CN217361871U - Ka-Band Terminated Waveguide-to-Coaxial Converter - Google Patents
Ka-Band Terminated Waveguide-to-Coaxial Converter Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及波导同轴转换设备技术领域,尤其涉及一种Ka波段端接型波导同轴转换器。The utility model relates to the technical field of waveguide coaxial conversion equipment, in particular to a Ka-band termination type waveguide coaxial converter.
背景技术Background technique
Ka波段波导-同轴转换器是一种广泛用于各类微波毫米波系统中的关键传输线过渡结构,特别是在有源相控阵天线系统中,常用于波导阵列天线与收发模块信号互连。随着相控阵雷达发展,对波导同轴转换的工作频率、带宽、尺寸等都提出了更高的要求。现有的Ka波段端接型波导-同轴转换器由于加工精度误差和装配误差会导致性能急剧恶化,如附图6所示回波损耗无法实现全频段-20dB的指标。Ka-band waveguide-coaxial converter is a key transmission line transition structure widely used in various microwave and millimeter-wave systems, especially in active phased array antenna systems, often used for signal interconnection between waveguide array antennas and transceiver modules . With the development of phased array radar, higher requirements are put forward for the operating frequency, bandwidth, and size of the waveguide coaxial conversion. The performance of the existing Ka-band terminated waveguide-coaxial converters will deteriorate sharply due to machining accuracy errors and assembly errors. As shown in Figure 6, the return loss cannot achieve the full-band -20dB target.
实用新型内容Utility model content
本实用新型要解决的技术问题是:为了解决现有技术中传统端接波导-同轴转换器由于装配和加工误差造成的性能恶化的技术问题。本实用新型提供一种Ka波段端接型波导同轴转换器,设计了可调式的波导腔体,以及通过射频绝缘子来替代传统的金属长针连接同轴接头和波导,使得部件安装变得简单高效并且大大改善产品性能稳定性,并且只需使用通用的调谐螺钉对波导内电磁场进行扰动即可完成性能的优化。极大地提高了安装效率,减少了由于装配和加工误差造成的性能恶化。The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is: in order to solve the technical problem of the performance deterioration caused by the assembly and processing errors of the traditional terminated waveguide-coaxial converter in the prior art. The utility model provides a Ka-band termination type waveguide coaxial converter, an adjustable waveguide cavity is designed, and a radio frequency insulator is used to replace the traditional metal long needle to connect the coaxial connector and the waveguide, so that the component installation becomes simple It is highly efficient and greatly improves the performance stability of the product, and the performance optimization can be completed only by perturbing the electromagnetic field in the waveguide with a general tuning screw. Greatly improves installation efficiency and reduces performance degradation due to assembly and machining errors.
本实用新型解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:一种Ka波段端接型波导同轴转换器,包括:The technical scheme adopted by the utility model to solve the technical problem is: a Ka-band termination type waveguide coaxial converter, comprising:
波导管,所述波导管具有前后贯通的腔体,所述波导管的前部设置有连接部;a waveguide, the waveguide has a cavity that penetrates through the front and rear, and the front part of the waveguide is provided with a connecting part;
波导后端盖,所述波导后端盖固设在所述波导管的后端面上,波导后端盖对应所述波导管的腔体位置设置有绝缘子安装孔;a rear end cover of the waveguide, the rear end cover of the waveguide is fixed on the rear end surface of the waveguide, and the rear end cover of the waveguide is provided with an insulator installation hole corresponding to the cavity position of the waveguide;
连接器,所述连接器固设在所述波导后端盖的后端;a connector, the connector is fixed on the rear end of the waveguide rear end cover;
射频绝缘子,所述射频绝缘子的一端安装在绝缘子安装孔中,所述射频绝缘子的另一端插接在所述连接器中。A radio frequency insulator, one end of the radio frequency insulator is installed in the insulator installation hole, and the other end of the radio frequency insulator is inserted into the connector.
进一步地,所述腔体的前端为矩形腔,所述腔体的后端为阶梯腔,所述阶梯腔的纵向截面由前至后逐步减小。Further, the front end of the cavity is a rectangular cavity, the rear end of the cavity is a stepped cavity, and the longitudinal section of the stepped cavity gradually decreases from front to back.
进一步地,为了更适合宽带传输,所述阶梯腔具有三级台阶,靠近矩形腔的为第一台阶,向后依次为第二台阶和第三台阶,三个台阶的高度从前向后方向依次递增,各阶梯参数由三维电磁仿真得到。Further, in order to be more suitable for broadband transmission, the stepped cavity has three steps, the first step is close to the rectangular cavity, the second step and the third step are in sequence backward, and the heights of the three steps increase sequentially from front to back. , the parameters of each step are obtained by 3D electromagnetic simulation.
进一步地,所述连接器包括螺纹外壳以及设置在外壳内的导体。Further, the connector includes a threaded housing and a conductor disposed within the housing.
进一步地,所述绝缘子安装孔包括大直径段和小直径段,所述射频绝缘子的主体插接在大直径段内,所述射频绝缘子长针同轴设置在小孔内,所述射频绝缘子的短针插接在所述导体内。Further, the insulator mounting hole includes a large diameter section and a small diameter section, the main body of the radio frequency insulator is inserted into the large diameter section, the long needle of the radio frequency insulator is coaxially arranged in the small hole, and the Short pins are inserted into the conductors.
进一步地,所述波导管的上端面上设置有通孔,所述通孔连通所述腔体,所述通孔插接有调谐螺钉,通用的调谐螺钉对波导内电磁场进行扰动即可完成性能的优化。Further, the upper end face of the waveguide is provided with a through hole, the through hole is connected to the cavity, and a tuning screw is inserted into the through hole, and the general tuning screw can disturb the electromagnetic field in the waveguide to complete the performance. Optimization.
进一步地,所述通孔为三个,三个通孔沿波导管的长度方向依次排列,三个通孔上均设置有调谐螺钉。Further, there are three through holes, the three through holes are arranged in sequence along the length direction of the waveguide, and tuning screws are arranged on all the three through holes.
进一步地,为了便于波导后端盖和波导管的安装,所述波导后端盖和所述波导管的后端面通过销轴连接。Further, in order to facilitate the installation of the waveguide rear end cap and the waveguide, the waveguide rear end cap and the rear end surface of the waveguide are connected by pins.
进一步地,所述连接部为四孔法兰。Further, the connecting portion is a four-hole flange.
本实用新型的有益效果是,本实用新型的Ka波段端接型波导同轴转换器,采用了全波电磁场仿真的三阶梯式单脊波导结构,此结构以及其优化结构参数保证了在全Ka波段内的同轴端和波导端的完美阻抗匹配,从而使得基于本实用新型的Ka波段端接型波导-同轴转换器具有出众的宽带插入和反射损耗性能;本实用新型使用了射频绝缘子来替代传统的金属长针连接同轴接头和波导,使得部件安装变得简单高效并且大大改善产品性能稳定性。本实用新型设计了可调式的波导腔体,使用通用的调谐螺钉即可完成性能的优化,极大地提高了安装效率,补偿和减少了难以完全避免的装配和加工误差造成的性能偏差和恶化;本实用新型独特的机械设计,得到的整个产品的精致尺寸和独特外形。The beneficial effect of the present invention is that the Ka-band terminated waveguide coaxial converter of the present invention adopts a three-step single-ridge waveguide structure simulated by a full-wave electromagnetic field. This structure and its optimized structural parameters ensure that the Perfect impedance matching between the coaxial end and the waveguide end in the band, so that the Ka-band terminated waveguide-coaxial converter based on the present utility model has outstanding broadband insertion and reflection loss performance; the present utility model uses a radio frequency insulator to replace The traditional metal long pin connects the coaxial connector and the waveguide, which makes the component installation easy and efficient and greatly improves the performance stability of the product. The utility model designs an adjustable waveguide cavity, and the performance optimization can be completed by using a general tuning screw, which greatly improves the installation efficiency, and compensates and reduces the performance deviation and deterioration caused by assembly and processing errors that cannot be completely avoided; The unique mechanical design of the utility model results in the refined size and unique shape of the entire product.
附图说明Description of drawings
下面结合附图和实施例对本实用新型进一步说明。The present utility model will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
图1是本实用新型的Ka频段端接波导-同轴转换器外形示意图;Fig. 1 is the outline schematic diagram of the Ka-band terminated waveguide-coaxial converter of the present utility model;
图2是本实用新型的Ka频段端接波导-同轴转换器装配图;Fig. 2 is the Ka-band termination waveguide-coaxial converter assembly drawing of the present utility model;
图3是本实用新型的波导腔体剖视图和后视图;3 is a cross-sectional view and a rear view of the waveguide cavity of the present invention;
图4是本实用新型的波导后端盖外形示意图;4 is a schematic diagram of the outline of the waveguide rear end cover of the present invention;
图5是本实用新型的波导射频绝缘子的外形示意图;Fig. 5 is the outline schematic diagram of the waveguide radio frequency insulator of the present invention;
图6是现有技术的VSWR和插入损耗测试数据图;Fig. 6 is the VSWR and insertion loss test data graph of the prior art;
图7是本实用新型实施例的VSWR和插入损耗测试数据图。FIG. 7 is a graph of test data of VSWR and insertion loss of an embodiment of the present invention.
图中:In the picture:
10、波导管;11、腔体;111、矩形腔;112、阶梯腔;12、通孔;13、调谐螺钉;14、连接部;20、波导后端盖;21、绝缘子安装孔;22、销轴;30、连接器;40、射频绝缘子。10, waveguide; 11, cavity; 111, rectangular cavity; 112, stepped cavity; 12, through hole; 13, tuning screw; 14, connecting part; 20, waveguide rear cover; 21, insulator mounting hole; 22, pin; 30, connector; 40, radio frequency insulator.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
现在结合附图对本实用新型作进一步详细的说明。这些附图均为简化的示意图,仅以示意方式说明本实用新型的基本结构,因此其仅显示与本实用新型有关的构成。The present utility model will now be described in further detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. These drawings are all simplified schematic diagrams, and only illustrate the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner, so they only show the structures related to the present invention.
在本实用新型的描述中,需要理解的是,术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本实用新型和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本实用新型的限制。此外,限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本实用新型的描述中,除非另有说明,“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "Back", "Left", "Right", "Vertical", "Horizontal", "Top", "Bottom", "Inside", "Outside", "Clockwise", "Counterclockwise", "Axial" The orientation or positional relationship indicated by , "radial direction", "circumferential direction", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying the indicated device. Or the elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. Furthermore, features delimited with "first", "second" may expressly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.
在本实用新型的描述中,需要说明的是,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或一体的连接;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以具体情况理解上述术语在本实用新型中的具体含义。In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a connectable connection. Detachable connection, or integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication of the two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific situations.
如图1至图3所示,一种Ka波段端接型波导同轴转换器,包括:波导管10、波导后端盖20、连接器30以及射频绝缘子40,波导管10具有前后贯通的腔体11,波导管10的前部设置有连接部14;波导后端盖20固设在波导管10的后端面上,波导后端盖20对应波导管10的腔体11位置设置有绝缘子安装孔21,连接器30固设在波导后端盖20的后端,射频绝缘子40的一端安装在绝缘子安装孔21中,射频绝缘子40的另一端插接在连接器30中,波导后端盖20如图4所示。As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 , a Ka-band terminated waveguide-to-coaxial converter includes: a
腔体11的前端为矩形腔111,腔体11的后端为阶梯腔112,阶梯腔112的纵向截面由前至后逐步减小,阶梯腔112具有三级台阶,靠近矩形腔111的为第一台阶,向后依次为第二台阶和第三台阶,三个台阶的高度从前向后方向依次递增,各阶梯参数由三维电磁仿真得到。The front end of the
连接器30包括螺纹外壳以及设置在外壳内的导体,绝缘子安装孔21包括大直径段和小直径段,射频绝缘子40的主体插接在大直径段内,射频绝缘子40长针同轴设置在小孔内,射频绝缘子40的短针插接在导体内,射频绝缘子40如图5所示。The
波导管10的上端面上设置有通孔12,通孔12连通腔体11,通孔12插接有调谐螺钉13,通孔12为三个,三个通孔12沿波导管10的长度方向依次排列,三个通孔12上均设置有调谐螺钉13。The upper end surface of the
波导后端盖20和波导管10的后端面通过销轴22连接,连接部14为四孔法兰。The rear end surface of the waveguide
实施例1Example 1
矩形腔111的长度为13.76mm,宽度7.12mm,高度3.56mm,匹配标准WR-28矩形波导的矩形槽宽度和高度,内部介质为空气,连接部14为标准WR-28四孔法兰,The length of the
阶梯腔112具有三级阶梯第一级台阶长度为2.59mm,宽度为1.96mm,高度为0.28mm,第二级台阶长度为2.21mm,宽度为1.96mm,高度为1.12mm;第二级台阶长度为1.5mm,宽度为1.96mm,高度为2.24mm,三个通孔12为标准M1.6螺纹孔,波导管10后端面上设有定位销孔,销孔为直径1mm的定位销孔,用于安装定位销钉,用于波导后端盖20和波导管10的后端面的连接,波导管10后端面上设有标准M2.5螺纹孔,用以和K型连接器30螺纹连接;The stepped
波导后端盖20长度15.88mm,宽度7.62mm,厚度2.54mm,端面上设有直径2.6mm通孔12,用于安装K型连接器30。The waveguide
本申请的Ka波段端接型波导同轴转换器,装配过程如下:The Ka-band termination type waveguide coaxial converter of the present application, the assembly process is as follows:
步骤一,将导电胶涂抹到射频绝缘子40本体表面,步骤二,将涂抹好的射频绝缘子40安装入波导后端盖20上,放入高温箱烘干固定;步骤三,将标准定位销钉一头插入烘干好的波导后端盖20,并且将销钉另一头插入波导管10上的销钉孔内;步骤四,将K型连接器30安装在波导后端盖20无销钉孔的另一侧,拧上标准螺钉,固定K型连接器30;步骤五,将3个调谐螺钉13分别拧入波导腔体11上端的通孔12;
通过以上5个装配步骤实现了Ka波段端接波导同轴转换器的组装:K型连接器30、波导后端盖20、射频绝缘子40与波导管10的完全配合。The assembly of the Ka-band-terminated waveguide coaxial converter is achieved through the above five assembly steps: the K-
需要注意的是,在步骤一中,射频绝缘子40采用市场上通用的射频绝缘子40,将导电胶均匀涂抹到射频绝缘子40本体粗端圆柱体表面,涂抹范围以达到粗端圆柱体长度2/3处位移。It should be noted that in
在步骤二中,波导后端盖20开有与射频绝缘子40匹配的绝缘子安装孔21,将涂抹好的射频绝缘子40,缓缓放入绝缘子安装孔21,小心移动使绝缘子中心与安装孔中心同心,然后将其放入120℃的高温箱中烘20分钟,使绝缘子牢牢地固定在盖板上。In
在步骤三中,将2枚标准直径1mm的定位销钉一头分别插入烘干好的波导后端盖20销孔里,并且将销钉另一头分别插入波导腔体11上所对应的定位销孔里面,使射频绝缘子40,波导盖板和波导腔体11有很高的装配精度。In
在步骤四中,将波导后端盖20上裸露在外面的细端射频探针插入K型连接器30内导体中心,使用2枚标准M2.5螺钉,按顺序拧入后端盖板直径2.6mm通孔12和波导腔体11上的M2.5标准紧固螺纹孔,使K型连接器30、波导后端盖20和波导腔体11连接成一个整体。In step 4, insert the exposed thin-end RF probe on the waveguide
在步骤五中,在波导腔体11顶部调谐螺纹孔上拧入3个标准的M1.6调谐螺钉13,通过控制螺钉拧入的深度来优化最佳的性能。In
本实施例1的测试结果如图7所示,回波损耗在26.5-40GHz全频段内大于20dB,产品性能优异远超同类产品。The test results of this
本实用新型的Ka波段端接型波导同轴转换器,采用了全波电磁场仿真的三阶梯式单脊波导结构,此结构以及其优化结构参数保证了在全Ka波段内的同轴端和波导端的完美阻抗匹配,从而使得基于本实用新型的Ka波段端接型波导-同轴转换器具有出众的宽带插入和反射损耗性能;本实用新型使用了射频绝缘子40来替代传统的金属长针连接同轴接头和波导,使得部件安装变得简单高效并且大大改善产品性能稳定性。本实用新型设计了可调式的波导腔体11,使用通用的调谐螺钉13即可完成性能的优化,极大地提高了安装效率,补偿和减少了难以完全避免的装配和加工误差造成的性能偏差和恶化;本实用新型独特的机械设计,得到的整个产品的精致尺寸和独特外形。The Ka-band end-connected waveguide coaxial converter of the present invention adopts a three-step single-ridge waveguide structure simulated by a full-wave electromagnetic field. This structure and its optimized structural parameters ensure the coaxial end and the waveguide in the full Ka-band. Therefore, the Ka-band terminated waveguide-coaxial converter based on the present invention has excellent broadband insertion and reflection loss performance; the present invention uses the
综上所述,本实用新型的Ka波段端接型波导同轴转换器,产品安装简单,产品性能稳定性、一致性、可靠性得到有效提高。以上述依据本实用新型的理想实施例为启示,通过上述的说明内容,相关工作人员完全可以在不偏离本项实用新型技术思想的范围内,进行多样的变更以及修改。本项实用新型的技术性范围并不局限于说明书上的内容,必须要如权利要求范围来确定其技术性范围。To sum up, the Ka-band termination type waveguide coaxial converter of the present invention is simple in product installation, and the performance stability, consistency and reliability of the product are effectively improved. Taking the above ideal embodiment according to the present invention as inspiration, through the above description, relevant staff can make various changes and modifications without departing from the technical idea of the present invention. The technical scope of the present utility model is not limited to the contents in the description, and the technical scope must be determined according to the scope of the claims.
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