CN217717374U

CN217717374U - Single-abrasive-particle high-speed variable-depth scratching testing machine

Info

Publication number: CN217717374U
Application number: CN202220087531.9U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 邱天; 李卓; 江安娜; 张涛; 姜峰
Original assignee: Huaqiao University
Current assignee: Huaqiao University
Priority date: 2022-08-11
Filing date: 2022-08-11
Publication date: 2022-11-01
Anticipated expiration: 2032-08-11

Abstract

The utility model discloses a high-speed variable depth of single grit is drawn and is wiped testing machine, including lathe bed, electricity main shaft module, X to, Z to linear electric motor, work piece holder, work piece and single grit. The electric main shaft module drives a workpiece clamp to rotate, and the workpiece is connected to the workpiece clamp; the X-direction linear motor comprises an X-direction stator and an X-direction rotor, and the X-direction rotor can move along the cross beam relative to the X-direction stator; the Z-direction linear motor comprises a Z-direction stator and a Z-direction rotor, the Z-direction rotor can move along the Z direction relative to the Z-direction stator, single abrasive particles are installed on the Z-direction rotor, and the single abrasive particles are matched with a workpiece to realize a scratching test. It has the following advantages: the electric main shaft module drives the workpiece fixture and a workpiece on the workpiece fixture to rotate in the Z direction, the X-direction linear motor drives the single abrasive particle to feed along the X axis, the scratching track is formed into a spiral scratch mark through the rotation of the workpiece and the feeding of the single abrasive particle, and the ball-disc scratching friction and the linear scratching friction are combined together.

Description

Single-abrasive-particle high-speed variable-depth scratching testing machine

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a precision ultra-precision machining technical field especially relates to a high-speed variable depth of single grit is drawn and is wiped testing machine.

Background

Grinding has become the mainstream processing technology of hard and brittle materials due to the advantages of high processing precision, good processing surface quality and the like. The single abrasive particle is a basic unit for removing materials in the grinding process, and the research on the action mechanism between the single abrasive particle and a workpiece is the basis for the research on the complex grinding process, so that the scratching of the single abrasive particle is an important test technology for the research on the grinding process. The traditional scratching testing machine can not realize high-speed scratching or is extremely unstable during high-speed scratching, and mainly has the following problems:

(1) The end face runout and vibration of the workpiece limit the scratching speed;

(2) The pendulum type scratching can obtain the scratching speed which is the same as the scratching speed in the grinding process, but the contact length of single abrasive particles and a workpiece is extremely short in the test process, the scratching depth changes rapidly, various physical quantities such as scratching force in the scratching process are difficult to accurately acquire, the deformation process of the workpiece material is extremely unstable due to the rapid change of the scratching depth, and the challenge is brought to accurately acquiring the material removal mechanism.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model provides a single high-speed variable depth of grit is drawn and is wiped test machine, it has overcome the not enough that exist in the background art.

The utility model provides an adopted technical scheme of its technical problem is: the single abrasive particle high-speed variable-depth scratching testing machine comprises a machine body, an electric spindle module, an X-direction linear motor, a Z-direction linear motor, a workpiece clamp, a workpiece and single abrasive particles; the lathe bed is fixedly provided with a working table surface and a feeding shaft supporting frame, and the feeding shaft supporting frame is provided with a beam positioned on the working table surface; the electric spindle module can be rotatably arranged on the lathe bed, the axis of the electric spindle module is arranged along the Z axis, the output end of the electric spindle module penetrates through the working table from bottom to top, the workpiece fixture is positioned on the working table and fixedly connected to the output end of the electric spindle module so as to drive the workpiece fixture to rotate through the electric spindle module, and the workpiece is connected to the workpiece fixture; the X-direction linear motor is horizontally assembled on a cross beam of the feeding shaft support frame and comprises an X-direction stator and an X-direction rotor, and the X-direction rotor can move along the cross beam relative to the X-direction stator; the Z-direction linear motor is vertically assembled on an X-direction rotor of the X-direction linear motor and comprises a Z-direction stator and a Z-direction rotor, the Z-direction rotor can move along the Z direction relative to the Z-direction stator, single abrasive particles are assembled on the Z-direction rotor, and the single abrasive particles are matched with a workpiece to realize a scratching test.

In one embodiment: the electric spindle module comprises a spindle box body and a spindle which can be rotatably connected in the spindle box body through a hydrostatic bearing, a hydraulic oil duct is arranged in the spindle box body, the spindle is controlled to rotate through the hydraulic oil duct, the spindle box body is fixedly arranged on a lathe bed, and the spindle is provided with the output end.

In one embodiment: the Z-direction rotor is internally provided with an installation cavity and a through hole penetrating from the installation cavity to the bottom surface of the Z-direction rotor, an installation pin is additionally arranged, the upper part of the installation pin is positioned in the installation cavity, two blocking pieces axially spaced along the installation pin are fixedly arranged in the installation cavity, a movable piece is slidably arranged, the movable piece is positioned between the two blocking pieces, a spring is propped between each blocking piece and each movable piece, the lower part of the installation pin penetrates through the through hole in a sliding mode, the lower part of the installation pin is provided with an abrasive particle clamp, and the single abrasive particle is connected to the abrasive particle clamp in an attaching mode.

In one embodiment: the single abrasive particle is a friction ball and is attached to an abrasive particle holder.

In one embodiment: the device comprises a mounting pin, a force measuring instrument, a charge amplifier, a data acquisition card, a computer and a feeding control system, wherein the upper part of the mounting pin is connected in the mounting cavity through the force measuring instrument, the charge amplifier is connected with the force measuring instrument, the data acquisition card is connected with the force measuring instrument, and the computer is connected with the data acquisition card and the feeding control system to control the Z-direction linear motor according to the detection of the force measuring instrument.

In one embodiment: the workpiece clamp comprises a base plate arranged at the output end, a lower clamp body, an upper clamp body, an adjusting mechanism and two balance blocks; the upper end surface of the base plate is provided with a convex part, the lower end surface of the lower clamp body is provided with a concave part, the lower clamp body is arranged on the base plate, and the concave part and the convex part are matched to form a spherical pair; the workpiece is arranged on the lower clamp body and clamped and connected with the workpiece through the upper clamp body and the lower clamp body; the adjusting mechanism is connected with the base plate and the lower fixture body, and adjusts whether the end surface of the workpiece and the rotation axis of the base plate deflect or not and the deflection angle through the adjusting mechanism; the upper end surface of the base plate is concavely provided with an annular chute surrounding the lower clamp body, the balance blocks are arranged in the annular chute and can annularly slide along the annular chute, and the equivalent balance mass m' generated by sliding adjustment of the two balance blocks offsets the eccentric mass m generated after the base plate, the lower clamp body, the upper clamp body and the workpiece are assembled.

Compared with the background technology, the technical scheme has the following advantages: the electric main shaft module drives the workpiece fixture and a workpiece on the workpiece fixture to rotate in the Z direction, the X-direction linear motor drives the single abrasive particle to feed along the X axis, the scratching track is formed into a spiral scratch by the rotation of the workpiece and the feeding of the single abrasive particle, and the ball-disc scratching friction and the linear scratching are combined together, so that the problem that the high-speed scratching cannot be realized or is extremely unstable during the high-speed scratching by the traditional single abrasive particle scratching test technology can be solved, and a high-speed friction test can be carried out, and the test is stable and reliable.

Drawings

The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-abrasive-particle high-speed variable-depth scratching testing machine;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an electric spindle module of a single abrasive grain high-speed variable-depth scratching testing machine;

fig. 3 is a schematic view of a high-speed friction constant force loading and measuring system of a single abrasive particle high-speed variable-depth scratching testing machine.

Detailed Description

A single abrasive particle high-speed variable-depth scratching tester is shown in figure 1 and comprises a cast iron lathe bed 1, an electric spindle module 2, an X-direction linear motor 5, a Z-direction linear motor 6, a workpiece clamp 7, a workpiece 8 and single abrasive particles; a working table 3 and a feed shaft support frame 4 are fixedly arranged on the cast iron lathe bed 1, and the feed shaft support frame 4 is provided with a beam positioned on the working table 3; the electric spindle module 2 can be rotatably arranged on the machine body 1, the axis of the electric spindle module is arranged along the Z axis, the output end of the electric spindle module 2 penetrates through the working table top 3 from bottom to top, the workpiece fixture 7 is positioned on the working table top 3 and fixedly connected to the output end of the electric spindle module 2 so as to drive the workpiece fixture 7 to rotate around the Z direction through the electric spindle module 2, and the workpiece 8 is connected to the workpiece fixture 7; the X-direction linear motor 5 is horizontally assembled on a cross beam of the feeding shaft support frame 4 and comprises an X-direction stator and an X-direction mover, and the X-direction mover can move along the cross beam relative to the X-direction stator; the Z-directional linear motor 6 is vertically mounted on an X-directional mover of the X-directional linear motor 5 and includes a Z-directional stator 61 and a Z-directional mover 62, the Z-directional mover 62 is movable in the Z-direction relative to the Z-directional stator 61, and the Z-directional mover 62 is attached with a single abrasive grain.

The electric spindle module 2 adopts a high-precision internal cooling static oil pressure electric spindle, as shown in fig. 2, and comprises a spindle box 21 and a spindle 23 which can be rotatably mounted in the spindle box 21 through a static pressure bearing 22, wherein a hydraulic oil duct 24 is arranged in the spindle box 21, the spindle 23 is controlled to rotate through the hydraulic oil duct 24, the spindle box 21 is fixedly mounted on the lathe bed 1, and the spindle 23 is provided with the output end.

As shown in fig. 3, the Z-directional linear motor 6 and the single abrasive particle connecting structure includes a mounting cavity 63 recessed in the Z-directional mover 62, a through hole penetrating from the mounting cavity 63 to the bottom surface of the Z-directional mover 62, a mounting pin 64 additionally provided, a movable piece slidably provided on the mounting pin 64 and located in the mounting cavity 63, two blocking pieces axially spaced apart from each other and located between the two blocking pieces, a spring 65 supported between each blocking piece and the movable piece, a load cell 66 attached to the upper portion of the mounting pin 64 in the mounting cavity 63 and slidably provided on the lower portion of the mounting pin 64 through the through hole, a particle clamp attached to the lower portion of the mounting pin 64, and a friction ball 67 as a single abrasive particle attached to the particle clamp. The Z-direction linear motor 6 is also provided with a charge amplifier, a data acquisition card (data acquisition card), a computer and a feeding control system to form a friction constant force loading and measuring system, the charge amplifier is connected with the dynamometer, the data acquisition card is connected with the dynamometer, and the computer is connected with the data acquisition card and the feeding control system to control the Z-direction linear motor 6 according to the detection of the dynamometer, so that high-speed friction constant force loading is realized. The method comprises the following specific steps: during testing, when a feeding system receives a load signal from a computer, a Z-direction rotor of a Z-direction linear motor moves downwards, the load is transferred to a friction ball through a spring and a friction ball clamp, a Kisler (TM) 9119AA2 high-precision dynamometer is adopted to measure actual loading force and friction force, the force applied to the friction ball is transferred to the computer through the dynamometer, a charge amplifier and a data acquisition card, the computer compares a real-time loading force value with a set value and sends an instruction to a feeding control system to control the linear motor to move, and the feedback system ensures that the actual loading force is always equal to the set value in the whole high-speed friction test process.

In order to further improve the rigidity, the X-direction linear motor 5 adopts a double-beam synchronous driving technology, and an X-direction stator and an X-direction mover are respectively arranged in front and at the back. In order to further improve the rigidity of the Z-direction linear motor 6, a pneumatic internal contracting brake device is arranged between the Z-direction linear motor and the guide rail. The Z-direction linear motor adopts an encoder with the resolution of 0.01 mu m, and ensures that the scratching depth of a single abrasive particle has the resolution of better than 0.1 mu m. The X-direction linear motor has the maximum moving speed of 350mm/s, so that the distance between adjacent scratches is 1.75mm when the workpiece rotates at the highest rotating speed (12000 rpm), and the adjacent scratches are prevented from interfering with each other during high-speed scratching.

The workpiece clamp 7 comprises a base plate arranged on the main shaft, a lower clamp body, an upper clamp body, an adjusting mechanism and two balance blocks; the upper end surface of the base plate is provided with a convex part, the lower end surface of the lower clamp body is provided with a concave part, the lower clamp body is arranged on the base plate, and the concave part and the convex part are matched to form a spherical pair; the workpiece 8 is arranged on the lower fixture body and is clamped with the workpiece 8 through the upper fixture body and the lower fixture body; the adjusting mechanism is connected with the base plate and the lower fixture body, and the adjusting mechanism is used for adjusting whether the end surface of the workpiece and the rotation axis of the base plate deflect or not and the deflection angle; the upper end surface of the base plate is concavely provided with an annular chute surrounding the lower clamp body, the balance blocks are arranged in the annular chute and can annularly slide along the annular chute, and the equivalent balance mass m' generated by sliding adjustment of the two balance blocks offsets the eccentric mass m generated after the base plate, the lower clamp body, the upper clamp body and the workpiece are assembled. The end face runout of the friction disc is eliminated through workpiece inclination adjustment, the eccentric mass m generated by the assembly body is offset through the balance mass m', dynamic balance is achieved, the contact stability of a single abrasive particle and the workpiece is improved, and the stability in the scratching process is guaranteed.

The variable-depth scratching test of the single abrasive particle high-speed variable-depth scratching test machine comprises the following steps: the electric spindle module 2 drives the workpiece clamp 7 and a workpiece 8 on the workpiece clamp 7 to rotate around the Z direction; the X-direction linear motor 5 drives a single abrasive particle to feed along the X axis; making the scratching track form a spiral scratch through the rotation and the feeding; the Z-direction linear motor 6 is matched with a friction constant force loading and measuring system to realize constant force loading, the constant force loading realizes variable-depth scratching test, and single abrasive particles generate sliding, plowing and cutting effects on the workpiece 8.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and therefore the scope of the present invention should not be limited by this description, and all equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope and the specification of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a single high-speed variable depth of grit is drawn and is wiped testing machine which characterized in that: the grinding machine comprises a machine body, an electric spindle module, an X-direction linear motor, a Z-direction linear motor, a workpiece clamp, a workpiece and single abrasive particles; the lathe bed is fixedly provided with a working table surface and a feeding shaft supporting frame, and the feeding shaft supporting frame is provided with a beam positioned on the working table surface; the electric spindle module can be rotatably arranged on the lathe bed, the axis of the electric spindle module is arranged along the Z axis, the output end of the electric spindle module penetrates through the working table from bottom to top, the workpiece fixture is positioned on the working table and fixedly connected to the output end of the electric spindle module so as to drive the workpiece fixture to rotate through the electric spindle module, and the workpiece is connected to the workpiece fixture; the X-direction linear motor is horizontally assembled on a cross beam of the feeding shaft support frame and comprises an X-direction stator and an X-direction mover, and the X-direction mover can move along the cross beam relative to the X-direction stator; the Z-direction linear motor is vertically assembled on an X-direction rotor of the X-direction linear motor and comprises a Z-direction stator and a Z-direction rotor, the Z-direction rotor can move along the Z direction relative to the Z-direction stator, single abrasive particles are assembled on the Z-direction rotor, and the single abrasive particles are matched with a workpiece to realize a scratching test.

2. The single abrasive particle high speed variable depth wipe test machine of claim 1, wherein: the electric main shaft module comprises a main shaft box body and a main shaft which can be rotatably connected in the main shaft box body through a hydrostatic bearing, wherein a hydraulic oil duct is arranged in the main shaft box body, the main shaft is controlled to rotate through the hydraulic oil duct, the main shaft box body is fixedly arranged on a machine body, and the main shaft is provided with the output end.

3. The single abrasive particle high speed variable depth wipe test machine of claim 1, wherein: the Z-direction rotor is internally provided with an installation cavity and a through hole penetrating from the installation cavity to the bottom surface of the Z-direction rotor, an installation pin is additionally arranged, the upper part of the installation pin is positioned in the installation cavity, two blocking pieces axially spaced along the installation pin are fixedly arranged in the installation cavity, a movable piece is slidably arranged, the movable piece is positioned between the two blocking pieces, a spring is propped between each blocking piece and each movable piece, the lower part of the installation pin penetrates through the through hole in a sliding mode, the lower part of the installation pin is provided with an abrasive particle clamp, and the single abrasive particle is connected to the abrasive particle clamp in an attaching mode.

4. The single abrasive particle high speed variable depth wipe test machine of claim 3, wherein: the single abrasive particle is a friction ball and is attached to an abrasive particle clamp.

5. The single abrasive particle high speed variable depth wipe test machine of claim 3, wherein: the upper part of the mounting pin is connected in the mounting cavity through a dynamometer, the charge amplifier is connected with the dynamometer, the data acquisition card is connected with the dynamometer, and the computer is connected with the data acquisition card and the feeding control system to control the Z-direction linear motor according to the detection of the dynamometer.

6. The high-speed variable-depth single-abrasive-particle scratching testing machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the workpiece clamp comprises a base plate arranged at the output end, a lower clamp body, an upper clamp body, an adjusting mechanism and two balance blocks; the upper end surface of the base plate is provided with a convex part, the lower end surface of the lower clamp body is provided with a concave part, the lower clamp body is arranged on the base plate, and the concave part and the convex part are matched to form a spherical pair; the workpiece is arranged on the lower clamp body and clamped and connected with the workpiece through the upper clamp body and the lower clamp body; the adjusting mechanism is connected with the base plate and the lower fixture body, and adjusts whether the end surface of the workpiece and the rotation axis of the base plate deflect or not and the deflection angle through the adjusting mechanism; the upper end face of the base plate is concavely provided with an annular sliding groove surrounding the lower clamp body, the balance blocks are arranged in the annular sliding groove and can slide along the annular sliding groove in an annular mode, and the equivalent balance mass m' generated by sliding adjustment of the two balance blocks offsets the eccentric mass m generated after the base plate, the lower clamp body, the upper clamp body and the workpiece are assembled.