CN217982098U - Liquid crystal polarization camera system based on micro-lens array - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本申请属于光学成像技术领域,具体涉及一种基于微透镜阵列的液晶偏振相机系统。The application belongs to the technical field of optical imaging, and in particular relates to a liquid crystal polarization camera system based on a microlens array.
背景技术Background technique
偏振成像技术除了获取物体反射光束的光强、光谱、空间三类信息外,还能够获取光束的偏振态信息,能够提升图像的信息维度,使得图像上能够体现出物体本身更多的细节信息。目前偏振相机主要采用偏振元件与图像传感设备集成,有着体积较大,集成度低、成本高的问题。In addition to acquiring the light intensity, spectrum, and space information of the beam reflected by the object, polarization imaging technology can also acquire the polarization state information of the beam, which can improve the information dimension of the image, so that the image can reflect more detailed information of the object itself. At present, polarization cameras mainly use polarization elements to integrate with image sensing equipment, which has the problems of large size, low integration, and high cost.
实用新型内容Utility model content
为解决上述提及的偏振相机体积较大和集成度较低的问题,本申请提出一种基于微透镜阵列的液晶偏振相机系统。该系统还可有效降低成本。In order to solve the aforementioned problems of large size and low integration of the polarization camera, the present application proposes a liquid crystal polarization camera system based on a microlens array. The system is also effective in reducing costs.
为了达到以上目的,本申请采用如下技术方案:In order to achieve the above object, the application adopts the following technical solutions:
一种基于微透镜阵列的液晶偏振相机系统,其特征在于,包括:A kind of liquid crystal polarization camera system based on microlens array, it is characterized in that, comprises:
微透镜阵列、液晶偏光膜及图像传感器,所述微透镜阵列与液晶偏光膜相对平行配置,A microlens array, a liquid crystal polarizing film, and an image sensor, the microlens array and the liquid crystal polarizing film are relatively parallel to each other,
所述微透镜阵列包括复数规则排列的微透镜单元,每一个所述微透镜单元对应至液晶偏光膜上的每一焦面单元,The microlens array includes a plurality of regularly arranged microlens units, and each of the microlens units corresponds to each focal plane unit on the liquid crystal polarizing film,
光入射至所述微透镜阵列后被分束成多束光,透过液晶偏光膜并分别聚焦至所述图像传感器上。After the light is incident on the microlens array, it is split into multiple beams, passes through the liquid crystal polarizing film and focuses on the image sensor respectively.
优选的,该液晶偏光膜与图像传感器贴合(无缝贴合)。液晶偏光膜与图像传感器之间处于贴合状态可以减少滤波光束在传输至图像传感器过程中串扰的情况,这可以减少图像传感器获取错误信息的可能。Preferably, the liquid crystal polarizing film is bonded (seamlessly bonded) to the image sensor. The bonding state between the liquid crystal polarizing film and the image sensor can reduce the crosstalk of the filtered light beam during transmission to the image sensor, which can reduce the possibility of the image sensor obtaining wrong information.
优选的,该微透镜单元为平凸透镜。该结构能对光束起聚焦的作用,同时其加工相对省力,厚度更薄。Preferably, the microlens unit is a plano-convex lens. The structure can focus the light beam, and at the same time, its processing is relatively labor-saving and the thickness is thinner.
优选的,该图像传感器配置于所述微透镜阵列的焦距处。这能减小偏振相机整体的体积。Preferably, the image sensor is arranged at the focal length of the microlens array. This can reduce the overall size of the polarization camera.
优选的,该液晶偏光膜包括复数偏振像元,其与所述微透镜单元一一匹配对应,Preferably, the liquid crystal polarizing film includes a plurality of polarizing picture elements, which correspond to the microlens units one by one,
当所述微透镜阵列对入射光线进行分束后将分别聚焦至对应像素单元,可使得光线分布均匀化。When the microlens array splits the incident light, it will focus on the corresponding pixel units respectively, so that the light distribution can be made uniform.
优选的,该微透镜单元的焦距满足公式条件 Preferably, the focal length of the microlens unit satisfies the formula condition
其中,f为微透镜焦距,N为微透镜折射率,R为微透镜曲率半径。Where, f is the focal length of the microlens, N is the refractive index of the microlens, and R is the radius of curvature of the microlens.
优选的,该液晶偏光膜包括依次排序的四个偏振角度分焦面拼接的偏振单元,所述图像传感器接收经过分束、所述液晶偏光膜偏振滤波的光场信息进行图像重构。Preferably, the liquid crystal polarizing film includes four polarizing units that are sequentially arranged and spliced with different polarization angles and focal planes, and the image sensor receives the light field information that has been split and polarized and filtered by the liquid crystal polarizing film for image reconstruction.
优选的,该基于微透镜阵列的液晶偏振相机系统中,每个所述分焦面上的偏振单元与图像传感器上的像素单元一一对应,使得每一个像素单元只能得到一个方向的偏振信息。Preferably, in the microlens array-based liquid crystal polarization camera system, the polarization units on each of the focal planes correspond to the pixel units on the image sensor one-to-one, so that each pixel unit can only obtain polarization information in one direction .
优选的,该基于微透镜阵列的液晶偏振相机系统中,偏振滤波后的光束传输至图像传感器的像素单元上,图像传感器将获取单一的偏振信息和光谱信息,对所获取的光场信息进行重构。Preferably, in the liquid crystal polarization camera system based on the microlens array, the light beam after polarization filtering is transmitted to the pixel unit of the image sensor, and the image sensor will acquire a single polarization information and spectral information, and reconstruct the acquired light field information structure.
优选的,该微透镜阵列包括透明基底,所述基底的远离图像传感器侧配置有复数规则排列的微透镜单元。Preferably, the microlens array includes a transparent substrate, and a plurality of regularly arranged microlens units are arranged on the side of the substrate away from the image sensor.
有益效果Beneficial effect
与现有技术相比,本申请提出的基于微透镜阵列的液晶偏振相机系统,将微透镜阵列、液晶偏光膜和相机图像传感器件三者相集成的系统,光束透过微透镜阵列进行分束聚焦至对应的液晶偏光膜上,液晶偏光膜上以四个角度的偏振方向进行滤波,四个角度的偏振单元作为一个宏偏振单元,顺序排布整个液晶偏光膜,滤波后的线偏振光被相机的图像传感器系统接收,对收集到的光场信息进行重构得到偏振图像。具有结构简单、集成度高、体积小、成本低等优点。避免了原偏振相机成本高、集成度低等缺点。Compared with the prior art, the microlens array-based liquid crystal polarization camera system proposed in this application is a system integrating the microlens array, liquid crystal polarizing film and camera image sensor, and the light beam is split through the microlens array Focusing on the corresponding liquid crystal polarizing film, the liquid crystal polarizing film filters the polarization directions of four angles, and the polarizing units of the four angles are used as a macro polarizing unit, and the entire liquid crystal polarizing film is arranged in sequence, and the filtered linearly polarized light is The image sensor system of the camera receives and reconstructs the collected light field information to obtain a polarization image. It has the advantages of simple structure, high integration, small volume and low cost. The disadvantages of high cost and low integration of the original polarization camera are avoided.
附图说明Description of drawings
附图用来提供对本公开技术方案的理解,并且构成说明书的一部分,与本公开的实施例一起用于解释本公开的技术方案,并不构成对本公开技术方案的限制。附图中各部件的形状和大小不反映真实比例,目的只是示意说明本申请内容。The accompanying drawings are used to provide an understanding of the technical solutions of the present disclosure, and constitute a part of the specification, and are used together with the embodiments of the present disclosure to explain the technical solutions of the present disclosure, and do not constitute limitations to the technical solutions of the present disclosure. The shape and size of each component in the drawings do not reflect the real scale, and the purpose is only to illustrate the content of the present application.
图1为本申请实施例的基于微透镜阵列的液晶偏振相机系统示意图;1 is a schematic diagram of a liquid crystal polarization camera system based on a microlens array according to an embodiment of the present application;
图2中a为本申请实施例的微透镜阵列示意图,b为本申请实施例的微透镜单元的示意图;In Fig. 2, a is a schematic diagram of the microlens array of the embodiment of the present application, and b is a schematic diagram of the microlens unit of the embodiment of the present application;
图3为本申请实施例的四角度偏振元件局部示意图;FIG. 3 is a partial schematic diagram of a four-angle polarizing element in an embodiment of the present application;
图4为本申请实施例的微透镜阵列、液晶偏光膜与图像传感器装配示意图;4 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of a microlens array, a liquid crystal polarizing film, and an image sensor according to an embodiment of the present application;
其中:301为自然光源,302为微透镜阵列,303为液晶偏光膜,304为图像传感器,305为微透镜单元,306为四角度线偏振单元。Where: 301 is a natural light source, 302 is a microlens array, 303 is a liquid crystal polarizing film, 304 is an image sensor, 305 is a microlens unit, and 306 is a four-angle linear polarization unit.
具体实施方式detailed description
以下结合具体实施例对上述方案做进一步说明。应理解,这些实施例是用于说明本申请而不限于限制本申请的范围。实施例中采用的实施条件可以如具体厂家的条件做进一步调整,未注明的实施条件通常为常规实验中的条件。The above solution will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that these examples are used to illustrate the present application and not limit the scope of the present application. The implementation conditions adopted in the examples can be further adjusted as the conditions of specific manufacturers, and the implementation conditions not indicated are usually the conditions in routine experiments.
除非另外定义,本公开实施例使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本申请所属领域内具有一般技能的人士所理解的通常意义。本公开实施例中使用的“第一”、“第二”以及类似的词语并不表示任何顺序、数量或者重要性,而只是用来区分不同的组成部分。“包括”或者“包含”等类似的词语意指出现该词前面的元件或物件涵盖出现在该词后面列举的元件或者物件及其等同,而不排除其他元件或者物件。“连接”或者“相连”等类似的词语并非限定于物理的或者机械的连接,而是可以包括电性的连接,不管是直接的还是间接的。在本文中,“电性连接”包括构成要素通过具有某种电作用的元件连接在一起的情况。“具有某种电作用的元件”只要可以进行连接的构成要素间的电信号的授受,就对其没有特别的限制。“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等仅用于表示相对位置关系,当被描述对象的绝对位置改变后,则该相对位置关系也可能相应地改变。Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the embodiments of the present disclosure shall have the common meanings understood by those skilled in the art to which the present application belongs. "First", "second" and similar words used in the embodiments of the present disclosure do not indicate any sequence, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. "Comprising" or "comprising" and similar words mean that the elements or items appearing before the word include the elements or items listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or items. Words such as "connected" or "connected" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Herein, "electrically connected" includes the case where constituent elements are connected together through an element having some kind of electrical function. The "element having some kind of electrical action" is not particularly limited as long as it can transmit and receive electrical signals between connected components. "Up", "Down", "Left", "Right" and so on are only used to indicate the relative positional relationship. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.
在本申请中,术语“上”、“下”、“内”、“中”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系。这些术语主要是为了更好地描述本申请及其实施例,并非用于限定所指示的装置、元件或组成部分必须具有特定方位,或以特定方位进行构造和操作。In the present application, the orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "middle", etc. are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings. These terms are mainly used to better describe the present application and its embodiments, and are not used to limit that the indicated devices, elements or components must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation.
本申请提出一种基于微透镜阵列的液晶偏振相机系统,包括:微透镜阵列、液晶偏光膜、图像传感器;This application proposes a liquid crystal polarization camera system based on a microlens array, including: a microlens array, a liquid crystal polarizing film, and an image sensor;
其中,微透镜阵列中的微透镜单元为平凸透镜,每一个透镜对应至偏光元件上的每一焦面单元。自然光入射至微透镜阵列后被分束成多束光,聚焦至图像传感器上。液晶偏光膜所用采用为液晶和二向色性染料,为四个偏振角度分焦面偏光膜,与图像传感器无缝贴合。图像传感器接收经过分束和偏振滤波的光场信息进行图像重构,图像传感器位置安放至微透镜阵列的焦距处。该系统的工作机理:微透镜阵列、液晶偏光膜、图像传感器三者平行放置,液晶偏光膜与图像传感器进行贴合,微透镜阵列的焦距处放置液晶偏光膜与图像传感器的集成模块。当外界自然光入射后,通过微透镜阵列后,自然光会分成很多束,分别传输至图像传感器的每一像素上,图像传感器前对应的液晶偏光膜对其进行滤波,得到单一的偏振信息再传输至图像传感器上,对其进行接收,最后再对收集到的光场信息进行重构得到图像。本实施方式中,采用微透镜阵列、液晶偏光膜和图像传感器进行集成,可以提高偏振相机的集成度、还可减小偏振相机的体积和成本。相机成像系统采用的是CMOS相机,其具有较低的功耗、集成度高和响应速度快等特点,各个电气元件能够集成在一个芯片上并且有多个电荷-电压转换器和行列开关控制,其读出速度快。根据实际需求也可以使用CCD 等成像器件。Wherein, the microlens units in the microlens array are plano-convex lenses, and each lens corresponds to each focal plane unit on the polarizing element. After the natural light is incident on the microlens array, it is split into multiple beams and focused onto the image sensor. The liquid crystal polarizing film is made of liquid crystal and dichroic dyes, and it is a polarizing film with four polarization angles and focal planes, which is seamlessly bonded to the image sensor. The image sensor receives the beam-splitting and polarization-filtered light field information for image reconstruction, and the image sensor is placed at the focal length of the microlens array. The working mechanism of the system: the microlens array, liquid crystal polarizing film, and image sensor are placed in parallel, the liquid crystal polarizing film is bonded to the image sensor, and the integrated module of the liquid crystal polarizing film and the image sensor is placed at the focal length of the microlens array. When the external natural light enters and passes through the microlens array, the natural light will be divided into many beams and transmitted to each pixel of the image sensor respectively, and the corresponding liquid crystal polarizing film in front of the image sensor will filter it to obtain a single polarization information and then transmit it to On the image sensor, it is received, and finally the collected light field information is reconstructed to obtain an image. In this embodiment, the integration of the microlens array, the liquid crystal polarizing film and the image sensor can improve the integration degree of the polarization camera and reduce the volume and cost of the polarization camera. The camera imaging system uses a CMOS camera, which has the characteristics of low power consumption, high integration and fast response speed. Each electrical component can be integrated on one chip and has multiple charge-voltage converters and row-column switch controls. Its readout speed is fast. Imaging devices such as CCD can also be used according to actual needs.
微透镜阵列模块:微透镜阵列不仅具有传统透镜所具有的聚焦、成像等功能,还具有单元尺寸小、集成度高的特点,并且能够组建出不同的光学系统,实现传统光学器件所难以实现的功能。微透镜可对入射光进行调整,使得其聚焦在单一像元上,这样可减少光线之间的串扰。微透镜单元结构采用平凸结构,并且微透镜阵列与液晶偏光膜上的偏振像元一一对应,当微透镜阵列对入射光线进行分束后将分别聚焦至对应单元,可使得光线分布均匀化。其中,微透镜的焦距满足公式条件其中f是微透镜焦距,N为微透镜折射率,R为微透镜曲率半径。微透镜阵列可采用平凸结构,该结构能对光束起聚焦的作用,同时其加工相对省力,厚度更薄。Microlens array module: The microlens array not only has the functions of focusing and imaging that traditional lenses have, but also has the characteristics of small unit size and high integration, and can form different optical systems to achieve what is difficult to achieve with traditional optical devices. Function. Microlenses adjust incoming light so that it is focused on a single pixel, which reduces crosstalk between light rays. The microlens unit structure adopts a plano-convex structure, and the microlens array corresponds to the polarization pixels on the liquid crystal polarizing film one by one. When the microlens array splits the incident light, it will focus on the corresponding units respectively, which can make the light distribution uniform. . Among them, the focal length of the microlens satisfies the formula condition Where f is the focal length of the microlens, N is the refractive index of the microlens, and R is the radius of curvature of the microlens. The microlens array can adopt a plano-convex structure, which can focus the light beam, and at the same time, its processing is relatively labor-saving and its thickness is thinner.
液晶偏光膜模块:液晶偏光膜的材料采用了液晶、二向色性染料和光取向剂。其中,以四个不同偏振角度的分焦面对其进行图案化。分焦面上的偏振单元与图像传感器上的像素一一对应,每一个像素只能得到一个方向的偏振信息。液晶偏光膜与图像传感器之间处于贴合状态可以减少滤波光束在传输至图像传感器过程中串扰的情况,这可以减少图像传感器获取错误信息的可能。制备液晶偏光膜的光取向剂采用SD1分子。SD1具有可重复刷写的特性,可以提高制备容错率,并且其取向曝光能量低,取向效果好。Liquid crystal polarizing film module: liquid crystal, dichroic dye and photo-alignment agent are used as materials for the liquid crystal polarizing film. Among them, four focal planes with different polarization angles are used for patterning. The polarization units on the focal plane correspond to the pixels on the image sensor one by one, and each pixel can only obtain polarization information in one direction. The bonding state between the liquid crystal polarizing film and the image sensor can reduce the crosstalk of the filtered light beam during transmission to the image sensor, which can reduce the possibility of the image sensor obtaining wrong information. The photo-alignment agent for preparing the liquid crystal polarizing film adopts SD1 molecule. SD1 has the characteristics of rewriting and writing, which can improve the error tolerance rate of the preparation, and its alignment exposure energy is low, and the alignment effect is good.
图像传感器模块:偏振滤波后的光束传输至图像传感器的像素单元上,图像传感器将获取单一的偏振信息和光谱信息,对所获取的光场信息进行重构。图像传感器放置在微透镜阵列的焦距处,而微透镜阵列的焦距小,这能减小偏振相机整体的体积。相机成像系统采用的是CMOS相机,其具有较低的功耗、集成度高和响应速度快等特点,各个电气元件能够集成在一个芯片上并且有多个电荷-电压转换器和行列开关控制,其读出速度快。根据实际需求也可以使用CCD 等成像器件。Image sensor module: The polarization-filtered light beam is transmitted to the pixel unit of the image sensor, and the image sensor will obtain a single polarization information and spectral information, and reconstruct the obtained light field information. The image sensor is placed at the focal length of the microlens array, and the focal length of the microlens array is small, which can reduce the overall volume of the polarization camera. The camera imaging system uses a CMOS camera, which has the characteristics of low power consumption, high integration and fast response speed. Each electrical component can be integrated on one chip and has multiple charge-voltage converters and row-column switch controls. Its readout speed is fast. Imaging devices such as CCD can also be used according to actual needs.
接下来结合附图1-图4来描述本申请提出的基于微透镜阵列的液晶偏振相机系统。Next, the microlens array-based liquid crystal polarization camera system proposed by the present application will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings 1-4.
该基于微透镜阵列的液晶偏振相机系统,包括自然光源301、微透镜阵列302、液晶偏光膜303、图像传感器304、微透镜单元305和四角度线偏振单元306。其中,自然光源301入射至微透镜阵列302分束聚焦的光束透过液晶偏光膜303 滤波,传输至图像传感器304进而获取信息。The liquid crystal polarization camera system based on a microlens array includes a natural
微透镜阵列302、液晶偏光膜303和图像传感器304三个界面平行,其中,图像传感器304放置在微透镜阵列302的焦距f处,液晶偏光膜303和图像传感器304贴合。The three interfaces of the
微透镜阵列302中包含多个微透镜单元305,其结构采用平凸结构。The
液晶偏光膜302的宏像素单元是四角度线偏振单元306,采用4个不同的角度。本实例中采用CMOS型相机,其中相机的分辨率为2448×2048,像素单元尺寸为3.45μm×3.45μm。液晶偏光膜303的偏振单元与像素单元需一一对应,故其尺寸也为3.45μm×3.45μm,偏振单元格数为2448×2048。该液晶偏光膜上下左右相邻的四个偏振像素单元为一个宏像素单元,即宏像素单元格数为 1224×1024,其中偏振方向分别为0°、45°、90°和135°四种。微透镜阵列 302(参见图2中a图)的微透镜单元305(参见图2中b图)需聚焦至对应偏振单元,尺寸也设置为3.45μm×3.45μm,并且微透镜单元305数目为 2448×2048,微透镜单元的折射率为1.49,其焦距f为1.02mm,即微透镜阵列 302与图像传感器之间的距离为1.02mm。The macro-pixel unit of the liquid crystal
本实施方式中,液晶偏光膜303的制备是利用SD1旋涂曝光取向,随后旋涂液晶和二向色性染料溶液,引导液晶和二向色性染料排列。当光束透过微透镜阵列302后,可得到调整后的光束,光束会通过单一偏振像素单元,而不会入射到其他像素单元上,从而避免造成光的串扰。调整后的光束通过液晶偏光膜 303之后即可得到单一偏振方向的线偏振光,在经过RGB滤波片传输至图像传感器304的像素单元获取光场信息,经过内部数据处理,图像重构后得到偏振图像。In this embodiment, the liquid crystal
上述实施例只为说明本申请的技术构思及特点,其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本申请的内容并据以实施,并不能以此限制本申请的保护范围。凡如本申请精神实质所做的等效变换或修饰,都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。The above-mentioned embodiments are only to illustrate the technical concept and characteristics of the present application, and the purpose is to enable those familiar with this technology to understand the content of the present application and implement it accordingly, and not to limit the protection scope of the present application. All equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present application shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
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