CN216972705U - Self-weight self-sustaining thermal expansion conductive mechanism for assembling aluminum electrolysis anode - Google Patents

Abstract

A self-weight self-supporting thermal expansion conductive mechanism for assembling an aluminum electrolysis anode comprises a conductive block, a threaded rod, a threaded sliding sleeve, a mandril, a lever, a clamping plate and a supporting frame; the threaded rod penetrates through the through hole in the middle of the conductive block; a threaded sliding sleeve is arranged on the threaded rod; a push rod is arranged on the threaded sliding sleeve, and the other end of the push rod is connected with the upper end of the lever; the lever takes the support frame as a rotating fulcrum, the lower end of the lever is connected with the clamping plate through a pin shaft, and when the threaded rod rotates, the threaded sliding sleeve is driven to move along the axial direction of the threaded rod and the clamping plate is driven to compress or loosen the clamping part of the anode carbon block through the ejector rod and the lever structure. The mechanism does not change the existing structure and process of any electrolytic cell, does not need to remove an electrolyte layer on the upper part of the residual anode, can finish the assembly and replacement of the anode carbon block by only performing tightening and loosening operation on one bolt head of the threaded rod, can be repeatedly used for many times, and can firmly prevent the dropping of the block by depending on the dead weight of the carbon block, and can lead the pressure joint of the clamping surface and the conductive surface to be more compact when in thermal expansion.

Description

Self-weight self-sustaining thermal expansion conductive mechanism for assembling aluminum electrolysis anode

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of carbon block clamping and conducting tools in aluminum electrolysis, in particular to a self-weight self-sustaining thermal expansion conducting mechanism which is used for assembling an aluminum electrolysis anode carbon block and is convenient to operate.

Background

Currently, metal aluminum smelting all over the world adopts an electrolysis process, wherein tens of groups of anodes hung side by side at the upper part and tens of groups of cathodes built at the bottom of the electrolytic cell are utilized to electrolyze aluminum oxide, oxygen in the aluminum oxide reacts with anode carbon blocks to generate carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, the carbon dioxide and the carbon monoxide are discharged, and the rest pure aluminum is left in the electrolytic cell to complete the smelting process.

Each anode assembly (as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2) of the current aluminum electrolysis cell is composed of an upper aluminum guide rod, a middle steel cross beam and a steel claw, and a lower carbon block, wherein the aluminum guide rod and the steel cross beam are connected by aluminum steel explosion welding, and the steel claw and the carbon block are connected by phosphorus pig iron casting.

The anode carbon block has two key functions of participating in chemical reaction and conducting electricity, is a consumable product, and needs to be replaced by a new carbon block after being consumed to a certain degree. As the carbon blocks and the steel claws of the traditional anode assembly are cast and connected by adopting the phosphorus pig iron, when the old carbon blocks are required to be separated and the new carbon blocks are required to be replaced, the old carbon blocks (residual poles) are firstly crushed, iron rings formed by casting the phosphorus pig iron are pressed and removed, the steel claws are cleaned, the new carbon blocks are replaced, then the phosphorus pig iron in a high-temperature molten state is cast again, and the phosphorus pig iron is fixed after being cooled and solidified. Hundreds and thousands of anode assemblies are required to be replaced every day in an electrolytic aluminum plant, and the aluminum plant needs to be provided with a special anode assembly workshop to complete the replacement and assembly work of the anode carbon blocks. The anode assembly workshop has the disadvantages of various devices, serious environmental pollution, more workers, high investment and energy consumption and large safety risk, and is a huge burden in the aspects of investment, operation, safety, environmental protection and the like of each aluminum plant.

In recent years, many technicians and industry experts continuously research measures for simplifying anode assembly, and ideas of abandoning the original phosphorus pig iron casting process and carrying out anode assembly by adopting clamping or hooking modes are formed and reported. However, although there are many theoretical novel structures and methods, none of the new technologies is actually applied and popularized in the industry, and the reason for this is that various new structures and methods have some practical unfeasibility and defects, and cannot really realize complete replacement of the existing phosphorus pig iron casting structure. The main problems are as follows:

(1) the anode components are arranged in two rows of dozens of components in parallel in the electrolytic bath, and the clearance between the peripheries of carbon blocks of each anode component is very small, generally about 50 mm; hundreds of electrolytic cells of an aluminum plant are arranged in series, the space in the electrolytic cells is narrow, the space interval outside the electrolytic cells is fixed and extremely limited (in order to reduce the voltage drop of a conductive bus between the cells, the cell interval is basically the distance which is only one person passes, and is less than two meters). The overall dimension range of each part of the anode assembly is greatly limited, any novel assembling mechanism cannot break through the basic dimension range of each part of the existing phosphorus pig iron casting structure, particularly the total height of the mechanism cannot exceed the height (less than or equal to 350mm) of the original steel beam and steel claw, the total width of the mechanism cannot exceed the width (less than or equal to 500mm) of a carbon block, the total length of the upper part of the mechanism cannot exceed the length (less than or equal to 1100mm) of the original steel beam, and otherwise, the structure of the whole electrolytic cell can be changed greatly. If the electrolytic cell is modified, the investment is huge, and almost a new factory is built, the stability of the production process is damaged, and the electrolytic cell is unacceptable for any aluminum factory.

(2) The temperature in the electrolytic cell is very high, the bottom surface temperature of the anode carbon block is up to more than 900 ℃, the temperature of the steel claw and the steel beam part is more than 300 ℃ for a long time, and the temperature of the aluminum guide rod is about 100 ℃. After the anode assembly in the normal temperature cold state enters the electrolytic bath, each structural component inevitably generates a thermal expansion effect, and each structural component must be ensured to be tighter and cannot be loosened when thermal expansion occurs, otherwise, the phenomena and accidents of poor contact conduction, carbon block falling and the like are easily caused. In the currently applied phosphorus pig iron casting mode, a steel claw and a phosphorus pig iron ring are heated and expanded and then can be in close contact with the side wall of a carbon block bowl hole.

(3) The carbon block at the lower part of the anode assembly has the thickness of 600-700 mm at the beginning, the carbon block is consumed upwards from the bottom surface after entering the electrolytic bath to work, the thickness of the carbon block is continuously thinned until the carbon block becomes the residual anode with the thickness of about 130mm, and then the anode assembly is taken out in time to replace a new carbon block. Therefore, the contact position of any novel assembling mechanism and the carbon block is required to be within 120mm of the downward upper surface of the carbon block, otherwise, non-aluminum materials of the mechanism can contact and partially melt into high-temperature electrolyte solution and aluminum liquid in the electrolytic bath, and the aluminum liquid is polluted.

(4) When the anode assembly works in the electrolytic cell, the upper surface of the carbon block needs to be covered with an electrolyte heat-insulating layer, the thickness of the electrolyte heat-insulating layer is generally more than 300mm, the steel claw and the steel beam of the anode assembly are basically and completely covered by the electrolyte layer, and the electrolyte layer is sintered into a hard large-area hardening state in a high-temperature environment. When the anode assembly needs to be replaced in actual production, the hardened electrolyte layer needs to be broken by a hammer machine like repairing a road and breaking a road surface, and the anode assembly can be taken out of the electrolytic tank. The anode assembly taken out of the electrolytic bath is provided with a large number of high-temperature hardened electrolyte covering layers on the anode scrap carbon blocks, around the steel claws and the steel cross beams (assembling mechanisms), and the removal of the electrolyte covering layers needs to use professional large-scale cleaning equipment, so that manual cleaning is difficult to achieve and flying dust is serious.

(5) Because the anode assembly has the basic function of conducting electricity, each anode can conduct a large current of tens of thousands of amperes, and therefore each part of the anode assembly is limited by certain current density according to different materials, namely the sectional area of the conductor of each part needs to be ensured to be of enough size, otherwise, the conducting current density on the part is too high, so that electric energy loss and even the conductor is fused due to heating. The contact surface between the steel claw and the casting bowl hole at the top of the carbon block in the traditional structure, which is connected through casting phosphorus pig iron, is also a conductive surface, and also needs to ensure a sufficient contact area. Similarly, the effective conductive contact area between any novel assembling mechanism and the carbon block must be ensured to be not less than the contact area between the original steel claw and the hole of the carbon block bowl through cast phosphorus pig iron connection, and the conductive contact surface must always keep enough pressure to ensure good conductivity. After the thermal expansion effect occurs, it is necessary to ensure that the conductive contact surface cannot generate warping seam due to thermal deformation, so that only local line or point contact is actually generated.

(6) The anode assembly is hung on the upper part of the electrolytic bath, and high-temperature liquid electrolyte solution and aluminum liquid are arranged below the anode assembly. The anode carbon block needs to avoid dropping blocks and slag, otherwise the accumulation of carbon slag at the bottom of the electrolytic cell can cause serious accidents such as uneven current, voltage fluctuation, even short circuit between the cathode and the anode, and the like.

(7) The anode carbon block is produced by matching an anode carbon plant, and is formed by vibration and extrusion in a die in order to ensure the strength and the compactness of the carbon block. The shape of the product formed by the die is required to meet the requirement of smooth demoulding, so that the shape of the carbon block is required to avoid special shapes such as concave, inner hole, inner chute and the like. Of course, the special shapes can be cut after the carbon block is formed, but the production links of the carbon block are increased and changed, the processing process is easy to crack and damage the brittle and hard carbon block, the carbon block material of the cutting part is wasted, the surface of the special-shaped carbon block is very difficult to clean, the investment cost, the production efficiency, the product quality, the environmental protection and the energy saving indexes are greatly influenced, and therefore, the special-shaped anode carbon block with a complex production structure is not accepted by all anode carbon plants.

The patent CN101660177A discloses a novel anode conducting device for aluminum electrolytic cell, wherein the upper part of the carbon block is provided with a hinge mechanism, a clamping bolt, a steel-aluminum composite sheet and other mechanisms, the structure is complex, when in actual application, the total height is difficult to control within the height of the traditional steel beam and steel claw, the actual application is very difficult without changing the structure of the electrolytic cell; the carbon block is clamped by the hinging mechanism and a fastening nut bolt, and the hinging mechanism extends to cause the clamping plate to loosen after thermal expansion; in addition, the hinged clamping plate described above is operated by a plurality of fastening nut bolts to clamp and loosen the carbon block, and in practical production application occasions, the bolts are wrapped and covered by the hardened high-temperature electrolyte layer and cannot be operated. The structural clamping plate is a whole plate, and from structural analysis, the clamping plate cannot be too thick if the clamping plate has a movement margin capable of clamping and loosening, and the current density of the clamping plate is larger if the clamping plate is not thick enough, so that the current density of the clamping plate is far larger than that of the traditional structure. And the whole plate shape is deformed to generate a warping seam when thermal expansion occurs, so that the contact area is greatly reduced.

Patent CN101899681B discloses an anode conductive clamping fixture, which clamps a carbon block by a hinge mechanism and a fastening nut bolt, wherein the hinge mechanism will extend to loosen a clamping plate after thermal expansion occurs; in addition, the hinged clamping plate is described to clamp and loosen the carbon block by operating a plurality of fastening nut bolts, and in the actual production application occasion, the bolts are all covered by the hardened high-temperature electrolyte layer and cannot be operated; the structural clamping plate is a whole plate, and from structural analysis, the clamping plate cannot be too thick if the clamping plate has a movement margin capable of clamping and loosening, and the current density of the clamping plate is larger if the clamping plate is not thick enough, so that the current density of the clamping plate is far larger than that of the traditional structure. And the whole plate shape is deformed to generate a warping seam when thermal expansion occurs, so that the contact area is greatly reduced.

Patent CN101899682A discloses a clamping type anode conducting device, which has a hinge mechanism, a clamping bolt, a steel-aluminum composite sheet and other mechanisms on the upper part of a carbon block, and has a complex structure, and in practical application, the total height is difficult to control within the height of the traditional steel beam and steel claw, and the practical application is very difficult without changing the structure of the electrolytic cell; the carbon block is clamped by the hinging mechanism and a fastening nut bolt, and the hinging mechanism extends to cause the clamping plate to loosen after thermal expansion; the hinged clamping plate described in the patent clamps and loosens the carbon block by operating a plurality of fastening nut bolts, and in the actual production application occasion, the bolts are wrapped and covered by the hardened high-temperature electrolyte layer and cannot be operated; the splint described in this patent is a one-piece plate, and structurally, it is impossible to make the splint thick enough to have a margin of movement for clamping and unclamping, and the current density of the splint is larger if the thickness is not enough, which is much larger than that of the conventional structure. And the whole plate shape is deformed to generate a warping seam when thermal expansion occurs, so that the contact area is greatly reduced.

Patent CN103088367A discloses a continuous prebaked anode assembly structure of an aluminum electrolytic cell, wherein a clamping mechanism in the structure controls the clamping and loosening state of a clamping plate by a crank and a crankshaft, and in practical production application occasions, the crankshaft will cause the clamping plate to loosen after thermal expansion; in addition, the cranks are wrapped and covered by the hardened high-temperature electrolyte layer and cannot be operated; the structural clamping plate is a whole plate, and analysis on the structure shows that the clamping plate cannot be too thick if the clamping plate has a movement margin capable of clamping and loosening, and the current density of the clamping plate is larger if the clamping plate is not thick enough, so that the current density of the clamping plate is far larger than that of the clamping plate in the traditional structure. And the whole plate shape is deformed to generate a warping seam when thermal expansion occurs, so that the contact area is greatly reduced. The side part of the bottom of the carbon block is provided with a plurality of fastening pin components, and the fastening pin components can become blocky slag and fall off after the carbon block is consumed to a certain extent from the bottom surface. The carbon block has complicated special-shaped structures such as an inner chute, a pin hole, a sawtooth surface and the like, can not be demoulded in the carbon block forming production, and is difficult to clean and keep the shape rule after high-temperature prebaking processing.

Patent CN105543895B discloses a mechanical anode steel claw structure for a pre-baked aluminum electrolytic cell, and patent CN105543896B discloses an anode group structure for a pre-baked aluminum electrolytic cell. In the two patents, the hook clamping mechanism on the structure clamps the carbon block by fastening bolts and nuts and transverse locking bolts, and the bolts extend to cause the clamping plates to loosen after thermal expansion; in practical production application occasions, the bolts and the nuts are all wrapped and covered by the hardened high-temperature electrolyte layer and cannot be operated. The hook clamping mechanism is analyzed from the structure, the conductive cross section of a structural part of the structure and the conductive contact surface of the contact carbon block are both very small, and the conductive contact pressure only depends on the self weight of the carbon block, so that the conductive requirement of actual production cannot be met. The carbon block structure described in the patent has huge empty grooves and various special-shaped structures on the bottom surface, so that the current density of the bottom surface of the carbon block is increased, and a large amount of blocky slag falls off after the carbon block is consumed to a certain degree from the bottom surface; the carbon block cannot be demoulded in the forming production, and is difficult to clean and keep the regular shape after the high-temperature prebaking processing.

Patent CN108070879B discloses a clamping frame of an aluminum electrolytic cell, which completely changes the traditional aluminum guide rod hanging carbon block structure, but sets a frame, a clamping arm and other structures around the carbon block, which can not be used in the existing electrolytic cell, and must make great adjustment to the whole structure of the electrolytic cell and even the plane layout of the electrolytic plant.

Patent CN201416038Y discloses a novel anode conducting device for aluminum electrolytic cell, the clamping mechanism in its structure is to clamp the carbon block by using a tightening bolt or a lever screw, after thermal expansion occurs, the bolt or screw is extended, which will cause the clamp to loosen; the clamping mechanism needs to operate a plurality of tensioning bolts to control the clamping plate to clamp and loosen, and in actual production application occasions, the bolts are all wrapped and covered by the hardened high-temperature electrolyte layer and cannot be operated. The structural clamping plate is a rigid whole plate, and analysis on the structure shows that the clamping plate cannot be too thick if the clamping plate has a movement margin capable of clamping and loosening, and the current density of the clamping plate is larger if the thickness is not enough, so that the current density is far larger than that of the traditional structure. And the whole plate shape is deformed to generate a warping seam when thermal expansion occurs, so that the contact area is greatly reduced.

Patent CN201473606U discloses a clamping type anode conducting device, the structure of which is provided with complex mechanisms such as tie bar, bolt, lifting screw and the like on the upper part of carbon block, when in practical application, the total height is difficult to control within the height of traditional steel beam and steel claw, the practical application is very difficult without changing the structure of the electrolytic cell. The clamping mechanism clamps the carbon block by the clamping plate through a tension bolt or a lever screw rod, and the clamping plate is loosened due to the fact that the bolt or the screw rod extends after thermal expansion occurs; the clamping mechanism needs to operate a plurality of tensioning bolts to control clamping and loosening of the clamping plate, and in practical production and application occasions, the bolts can not be operated because the bolts are wrapped and covered by the hardened high-temperature electrolyte layer.

Patent CN201665720U discloses a connecting device of an anode clamping fixture and an aluminum guide rod, which has a structure that a hinge mechanism, a clamping bolt, a steel-aluminum composite sheet and other mechanisms are arranged at the upper part of a carbon block, and in practical application, the total height is difficult to control within the height of a traditional steel cross beam and a traditional steel claw, and the practical application is very difficult without changing the structure of an electrolytic cell. The structure is that the carbon block is clamped by a hinge mechanism and a fastening nut bolt, and the hinge mechanism extends to cause the clamp plate to loosen after thermal expansion. The hinged clamping plate structurally clamps and loosens the carbon block by operating a plurality of fastening nut bolts, and the bolts are wrapped and covered by the hardened high-temperature electrolyte layer and cannot be operated in actual production and application occasions. The structural clamping plate is a whole plate, and from structural analysis, the clamping plate cannot be too thick if the clamping plate has a movement margin capable of clamping and loosening, and the current density of the clamping plate is larger if the clamping plate is not thick enough, so that the current density of the clamping plate is far larger than that of the traditional structure. And the whole plate shape is deformed to generate a warping seam when thermal expansion occurs, so that the contact area is greatly reduced.

Patent CN206089844U discloses a connection structure of anode carbon block and steel claw, which describes "the steel claw is connected with the connection groove to fix the anode", and does not describe the shape of the steel claw and the specific connection operation mechanism, and from the schematic view, the connection groove is an "L" shaped hole, so that it cannot be understood what kind of steel claw can be put into the hole without damaging the connection groove, and how to keep close contact and conduction after being heated. The auxiliary hook on the structure does not indicate what material is, and the analysis from the common sense angle is that the metal material can maintain the strength in the high-temperature environment, which contacts the high-temperature electrolyte solution and the aluminum liquid to cause the aluminum liquid pollution. The steel claw is connected with the connecting groove to fix the anode, a specific connecting operation mechanism of the steel claw and the carbon block is not shown, and the connecting operation mechanism part is wrapped and covered by the hardened high-temperature electrolyte layer and cannot be operated from the schematic view. In addition, "the steel claw is connected with the connecting groove to fix the anode", a specific connecting operation mechanism of the steel claw and the carbon block is not described, and in view of a schematic diagram, the size of a connecting part is very small and far reaches the conductive area of the traditional steel claw connection, and the conductive contact pressure only depends on the self weight of the carbon block, so that the conductive requirement of actual production cannot be met. The described carbon block shape has complex special-shaped structures such as a plurality of grooves, holes and the like, and the carbon block cannot be demoulded in the molding production process, and is difficult to clean and keep the shape rule after the high-temperature prebaking processing.

The patent CN208933499U discloses an anode carbon block clamping arm, which describes a mechanism that completely changes the traditional aluminum guide rod hanging carbon block structure, but sets a frame, a clamping arm and other structures around the carbon block, which can not be used in the existing electrolytic cell, and must make great adjustment to the whole structure of the electrolytic cell and even the plane layout of the electrolytic plant.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model mainly aims to provide a self-weight self-sustaining thermal expansion conductive mechanism for assembling an aluminum electrolysis anode, and aims to solve the technical problem.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model provides a self-weight self-sustaining thermal expansion conductive mechanism for assembling an aluminum electrolysis anode, which comprises an aluminum guide rod and further comprises:

the aluminum guide rod is arranged on the top of the conductive block; the lower end of the conductive block is used for being connected with the anode carbon block;

the threaded rod is horizontally arranged on the through hole in the middle of the conductive block in a penetrating manner; two sections of reverse threads are arranged on the threaded rod, and the reverse threads are respectively positioned on two sides of the conductive block;

the supporting frame is sleeved outside the middle part of the conductive block;

the threaded sliding sleeves are respectively arranged on two sections of reverse threads of the threaded rod;

the levers are respectively arranged at the two ends of the supporting frame, and the middle part of each lever is rotatably connected with the end part of the supporting frame;

one end of the ejector rod is rotatably arranged on the threaded sliding sleeve, and the other end of the ejector rod is rotatably arranged at the upper end of the lever;

the clamping plate is arranged at the lower end of the lever and used for clamping the anode carbon block;

when the threaded rod rotates forwards or reversely, the threaded sliding sleeves are driven to synchronously move towards two ends or synchronously move close to the middle, and the clamping plates are driven to clamp or loosen the anode carbon blocks.

Preferably, the upper end of the conductive block is in a square or vertical cuboid shape, the lower end of the conductive block is in an inverted trapezoidal table shape, and the side surface and the bottom surface of the inverted trapezoidal table are both planes and are used for being connected with an inverted trapezoidal bowl hole at the top of the anode carbon block; the inverted trapezoidal table is of a horizontal strip-shaped structure.

Preferably, aluminum plates are covered on the side surface and the bottom surface of the inverted trapezoidal table at the lower part of the conductive block.

Preferably, bolt heads are respectively arranged at two ends of the threaded rod.

Preferably, the lower end of the aluminum guide rod is connected with the top of the conductive block by aluminum steel explosion welding.

Preferably, the middle part of the lever is rotatably connected with the end part of the supporting frame in a pin shaft mode.

Preferably, one end of the ejector rod is rotatably connected with the upper end of the lever in a pin shaft mode; the other end is rotatably connected with the threaded sliding sleeve in a pin shaft mode.

Preferably, the clamping plate and the lower end of the lever are rotatably connected in a pin shaft mode.

Preferably, an anti-skid structure is arranged on the clamping surface of the clamping plate; the anti-skid structure is a salient point structure or a reticulate pattern structure distributed in an array mode.

Preferably, the upper end and the lower end of the conductive block are of an integrally molded structure cast by a cast steel material.

Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:

(1) in the utility model, the threaded sliding sleeve is driven to move along the axial direction of the threaded rod by forward or reverse rotation of the threaded rod, and the threaded sliding sleeve drives the ejector rod and the lever structure to drive the clamping plate to clamp or loosen the clamping part of the anode carbon block. The threaded rod is arranged along the long direction of the carbon block, the space direction of the threaded rod is consistent with that of a steel beam of a traditional structure, the occupied space is small, meanwhile, the lever structure is used for driving the clamping plate to move, the structure is simple, the occupied space of the whole mechanism is favorably reduced, the total height is favorably ensured not to exceed the height of the traditional steel beam and the height of a steel claw, and the structure of the traditional electrolytic cell is not required to be changed.

(2) In the utility model, the conductive block is cast by a cast steel material into a whole, the conductive sectional area of the conductor is not lower than that of a steel beam and a steel claw of a traditional structure, a through hole capable of penetrating through a threaded rod is reserved in the middle, the bottom of the conductive block is in an inverted trapezoid table shape, and the side surface and the bottom surface of the inverted trapezoid table can be in close contact with an inverted trapezoid bowl hole at the top of the carbon block to form a large-area conductive surface. The bottom of the conductive block is in the shape of an inverted trapezoid table, so that the conductive block can play a role in guiding when being inserted into an inverted trapezoid bowl hole in the top of the carbon block, and the conductive block and the carbon block can be conveniently assembled and separated. The connecting mode of the top of the conductive block and the aluminum guide rod keeps the traditional aluminum steel explosion welding connection without changing the traditional process.

(3) According to the utility model, when the clamping plate is in close contact with the clamping surface of the carbon block, if the carbon block falls down and is to be separated from the conductive block, the threaded rod penetrating through the through hole in the middle of the conductive block and the threaded sliding sleeve sleeved on the threaded rod move upwards relative to the carbon block along with the conductive block, the threaded sliding sleeve pushes the ejector rod upwards, and the ejector rod pushes the upper end of the lever, so that the clamping plate connected with the lower end of the lever moves inwards to clamp the carbon block. The mechanism can convert the gravity of the carbon block into the clamping force of the carbon block, so that the mechanism has the function of increasing the clamping force of the carbon block when the carbon block is clamped, and the carbon block is prevented from falling.

(4) In the utility model, after the mechanism clamps the carbon block and enters a high-temperature environment, all components generate thermal expansion, the threaded rod extends towards two ends, the threaded sliding sleeves sleeved on the threaded rod are separated towards two ends along the axial direction of the threaded rod, the ejector rod is pushed, and the thermal expansion effect generated by the ejector rod pushes the upper end of the lever, so that the clamping plate connected with the lower end of the lever clamps the carbon block inwards. When the carbon block is clamped by the clamping plate and cannot be displaced inwards, the reaction force reversely generates downward pressure on the threaded sliding block through the lever and the ejector rod, and the downward pressure is finally transmitted to the conductive block through the threaded rod, so that the pressure of the conductive surface of the conductive block and the carbon block is increased. The mechanism can convert the thermal expansion effect generated by each part into the clamping force to the carbon block and the pressure to the conducting surface, so that the mechanism has the functions of increasing the clamping force and the pressure to the conducting surface as the clamping force is higher and the pressure is higher as the conducting surface is higher.

(5) In the utility model, all mechanisms are arranged at the upper part of the anode carbon block, do not exceed the height of the bowl hole of the carbon block with the traditional structure, and can not contact and partially melt high-temperature electrolyte solution and aluminum liquid in the electrolytic cell, thereby not causing aluminum liquid pollution.

(6) In the utility model, clamping and loosening the carbon block can be finished by rotating forward or backward one key at any end of the threaded rod, the carbon block can be quickly and simply operated on site beside the electrolytic cell, the carbon block can be quickly replaced at a high temperature, an anode group does not need to be transported to a special anode assembly workshop, the old anode assembly does not need to be cooled, an electrolyte layer does not need to be broken, and heavy work and dust pollution are not caused.

(7) In the utility model, the conducting block and the inverted trapezoidal bowl hole at the top of the carbon block are in surface contact, so that a good conducting contact area can be ensured, the effective conducting contact area is not less than the contact area between the original steel claw and the bowl hole of the carbon block through cast phosphorus pig iron connection, the conducting block has the characteristic of being tighter in hot pressing, and the contact surface always keeps enough pressure to ensure good conduction.

(8) The mechanism provided by the utility model does not need to process special shapes such as concave recesses, inner holes, inner chutes and the like on the side surface and the bottom surface of the anode carbon block, compared with the traditional carbon block, the shape of the top surface of the carbon block is only adjusted, and for the production of the carbon block, the shape of a heavy hammer mold of a forming machine is only changed, and the production process and links of any other carbon block are not changed, so that the novel carbon block production can be conveniently adjusted, and the increase of the production process, the management and the cost of a carbon block manufacturer is not caused.

(9) The mechanism provided by the utility model is only innovatively improved on the steel beam and the steel claw part of the traditional phosphorus pig iron casting structure, the innovative mechanism does not break through the space size limitation of the traditional structure and change the aluminum guide rod connection mode, the anode assembly still adopts the aluminum guide rod hanging mode on the whole, the current distribution and the current density of the anode and the cathode in the electrolytic cell are not changed, and the structure and the process of the electrolytic cell are not changed.

(10) In the utility model, the connection and movement of the threaded rod and the threaded sliding sleeve adopt a lead screw principle, all other movable parts can adopt pin shaft connection, the assembly and disassembly of the parts are convenient, and the strength and the movement of the mechanism are not influenced by little erosion of electrolyte, thermal expansion effect and pin shaft hole allowance.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a front view of a prior art anode assembly;

FIG. 2 is a left side view of a prior art anode assembly;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the self-supporting thermal expansion conductive mechanism according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a front view of a conductive block in the self-supporting thermal expansion conductive mechanism according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a left side view of a conductive block in the self-supporting thermal expansion conductive mechanism according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a top view of a support frame of the self-supporting thermal expansion mechanism of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a schematic view of the self-weight self-sustaining thermal expansion conductive mechanism provided by the present invention when clamping the anode carbon block.

The reference numbers illustrate:

1-a conductive block; 2-a threaded rod; 201-bolt head; 3-a threaded sliding sleeve; 4-a top rod; 5-a lever; 6-clamping plate; 7-a support frame; 8-an aluminum guide rod; 9-explosion welding of aluminum steel; 10-anode carbon block.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that all the directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiment of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship between the components, the movement situation, etc. in a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.

The embodiment is as follows:

referring to fig. 3 to 6, the self-weight self-sustaining thermal expansion conductive mechanism for aluminum electrolysis anode assembly provided by the present invention comprises an aluminum guide rod 8, and further comprises: the lower end of the aluminum guide rod 8 is connected with the top of the conductive block 1 by aluminum steel explosion welding 9; the lower end of the conductive block 1 is used for being connected with an anode carbon block 10; the threaded rod 2 is horizontally arranged on the through hole in the middle of the conductive block 1 in a penetrating mode; two sections of reverse threads are arranged on the threaded rod 2, and the reverse threads are respectively positioned on two sides of the conductive block 1; the supporting frame 7 is sleeved outside the middle part of the conductive block 1; the threaded sliding sleeves 3 are respectively arranged on the two sections of reverse threads of the threaded rod 2; the levers 5 are respectively arranged at two ends of the supporting frame 7, and the middle part of the lever 5 is rotatably connected with the end part of the supporting frame 7; one end of the ejector rod 4 is rotatably arranged on the threaded sliding sleeve 3, and the other end of the ejector rod 4 is rotatably arranged at the upper end of the lever 5; and the clamping plate 6 is arranged at the lower end of the lever 5 and is used for clamping the anode carbon block 10. Specifically, the middle part of the lever 5 is rotatably connected with the end part of the support frame 7 in a pin shaft manner, and the connected pin shaft is used as a rotation fulcrum. One end of the ejector rod 4 is rotatably connected with the upper end of the lever 5 in a pin shaft mode; the other end is rotatably connected with the threaded sliding sleeve 3 in a pin shaft mode. The clamping plate 6 is rotatably connected with the lower end of the lever 5 in a pin shaft mode. When the threaded rod 2 rotates forwards or reversely, the threaded sliding sleeve 3 is driven to synchronously move towards two ends or synchronously move towards the middle along the axial direction of the threaded rod 3, and the clamping plate 6 is driven to compress or loosen the clamping part of the anode carbon block 10 through a connecting rod structure formed by the ejector rod 4 and the lever 5.

Referring to fig. 4 and 5, in this embodiment, the upper end of the conductive block 1 is in a square or vertical rectangular parallelepiped shape, the lower end is in an inverted trapezoidal table shape, and the side surface and the bottom surface of the inverted trapezoidal table are both flat surfaces for connecting with the inverted trapezoidal bowl hole at the top of the anode carbon block 10. The square or vertical cuboid shape at the upper end of the conductive block 1 and the inverted trapezoidal table at the lower end are cast integrally by cast steel materials. The side surface and the bottom surface of the inverted trapezoidal table at the lower end of the conductive block 1 can be in close contact with the inverted trapezoidal bowl hole at the top of the carbon block to form a large-area conductive surface. The bottom of the conductive block 1 is in the shape of an inverted trapezoid table, and the conductive block 1 can play a role in guiding when inserted into an inverted trapezoid bowl hole in the top of the carbon block, so that the conductive block 1 and the carbon block can be conveniently assembled and separated.

Further, aluminum plates are covered on the side surface and the bottom surface of the inverted trapezoidal table at the lower part of the conductive block 1. When the temperature rises and thermal expansion occurs, the bottom surface and the side surface of the inverted trapezoidal table at the bottom of the conductive block 1 are extruded towards the inverted trapezoidal bowl hole at the top of the carbon block, and the conductive contact effect can be enhanced and the conductive performance can be enhanced by utilizing the rolling deformation of the aluminum plate.

In this embodiment, bolt heads 201 are provided at both ends of the threaded rod 2. The bolt head 201 can extend out of the electrolyte covering layer, and a pneumatic wrench (commonly known as a wind cannon) is sleeved on the bolt head 201 at any end to operate the threaded rod 2 to rotate forwards and backwards, so that the functions of clamping, conducting, loosening and separating the carbon block by the mechanism can be realized.

In the embodiment, an anti-slip structure is arranged on the clamping surface of the clamping plate 6; the anti-skid structure is a salient point structure or a reticulate pattern structure distributed in an array mode. The anti-slip structure is arranged to increase the friction force between the clamping surface of the clamping plate 6 and the anode carbon block 10 and enhance the clamping effect.

The working and clamping principle of the utility model is as follows:

referring to fig. 7, in the present invention, two reverse threads on the threaded rod 2 extend from the middle of the threaded rod 2 to the two ends, and each reverse thread is provided with a threaded sliding sleeve 3; when the threaded rod 2 rotates forwards or reversely, the two threaded sliding sleeves 3 are driven to move towards two ends synchronously or approach towards the middle synchronously; when the two threaded sliding sleeves 3 synchronously move towards the two ends, the threaded sliding sleeves 3 push the ejector rods 4, the ejector rods 4 push the upper ends of the levers 5, and the levers 5 rotate around the pin shafts to drive the clamping plates 6 to tightly press the clamping parts of the anode carbon blocks 10; when the two threaded sliding sleeves 3 are synchronously close to the middle, the threaded sliding sleeves 3 pull the ejector rods 4, the ejector rods 4 pull the upper ends of the levers 5, and the levers 5 rotate around the pin shafts to drive the clamping plates 6 to loosen the clamping parts of the anode carbon blocks.

In the utility model, the anode carbon block 10 has a downward sliding and dropping tendency under the action of gravity, when the anode carbon block 10 is in a clamping state, the clamping plate 6 is in close contact with the clamping surface of the anode carbon block 10, if the anode carbon block 10 drops to be separated from the conductive block 1, the threaded rod 2 penetrating through the through hole in the middle of the conductive block 1 and the threaded sliding sleeve 3 sleeved on the threaded rod 2 move upward relative to the anode carbon block 10 along with the conductive block 1, the threaded sliding sleeve 3 pushes the ejector rod 4 upward, and the ejector rod 4 pushes the upper end of the lever 5, so that the clamping plate 6 connected with the lower end of the lever 5 moves inward to clamp the anode carbon block 10. The mechanism can convert the gravity of the anode carbon block 10 into the clamping force of the anode carbon block 10, so that the clamped anode carbon block 10 has the function that the clamping force is larger as the anode carbon block 10 is heavier, and the anode carbon block 10 is prevented from falling.

After the mechanism clamps the anode carbon block 10 and enters a high-temperature environment, all components generate thermal expansion, the threaded rod 2 extends towards two ends, the threaded sliding sleeves 3 sleeved on the threaded rod 2 are separated towards the two ends along the axial direction of the threaded rod 2, the ejector rod 4 is pushed, and the thermal expansion effect generated by the ejector rod 4 pushes the upper end of the lever 5, so that the clamping plate 6 connected with the lower end of the lever 5 clamps the anode carbon block 10 inwards. When the clamping plate 6 clamps the anode carbon block 10 and cannot move inwards, the reaction force reversely generates downward pressure on the threaded sliding block 3 through the lever 5 and the ejector rod 4, and the downward pressure is finally transmitted to the conductive block 1 through the threaded rod 2, so that the pressure of the conductive surface of the conductive block 1 and the anode carbon block 10 is increased. The mechanism can convert the thermal expansion effect of each part into the clamping force and the pressure of the conducting surface on the anode carbon block 10, so that the mechanism has the functions of increasing the hotter clamping force and the hotter pressure on the conducting surface on the clamped anode carbon block 10.

The utility model does not modify the electrolytic cell; the conductivity of the anode assembly is not lower than that of a traditional phosphorus pig iron casting structure; the current distribution of the anode and the cathode in the electrolytic cell is not changed; no special anode assembly plant is needed, the replacement of the anode carbon block 10 can be operated in situ by the electrolytic bath, the electrolyte covering layer on the upper part of the old anode carbon block 10 can be repeatedly utilized, and the one-key rotation operation can be carried out on the bolt head 201 exposed out of the electrolyte layer at the high-temperature thermal state to quickly separate the old anode carbon block 10 and replace the new anode carbon block 10; after the anode assembly of the assembled new anode carbon block 10 returns to the high-temperature environment of the electrolytic bath to generate the thermal expansion effect, the whole mechanism does not loosen any more, and only gets hotter and tighter; the utility model still adopts the aluminum steel explosion welding 9 with the same size and process to connect the aluminum guide rod 8 and the conductive block 1; the shape of the anode carbon block 10 is not changed in a complex way, and the original top bowl hole boss is changed into a clamping part and an inverted trapezoidal bowl hole in a cuboid shape, so that the production cost and the process difficulty of the anode carbon block 10 are not increased.

Application example one:

the utility model is adopted to test and innovate and popularize certain aluminum factories. The length of the anode carbon block in the prior art of the aluminum plant is 1700mm, the width is 660mm, the height is 635mm, and the weight is 1.02 ton; the depth of the bowl hole of the anode carbon block is 115mm (the actual casting depth is 110mm), 4 steel claws with the diameter of 160 are adopted to carry out anode assembly by using the traditional phosphorus pig iron casting mode, and the calculation shows that the conductive contact area of the original phosphorus pig iron casting mode is 4 multiplied by 160 pi multiplied by 110 which is 0.22 square meter; the original steel beam and the aluminum guide rod are connected by explosion welding, and the connecting sectional area is 185 multiplied by 185 to 0.034 square meters; the average on current per anode assembly was about 9000A. The thickness of the electrolyte layer covered on the anode assembly when the anode assembly works in the electrolytic bath is 300-400 mm.

The process of the test by adopting the self-weight self-sustaining thermal expansion conductive mechanism provided by the utility model is as follows: firstly, a threaded rod 2 with two sections of reverse threads is processed by stainless steel materials, the length is 1680mm, and the diameter is phi 50; the lower end of the lever 5 is connected with a splint 6(2 groups/sleeves) by a pin shaft; and then, the waste steel claws owned by the factory are melted and cast into the conductive block 1, and the conductive block 1 is provided with a welding base for aluminum steel explosion welding 9 with an aluminum guide rod 8. After the parts are ready, the entire mechanism is assembled as shown in fig. 3. Compared with the prior steel claw and steel beam structures, the current density of all conductive parts does not exceed the prior density. The contact area between the conductive block and the carbon block is 800 x 350+800 x 130 x 2+350 x 130 x 2 ═ 0.579 square meters, which is greater than 0.22 square meter of the original steel claw. After the anode carbon block 10 is assembled to form an anode assembly, the anode assembly enters an electrolytic cell to start on-line trial, and is compared with the anode assembly of the original steel claw structure beside the electrolytic cell, and the result is as follows: the original anode assembly is in a groove period of 33 days, and the new assembly is in a groove period of 34 days; the integral average voltage drop of the original component is 135mV, and the integral average voltage drop of the new component is 131 mV; the new assembly has good working state and no carbon block falling phenomenon. The trial results prove that the practical application effect of the mechanism is better than that of the original component.

The anode assembly is formed by adopting the utility model, after the anode carbon block 10 is consumed, the anode carbon block is hoisted out of the electrolytic bath by the electrolysis multifunctional unit in the same way as the original assembly, the threaded rod 2 is reversely rotated by sleeving a pneumatic socket wrench on the bolt head 201 at one end of the threaded rod 2 on site, so that the old anode carbon block is separated, and the electrolyte covering layer is still completely remained on the conductive block 1 and the supporting frame 7. Then the self-weight self-sustaining thermal expansion conductive mechanism provided by the utility model is hung above a nearby new carbon block by an electrolysis multifunctional unit and is seated on the new carbon block, the forward rotating threaded rod 2 is operated by a pneumatic socket wrench to clamp the new carbon block, the carbon block replacement work is completed once, and a new anode assembly immediately returns to an electrolytic cell to start a new work cycle. The whole process of replacing the carbon block is simpler than replacing a tire of an automobile, and can be completed by only screwing one bolt head 201. The time from the time of discharging the electrolytic cell to the time of replacing a new carbon block and then re-entering the electrolytic cell is about 9 minutes, which is 2 to 3 minutes longer than the pole changing time of the original components, but a series of complicated working links of transporting the carbon block to an anode assembly workshop in the prior art are not needed, the number of spare components is greatly reduced, the management and production personnel of the aluminum plant indicate that the 2 to 3 minutes which are added do not have adverse effects on the production, and the created value is huge.

Through tests, the aluminum manufacturer considers that the fastening conductive mechanism provided by the utility model is completely reliable and feasible and has high comprehensive benefit. The current factory has made a plan, the original steel claw casting assembly mode is gradually eliminated, and all the steel claws are replaced by the fastening conductive mechanism provided by the utility model.

Application example two:

trial tests were also conducted by another electrolytic aluminum plant. The length of the anode carbon block in the factory is 1550mm, the width of the anode carbon block is 600mm, and the height of the anode carbon block is 630 mm; the depth of the carbon block bowl hole is 115mm (the actual casting depth is 110mm), 3 steel claws with the diameter of 160 are adopted to carry out anode assembly by using the traditional phosphorus pig iron casting mode, and the calculation shows that the conductive contact area of the original phosphorus pig iron casting mode is 3 multiplied by 160 pi multiplied by 110 to 0.165 square meter; the original steel beam and the aluminum guide rod are connected by explosion welding, and the connection sectional area is 165 multiplied by 165 to 0.027 square meter; the average on-current per anode assembly was about 7000A. The thickness of the electrolyte layer covered on the anode assembly is 250-350 mm when the anode assembly works in the electrolytic bath.

The process of adopting the fastening conductive mechanism provided by the utility model to carry out the test is as follows: firstly, a threaded rod 2 with two sections of reverse threads is processed by stainless steel materials, the length is 1530mm, and the diameter is phi 50; the lower end of the lever 5 is connected with a splint 6(2 groups/sleeves) by a pin shaft; and then, the waste steel claws owned by the factory are melted and cast into the conductive block 1, and the conductive block 1 is provided with a welding base for aluminum steel explosion welding 9 with an aluminum guide rod 8. After the parts are ready, the entire mechanism is assembled as shown in fig. 3. Compared with the original steel claw and steel beam structures, the current density of all the conductive parts does not exceed the original density. The contact area between the conductive pressure plate and the carbon block is 650 x 300+650 x 120 x 2+300 x 120 x 2 ═ 0.42 square meter, which is larger than 0.165 square meter of the original steel claw. After assembling the anode carbon block 10, a new anode assembly is formed, enters the electrolytic cell to start on-line trial, and is compared with the anode assembly of the original steel claw structure beside, and the result is as follows: the original anode assembly is in 31 days in the groove period, and the new assembly is in 31 days in the groove period; the integral average voltage drop of the original component is 131mV, and the integral average voltage drop of the new component is 128 mV; the new assembly has good working state and no carbon block falling phenomenon. The trial results prove that the practical application effect of the mechanism is better than that of the original component.

After the carbon block of the new component is consumed, the new component is hoisted out of the electrolytic bath by the electrolysis multifunctional unit in the same way as the original component, the threaded rod 2 is loosened by sleeving the threaded rod 2 on the bolt head 201 at one end of the threaded rod 2 by using a pneumatic socket wrench on site to separate the old anode scrap carbon block, the mechanism is hoisted to the position above the nearby new carbon block by using the electrolysis multifunctional unit and is seated on the new carbon block, the threaded rod 2 is screwed by using the pneumatic socket wrench to clamp the new carbon block, the carbon block replacement work is completed once, and the new anode component immediately returns to the electrolytic bath to start a new work cycle. The time from the outlet of the electrolytic cell to the replacement of the new carbon blocks to the re-inlet of the electrolytic cell is about 10 minutes, which is 2-3 minutes more than the pole changing time of the original components, but a series of complicated working links of the original transportation to an anode assembly workshop are not needed, and the number of spare components is greatly reduced.

Tests prove that the technology of the utility model is completely reliable and feasible and has high comprehensive benefit. At present, the factory submits a technical improvement application report to an upper management department, and the original steel claw casting and assembling mode is required to be gradually eliminated and is completely replaced by the fastening conductive mechanism provided by the utility model.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications and equivalents made by the contents of the present specification and drawings, or directly/indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A dead weight self-sustaining thermal expansion electric conduction mechanism for aluminium electroloysis anode assembly, including aluminium guide arm (8), its characterized in that still includes:

the conductive block (1), the said aluminium guide arm (8) is set up in the top of the conductive block (1); the lower end of the conductive block (1) is used for being connected with the anode carbon block;

the threaded rod (2) is horizontally arranged on the through hole in the middle of the conductive block (1) in a penetrating mode; two sections of reverse threads are arranged on the threaded rod (2), and the reverse threads are respectively positioned on two sides of the conductive block (1);

the supporting frame (7) is sleeved on the outer side of the middle part of the conductive block (1);

the threaded sliding sleeves (3) are respectively arranged on the two sections of reverse threads of the threaded rod (2);

the levers (5) are respectively arranged at two ends of the supporting frame (7), and the middle part of the lever (5) is rotatably connected with the end part of the supporting frame (7);

one end of the ejector rod (4) is rotatably arranged on the threaded sliding sleeve (3), and the other end of the ejector rod is rotatably arranged at the upper end of the lever (5);

the clamping plate (6) is arranged at the lower end of the lever (5) and is used for clamping the anode carbon block;

when the threaded rod (2) rotates forwards or reversely, the threaded sliding sleeve (3) is driven to synchronously move towards two ends or synchronously move towards the middle, and the clamping plate (6) is driven to clamp or loosen the anode carbon block.

2. The self-weight self-sustaining thermal expansion conducting mechanism for aluminum electrolysis anode assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the upper end of the conductive block (1) is in a square or vertical cuboid shape, the lower end of the conductive block is in an inverted trapezoidal table shape, and the side face and the bottom face of the inverted trapezoidal table are planes and are used for being connected with an inverted trapezoidal bowl hole in the top of the anode carbon block.

3. The self-weight self-sustaining thermal expansion conducting mechanism for aluminum electrolysis anode assembly as claimed in claim 2, wherein: aluminum plates are covered on the side surface and the bottom surface of the inverted trapezoidal table at the lower part of the conductive block (1).

4. The self-weight self-sustaining thermal expansion conducting mechanism for aluminum electrolysis anode assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein: bolt heads (201) are respectively arranged at two ends of the threaded rod (2).

5. The self-weight self-sustaining thermal expansion conducting mechanism for aluminum electrolysis anode assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the lower end of the aluminum guide rod (8) is connected with the top of the conductive block (1) by aluminum steel explosion welding (9).

6. The self-weight self-sustaining thermal expansion conducting mechanism for aluminum electrolysis anode assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the middle part of the lever (5) is rotatably connected with the end part of the supporting frame (7) in a pin shaft mode.

7. The self-weight self-sustaining thermal expansion conducting mechanism for aluminum electrolysis anode assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein: one end of the ejector rod (4) is rotatably connected with the upper end of the lever (5) in a pin shaft mode; the other end is rotatably connected with the threaded sliding sleeve (3) in a pin shaft mode.

8. The self-weight self-sustaining thermal expansion conducting mechanism for aluminum electrolysis anode assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the clamping plate (6) and the lower end of the lever (5) are rotatably connected in a pin shaft mode.

9. The self-weight self-sustaining thermal expansion conducting mechanism for aluminum electrolysis anode assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein: an anti-skid structure is arranged on the clamping surface of the clamping plate (6); the anti-skid structure is a salient point structure distributed in an array mode or a reticulate pattern structure.

10. The self-weight self-sustaining thermal expansion conducting mechanism for aluminum electrolysis anode assembly as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the upper end and the lower end of the conductive block (1) are of an integrally formed structure cast by a cast steel material.

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