CN217983096U - Capacitor capable of calculating - Google Patents
Capacitor capable of calculating Download PDFInfo
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- CN217983096U CN217983096U CN202221570812.6U CN202221570812U CN217983096U CN 217983096 U CN217983096 U CN 217983096U CN 202221570812 U CN202221570812 U CN 202221570812U CN 217983096 U CN217983096 U CN 217983096U
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Abstract
The calculable capacitor provided by the embodiment of the disclosure comprises: an electrode sheath having a first through hole formed at a central axis thereof; the plurality of main electrodes are uniformly distributed in the electrode sleeve in the circumference, the central axes of the main electrodes and the electrode sleeve are parallel to each other, and two ends of each main electrode are respectively led out of a capacitor through a lead; the coarse adjustment electrode and the fine adjustment electrode can independently move in the first through hole along the central axis of the electrode sleeve so as to adjust the capacitance output by the calculable capacitor and realize linear output of the capacitance relative to displacement, and the coarse adjustment electrode and the fine adjustment electrode respectively enter and exit the first through hole from two ends of the electrode sleeve. The method and the device have the advantages of enlarging the calculable capacitor range, ensuring higher sensitivity, compact structure and small volume.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the disclosure relates to the technical field of capacitors, in particular to a calculable capacitor.
Background
The capacitance can be calculated based on a new electrostatic theorem proposed by a.m. thompson and d.g. lampard in 1956. The theorem is briefly described as follows: for the infinite-length conductive cylindrical surface with an arbitrary-shaped section, four infinite conductors are usedSmall insulating gaps separate it into four positions, making it four electrodes, α, β, γ, δ, as shown in fig. 1. An opposing set of electrodes forms a capacitor and four electrodes form two capacitors. Let the capacitance per unit length of the two capacitors be C 1 And C 2 ，C 1 And C 2 There is the relationship:
wherein, C 0 ＝(ε 0 ε r ) And/pi · ln2 is a constant value that can be determined. Epsilon 0 Is a vacuum dielectric constant of ∈ r The relative dielectric constant of the medium in the space inside the conductive cylinder of infinite length. C 1 、C 2 Known as cross-capacitance, C 1 And C 2 Average value of (2)
Calculated according to the following formula:
when C is present 1 And C 2 Relatively close, average capacitance and C 0 Is a small amount of second order or more. When the longitudinal length of the capacitor is l, the output capacitance is
The capacitance of the output is related only to the axial length l of the capacitor.
The capacitance can be calculated, and the capacitance value output by the capacitance can be directly proportional to the axial length of the capacitance, and is irrelevant to the shape and the geometric dimension of the cross section, so that the capacitance precision is transferred to the length precision, and the capacitance has high stability and accuracy on capacitance output. Since the 70 s of the last century, the calculable capacitance was used by metering mechanisms at home and abroad as a standard for reproducing the capacitance, resistance, inductance and other parameters in electromagnetic metrology, of which the contents are of China, america, australia, japan and EnglishThe reproduction precision is within +/-10 -7 The above. The capacitance can be calculated, can be used for reproducing international standard units, can also be used as a capacitor, and is applied to high-precision capacitance sensors, including a micrometer pressure gauge and a precision system for measuring the dielectric constant of liquid.
A typical calculable capacitance structure is shown in fig. 2. Four closely spaced cylinders constitute the four main electrodes 02 of which the capacitance can be calculated. Two cylinders with relatively small diameters are inserted into the gap between the four main electrodes as an upper shielding electrode 01 and a lower shielding electrode 03, respectively. The length L actually participating in the formation of the capacitor is the length of the unshielded part of the main electrode 02, i.e. the distance L between the ends of the two shield electrodes. The distance L can be accurately measured by a laser interference method (in fig. 2, 04 is a flat mirror installed at the bottom end of the upper fine tuning electrode 01, 05 is a concave mirror installed at the top end of the lower shielding electrode 03, and 06 is incident laser light). Thus, according to the formula C = C 0 l, the output capacitance C can be accurately calculated.
The existing calculable capacitor mainly works in a vacuum environment, and the relation between the output capacitance and the longitudinal length l of the capacitor is C = C 0 l，C 0 =1.95354902pF/m. If a large-scale calculable capacitance is to be realized, the longitudinal length l needs to be increased, which makes the size of the capacitor as a whole large. If large-scale measurement is needed to calculate the capacitance, the longitudinal length of the capacitor is required to be increased according to the existing structural design, for example, for a 10pF measurement range, the required length is more than 5m, and the volume of the capacitor is too large, so that the capacitor is not beneficial to controlling the size parameters of the capacitor and is also not beneficial to being matched with other equipment. Therefore, the calculable capacitor cannot be applied to the precise output of a large-scale capacitor.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The present disclosure is directed to solving, at least in part, one of the technical problems in the related art.
Therefore, the calculable capacitor provided by the embodiment of the disclosure has a simple and compact overall structure, and has the advantages of small volume and high sensitivity while enlarging the measuring range of the calculable capacitor.
The calculable capacitor provided by the embodiment of the disclosure comprises:
an electrode sheath having a first through hole formed at a central axis thereof;
the main electrodes are circumferentially and uniformly distributed in the electrode sleeve, the central axes of the main electrodes and the central axes of the electrode sleeve are parallel to each other, and two ends of each main electrode are respectively led out of a capacitor through a lead; and
the coarse adjustment electrode and the fine adjustment electrode can independently move in the first through hole along the central axis of the electrode sleeve so as to adjust the capacitance output by the calculable capacitor and realize linear output of the capacitance relative to displacement, the coarse adjustment electrode enters and exits the first through hole from one end of the electrode sleeve, and the fine adjustment electrode enters and exits the first through hole from the other end of the electrode sleeve.
Compared with the prior art, the calculable capacitor provided by the embodiment of the disclosure has the following characteristics and beneficial effects:
(1) The embodiment of the disclosure adopts a two-stage structure, in the electrode sleeve area, the capacitance and the displacement can still keep a linear relation, meanwhile, under the unit displacement, the capacitance is increased compared with that under the vacuum environment, the multiple of the increase depends on the dielectric constant of the electrode sleeve material, and compared with other designs, the measuring range of the capacitor capable of being calculated can be enlarged under the same volume.
(2) The two-section structure used in the embodiment of the present disclosure can provide sensitivity for adjusting different capacitance values, and has a wider application range. Specifically, under the condition of fixing the fine adjustment electrode, the output capacitance of the calculable capacitor is greatly adjusted by the movement of the coarse adjustment electrode in the electrode sleeve. Under the condition of fixing the coarse tuning electrode, the high sensitivity of capacitance value adjustment can be realized through the movement of the fine tuning electrode in the electrode sleeve, and the precision same as that of the existing design is kept.
In some embodiments, a plurality of second through holes are formed in the electrode sheath, and the second through holes are symmetrically arranged about the central axis of the electrode sheath, and each main electrode is inserted into a corresponding one of the second through holes and is kept static relative to the electrode sheath.
In some embodiments, the coarse tuning electrode has a dielectric constant greater than the dielectric constant of the fine tuning electrode.
In some embodiments, the fine tuning electrode and the electrode sleeve are held stationary relative to each other, and the coarse tuning of the capacitance of the calculable capacitor output is achieved by movement of the coarse tuning electrode within the first through hole.
Further, when the capacitance output by the calculable capacitor is coarsely adjusted, the fine adjustment electrode is wholly or partially positioned outside the electrode sleeve; when the fine adjustment electrode is completely positioned outside the electrode sleeve and the coarse adjustment electrode enters the first through hole to the maximum displacement position, the maximum capacitance output by the capacitor can be calculated.
In some embodiments, the coarse tuning electrode and the electrode sleeve are held stationary relative to each other, and fine tuning of the capacitance of the calculable capacitor output is achieved by movement of the fine tuning electrode within the first through hole.
Furthermore, when the capacitance output by the calculable capacitor is finely adjusted, the coarse adjustment electrode is wholly or partially positioned outside the electrode sleeve; when the coarse tuning electrode is completely positioned outside the electrode sleeve and the fine tuning electrode enters the first through hole to the position of maximum displacement, the capacitance output by the capacitor can be calculated to be minimum.
In some embodiments, the main electrode and the fine tuning electrode are made of the same or different conductive materials, and the electrode sleeve and the coarse tuning electrode are made of the same insulating material or semiconductor material.
In some embodiments, the calculable capacitor is provided with 4 identical main electrodes.
In some embodiments, the fine and coarse tuning electrodes have the same outer diameter, and the inner diameter of the first through hole is as close to the outer diameter of the fine tuning electrode as possible without affecting the free movement of the fine and coarse tuning electrodes.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a capacitance calculation method.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conventional calculable capacitor.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a calculable capacitor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a calculable capacitor provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a capacitor capable of being calculated at a maximum capacitance value according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a calculable capacitor at a capacitance minimum provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
In the figure:
1-coarse tuning electrode, 2-main electrode, 3-fine tuning electrode, 4-electrode sleeve, 41, 42-through hole.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of and not restrictive on the broad application.
On the contrary, this application is intended to cover any alternatives, modifications, equivalents, and alternatives that may be included within the spirit and scope of the application as defined by the appended claims. Furthermore, in the following detailed description of the present application, certain specific details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present application. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present application may be practiced without these specific details.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, a calculable capacitor provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure includes:
an electrode sheath 4 having a through hole 41 formed at a central axis of the electrode sheath 4;
the main electrodes 2 are circumferentially and uniformly distributed in the electrode sleeve 4, the central axes of each main electrode 2 and the electrode sleeve 4 are parallel to each other, and two ends of each main electrode 2 are respectively led out of a capacitor through leads; and
the coarse adjustment electrode 1 and the fine adjustment electrode 3 are grounded, the coarse adjustment electrode 1 and the fine adjustment electrode 3 can independently move in a through hole 41 of the electrode sleeve 4 along the central axis of the electrode sleeve 4, the capacitance output by the capacitor can be calculated through adjustment, linear output of the capacitance relative to displacement is achieved, the coarse adjustment electrode 1 enters and exits the through hole 41 from one end of the electrode sleeve 4, and the fine adjustment electrode 3 enters and exits the through hole 41 from the other end of the electrode sleeve 4.
In some embodiments, the electrode sheath 4 is a solid structure with a cylindrical shape for easy processing, and the present disclosure is equally applicable to electrode sheaths 4 with other shapes, such as a cuboid, a cube, and other hexahedrons. In addition to the through holes 41 (the medium in the through holes 41 is air), a plurality of through holes 42 are formed in the electrode sheath 4, which are symmetrically arranged with respect to the central axis of the electrode sheath 4, for inserting exactly one corresponding main electrode 2, and the main electrode 2 is held in place in the corresponding through hole 42 of the electrode sheath 4. The inner diameter of the through hole 41 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the larger one of the coarse adjustment electrode 1 and the fine adjustment electrode 3, and the inner diameter of the through hole 41 is made to be as close as possible to the outer diameter of the larger one of the coarse adjustment electrode 1 and the fine adjustment electrode 3 on the premise of ensuring that the movement of the coarse adjustment electrode 1 and the fine adjustment electrode 3 in the through hole 41 is not hindered, so that the air gap between the through hole 41 and the adjustment electrode (namely the coarse adjustment electrode 1 and the fine adjustment electrode 3) is ensured to be as small as possible, and the error of calculating the capacitance output by the capacitor is reduced. The outer diameter of the electrode sheath 4 is such that it encloses all the main electrodes 2 and thus seals the main electrodes 2 from the air. The dielectric constant between the main electrodes 2 can be increased by arranging the electrode sleeve 4 (when the electrode sleeve is not arranged, the medium between the main electrodes 2 is air), so that the range of the calculable capacitor is expanded, therefore, the material for manufacturing the electrode sleeve 4 can be selected according to the range of the calculable capacitor, and the electrode sleeve 4 is made of an insulating material or a semiconductor material with the dielectric constant larger than 10, such as ceramic, zirconium oxide and lithium chloride.
In some embodiments, for convenience of processing, the main electrode 2 is a solid structure or a hollow structure made of a conductor material and having a cylindrical shape as a whole, and is used for forming a capacitor, two ends of each main electrode 2 are respectively led out of the capacitor through a metal lead, and the present disclosure is also applicable to the case of main electrodes 2 having other shapes, such as a rectangular parallelepiped, a square cube, and the like. The parts of the main electrodes 2 located in the electrode sleeves 4 are identical in structure and material, and symmetry of the structure is guaranteed, so that capacitance can be calculated.
Further, the calculable capacitor of the embodiment of the present disclosure has 4 main electrodes 2 in total, each main electrode 2 is a metal cylindrical electrode, two of the main electrodes arranged diagonally form one capacitor, the remaining two main electrodes arranged diagonally form another capacitor, and the capacitors have a capacitance per unit length of C 1 And C 2 ，C 1 ＝C 2 Referring to fig. 1, the capacitance of the calculated capacitor output is related only to the axial length of the capacitor (specifically, the axial length of the main electrode 2 located in the electrode sleeve 4), and C is increased by increasing the dielectric constant of the central space of the main electrode 2 0 ＝(ε 0 ε r ) The capacitance is larger under the same length, and the measuring range is increased.
In some embodiments, the fine tuning electrode 3 and the coarse tuning electrode 1 are both elongated cylindrical electrodes, and the dielectric constant of the fine tuning electrode 3 is smaller than that of the coarse tuning electrode 1, and the outer diameters of the fine tuning electrode 3 and the coarse tuning electrode 1 are the same, so that the fine tuning electrode 3 and the coarse tuning electrode 1 can move freely in the through hole 41 and the air gap is small enough. The present disclosure is also applicable to fine adjustment electrodes 3 and coarse adjustment electrodes 1 of other shapes, such as a rectangular parallelepiped, a square parallelepiped, and the like. The fine tuning electrode 3 is of a solid structure or a hollow structure, is connected with the outside through a gold wire lead and is grounded, the coarse tuning electrode 1 is kept fixed, the main electrode 2 is shielded through the movement of the fine tuning electrode 3 in the through hole 41 of the electrode sleeve 4, and meanwhile, the high-precision adjustment of the output capacitance of the calculable capacitor can be realized. The coarse tuning electrode 1 is of a solid structure, the fine tuning electrode 3 is kept fixed, and the output capacitance of the calculable capacitor can be greatly adjusted by moving the coarse tuning electrode 1 in the through hole 41 of the electrode sleeve 4. The coarse tuning electrode 1 enters and exits from the through hole 41 of the electrode sleeve 4 from one end of the electrode sleeve 4, and the fine tuning electrode 1 enters and exits from the through hole 41 of the electrode sleeve 4 from the other end of the electrode sleeve 4, so that the coarse tuning electrode 1 and the fine tuning electrode 3 can work independently and do not interfere with each other.
Further, the fine adjustment electrode 3 is made of the same conductive material as the main electrode 2, such as metal, or the fine adjustment electrode 3 is made of a different conductive material from the main electrode 2. The rough adjusting electrode 1 is made of the same insulating material or semiconductor material as the electrode sleeve 4, such as ceramic, so that the dielectric constants of the medium in the central space of the main electrode 2 are consistent, and capacitance calculation is facilitated.
Referring to fig. 4, the coarse adjustment electrode 1 can move up and down in the through hole 41 in the center of the electrode sheath 4, and the fine adjustment electrode 3 can also move up and down in the through hole 41. When the lower end face of the coarse adjustment electrode 1 moves up and down in the through hole 41 of the electrode sleeve 4, the capacitance output by the capacitor and the displacement of the coarse adjustment electrode 1 can be calculated to have a linear relation. Similarly, the coarse tuning electrode 1 is kept outside or inside the electrode sleeve 4, and when the upper end face of the fine tuning electrode 3 moves up and down in the through hole 41 of the electrode sleeve 4, the capacitance output by the calculable capacitor and the displacement of the fine tuning electrode 3 also have a linear relation. Therefore, by fixing one of the coarse tuning electrode 1 and the fine tuning electrode 3 outside or inside the electrode sleeve 4 and moving the other of the coarse tuning electrode 1 and the fine tuning electrode 3 in the through hole 41 of the electrode sleeve 4, the linear change of the capacitance output by the capacitor with displacement can be calculated. The change in capacitance with the displacement of the coarse tuning electrode 1 is larger due to the difference in dielectric constant of the medium. For example, for the electrode sleeve 4 and the coarse tuning electrode 1 made of ceramic with the dielectric constant of 150, the variation relation of the capacitance output by the calculable capacitor and the displacement of the coarse tuning electrode 1 is about 120pF/m, which is 60 times of that in air, and a large range can be realized in a small volume. For the main electrode 2 and the fine adjustment electrode 3 which are made of metal, the change relation between the capacitance output by the calculable capacitor and the displacement of the fine adjustment electrode 3 is about 1.95354902pF/m, and the high resolution of the capacitance can be ensured. Therefore, the rough adjustment of the capacitance value can be realized by using the rough adjustment electrode 1, so that the whole volume of the capacitor can be reduced; and the fine tuning electrode 3 is used for realizing fine tuning of the capacitor, so that the high sensitivity of the capacitor is ensured.
Referring to fig. 5, the coarse tuning electrode 1 is completely positioned outside the electrode sleeve 4 and is kept still, the fine tuning electrode 3 is pushed to gradually enter the through hole 41 of the electrode sleeve 4 until most of the through hole 41 is shielded by the fine tuning electrode 3 (at this time, one end of the fine tuning electrode 3 entering the through hole 41 is at the maximum displacement position), most of the area of the main electrode 2 is shielded by the fine tuning electrode 3, and at this time, the capacitance of the capacitor can be calculated to reach the minimum value. For example, for a calculable capacitor having a main electrode 2 with a length of 103mm and an electrode sheath 4 with a length of 80mm, the minimum value of the capacitance output from the calculable capacitor is 0.08pF when the portion of the fine adjustment electrode 3 entering the electrode sheath 4 has a length of 77 mm.
Referring to fig. 6, keeping the fine tuning electrode 3 completely outside the electrode sheath 4, the coarse tuning electrode 1 is pushed to gradually enter the through hole 41 of the electrode sheath 4 until the through hole 41 is completely shielded by the coarse tuning electrode 1 (at this time, the end of the coarse tuning electrode 1 entering the through hole 41 is at the maximum displacement), and the capacitance output by the capacitor can be calculated to reach the maximum value when the main electrode 2 is not shielded. For example, for a calculable capacitor having a main electrode 2 with a length of 103mm and an electrode sheath 4 with a length of 80mm, the maximum value of the capacitance output by the calculable capacitor can be 11pF when the portion of the coarse tuning electrode 1 entering the electrode sheath 4 has a length of 80 mm.
In the description herein, where material or features that are not described in detail is known to one skilled in the art, reference to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an illustrative embodiment," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like is intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the disclosure. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
While embodiments of the present disclosure have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the disclosure, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A calculable capacitor, comprising:
an electrode sheath having a first through hole formed at a central axis thereof;
the main electrodes are circumferentially and uniformly distributed in the electrode sleeve, the central axes of the main electrodes and the central axes of the electrode sleeve are parallel to each other, and two ends of each main electrode are respectively led out of a capacitor through a lead; and
the coarse adjustment electrode and the fine adjustment electrode can independently move in the first through hole along the central axis of the electrode sleeve so as to adjust the capacitance output by the calculable capacitor and realize linear output of the capacitance relative to displacement, the coarse adjustment electrode enters and exits the first through hole from one end of the electrode sleeve, and the fine adjustment electrode enters and exits the first through hole from the other end of the electrode sleeve.
2. The computing capacitor as claimed in claim 1 wherein said electrode sheath further defines a plurality of second through holes symmetrically disposed about a central axis of said electrode sheath, each of said main electrodes being inserted into a respective one of said second through holes and held stationary relative to said electrode sheath.
3. The calculable capacitor of claim 1 wherein the dielectric constant of the coarse tuning electrode is greater than the dielectric constant of the fine tuning electrode.
4. The calculable capacitor of claim 3 wherein the fine tuning electrode and the electrode sleeve are held stationary relative to each other and coarse tuning of the capacitance of the calculable capacitor output is achieved by movement of the coarse tuning electrode within the first through hole.
5. The calculable capacitor of claim 4 wherein the fine tuning electrode is located wholly or partially outside the electrode sheath when the capacitance of the calculable capacitor output is coarsely tuned; when the fine adjustment electrode is completely positioned outside the electrode sleeve and the coarse adjustment electrode enters the first through hole to the maximum displacement position, the maximum capacitance output by the capacitor can be calculated.
6. The calculable capacitor of claim 3 wherein the coarse tuning electrode and the electrode sheath are held stationary relative to each other and fine tuning of the capacitance of the calculable capacitor output is achieved by movement of the fine tuning electrode within the first through hole.
7. The calculable capacitor of claim 6 wherein the coarse tuning electrode is located wholly or partially outside the electrode sheath when the capacitance of the calculable capacitor output is fine tuned; when the coarse tuning electrode is completely positioned outside the electrode sleeve and the fine tuning electrode enters the first through hole to the position of maximum displacement, the capacitance output by the capacitor can be calculated to be minimum.
8. The calculable capacitor of claim 1 wherein the main electrode and the fine tuning electrode are made of the same or different conductive material, and the electrode sleeve and the coarse tuning electrode are made of the same insulating or semiconducting material.
9. Calculable capacitor according to claim 1, characterized in that it is provided with 4 identical main electrodes.
10. The computing capacitor of claim 1 wherein the fine and coarse tuning electrodes have the same outer diameter and the first through hole has an inner diameter as close to the outer diameter of the fine tuning electrode as possible without affecting the free movement of the fine and coarse tuning electrodes.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202221570812.6U CN217983096U (en) | 2022-06-22 | 2022-06-22 | Capacitor capable of calculating |
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| CN202221570812.6U CN217983096U (en) | 2022-06-22 | 2022-06-22 | Capacitor capable of calculating |
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| CN217983096U true CN217983096U (en) | 2022-12-06 |
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