CN217035693U - Fuel cell postposition high-efficiency membrane oxygen enrichment device and fuel cell system - Google Patents
Fuel cell postposition high-efficiency membrane oxygen enrichment device and fuel cell system Download PDFInfo
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- CN217035693U CN217035693U CN202122276908.3U CN202122276908U CN217035693U CN 217035693 U CN217035693 U CN 217035693U CN 202122276908 U CN202122276908 U CN 202122276908U CN 217035693 U CN217035693 U CN 217035693U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a postposition high-efficiency membrane oxygenator of a fuel cell and a fuel cell system, which at least comprise a shell, wherein the shell is of a three-dimensional structure with certain cavity volume, a membrane separation component is arranged in the shell, the membrane separation component is at least provided with a gas separation membrane tube, and two ends of the outer side of the gas separation membrane tube form a diversion cavity through sealing; end covers are arranged on two sides of the shell, a certain cavity structure is formed between the shell and the end covers on the two sides, a compressed air inlet and a waste gas outlet are respectively arranged on the end covers on the two sides, and the compressed air inlet is communicated with the waste gas outlet through a gas separation pipe; an oxygen-enriched gas collection cavity is arranged on the side surface of the shell, an oxygen-enriched outlet is arranged on the oxygen-enriched gas collection cavity, and the oxygen-enriched gas collection cavity is communicated with the flow guide cavity. The high-efficiency membrane oxygenator can effectively reduce the content of nitrogen in compressed air, so that the oxygen concentration of air entering the galvanic pile is greatly improved, and the oxygen-enriched air can be supplied with variable oxygen concentration by matching with a controller.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the field of proton exchange membrane fuel cell systems, in particular to a postposition high-efficiency membrane oxygenator of a fuel cell and a fuel cell system with the membrane oxygenator.
Background
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) have the advantages of environmental protection, high efficiency, high starting speed, high power density and the like, are one of the main competitors of the future traffic power system, usually compress air in order to improve the generating efficiency when hydrogen and oxygen in the air carry out electrochemical reaction power generation under the action of a catalyst through a proton exchange membrane, and mainly aim at improving the concentration of the oxygen so as to realize more contact opportunities of the hydrogen and the oxygen under the limited reaction volume and improve the reaction efficiency. The existing fuel cell engine system is generally provided with an air filter, an air compressor, an intercooler and a humidifier, and air enters an electric pile after being filtered, compressed, cooled and humidified sequentially through the components. Because the oxygen content of the air entering the pile is only about 20%, about 80% of the nitrogen which does not participate in the electrochemical reaction in the air passing through the pile is used as waste gas, so that the system load is increased, higher technical requirements are put forward for corresponding parts, and meanwhile, great waste is caused.
For the electric pile, in order to realize higher energy density, the pressure of gas reaction needs to be increased, which increases the requirements on the sealing of the electric pile, the pressure resistance and the air tightness of the bipolar plate, and increases the technical difficulty and the cost.
For the air compressor, nearly 80% of the consumed power is subjected to meaningless nitrogen compression; meanwhile, in order to provide enough high-pressure air in a limited space, the pressure ratio of the air pressure is very high, so that the motor needs a higher rotating speed, and the air compressor also needs higher pressure resistance requirements and sealing requirements, which undoubtedly increases the technical difficulty and cost of the air compressor.
For the humidifier, the same reason is that nearly 80% of the humidifying capacity is consumed in the humidification of nitrogen, and if the oxygen concentration of the stack gas is increased, the requirement on the humidifier can be reduced, so that the smaller humidifier with lower cost can be used.
For the intercooler, partial nitrogen can be removed by the high-temperature-resistant membrane oxygen enrichment device before compressed gas enters the intercooler, so that the requirement on the cooling capacity of the intercooler is greatly reduced, and meanwhile, the cost of the intercooler and parasitic power formed by cooling are reduced.
Therefore, those skilled in the art have been devoted to develop a membrane oxygenator with high efficiency for a fuel cell and a fuel cell system to solve the above problems.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a high efficiency membrane oxygenator and a fuel cell system after a fuel cell, so as to improve the energy density ratio of the fuel cell system and reduce the cost.
In order to solve the problems, the utility model provides a fuel cell postposition high-efficiency membrane oxygen enrichment device, which at least comprises a shell, wherein the shell is of a three-dimensional structure with certain cavity volume, a membrane separation assembly is arranged in the shell, the membrane separation assembly is at least provided with a gas separation membrane tube, and two ends of the outer side of the gas separation membrane tube form a flow guide cavity through sealing; end covers are arranged on two sides of the shell, a certain cavity structure is formed between the shell and the end covers on the two sides, a compressed air inlet and a waste gas outlet are respectively arranged on the end covers on the two sides, and the compressed air inlet is communicated with the waste gas outlet through the gas separation membrane tube; the side surface of the shell is provided with an oxygen-enriched gas collecting cavity, an oxygen-enriched outlet is arranged on the oxygen-enriched gas collecting cavity, and the oxygen-enriched gas collecting cavity is communicated with the flow guide cavity.
Furthermore, two opposite end faces of the shell and the end cover are respectively provided with a mounting ring I and a mounting ring II, and the mounting rings I and the mounting rings II are fastened through bolts so as to connect the end cover to the shell.
Further, a cavity formed by the shell and an end cover on one side of the compressed air inlet is a buffer cavity, and the end cover is a buffer cavity end cover; the cavity formed by the shell and the end cover on one side of the waste gas outlet is a waste gas cavity, and the end cover is an end cover of the waste gas cavity.
Furthermore, the membrane separation component is provided with a gas separation membrane tube for separating oxygen-enriched gas from compressed air, and the outer sides of the two ends of the gas separation membrane tube form two spaces, namely an inner space and an outer space, with the membrane tube wall of the gas separation membrane tube through sealing glue filling.
Further, starting with the compressed air inlet, the buffer cavity end cover, the buffer cavity, the glue filling part of the gas separation membrane tube, the inner side of the tube wall of the gas separation membrane tube, the exhaust gas cavity and the exhaust gas cavity end cover finally reach the exhaust gas outlet to form a communicated cavity, and nitrogen-rich gas in the compressed air are discharged through the communicated cavity.
Furthermore, a communicating cavity is formed among the outer side of the tube wall of the gas separation membrane tube, the flow guide cavity formed by glue pouring and the oxygen-enriched gas collecting cavity, which are communicated with the oxygen-enriched outlet, and oxygen-enriched gas in the compressed air is separated from other gases in the compressed air, such as nitrogen and nitrogen-enriched gas, through the communicating cavity.
Furthermore, the material of the gas separation membrane tube is a microporous membrane material with selective permeation made of a high polymer material, and preferably a hollow fiber membrane.
Further, the material of the gas separation membrane tube is a high temperature resistant material, and the high temperature resistant material of the gas separation membrane tube is not less than 170 ℃.
Further, the membrane oxygenator is arranged behind an air compressor of the fuel cell and in front of the intercooler; or after the intercooler and before the humidifier.
The application also provides a fuel cell system, and the fuel cell system is provided with the rear-mounted high-efficiency membrane oxygenator.
By implementing the fuel cell postposition high-efficiency membrane oxygenator and the fuel cell system provided by the utility model, the technical effects are as follows: the high-efficiency membrane oxygenator of the technical scheme utilizes the gas separation membrane tube to form two spaces inside and outside the tube wall, separates oxygen-enriched gas and nitrogen in compressed air, effectively reduces the nitrogen content in the compressed air, greatly improves the oxygen concentration of air entering a galvanic pile, and can also be matched with a controller to realize variable oxygen concentration gas supply of gas entering the galvanic pile.
Drawings
The conception, the specific structure and the technical effects of the present invention will be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings so as to fully understand the objects, the features and the effects of the present invention:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a post-positioned high efficiency membrane oxygenator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the membrane separation module of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the nitrogen-oxygen separation of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of the membrane separation assembly of FIG. 1;
in the figure:
1. a housing; 10. a buffer cavity end cover; 11. a compressed gas inlet; 12. an exhaust cavity end cover; 13. an exhaust gas outlet; 14. a mounting ring I; 15. a mounting ring II; 16. an oxygen-enriched gas-collecting cavity; 17. an oxygen-enriched outlet; 18. a membrane separation module; 180. a gas separation membrane tube; 181. a flow guide cavity; 182. a glue filling part; 19. a seal ring;
A. oxygen-enriched gas; B. nitrogen-rich gas;
the arrows in the figure indicate the gas flow direction.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below using examples.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the high-efficiency membrane oxygenator disposed behind a fuel cell provided in this embodiment at least includes a casing 1, where the casing 1 is a three-dimensional structure having a certain cavity volume, a membrane separation assembly 18 is disposed in the casing 1, the membrane separation assembly 18 is at least provided with a gas separation membrane tube 180, and two ends of the outer side of the gas separation membrane tube 180 form a diversion cavity 181 through sealing; end covers are arranged on two sides of the shell 1, a certain cavity structure is formed between the shell 1 and the end covers on the two sides, a compressed air inlet 11 and a waste gas outlet 13 are respectively arranged on the end covers on the two sides, and the compressed air inlet 11 is communicated with the waste gas outlet 13 through a gas separation membrane tube 180; an oxygen-enriched gas collecting cavity 16 is arranged on the side surface of the shell 1, an oxygen-enriched outlet 17 is arranged on the oxygen-enriched gas collecting cavity 16, and the oxygen-enriched gas collecting cavity 16 is communicated with the flow guide cavity 181.
Based on the above structure, more specifically, as shown in fig. 1-2, the cavity formed by the housing 1 and the end cover on the side of the compressed air inlet 11 is a buffer cavity, and the end cover on the side is a buffer cavity end cover 10; a cavity formed by the shell 1 and an end cover at one side of the waste gas outlet 13 is a waste gas cavity, and the end cover at the side is a waste gas cavity end cover 12; two end faces of the shell 1 opposite to the buffer cavity end cover 10 and the exhaust gas cavity end cover 12 are respectively provided with a mounting ring I14 and a mounting ring II15, and the mounting ring I14 and the mounting ring II15 are fastened through bolts, so that the buffer cavity end cover 10 and the exhaust gas cavity end cover 12 are connected to the shell 1.
Note that, in the joints of the housing 1, the buffer chamber end cap 10 and the exhaust chamber end cap 12, in order to ensure airtightness, a sealing ring 19 is usually provided between the mounting ring I14 and the mounting ring II15 to seal and prevent gas leakage.
As shown in fig. 2-3 and 5, the membrane separation module 18 is provided with a gas separation membrane tube 180 for separating oxygen-rich gas a from compressed air, more specifically, oxygen-rich gas a and nitrogen-rich gas B in the compressed air, and the outside of the two ends of the gas separation membrane tube 180 is sealed by a glue filling part 182 to form two spaces inside and outside the tube on the membrane tube wall of the gas separation membrane tube 180.
Starting with a compressed air inlet 11, filling glue 182 parts of a buffer cavity end cover 10, a buffer cavity and a gas separation membrane tube 180, the inner side of the tube wall of the gas separation membrane tube 180, a waste gas cavity and a waste gas cavity end cover 12, and finally reaching a waste gas outlet 13 to form a communicating cavity, wherein nitrogen and nitrogen-rich gas B in the compressed air are discharged through the communicating cavity; the outer side of the tube wall of the gas separation membrane tube 180, the flow guide cavity 181 formed by the glue filling 182 and the oxygen-enriched gas collection cavity 16 are communicated with the oxygen-enriched outlet 17 to form a communicated cavity, and the oxygen-enriched gas A in the compressed air is separated from other gases in the compressed air, such as nitrogen and nitrogen-enriched gas, through the communicated cavity.
The gas separation membrane tube 180 is made of a microporous membrane material having selective permeability, such as microporous polyethylene, porous acetate fiber, homogeneous acetate fiber, silicone rubber, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polycarbonate, or the like, and is preferably a hollow fiber membrane. The material of the gas separation membrane tube 180 is a high temperature resistant material, and the high temperature resistance of the gas separation membrane tube 180 is more than or equal to 170 ℃ so as to adapt to the high temperature preparation and use environment.
In this embodiment, the separation of the nitrogen-rich gas B and the oxygen-rich gas A in the compressed air is performed through the gas separation membrane tube 180 based on the membrane separation technology, and the basic principle is based on the characteristic that the membrane has selective permeation and diffusion properties for the gas components. The velocity of each component in the compressed gas through the gas separation membrane tube 180 is different, and the velocity of each component through the gas separation membrane tube 180 is related to the properties of the gas, the characteristics of the gas separation membrane tube 180, and the partial pressure difference across the gas separation membrane tube 180; compressed air is through passing through the cushion chamber from the compressed air inlet, later by gas separation membrane tube 180 one end entering, the gas molecule is at first in the high-pressure side contact of gas separation membrane tube 180 under the pressure effect, the mist dissolves in gas separation membrane tube 180 with different solubility at gas separation membrane tube 180's high-pressure side surface, then under the promotion of gas separation membrane tube 180 both sides pressure differential, the molecule of mist diffuses to gas separation membrane tube 180's low pressure side with different speed, through the selection of dissolving and two processes of diffusion, final mist is separated into each component. As shown in fig. 4, the permeation rate of moisture and oxygen is higher than that of nitrogen, and after separation through the gas separation membrane tube 180, the gas left on the high-pressure side is rich in nitrogen, while the permeated gas is rich in oxygen.
In the specific implementation process, the fuel cell system is provided with the rear high-efficiency membrane oxygenator, and the membrane oxygenator is arranged behind an air compressor of the fuel cell and in front of an intercooler; or after the intercooler and before the humidifier.
It should be added that, unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terms "connected" and "coupled" and the like as used in the description and claims of the present patent application are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "upper", "lower", "end", "side", and the like are used only to indicate relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object to be described is changed, the relative positional relationships are changed accordingly.
Other embodiments of the utility model will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the utility model disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any uses or adaptations of the utility model following, in general, the principles of the utility model and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the utility model pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the utility model being indicated by the following claims.
It will be understood that the present invention is not limited to the constructions that have been described above and shown in the drawings, and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the utility model is limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The postpositional high-efficiency membrane oxygen enrichment device for the fuel cell is characterized by at least comprising a shell, wherein the shell is of a three-dimensional structure with certain cavity volume, a membrane separation assembly is arranged in the shell, the membrane separation assembly is at least provided with a gas separation membrane tube, and two ends of the outer side of the gas separation membrane tube form a flow guide cavity through sealing; end covers are arranged on two sides of the shell, a certain cavity structure is formed between the shell and the end covers on the two sides, a compressed air inlet and a waste gas outlet are respectively arranged on the end covers on the two sides, and the compressed air inlet is communicated with the waste gas outlet through the gas separation membrane tube; the side surface of the shell is provided with an oxygen-enriched gas-collecting cavity, an oxygen-enriched outlet is arranged on the oxygen-enriched gas-collecting cavity, and the oxygen-enriched gas-collecting cavity is communicated with the flow guide cavity.
2. The fuel cell post-positioned high efficiency membrane oxygenator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the housing and the end cap are provided with a mounting ring I and a mounting ring II on opposite end faces respectively, and the mounting ring I and the mounting ring II are fastened by bolts to connect the end cap to the housing.
3. The fuel cell postposition high-efficiency membrane oxygenator as claimed in claim 2, wherein the cavity formed by the housing and the end cover at the compressed air inlet side is a buffer cavity, and the side end cover is a buffer cavity end cover; the cavity formed by the shell and the end cover on one side of the waste gas outlet is a waste gas cavity, and the end cover is an end cover of the waste gas cavity.
4. The fuel cell postposition high-efficiency membrane oxygen enrichment device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the membrane separation assembly is provided with a gas separation membrane tube for separating oxygen-enriched gas from compressed air, and the outer sides of two ends of the gas separation membrane tube form two spaces, namely an inner space and an outer space, with the membrane tube wall of the gas separation membrane tube through sealing glue filling.
5. The fuel cell post-positioned high efficiency membrane oxygen-enriched device according to claim 4, wherein starting from the compressed air inlet, the buffer cavity end cap, the buffer cavity, the glue filling part of the gas separation membrane tube, the inner side of the tube wall of the gas separation membrane tube, the waste gas cavity and the waste gas cavity end cap finally reach the waste gas outlet to form a communicating cavity, and nitrogen-enriched gas in the compressed air are discharged through the communicating cavity.
6. The fuel cell postposition high-efficiency membrane oxygen enrichment device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the outside of the tube wall of the gas separation membrane tube, the flow guide cavity formed by glue pouring and the oxygen-enriched gas collection cavity are communicated with the oxygen-enriched outlet to form a communicated cavity, and the oxygen-enriched gas in the compressed air is separated from the nitrogen and the nitrogen-enriched gas in the compressed air through the communicated cavity.
7. The high-efficiency membrane oxygenator arranged behind the fuel cell as claimed in claim 6, wherein the material of the gas separation membrane tube is a hollow fiber membrane made of a microporous membrane material with selective permeability made of a high polymer material.
8. The high-efficiency membrane oxygenator arranged behind the fuel cell as claimed in claim 7, wherein the material of the gas separation membrane tube is a high temperature resistant material, and the high temperature resistant material of the gas separation membrane tube is more than or equal to 170 ℃.
9. The fuel cell post-positioned high efficiency membrane oxygenator of claim 8 wherein the membrane oxygenator is positioned after an air compressor of the fuel cell, before an intercooler, or after an intercooler, before a humidifier.
10. A fuel cell system having a post high efficiency membrane oxygenator of any one of claims 1 to 9 disposed thereon.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202122276908.3U CN217035693U (en) | 2021-09-21 | 2021-09-21 | Fuel cell postposition high-efficiency membrane oxygen enrichment device and fuel cell system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202122276908.3U CN217035693U (en) | 2021-09-21 | 2021-09-21 | Fuel cell postposition high-efficiency membrane oxygen enrichment device and fuel cell system |
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| CN217035693U true CN217035693U (en) | 2022-07-22 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116864733A (en) * | 2023-05-05 | 2023-10-10 | 武汉雄韬氢雄燃料电池科技有限公司 | Oxygen enrichment device for high-power fuel cell and high-power fuel cell system |
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2021
- 2021-09-21 CN CN202122276908.3U patent/CN217035693U/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116864733A (en) * | 2023-05-05 | 2023-10-10 | 武汉雄韬氢雄燃料电池科技有限公司 | Oxygen enrichment device for high-power fuel cell and high-power fuel cell system |
| CN116864733B (en) * | 2023-05-05 | 2024-02-27 | 武汉雄韬氢雄燃料电池科技有限公司 | Oxygen enrichment device for high-power fuel cell and high-power fuel cell system |
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