.
The wire harness 4 is connected with the control module 3 by welding.
A radial hole 2111 and an axial hole 2112 are arranged on the motor shaft 211 of the stator assembly 2, so that the wiring harness 4 can conveniently pass through the radial hole 2111 and the axial hole 2112, and the leading-out of the wiring harness 4 is realized.
The bearings 23 and 28 arranged on the stator assembly 2 are fixed in the casing 11 of the rotor assembly 1, and play a role in supporting and positioning the rotor assembly 1, and the harmonic magnetic field drives the rotor assembly to rotate in the circumferential direction when the electric excitation motor works in an electrified mode.
The stator assembly 2 is provided with stop rings 25 and 26 for fixing the bearings 23 and 28 respectively so as to realize axial limiting of the rotor assembly 1, and the arranged wear- resistant gaskets 24 and 27 play a role in reducing friction force.
Claims (9)
1. A harmonic magnetic field driven electric excitation motor is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
A. the stator is provided with a plurality of tooth grooves, and the number of the grooves is Z;
B. in a 360-degree mechanical space of the circumference of the stator, the stator winding is divided into m phases according to a set connection rule;
C. any phase winding of the stator component with the stator windings is electrified with direct current constant current, and the number of pole pairs of a formed phase winding magnetic field is Pm in a 360-degree mechanical space of the circumference of the stator;
D. the number of coils contained in each phase of stator winding is k = n × Pm (n =1,2,3 …), and single-layer winding is adopted;
E. the magnetic poles of the rotor pole shoes are sequentially arranged in the circumferential direction according to the sequence of N poles and S poles through the excitation winding, and the number of the formed magnetic pole pairs of the rotor pole shoes is Pr along the 360-degree mechanical space of the rotor circumference;
F. forming a motor air gap in a circumferential 360-degree mechanical space between the stator and the rotor;
the magnetic pole pair Pr of the pole shoes of the rotor must satisfy the following conditions: pr = Z ± Pm, wherein the number of stator slots Z: z =2 × m × k.
2. The harmonic magnetic field driven electric excitation motor according to claim 1, wherein: the number Z =12 of the stator slots, the number Pr =13 of the magnetic pole pairs of the rotor pole shoes, the number Pm =1 of the pole pairs of each phase line packet, and the number k =2 of each phase line packet.
3. The harmonic magnetic field driven electric excitation motor according to claim 1, wherein: and the left side surface of the magnetic yoke, the right side surface of the magnetic yoke, the upper end surface of the magnetic yoke and the lower end surface of the magnetic yoke which are arranged on the pole shoe of the rotor are all subjected to insulation treatment, and the magnetic yoke and the excitation winding play an insulation role.
4. The harmonic magnetic field driven electric excitation motor according to claim 1, wherein: the magnetic yoke left side surface, the magnetic yoke right side surface, the magnetic yoke upper end surface and the magnetic yoke lower end surface arranged on the rotor pole shoe are respectively matched with the excitation winding left side, the excitation winding right side, the excitation winding upper side and the excitation winding lower side of the excitation winding to perform radial and axial positioning of the excitation winding.
5. The harmonic magnetic field driven electric excitation motor according to claim 1, wherein: the direction of the exciting current of the exciting winding is controlled by setting a winding mode so as to realize that the magnetic poles of the 26 pole shoes are alternately arranged and distributed according to N poles and S poles.
6. The harmonic magnetic field driven electric excitation motor according to claim 5, wherein: the motor shaft of the stator assembly is provided with a positive conducting ring and a negative conducting ring, the rotor assembly is provided with a positive conducting strip and a negative conducting strip, and the positive pole and the negative pole of the power supply respectively supply power to the excitation winding through the positive conducting ring and the positive conducting strip and the negative conducting ring and the negative conducting strip.
7. The harmonic magnetic field driven electric excitation motor according to claim 6, wherein: and insulating rings are arranged between the positive conducting ring and the motor shaft and between the negative conducting ring and the motor shaft.
8. The harmonic magnetic field driven electric excitation motor according to claim 1, wherein: a motor shaft of the stator assembly is provided with a radial hole and an axial hole, and a wire harness penetrates through the radial hole and is led out from the axial hole.
9. The harmonic magnetic field driven electric excitation motor according to claim 1, wherein: and the stator assembly is provided with an elastic fixing clamp and a positioning column for positioning and fixing the control module.
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| CN202221952309.7U CN218276246U (en) | 2022-07-27 | 2022-07-27 | Harmonic magnetic field driven electric excitation motor |
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| CN202221952309.7U CN218276246U (en) | 2022-07-27 | 2022-07-27 | Harmonic magnetic field driven electric excitation motor |
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