CN116864733B - Oxygen enrichment device for high-power fuel cell and high-power fuel cell system - Google Patents
Oxygen enrichment device for high-power fuel cell and high-power fuel cell system Download PDFInfo
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- CN116864733B CN116864733B CN202310494358.3A CN202310494358A CN116864733B CN 116864733 B CN116864733 B CN 116864733B CN 202310494358 A CN202310494358 A CN 202310494358A CN 116864733 B CN116864733 B CN 116864733B
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- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 178
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 178
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 177
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 123
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000036647 reaction Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000036284 oxygen consumption Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04228—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during shut-down
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an oxygen enrichment device for a high-power fuel cell and a high-power fuel cell system. The oxygen enrichment device comprises an oxygen enrichment tank, wherein the oxygen enrichment tank comprises a first cavity and a second cavity which are mutually independent, and the first cavity is positioned below the second cavity; the first cavity is an oxygen-enriched cavity, a hollow fiber tube bundle is arranged in the cavity to separate air into oxygen-deficient gas and oxygen-enriched gas, and the obtained oxygen-enriched gas enters a fuel cell system; the generated oxygen-deficient gas enters the second cavity oxygen-deficient cavity, and the oxygen-deficient cavity can directly input the oxygen-deficient gas into the fuel cell. The invention can better realize air separation, thereby meeting the requirement of high oxygen consumption of a high-power fuel cell compared with the air for improving the oxygen concentration of output gas; by additionally arranging the oxygen-enriched tank at the oxidant gas inlet end of the high-power fuel cell system, smaller air compressors, intercoolers, humidifiers and the like can be selected to reduce the cost of parts of the system, thereby reducing the auxiliary power consumption and the overall production cost of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fuel cell systems, and particularly relates to an oxygen enrichment device for a high-power fuel cell and the high-power fuel cell system.
Background
Fuel cells have received much attention because of their high energy conversion efficiency, low environmental pollution, and high specific energy density. As the application fields of fuel cells are widened and the application scale is increased, the demand for high-power fuel cells is also increasing. Particularly for the traffic field, the fuel cell is used as an on-vehicle power generation and energy conversion device and mainly plays roles of energy conversion and output. Corresponding power batteries are usually matched in the vehicle-mounted system as energy collecting and transferring devices, and the requirements of the power batteries are continuously reduced due to the limitations of cost, volume weight and the like. Therefore, the power demand on the fuel cell increases. The oxidant needed by the reaction in the fuel cell is usually air, and the oxidant is directly input into the system through the air compressor and the filtering device, however, the work done by the air compressor is positively correlated with the air inflow, and the energy of the fuel cell is consumed in the work doing process, so that auxiliary power consumption is generated. Larger power requires a larger air intake system. Therefore, to meet the needs of high-power fuel cell oxidants, the air compressor power can be increased or the intake air oxygen concentration can be increased. The power of the air compressor is increased by a direct method, and meanwhile, larger auxiliary power consumption is brought, if a passive device without energy consumption is adopted, the inlet air oxygen concentration is improved, the auxiliary power consumption is reduced as much as possible while the inlet air requirement is met, and the operation and development of the high-power fuel cell are facilitated.
The membrane separation technology is an advanced technology for improving the oxygen concentration, and is generally applied to the field of thermochemical reactions such as combustion and the like. The technology adopts a special breathable film, and utilizes the difference of the film in permeability of oxygen in air and other gases to separate and enrich the oxygen in air under a certain negative pressure, so that the oxygen concentration is improved, and the purpose of passive separation is achieved. In the fuel cell air inlet system, the front end can keep negative pressure continuously after the air compressor is started, and the use condition of the membrane separation technology is met, so that the membrane separation technology has a good prospect in the field of high-power fuel cells.
In the existing patents, chinese patent CN215988863U is developed by integrating a plate-type membrane oxygen-enriching device with a fuel cell air-channel subsystem, compressed air is transmitted to the membrane oxygen-enriching device, the inlet air oxygen concentration is improved, and the increment of a humidifier is reduced. However, the air compressor has the disadvantage that the power of the air compressor cannot be reduced due to structural limitation, and the air compressor is not suitable for being applied to a high-power fuel cell system, and in addition, the air compressor adopts an integrated structure, so that the air compressor is excessively large in size and is not suitable for being used for actual loading. Chinese patent CN 217035693U discloses a fuel cell post-positioned high-efficiency membrane oxygen-enriching device applied to fuel cell system, which can reduce nitrogen content in compressed air. However, this has the disadvantage that too high an oxygen concentration is detrimental to shutdown purge due to its structural limitations during shutdown of the fuel cell system. How to increase the intake oxygen concentration in a fuel cell system and to smoothly purge the fuel cell system during shutdown is a problem to be solved in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an oxygen enrichment device for a high-power fuel cell and a high-power fuel cell system, so as to solve the problems of how to increase the inlet air oxygen concentration and smoothly purge in the prior art.
The invention provides an oxygen enrichment device for a high-power fuel cell, which comprises an oxygen enrichment tank, wherein the oxygen enrichment tank comprises a first cavity and a second cavity, the first cavity and the second cavity are mutually independent, and the first cavity is positioned below the second cavity;
one end of the oxygen enrichment tank is provided with a first inlet which is communicated with the first cavity to input air;
a hollow fiber tube bundle is arranged in the first cavity, and air is separated by the hollow fiber tube bundle in the first cavity to form oxygen-deficient gas and oxygen-enriched gas; a first outlet is arranged below the first cavity and is used for discharging oxygen-enriched gas;
and one end of the second cavity, which is far away from the first inlet, is provided with a second outlet, the second outlet is communicated with or disconnected from the first cavity, and the second outlet is communicated with the first cavity to input the oxygen-deficient gas into the second cavity, or the first outlet is disconnected from the first cavity, so that the first cavity discharges the oxygen-deficient gas or the second cavity discharges the oxygen-deficient gas.
Further, one end of the first cavity close to the first inlet is provided with a first buffer cavity, one end of the first cavity far away from the first inlet is provided with a second buffer cavity, one end of the second buffer cavity far away from the first inlet is provided with a third outlet, and the third outlet is used for discharging oxygen-deficient gas in the first cavity of the oxygen-enriched tank.
Further, the oxygen enrichment device further comprises a gas controller, the second outlet is connected with the upper end of the gas controller through a high-pressure oxygen-deficient gas pipeline, the left end of the gas controller is connected with the third outlet, and the lower end of the gas controller is provided with a fourth outlet and the right end of the gas controller is provided with a fifth outlet.
Further, the fifth outlet and the first outlet are both provided with an oxygen concentration sensor for detecting an oxygen concentration.
Further, a pressure sensor is arranged in the second cavity and is in signal connection with the gas controller, and the pressure sensor detects the gas pressure of the oxygen-deficient gas in the second cavity;
when the air pressure in the second cavity reaches a set threshold value, the air controller controls the third outlet and the fifth outlet to be closed, and the second outlet and the fourth outlet are opened to discharge oxygen-deficient air in the hollow fiber tube bundle;
when the fuel cell reaction is finished, the gas controller controls the fourth outlet to be closed, and the second outlet, the third outlet and the fifth outlet are opened to discharge the oxygen-deficient gas in the first cavity and the second cavity for purging.
Further, the hollow fiber tube bundle consists of a plurality of fiber tubes, and the hollow fiber tube bundle is formed by arranging a plurality of tubes in parallel.
Further, sealing plates are arranged at two ends of the first cavity respectively, fixing holes matched with the cross section of the hollow fiber tube bundles are formed in the sealing plates, the fixing holes are used for fixing the hollow fiber tube bundles on the sealing plates, and the sealing plates and the hollow fiber tube bundles are detachably arranged.
A high power fuel cell system comprising an oxidant intake system connected to a fuel cell stack, the oxidant intake system comprising an oxygen enrichment device for a high power fuel cell as claimed in any one of the preceding claims.
Further, the oxidant air inlet system further comprises an air filter, an air compressor, a cooler and a humidifier, wherein the air filter is connected with the air compressor, the oxygen enrichment tank is arranged between the air compressor and the cooler, one end of the humidifier is connected with the cooler, and the other end of the humidifier is connected with the first end of the three-way valve;
the oxygen-enriched gas outlet of the oxygen-enriched tank is connected with the cooler, and the oxygen-depleted gas outlet of the oxygen-enriched tank is connected with the second end of the three-way valve.
Further, the third end of the three-way valve is connected with the cathode of the fuel cell stack, and when the fuel cell system works, the three-way valve controls oxygen-enriched gas to enter the fuel cell stack for oxygen supply; when the operation of the fuel cell system is finished, the three-way valve controls the oxygen-deficient gas to enter the fuel cell stack for purging.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the independent two cavities are arranged in the oxygen-enriched tank, and the hollow fiber tube bundles are arranged in the first cavity to separate air, so that the separation of oxygen-enriched gas and oxygen-deficient gas can be better realized, and the oxygen concentration of output gas is improved compared with that of air, and the high oxygen consumption requirement of a high-power fuel cell is met;
2. the second cavity is used for storing oxygen-deficient gas, and low-oxygen concentration gas is provided in the shutdown process of the system, so that the oxygen concentration in the fuel cell stack in the shutdown process can be rapidly reduced, and the purging time and consumption of purging gas are reduced;
3. the oxygen enrichment tank is additionally arranged at the oxidant gas inlet end of the high-power fuel cell system, so that the oxygen concentration in the inlet gas of the fuel cell system is improved, the total inlet gas flow is reduced, the auxiliary power consumption of the air compressor is reduced, and the overall efficiency of the system is improved; because the oxygen-enriched tank is additionally arranged, smaller air compressors, intercoolers, humidifiers and the like can be selected to reduce the cost of parts of the system, thereby reducing the overall production cost of the system.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the following description will briefly explain the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing an oxygen enrichment device for a high power fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic transverse cross-section of an oxygen enrichment tank according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 shows a schematic longitudinal cross-section of an oxygen enrichment tank according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 shows a schematic structural view of a seal plate and hollow fiber tube bundle of an oxygen enrichment tank according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 shows a schematic structural diagram of a high-power fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1. an oxygen enrichment tank; 100. a housing; 101. a first cavity; 1001. a partition plate; 102. a second cavity; 103. a first buffer chamber; 104. a second buffer chamber; 105. a first inlet; 106. a first outlet; 107. a second outlet; 108. a third outlet; 109. a hollow fiber bundle; 110. a gas controller; 111. a fourth outlet; 112. a fifth outlet; 113. a sealing plate; 2. an air filter; 3. an air compressor; 4. a cooler; 5. a humidifier; 6. a three-way valve; 7. a fuel cell stack; 8. a cooling fan; 9. a circulation pump; 10. a cooling path; 11. an ejector; 12. a gas valve; 13. a fuel tank; 14. a reflux pump; 15. a water separator.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., are based on directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description and simplification of description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element to be referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in the specific direction, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention; the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, and furthermore, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "coupled," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be fixedly coupled, detachably coupled, or integrally coupled, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the present invention provides an oxygen enrichment device for a high-power fuel cell, the oxygen enrichment device comprises an oxygen enrichment tank 1, the oxygen enrichment tank 1 comprises a shell 100, a first cavity 101 and a second cavity 102, the shell 100 is in a tank shape, the first cavity 101 and the second cavity 102 are arranged in the shell 100, the first cavity 101 is used for separating compressed air into oxygen-deficient gas and oxygen-enriched gas, the second cavity 102 is used for storing the oxygen-deficient gas, the first cavity 101 and the second cavity 102 are separated by a partition plate 1001, the first cavity 101 and the second cavity 102 are independent, and the first cavity 101 is positioned below the second cavity 102. The oxygen enrichment tank 1 is provided with a first inlet 105 at one end, and the first inlet 105 communicates with the first chamber 101 to input air. A hollow fiber tube bundle 109 is arranged in the first cavity 101, air is separated by the hollow fiber tube bundle 109 in the first cavity 101 to form oxygen-deficient gas and oxygen-enriched gas, a first outlet 106 is arranged below the first cavity 101, and the first outlet 106 is used for discharging the oxygen-enriched gas. According to the invention, by arranging two independent cavities in the oxygen enrichment tank 1 and arranging the hollow fiber tube bundle 109 in the first cavity 101 to separate air, the separation of oxygen enrichment gas and oxygen-deficient gas can be better realized, so that compared with air, the oxygen concentration of output gas is improved, and the requirement of high oxygen consumption of a high-power fuel cell is met.
The end of the second chamber 102 remote from the first inlet 105 is provided with a second outlet 107, the second outlet 107 being in communication with or disconnected from the first chamber 101, the second outlet 107 being in communication with the first chamber 101 for inputting the oxygen-depleted gas into the second chamber 102, or the first outlet 106 being disconnected from the first chamber 101 for letting the first chamber 101 exhaust the oxygen-depleted gas or the second chamber 102 exhaust the oxygen-depleted gas.
Further, a first buffer chamber 103 is arranged at one end of the first chamber 101 close to the first inlet 105, a second buffer chamber 104 is arranged at one end of the first chamber away from the first inlet 105, a third outlet 108 is arranged at one end of the second buffer chamber 104 away from the first inlet 105, and the third outlet 108 is used for discharging oxygen-depleted gas in the first chamber 101 of the oxygen-enriched tank 1.
Further, a gas controller 110 is further arranged at one end of the oxygen enrichment tank 1 far away from the first inlet 105, the upper end of the gas controller 110 is connected with the second outlet 107 of the oxygen enrichment tank 1 through a high-pressure oxygen-lean gas pipeline, and the left end is connected with the third outlet 108 of the oxygen enrichment tank 1. When in use, air enters the first buffer cavity 103, then the hollow fiber tube bundle 109 is carried out, the air is separated through the hollow fiber tube bundle 109 to form oxygen-enriched air and oxygen-deficient air, the oxygen-enriched air is discharged through the first outlet 106, the oxygen-deficient air is discharged to the second buffer cavity 104, and then the oxygen-deficient air is input into the second cavity 102 for storage through the third outlet 108 and the second outlet 107.
Further, a pressure sensor is disposed in the second chamber 102, and the pressure sensor is in signal connection with the gas controller 110, for detecting the gas pressure of the oxygen-deficient gas in the second chamber 102. In use, when the gas pressure within the second cavity 102 reaches a set threshold, the gas controller 110 controls the third outlet 108 and the fifth outlet 112 to be closed, and the second outlet 107 and the fourth outlet 111 to be opened to discharge the oxygen-depleted gas within the hollow fiber tube bundle 109; when the fuel cell reaction is completed, the gas controller 110 controls the fourth outlet 111 to be closed, and the second outlet 107, the third outlet 108, and the fifth outlet 112 to be opened to discharge the oxygen-deficient gas in the first chamber 101 and the second chamber 102 for the purge operation. In the invention, the gas controller 110 is arranged at one end of the oxygen enrichment tank 1, and the gas controller 110 is used for controlling the switches of different outlets to realize the high-efficiency utilization of the oxygen-deficient gas, in the shutdown process after the fuel cell reaction is finished, the gas controller 110 can be used for controlling the second outlet 107, the third outlet 108 and the fifth outlet 112 to be opened, the oxygen-deficient gas is discharged from the second cavity 102 and directly enters the fuel cell stack 7, the purging is rapidly completed by the gas with lower oxygen concentration, the carbon corrosion phenomenon caused by the reverse polarity or high potential in the shutdown process is avoided, the service life of the stack is prolonged, and meanwhile, the hydrogen purging time in the shutdown process is reduced.
Further, the fifth outlet 112 and the first outlet 106 are both provided with oxygen concentration sensors, so that the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas of the oxygen-enriched tank 1 during operation can be detected by arranging the oxygen concentration sensors at the two outlets, and the operation state of the oxygen-enriched tank 1 can be diagnosed in real time by the stability of the oxygen concentration; on the other hand, the oxygen permeability of the hollow fiber bundle 109 can also be detected by an oxygen concentration sensor.
Further, the hollow fiber bundle 109 is composed of a plurality of fiber tubes, the fiber tubes can withstand the high temperature of 180 ℃, the length of the hollow fiber bundle 109 is the same as the length of the first cavity 101, and the hollow fiber bundle 109 is arranged in a multi-tube parallel manner. The hollow fiber tube is a microporous tube, a cavity for passing gas is arranged in the tube, and under the action of pressure, various gases are adsorbed, diffused and permeated in the hollow fiber tube at different rates, wherein oxygen and water vapor are gases with high permeation rates, and gases such as nitrogen are gases with low permeation rates. When in use, compressed air enters the hollow fiber tube bundle 109 through the first buffer cavity 103, oxygen and moisture in the air permeate into the second cavity 102 through the hollow fiber tube bundle 109, and oxygen-enriched gas is formed and discharged; the rest gas is output to the second buffer cavity 104 through the cavity of the hollow fiber tube, and oxygen-deficient gas is formed and discharged. By arranging the hollow fiber tube bundle 109 in the first cavity 101, gas with higher oxygen concentration can be provided for the air intake of the fuel cell system, and the efficiency of the fuel cell system is improved; meanwhile, air with low oxygen content can be provided for the shutdown purging process of the fuel cell, so that the purging operation of the fuel cell stack 7 is realized.
Further, sealing plates 113 are respectively arranged at two ends of the first cavity 101, fixing holes matched with the cross-sectional shape of the hollow fiber tube bundles 109 are formed in the sealing plates 113, the fixing holes are used for fixing the hollow fiber tube bundles 109 on the sealing plates 113, and the number of the fixing holes is equal to that of the hollow fiber tube bundles 109. According to the invention, the sealing of the gaps of the hollow fiber tube bundles 109 can be realized by arranging the sealing plates 113 at the two ends of the first cavity 101, so that air is prevented from directly leaking into the second cavity 102, and the oxygen concentration of oxygen-enriched gas is ensured; meanwhile, the fixing holes are formed in the sealing plate 113, so that the support and fixation of the two ends of the hollow fiber tube bundle 109 can be realized; in addition, the air flow guiding function is also provided, so that the air entering the first buffer cavity 103 is directly enabled to enter the hollow fiber tube bundle 109 for separation, and the air inlet efficiency is improved. Wherein the sealing plate 113 is made of a temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant material, and the sealing plate 113 protrudes along the central direction of the super-hollow fiber tube bundle 109, so that the support of the end part of the hollow fiber tube bundle 109 can be further enhanced. The sealing plate 113 and the hollow fiber tube bundle 109 are detachably arranged, so that the sealing plate is easy to detach and maintain and has practicability. In actual use, the number and size of hollow fiber bundles 109 can be adjusted according to the user's demand for oxygen concentration.
As shown in fig. 5, the present invention also provides a high power fuel cell system comprising an oxidant intake system connected to a fuel cell stack 7, wherein the oxidant intake system comprises an oxygen enrichment device for a high power fuel cell as described above.
Further, the oxidant air intake system further comprises an air filter 2, an air compressor 3, a cooler 4 and a humidifier 5, wherein the air filter 2 is connected with the air compressor 3 through a pipeline, the oxygen-enriched tank 1 is arranged between the air compressor 3 and the cooler 4, and an oxygen-enriched gas outlet of the oxygen-enriched tank 1 is connected with the cooler 4. One end of the humidifier 5 is connected with the cooler 4, the other end is connected with the first end of the three-way valve 6, the second end of the three-way valve 6 is connected with the oxygen-deficient gas outlet of the oxygen-enriched tank 1, and the third end is connected with the cathode of the fuel cell stack 7. The oxygen enrichment tank 1 is arranged at the rear end of the air compressor 3, so that the oxygen concentration in the air inlet of the fuel cell system is improved, the flow of the inlet air is reduced, the power of the air compressor 3 is further reduced, and the efficiency of the fuel cell system is improved; simultaneously, the flow rate of the air compressor 3 is reduced, so that the noise generated by the air compressor 3 is further reduced, and the operation noise of the fuel cell system is reduced; in addition, the invention can select smaller air compressor 3 by reducing the flow rate of air compressor 3, thereby reducing the cost of the fuel cell system; and the decrease in the intake air flow volume can greatly reduce the demands for the cooling capacity of the cooler 4 and the humidification capacity of the humidifier 5, thereby reducing the costs of the related components of the fuel cell system.
When the fuel cell system is started, air is pressurized by the air compressor 3 and then is input into the oxygen-enriched tank 1, the oxygen-enriched tank 1 separates the air into oxygen-enriched gas and oxygen-deficient gas through a hollow fiber tube bundle 109 in the oxygen-enriched tank, wherein the oxygen-enriched gas is output from an oxygen-enriched gas outlet, enters the cooler 4, is cooled by the cooler 4 and then enters the humidifier 5; at this time, the first end and the third end of the three-way valve 6 are opened, and the second end is closed, so that the humidified oxygen-enriched gas is output to the cathode of the fuel cell stack 7 for reaction. One end of the fuel cell stack 7 is connected with the humidifier 5 to promote the unreacted inert gas to enter the humidifier 5 to humidify the newly-entering oxygen-enriched gas; the humidifier 5 is provided with an outlet through which the unused moisture and gases will be directly evacuated. When the operation of the fuel cell system is finished, the oxygen-deficient gas in the oxygen-enriched tank 1 is directly output to the three-way valve 6 from the oxygen-deficient gas outlet, at the moment, the second end and the third end of the three-way valve 6 are opened, and the first end is closed, so that the oxygen-deficient gas is directly output to the fuel cell stack 7 for purging operation, the oxygen concentration in the fuel cell stack 7 can be reduced as soon as possible due to the oxygen-deficient gas, and the consumption of the purging gas is reduced.
Further, the fuel cell system further includes a fuel gas circulation system and a cooling system, each of which is connected to the fuel cell stack 7. The fuel gas circulation system comprises a fuel tank 13, a gas valve 12, an ejector 11, a reflux pump 14 and a water separator 15, wherein the fuel tank 13 is connected with the gas valve 12 through a high-pressure pipeline, and the gas valve 12 comprises an electromagnetic valve and a proportional valve; the gas valve 12 is connected with the ejector 11, and high-pressure fuel gas in the fuel tank 13 passes through the gas valve 12 to release pressure and enters the ejector 11; the ejector 11 is connected to the anode of the fuel cell stack 7, so that fuel gas is supplied to the fuel cell stack 7 to perform a reaction. The fuel cell stack 7 is connected with a water separator 15, the water separator 15 is connected with the ejector 11 through a reflux pump 14, and the water separator 15 can separate fuel gas with smaller mass density from water vapor with larger density. The high-temperature and high-humidity fuel gas after reaction enters the water separator 15 through a pipeline, gas-water separation is carried out in the water separator 15, the separated liquid water is directly discharged, the separated gas enters the reflux pump 14 and is conveyed to the ejector 11 through the reflux pump 14 to be mixed with the newly-introduced fuel gas, and therefore fuel gas humidification and recycling are completed.
Further, the cooling system includes a circulation pump 9, a cooling fan 8, and a cooling circuit 10 inside the fuel cell stack, one end of the cooling fan 8 is connected to the cooling circuit 10, the other end is connected to the circulation pump 9, and the circulation pump 9 is connected to the cooling circuit 10, thereby forming a circulation cooling system. The cooling system takes cooling liquid as a medium, and participates in a pipeline circulation system of heat conduction of the whole fuel cell system, wherein the cooling liquid is water or other water-based mixture with higher specific heat capacity. The circulation pump 9 drives the cooling liquid to circulate in the cooling path 10, so as to take away a large amount of heat generated by the reaction of the fuel cell, keep the reaction in the fuel cell to be carried out in a proper interval temperature range, and the cooling fan 8 is a main heat dissipation part of the whole cooling system and can discharge the heat generated by the system to the environment in a heat radiation and heat convection mode.
Although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An oxygen enrichment device for a high-power fuel cell, which is characterized in that the oxygen enrichment device comprises an oxygen enrichment tank, the oxygen enrichment tank (1) comprises a first cavity (101) and a second cavity (102), the first cavity (101) and the second cavity (102) are mutually independent, and the first cavity (101) is positioned below the second cavity (102);
one end of the oxygen enrichment tank (1) is provided with a first inlet (105), and the first inlet (105) is communicated with the first cavity (101) to input air;
a hollow fiber tube bundle (109) is arranged in the first cavity (101), and air is separated by the hollow fiber tube bundle (109) in the first cavity (101) to form oxygen-deficient gas and oxygen-enriched gas; a first outlet (106) is arranged below the first cavity (101), and the first outlet (106) is used for discharging oxygen-enriched gas;
a second outlet (107) is arranged at one end, far away from the first inlet (105), of the second cavity (102), the second outlet (107) is communicated with or disconnected from the first cavity (101), the second outlet (107) is communicated with the first cavity (101) to input oxygen-deficient gas into the second cavity (102), or the first outlet (106) is disconnected from the first cavity (101) to enable the first cavity (101) to exhaust the oxygen-deficient gas or enable the second cavity (102) to exhaust the oxygen-deficient gas;
a first buffer cavity (103) is arranged at one end, close to the first inlet (105), of the first cavity (101), a second buffer cavity (104) is arranged at one end, far away from the first inlet (105), of the second buffer cavity (104), a third outlet (108) is arranged at one end, far away from the first inlet (105), of the second buffer cavity (104), and the third outlet (108) is used for discharging oxygen-deficient gas in the first cavity (101) of the oxygen-enriched tank (1);
the oxygen enrichment device further comprises a gas controller (110), the second outlet (107) is connected with the upper end of the gas controller (110) through a high-pressure oxygen-deficient gas pipeline, the left end of the gas controller (110) is connected with a third outlet (108), the lower end of the gas controller (110) is provided with a fourth outlet (111) and the right end of the gas controller (110) is provided with a fifth outlet (112);
a pressure sensor is arranged in the second cavity (102), the pressure sensor is in signal connection with the gas controller (110), and the pressure sensor detects the pressure of oxygen-deficient gas in the second cavity (102);
when the air pressure in the second cavity (102) reaches a set threshold value, the air controller (110) controls the third outlet (108) and the fifth outlet (112) to be closed, and the second outlet (107) and the fourth outlet (111) are opened to discharge the oxygen-deficient air in the hollow fiber tube bundle (109);
when the fuel cell reaction is finished, the gas controller (110) controls the fourth outlet (111) to be closed, and the second outlet (107), the third outlet (108) and the fifth outlet (112) are opened to discharge the oxygen-deficient gas in the first cavity (101) and the second cavity (102) into the fuel cell stack for purging.
2. An oxygen enrichment device for high power fuel cells according to claim 1, wherein the fifth outlet (112) and the first outlet (106) are each provided with an oxygen concentration sensor for detecting the oxygen concentration.
3. An oxygen enrichment device for high power fuel cells according to claim 1, wherein the hollow fiber bundle (109) consists of several fiber tubes, the hollow fiber bundle (109) being a multitube side-by-side arrangement.
4. The oxygen enrichment device for high-power fuel cells according to claim 1, wherein sealing plates (113) are respectively arranged at two ends of the first cavity (101), fixing holes matched with the cross section shape of the hollow fiber tube bundles (109) are formed in the sealing plates (113), the fixing holes are used for fixing the hollow fiber tube bundles (109) on the sealing plates (113), and the sealing plates (113) and the hollow fiber tube bundles (109) are detachably arranged.
5. A high power fuel cell system, characterized in that the fuel cell system comprises an oxidant intake system connected to a fuel cell stack (7), the oxidant intake system comprising an oxygen enrichment device for a high power fuel cell according to any of claims 1-4.
6. The high power fuel cell system according to claim 5, wherein the oxidant intake system further comprises an air filter (2), an air compressor (3), a cooler (4) and a humidifier (5), the air filter (2) is connected to the air compressor (3), the oxygen-enriched tank (1) is installed between the air compressor (3) and the cooler (4), one end of the humidifier (5) is connected to the cooler (4), and the other end is connected to a first end of a three-way valve (6);
the oxygen-enriched gas outlet of the oxygen-enriched tank (1) is connected with the cooler (4), and the oxygen-depleted gas outlet of the oxygen-enriched tank (1) is connected with the second end of the three-way valve (6).
7. The high-power fuel cell system according to claim 6, wherein a third end of the three-way valve (6) is connected with a cathode of the fuel cell stack (7), and when the fuel cell system works, the three-way valve (6) controls oxygen-enriched gas to enter the fuel cell stack (7) for oxygen supply; when the operation of the fuel cell system is finished, the three-way valve (6) controls the oxygen-deficient gas to enter the fuel cell stack (7) for purging.
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| CN116864733A (en) | 2023-10-10 |
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