CN218058226U - Tower crane - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a hoisting equipment field discloses a tower crane, and this tower crane's body of the tower crane (1) top is connected with fixed stay (5), and davit (2) are articulated to the top of body of the tower (1) and include balance arm (21) and jib loading boom (23) through articulated shaft (22 a), balance arm (21) are installed and are fixed in self-discharging balanced heavy (4) of mounted position through self-discharging locking mechanism (3), fixed stay (5) are connected to through traction mechanism self-discharging locking mechanism (3). Under the condition that the sudden change of the lifting moment is reduced, the crane boom (23) lifts relative to the tower body (1) and pulls the self-unloading locking mechanism (3) to release the self-unloading counterweight (4) through the pulling mechanism when the crane boom lifts to a preset angle, so that the lifting motion of the crane boom caused by the severe change of the borne instantaneous load can be inhibited, the bending moment impact on the tower body is reduced or avoided, and the risk of overturning accidents is effectively reduced.

Description

Tower crane

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a hoisting equipment specifically relates to a tower crane.

Background

Tower cranes (also called "tower cranes") have a high-rise tower body and are widely used in building construction, bridges, wind power, harbors and docks, nuclear power plants and other construction. With the development trend of large-scale, modularization and intensification of construction projects, ultra-large development requirements are also put forward for tower cranes. The super-large tower crane has the characteristics of high operation height, heavy hoisting load, long operation amplitude and the like, and compared with a common tower crane, the super-large tower crane has high manufacturing cost and large volume, so that property loss and secondary damage caused by overturning accidents can be obviously increased.

In contrast, the conventional tower crane generally achieves the purpose of improving the anti-overturning performance of the tower crane by means of enhancing the overall and local structural strength of the tower body or adjusting the mass distribution and the like. However, with the increase of the hoisting load, the method is difficult to meet the requirement of the anti-overturning performance of the ultra-large tower crane, especially under the condition of sudden unloading such as the breakage of a steel wire rope of the hoisting load, the instantaneous load borne by the hoisting arm is changed violently, huge bending moment impact is generated on the tower body, and the overturning accident of the crane is difficult to avoid by simply enhancing the structural strength and adjusting the mass distribution.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims at overcoming the tower crane that prior art exists and taking place the problem of the accident of overturning easily under the condition of taking place suddenly uninstallation, provide a tower crane, this tower crane can trigger the self-discharging counterweight for releasing on the balance arm mechanically when the relative tower body of jib loading boom is raised upward to reduce the risk of taking place the accident of overturning through suppressing raising of jib loading boom.

In order to achieve the above object, an aspect of the present invention provides a tower crane, including:

the top end of the tower body is connected with a fixed support;

a boom hinged to the top end of the tower body through a hinge shaft and including a balance arm extending from a hinge position to one side of the tower body and a boom extending to the opposite side, the balance arm being mounted with a self-discharging balance weight fixed to a mounting position through a self-discharging locking mechanism, the fixed support being connected to the self-discharging locking mechanism through a pulling mechanism, wherein,

under the condition that the sudden change of the lifting moment of the lifting arm is reduced, the lifting arm can rotate around the hinged shaft relative to the tower body to enable the lifting arm to lift relative to the tower body, and the self-unloading locking mechanism is pulled to release the self-unloading counterweight through the pulling mechanism when the lifting arm lifts to a preset angle.

Preferably, the traction mechanism comprises a pull rod hinged to the dump lock mechanism and extending along the balance arm, the pull rod being connected to the fixed support by a flexible cable.

Preferably, the pull rod comprises a plurality of pull rod sections which are connected in sequence, and every two adjacent pull rod sections are detachably connected and/or connected with each other so that the pull rod has flexibility at the connected position.

Preferably, the top end of the tower body is provided with a fixed support, and the fixed support is fixed on the fixed support.

Preferably, the boom includes a link arm connected between the balance arm and the boom, and the hinge shaft is provided at a lower side of the link arm and connected to the fixed mount.

Preferably, a support shaft is arranged on the lower side of the end part of the connecting arm connected to the crane arm, and is supported on the top end of the fixed support through the support shaft.

Preferably, the self-discharging locking mechanism including articulate respectively in the carrier bar and the supporting mechanism of balance arm, the carrier bar by the supporting mechanism bearing with the self-discharging is balanced to keep in the mounted position, the pulling mechanism is connected to the supporting mechanism, so that when the jib is relative raise to the predetermined angle on the tower body with this supporting mechanism tractive be relative the carrier bar rotates to breaking away from the position of bearing this carrier bar, so that the self-discharging is balanced heavy follow the carrier bar freely drops.

Preferably, one of the load beam and the supporting mechanism is formed with a groove, and the other is formed with a spherical surface matched with the groove, so that the spherical surface can be pulled out from the groove by rotating the supporting mechanism to be separated from the position for bearing the load beam.

Preferably, the boom and the carrier bar extend horizontally, the support mechanism is hinged to the bottom beam of the boom, and the angle between the support mechanism and the carrier bar, which faces the side of the self-discharging counterweight, is greater than 90 ° in the state of supporting the carrier bar.

Preferably, the tower crane further comprises a damping device hinged to the tower body and the crane arm at two ends respectively, the damping device is used for slowing the relative rotation speed of the crane arm and the tower body, or the self-locking device is used for locking the crane arm at the extreme hoisting position.

Through the technical scheme, the utility model discloses a tower crane can allow the davit to rotate around the relative body of the tower of articulated shaft under the condition of the unexpected uninstallation of jib loading boom to drive self-discharging locking mechanism motion, body of the tower restriction traction mechanism's motion and with self-discharging locking mechanism tractive for releasing self-discharging counterweight through the davit, can restrain the davit from this because of the violent upward movement that changes the result of the instantaneous load that bears, thereby reduce or avoid the moment of flexure impact to the body of the tower, effectively reduced the risk of the accident that topples.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a tower crane according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the boom of FIG. 1 shown in section;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view after a sudden unloading of the boom;

fig. 4 is an enlarged view of the boom shown in fig. 3 after being cut.

Description of the reference numerals

1-a tower body; 1 a-a fixed support; 2-a suspension arm; 21-a balance arm; 22-a linker arm; 22 a-an articulated shaft; 22 b-a support shaft; 23-a crane boom; 3-self-unloading locking mechanism; 31-a carrier beam; 32-a support mechanism; 4-self-discharging balance weight; 5, fixing and supporting; 6-a flexible cord; 7-a pull rod; 8-damping device.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the description of the embodiments herein is for purposes of illustration and explanation only and is not intended to limit the invention.

Referring to fig. 1 to 4, a tower crane according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a tower body 1 and a boom 2 connected to a top end of the tower body 1, the boom 2 being hinged to the tower body 1 by a hinge shaft 22a, and including a balance arm 21 extending from a hinged position to one side of the tower body 1 and a boom 23 extending to the opposite side. The boom 23 may be provided with a suspension assembly such as a wire rope, hook, or the like for connection to a load to be suspended. The balance arm 21 is attached with the self-discharging counterweight 4, and the self-discharging counterweight 4 is fixed to the attachment position by the self-discharging lock mechanism 3. When the crane boom 23 is suddenly unloaded due to connection failure of the hanging component and a hoisted load, breakage of a steel wire rope and the like, the instantaneous load borne by the crane boom 23 is changed violently, so that the crane boom 2 can rotate around the hinged shaft 22a of the crane boom 2 and the tower body 1, and the crane boom 23 is lifted. For this reason, the utility model discloses a tower crane still includes the fixed stay 5 that is connected to the top of body of the tower 1, and this fixed stay 5 is connected to self-discharging locking mechanism 3 through the traction mechanism to can release self-discharging counterweight 4 through this self-discharging locking mechanism 3 of traction in the relative body of the tower 1 of jib loading boom 23 in-process of rising, with the motion of suppressing the rising of jib loading boom 23.

Fixed support 5 and traction mechanism

The utility model discloses an among the tower crane, fixed stay 5 and traction mechanism can trigger self-discharging locking mechanism 3 and release self-discharging balanced heavy 4 after jib loading boom 23 takes place to raise to make this self-discharging balanced heavy 4 drop from balance arm 21. Specifically, in the present invention, the traction mechanism includes a pull rod 7 hinged to (the supporting mechanism 32 of) the self-unloading locking mechanism 3, the pull rod 7 extends along the extending direction of the balance arm 23, and is connected to the fixed support 5 at the other end through a flexible rope 6 such as a steel wire rope, thereby, under the linkage action of the traction mechanism, the self-unloading locking mechanism 3 can be triggered by pulling to release the self-unloading counterweight 4 on the balance arm 21, thereby the upward movement of the suspension arm 2 caused by the violent change of the borne instantaneous load can be inhibited, the bending moment impact on the tower body 1 is reduced or avoided, and the risk of occurrence of overturn accidents is effectively reduced.

Since the position of the dump lock mechanism 3 will change during the rotation of the boom 2 relative to the tower body 1, the extending path of the drawbar 7 will also change, and for this purpose, besides the drawbar 7 can be hinged to the dump lock mechanism 3, the drawbar 7 can be made flexible to adapt to the action of the boom 2. For example, the tie 7 may be arranged to comprise a plurality of tie segments connected in series to allow the tie 7 to be bent in the connected position. In addition, a plurality of tie rod segments may also be provided that are detachably connected to each other.

Under normal operating condition, the extending direction of davit 2 and body of tower 1 is arranged for being perpendicular to each other usually, and the utility model discloses a self-discharging trigger device need utilize body of tower 1 to trigger self-discharging locking mechanism 3 on davit 2 for pulling the basis, from this, need utilize the tractive mechanism to change pulling force direction of transfer. By providing the pull rod 7 with flexibility and connecting it to the fixed support 5 by the flexible rope 6, a pulling force in the extending direction of the boom 2 is applied to the self-discharging lock mechanism 3, whereby the self-discharging lock mechanism 3 can be triggered to release the self-discharging counterweight 4 when the boom 2 is rotated relative to the tower 1.

It will be appreciated that in the event of sudden unloading, the boom 2 as a whole is turned relative to the tower 1, causing lift on the boom 23. Therefore, the balance arm 21 and the crane arm 23 of the present invention are distinguished by different extending portions of the boom 2 relative to the tower body 1 for clarity only, and are connected to each other as a whole (i.e. the boom 2 may be an integral truss structure). Therefore, the arm 2 further includes a link arm 22 connected between the balance arm 21 and the lift arm 23, and a hinge shaft 22a for mutual hinge-joint with the tower body 1 may be provided at a lower side of the link arm 22. In order to avoid interference with the relevant components such as the hoisting cable, the fixed support 5 may be extended to a position spaced apart from these components and the transmission of the tensile force is achieved by means of the flexible rope 6.

In normal operation the tower 1 is under pressure from the boom 2 and thus needs to provide sufficient support for the boom 2. For this purpose, a support shaft 22b may be provided on the lower side of the end portion of the connecting arm 22 connected to the boom 23, and the boom 2 may be supported by the top end of the tower body 1 via the support shaft 22 b.

According to the progress of construction, the height of the tower body 1 is raised by adding a standard knot, and the like, so that a fixed support 1a for connecting the boom 2 is usually required to be arranged at the top end of the tower body 1. The fixed support 1a may be formed with a recess for a support 22b, which recess may act as a limit in the extension direction of the boom 2. In this case, the fixed support 5 may be fixed to the fixed support 1a so that the connection relationship with the tower 1 does not need to be adjusted during the construction.

Mounting structure of self-discharging balance weight

The utility model discloses an among the tower crane, self-discharging counterweight 4 can take place to raise at jib loading boom 23 after being released to drop from balance arm 21. This self-discharging balance weight 4 is fixed in the mounted position through self-discharging locking mechanism 3, self-discharging locking mechanism 3 can include carrier beam 31 and supporting mechanism 32, supporting mechanism 32 one end articulates on this davit 2, the other end bears carrier beam 31, so as to make self-discharging balance weight 4 keep on davit 2 through carrier beam 31, supporting mechanism 32 arranges to be can be driven for rotating to making carrier beam 31 break away from the state of being born around its articulated axis with davit 2, thereby make self-discharging balance weight 4 freely drop from carrier beam 31. When the tower crane unloads suddenly due to connection failure of the hanging component and a hoisted load, breakage of a steel wire rope and the like, the suspension arm 2 can rotate around the hinged shaft 22a of the suspension arm and the tower body 1, and the suspension arm 2 is lifted. In the process of lifting the boom 2, the support mechanism 32 is triggered to rotate around the hinge axis of the support mechanism and the boom 2 until the carrier beam 31 is separated from the supported state, so that the self-discharging balance weight 4 is freely separated from the carrier beam 31, the lifting motion of the boom 2 caused by the violent change of the borne instantaneous load can be inhibited, the moment impact on the tower body 1 is reduced or avoided, and the risk of overturning accidents is effectively reduced.

The load beam 31 and the support mechanism 32 are connected in a supported manner by matching a spherical surface with a groove, for example, when the load beam 31 is provided with a groove, the end of the support mechanism 32 is designed to be in a spherical form, so that the spherical end of the support mechanism 32 is located in the groove on the load beam 31, thereby supporting the load beam 31, and when the support mechanism 32 is driven to rotate for a certain angle, the spherical surface is released from the groove, so that the support mechanism 32 is released from the position for supporting the load beam 31, the load beam 31 rotates downward around the hinge point of the load beam 31 and the balance arm 21, and the self-discharging balance weight 4 is released, so that the self-discharging balance weight 4 falls off from the balance arm 21; alternatively, the load beam 31 may be formed in a spherical shape, and accordingly, the end of the support mechanism 32 is designed as a groove, so that the spherical surface is located in the groove, the support mechanism 32 supports the load beam 31 through the groove, and when the support mechanism 32 is driven to rotate by a certain angle, the spherical surface is released from the groove, so that the support mechanism 32 is separated from the position of the load beam 31, the load beam 31 rotates downward around the hinge point of the load beam 31 and the balance arm 21, and the self-discharging balance weight 4 is released, so that the self-discharging balance weight 4 falls off from the balance arm 21.

The carrier beam 31 and the support mechanism 32 constitute a self-discharging lock mechanism 3, the self-discharging lock mechanism 3 is connected to a transmission mechanism, and when the boom 23 is raised, the transmission mechanism triggers the self-discharging lock mechanism 3 to release the self-discharging counterweight 4 so that the self-discharging counterweight 4 falls off from the boom 21. The self-discharging counterweight 4 is held on the balance arm 21 by a load beam 31, and one end of the load beam 31 is hinged to the balance arm 21 and the other end is supported by a support mechanism 32 hinged to the balance arm 21. The support mechanism 32 is connected to a transmission mechanism that can be pulled to apply a pulling force to the support mechanism 32 in a direction away from the self-discharging counterweight 4, so that the support mechanism 32 is out of the position of the support beam 31.

In normal operation, as shown in fig. 1, the extending directions of the boom 2 and the tower body 1 are generally arranged perpendicular to each other, the boom 2 extends in a horizontal direction, and correspondingly, the carrier beam 31 also extends in a horizontal direction, the support mechanism 32 is hinged to the bottom beam of the boom 2, and in the state of supporting the carrier beam 31, the support mechanism 32 forms an angle of more than 90 ° with the carrier beam 31 on the side facing the self-discharging counterweight 4. And the utility model discloses a traction mechanism need utilize body of the tower 1 to trigger self-discharging locking mechanism 3 on the davit 2 for pulling the basis, from this, can change pulling force direction of transfer through aforementioned fixed stay 5 and traction mechanism.

Based on above-mentioned fixed stay, the mounting structure of traction mechanism and self-discharging counterweight, the utility model discloses a tower crane can set up to the supporting mechanism 32 who is connected to self-discharging locking mechanism 3 with pull rod 7, under the relative body of tower 1 of davit 2 rotates for making the relative body of tower 1 of jib 23 raise, utilize the relative motion of davit 2 and body of tower 1 and by trigger device (pass through fixed stay 5 in proper order, flexible rope 6 and pull rod 7) pulling supporting mechanism 32 around its bearing carrier 31 relative with the articulated axis of davit 2 and rotate, until breaking away from the position of bearing carrier 31, so that self-discharging counterweight 4 freely drops from carrier 31.

The utility model discloses a tower crane can utilize self-discharging trigger device to trigger for releasing the self-discharging on the balance arm is balanced to restrain the rising of jib loading boom. The raising and resetting of the jib only enables the jib to achieve a mutual conversion between kinetic and gravitational potential energy, which energy always needs to be transferred to the tower or consumed during raising. Therefore, under the condition that the crane boom is unloaded suddenly, the lifting and resetting of the crane boom can be effectively controlled, so that the impact on the tower body is relieved, and the overturning accident of the tower crane is prevented. Therefore, a damping device 8 or a self-locking device can be connected between the tower body 1 and the crane boom 23 to slow down the relative rotation speed of the crane boom 23 and the tower body 1, or the crane boom 23 is locked at the extreme lifting position, so that the crane boom can be effectively supported and prevented from freely resetting when the crane boom is lifted to the extreme lifting position, the kinetic energy of the crane boom is converted into gravitational potential energy and is kept, the impact on the tower body caused by the resetting of the crane boom is avoided, and the overturning accident is effectively prevented. Typically, the damping device 8 or the self-locking device can be configured as a hydraulic component (such as a damping cylinder) and can support the lifting arm 23 at the extreme lifting position through hydraulic force, and through controlling the pulling-direction damping and the pressing-direction damping of the damping cylinder, the lifting arm 23 can be lifted and reset controllably in case of sudden unloading of the lifting arm 23, and the safety is high.

The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The technical idea of the utility model within the scope, can be right the utility model discloses a technical scheme carries out multiple simple variant, makes up with any suitable mode including each concrete technical feature. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention does not separately describe various possible combinations. These simple variations and combinations should also be considered as disclosed in the present invention, all falling within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A tower crane, comprising:

the tower comprises a tower body (1), wherein the top end of the tower body (1) is connected with a fixed support (5);

a boom (2), the boom (2) is hinged to the top end of the tower body (1) through a hinge shaft (22 a) and comprises a balance arm (21) extending from a hinge position to one side of the tower body (1) and a boom (23) extending to the opposite other side, the balance arm (21) is provided with a self-discharging balance weight (4) fixed at a mounting position through a self-discharging locking mechanism (3), the fixed support (5) is connected to the self-discharging locking mechanism (3) through a traction mechanism, wherein,

under the condition that the load moment sudden change of jib loading boom (23) reduces, davit (2) can wind articulated shaft (22 a) is relative body of the tower (1) rotates for making jib loading boom (23) is raised to this body of the tower (1) relatively, and will through when raising to predetermined angle self-discharging locking mechanism (3) tractive is the release self-discharging is balanced heavy (4) through the traction mechanism.

2. The tower crane according to claim 1, wherein the pulling mechanism comprises a pull rod (7) articulated to the dump lock mechanism (3) and extending along the balance arm (21), the pull rod (7) being connected to the fixed support (5) by a flexible rope (6).

3. A tower crane according to claim 2, characterized in that the drawbar (7) comprises a plurality of drawbar segments following one another, two adjacent drawbar segments being detachably connected to one another and/or being connected such that the drawbar (7) is flexible in the following position.

4. A tower crane according to claim 1, characterized in that the tower (1) is provided at its top end with a fixed support (1 a), to which fixed support (1 a) the fixed support (5) is fixed.

5. The tower crane according to claim 4, characterized in that the boom (2) comprises a link arm (22) connected between the jib (21) and the jib (23), the articulated shaft (22 a) being arranged on the underside of the link arm (22) and being connected to the fixed bearing (1 a).

6. A tower crane according to claim 5, characterized in that the connecting arm (22) is provided with a support shaft (22 b) on the underside of the end connected to the jib (23) and is supported by this support shaft (22 b) at the top end of the fixed mount (1 a).

7. The tower crane according to claim 1, wherein the dump block mechanism (3) comprises a load beam (31) and a support mechanism (32) respectively hinged to the balance arm (21), the load beam (31) being supported by the support mechanism (32) to hold the dump weight (4) in the installed position, and the pulling mechanism being connected to the support mechanism (32) to pull the support mechanism (32) to rotate relative to the load beam (31) to a position clear of supporting the load beam (31) when the jib (23) is raised to a predetermined angle relative to the tower (1) so that the dump weight (4) is free to fall off the load beam (31).

8. A tower crane according to claim 7, characterized in that one of the carrier beam (31) and the support means (32) is formed with a recess and the other with a spherical surface cooperating with the recess, so that the spherical surface is released from bearing against the carrier beam (31) by the support means (32) being rotated such that it comes out of the recess.

9. The tower crane according to claim 7, wherein the boom (2) and the carrier beam (31) each extend in a horizontal direction, the support means (32) are hinged to the bottom beam of the boom (2), and the support means (32) are angled more than 90 ° from the side of the carrier beam (31) facing the self-discharging counterweight (4) in a state of supporting the carrier beam (31).

10. A tower crane according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises damping means (8) hinged at both ends to the tower body (1) and the jib (23), respectively, for slowing down the relative rotational speed of the jib (23) and the tower body (1) or self-locking means for locking the jib (23) in an extreme raised position.

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