CN216959398U - Direct current input reverse connection intelligent protection circuit - Google Patents
Direct current input reverse connection intelligent protection circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN216959398U CN216959398U CN202220438885.3U CN202220438885U CN216959398U CN 216959398 U CN216959398 U CN 216959398U CN 202220438885 U CN202220438885 U CN 202220438885U CN 216959398 U CN216959398 U CN 216959398U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a direct current input reverse connection intelligent protection circuit, which comprises a transient surge protection module, a capacitor filtering buffer module and an intelligent switch module which are connected in sequence; wherein the transient surge protection module comprises a first transient voltage suppression diode D1 and a second transient voltage suppression diode D2; the capacitance filtering buffer module comprises a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2 and a third capacitor C3; the intelligent switch module comprises an ideal diode controller U1, an NMOS tube Q1, a fourth capacitor C4 and a fifth capacitor C5. The transient surge protection module, the capacitor filtering buffer module and the intelligent switch module which are sequentially connected are arranged, so that the direct current input can be automatically disconnected when the direct current input is reversely connected, the protection of a rear-stage electronic device is realized, the overcurrent capacity is strong, the direct current surge protection circuit is suitable for high-current and high-power occasions, and the direct current surge protection circuit has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and low energy consumption, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of power electronics, in particular to a direct-current input reverse connection intelligent protection circuit.
Background
With the development of society, more and more electronic devices using batteries in daily life are provided, and these electronic devices operate on direct current provided by batteries, such as starting batteries of automobiles, batteries of toy vehicles, batteries of illuminating lamps, and the like. Because the batteries are easily-worn articles, even if the batteries need to be replaced after a certain time, the batteries of the electronic equipment are all detachable, but when the batteries are replaced, the positive polarity and the negative polarity of the batteries need to be ensured to be corresponding, if the positive polarity and the negative polarity are mistakenly connected, the electronic equipment is possibly burnt, and potential safety hazards exist. Therefore, in these electronic devices, a dc input reverse connection prevention protection circuit is usually added at the dc input side to ensure that no safety accident occurs in the electronic device when the battery is replaced or the input dc polarity is wrong.
At present, a diode is usually added to a direct current positive voltage input end of an existing direct current input reverse connection prevention protection circuit, as shown in fig. 1, the diode type direct current input reverse connection prevention protection circuit is usually applied to a low current and low power occasion, and has a disadvantage that a tube voltage drop of about 0.7V exists in the diode, and the tube voltage drop is the more significant the power loss is when the current is larger, and the more serious the heating is.
In another dc input reverse connection prevention protection circuit, a rectifier bridge is added at a dc input side, as shown in fig. 2, the rectifier bridge type dc input reverse connection prevention protection circuit has the advantages that the positive and negative polarities of the input side can be disregarded, and the input side can be normally used regardless of the positive and negative connections, but has the disadvantage that a 0.7V tube voltage drop exists, which is not beneficial to the full utilization of energy.
In addition, a fuse is added at one end of the direct current input reverse connection prevention protection circuit and is connected with a diode in a bridging mode, as shown in fig. 3, the fusing type direct current input reverse connection prevention protection circuit is characterized in that when the positive and negative polarities of direct current input are correct, the diode bypasses, and when the positive and negative polarities of direct current input are incorrect, the diode is equivalent to short circuit and fuses the fuse, so that the safety of an electronic device at the rear end is ensured. Although the protection circuit can effectively protect the safety of electronic equipment, the fuse can be fused by misconnection every time, so that the fuse needs to be replaced by a new fuse, the after-sale workload of products is increased, and the user experience is not improved.
Therefore, how to design a better and more intelligent dc input reverse connection prevention protection circuit is one of the technical problems to be solved by those skilled in the art.
The above information is given as background information only to aid in understanding the present disclosure, and no determination or admission is made as to whether any of the above is available as prior art against the present disclosure.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model provides a direct current input reverse connection intelligent protection circuit, which aims to overcome the defects in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a direct current input reverse connection intelligent protection circuit comprises a transient surge protection module, a capacitor filtering buffer module and an intelligent switch module which are connected in sequence; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the transient surge protection module comprises a first transient voltage suppression diode D1 and a second transient voltage suppression diode D2;
the cathode of the first transient voltage suppression diode D1 is connected with the anode of the power supply, the anode of the first transient voltage suppression diode D1 is connected with the anode of the second transient voltage suppression diode D2, and the cathode of the second transient voltage suppression diode D2 is connected with the cathode of the power supply;
the capacitance filtering buffer module comprises a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2 and a third capacitor C3;
one end of the first capacitor C1 is connected to the positive power supply, the other end of the first capacitor C1 is connected to one end of the second capacitor C2, the other end of the second capacitor C2 is connected to the negative power supply, one end of the third capacitor C3 is connected to the positive power supply, and the other end of the third capacitor C3 is connected to the negative power supply;
the intelligent switch module comprises an ideal diode controller U1, an NMOS tube Q1, a fourth capacitor C4 and a fifth capacitor C5;
the source of the NMOS Q1 is connected to the positive power supply, the drain of the NMOS Q1 is used as an output terminal, the VCAP pin of the ideal diode controller U1 is connected to one end of the fourth capacitor C4, the other end of the fourth capacitor C4 is connected between the positive power supply and the source of the NMOS Q1, the GND pin of the ideal diode controller U1 is connected to the negative power supply, the EN pin and the ANODE pin of the ideal diode controller U1 are both connected between the positive power supply and the source of the NMOS Q1, the GATE pin of the ideal diode controller U1 is connected to the GATE of the NMOS Q1, the CATHODE pin of the ideal diode controller U1 is connected to the drain of the NMOS Q1, one end of the fifth capacitor C5 is connected to the drain of the NMOS Q1, and the other end is connected to the negative power supply.
Further, in the intelligent protection circuit with the reverse connection of the direct current input, the reverse cut-off voltage of the first transient voltage suppression diode D1 is 14V;
the reverse cutoff voltage of the second transient voltage suppression diode D2 is 26V.
Further, in the intelligent protection circuit with reverse connection of the direct current input, the capacitance values of the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 are 100 nF;
the capacitance value of the third capacitor C3 is 10 uF.
Further, in the intelligent protection circuit with the reverse-connection direct-current input, the ideal diode controller U1 adopts a low I-Q battery reverse-protection ideal diode controller with the model LM 74700.
Further, in the intelligent protection circuit with the reverse connection of the direct current input, the capacitance value of the fourth capacitor C4 is 1 uF;
the capacitance value of the fifth capacitor C5 is 10 uF.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the utility model has the following beneficial effects:
according to the direct-current input reverse connection intelligent protection circuit provided by the embodiment of the utility model, the transient surge protection module, the capacitance filtering buffer module and the intelligent switch module which are sequentially connected are arranged, so that the direct-current input reverse connection intelligent protection circuit can be automatically disconnected when the direct-current input is in reverse connection, the protection of a rear-stage electronic device is realized, the overcurrent capacity is strong, the direct-current input reverse connection intelligent protection circuit can be suitable for high-current and high-power occasions, and the direct-current input reverse connection intelligent protection circuit has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and low energy consumption, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a diode-type DC input reverse-connection protection circuit in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a bridge rectifier type DC input reverse connection protection circuit in the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a fuse type DC input reverse connection protection circuit in the prior art;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a module structure of a dc input reverse connection intelligent protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic circuit schematic structural diagram of a dc input reverse connection intelligent protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the embodiments described below are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When a component is referred to as being "disposed on" another component, it can be directly on the other component or intervening components may also be present.
Furthermore, the terms "long", "short", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention, but do not indicate or imply that the referred devices or elements must have the specific orientations, be configured to operate in the specific orientations, and thus are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention.
The technical scheme of the utility model is further explained by the specific implementation mode in combination with the attached drawings.
Example one
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, the applicant is based on practical experience and professional knowledge that are abundant over many years in the design and manufacture of such products, and actively performs research and innovation in cooperation with the application of theory, so as to hopefully create a technology capable of solving the drawbacks of the prior art, and thus the application value of the dc input reverse connection prevention protection circuit is higher. After continuous research and design and repeated trial production and improvement, the utility model with practical value is finally created.
Referring to fig. 4-5, a dc input reverse connection intelligent protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a transient surge protection module, a capacitor filtering and buffering module, and an intelligent switch module, which are connected in sequence; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the transient surge protection module comprises a first transient voltage suppression diode D1 and a second transient voltage suppression diode D2;
the cathode of the first transient voltage suppression diode D1 is connected with the positive power supply (Vin), the anode of the first transient voltage suppression diode D1 is connected with the anode of the second transient voltage suppression diode D2, and the cathode of the second transient voltage suppression diode D2 is connected with the negative power supply (GND);
the capacitance filtering buffer module comprises a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2 and a third capacitor C3;
one end of the first capacitor C1 is connected to the positive power supply, the other end of the first capacitor C1 is connected to one end of the second capacitor C2, the other end of the second capacitor C2 is connected to the negative power supply, one end of the third capacitor C3 is connected to the positive power supply, and the other end of the third capacitor C3 is connected to the negative power supply;
the intelligent switch module comprises an ideal diode controller U1, an NMOS tube Q1, a fourth capacitor C4 and a fifth capacitor C5;
the source of the NMOS Q1 is connected to the positive power supply, the drain of the NMOS Q1 is used as the output (V +), the VCAP pin of the ideal diode controller U1 is connected to one end of the fourth capacitor C4, the other end of the fourth capacitor C4 is connected between the positive power supply and the source of the NMOS Q1, the GND pin of the ideal diode controller U1 is connected to the negative power supply, the EN pin and the ANODE pin of the ideal diode controller U1 are both connected between the positive power supply and the source of the NMOS Q1, the GATE pin of the ideal diode controller U1 is connected to the GATE of the NMOS Q1, the CATHODE pin of the ideal diode controller U1 is connected to the drain of the NMOS Q1, one end of the fifth capacitor C5 is connected to the drain of the NMOS Q1, and the other end is connected to the negative power supply.
It should be noted that the circuit provided by the embodiment of the utility model has the characteristics of reverse connection prevention of direct current input, low power consumption and low cost, is suitable for equipment under various current working conditions, and has wide application range and high practical value. Taking a 12V dc input voltage as an example, when the circuit is connected in the positive direction, a large current of 50A can pass through, the NMOS transistor Q1 of the protection circuit is connected to the main circuit, the on-resistance rds (on) of the NMOS transistor Q1 is 0.012 Ω, and the reduction loss is small.
In this embodiment, preferably, the reverse cut-off voltage of the first transient voltage suppression diode D1 is 14V;
the reverse cutoff voltage of the second transient voltage suppression diode D2 is 26V.
The capacitance values of the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 are 100 nF;
the capacitance value of the third capacitor C3 is 10 uF.
The ideal diode controller U1 employs a low I-Q battery reverse protection ideal diode controller model LM 74700.
The capacitance value of the fourth capacitor C4 is 1 uF;
the capacitance value of the fifth capacitor C5 is 10 uF.
As shown in fig. 5, the transient surge protection module formed by the first transient voltage suppressor diode D1 and the second transient voltage suppressor diode D2 is used for absorbing surge impact, and can effectively absorb impulse voltage higher than the input voltage. The first transient voltage suppression diode D1 and the second transient voltage suppression diode D2 are selected to be transient voltage suppression diodes that require a higher voltage than the input voltage.
The capacitor filtering buffer module formed by the first capacitor C1, the second capacitor C2 and the third capacitor C3 can play a role in filtering when being powered on for the first time, and meanwhile, the voltage rises more slowly.
In the intelligent switch module, the fourth capacitor C4 is a charge pump capacitor, and is used to provide energy for driving the NMOS transistor Q1, the fifth capacitor C5 is an output capacitor, the ideal diode controller U1 is matched with the external NMOS transistor, and can provide load protection for a wide dc bus voltage (for example, 12V, 24V, and 48V automobile battery systems) with a dc input of 3.2V to 65V, and the ideal diode controller U1 adjusts a forward voltage drop to 20mV by controlling a gate of the NMOS transistor, so that when the dc input is correctly accessed, the power consumption is extremely low, and a reverse current blocking can be quickly (<0.75 μ s) responded, and electronic components of the device can be effectively protected, thereby ensuring that the circuit provided by the embodiment of the present invention supports a flat shutdown and stable operation during reverse connection protection, and ensuring zero dc reverse current.
Although the terms transient surge protection module, capacitive filtering buffer module and intelligent switching module are used more often herein, the possibility of using other terms is not excluded. These terms are used merely to more conveniently describe and explain the nature of the present invention; they are to be construed as being without limitation to any additional limitations that may be imposed by the spirit of the present invention.
According to the direct-current input reverse connection intelligent protection circuit provided by the embodiment of the utility model, the transient surge protection module, the capacitance filtering buffer module and the intelligent switch module which are sequentially connected are arranged, so that the direct-current input reverse connection intelligent protection circuit can be automatically disconnected when the direct-current input is in reverse connection, the protection of a rear-stage electronic device is realized, the overcurrent capacity is strong, the direct-current input reverse connection intelligent protection circuit can be suitable for high-current and high-power occasions, and the direct-current input reverse connection intelligent protection circuit has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and low energy consumption, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
The foregoing description of the embodiments has been presented for the purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosure. Individual elements or features of a particular embodiment are generally not limited to that particular embodiment, but, where applicable, are interchangeable and can be used in a selected embodiment, even if not specifically shown or described. The same elements or features may also vary in many respects. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the disclosure, and all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the disclosure.
Example embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and will fully convey the scope to those skilled in the art. Numerous details are set forth, such as examples of specific parts, devices, and methods, in order to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that specific details need not be employed, that example embodiments may be embodied in many different forms and that neither should be construed to limit the scope of the disclosure. In certain example embodiments, well-known processes, well-known device structures, and well-known technologies are not described in detail.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular example embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms "comprises" and "comprising" are intended to be inclusive and therefore specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. The method steps, processes, and operations described herein are not to be construed as necessarily requiring their performance in the particular order discussed and illustrated, unless explicitly indicated as an order of performance. It should also be understood that additional or alternative steps may be employed.
When an element or layer is referred to as being "on" … … "," engaged with "… …", "connected to" or "coupled to" another element or layer, it can be directly on, engaged with, connected to or coupled to the other element or layer, or intervening elements or layers may also be present. In contrast, when an element or layer is referred to as being "directly on … …," "directly engaged with … …," "directly connected to" or "directly coupled to" another element or layer, there may be no intervening elements or layers present. Other words used to describe the relationship of elements should be interpreted in a similar manner (e.g., "between … …" and "directly between … …", "adjacent" and "directly adjacent", etc.). As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms may be only used to distinguish one element, component, region or section from another element, component, region or section. Unless clearly indicated by the context, use of terms such as the terms "first," "second," and other numerical values herein does not imply a sequence or order. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of the example embodiments.
Spatially relative terms, such as "inner," "outer," "below," "… …," "lower," "above," "upper," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe a relationship between one element or feature and one or more other elements or features as illustrated in the figures. Spatially relative terms may be intended to encompass different orientations of the device in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as "below" or "beneath" other elements or features would then be oriented "above" the other elements or features. Thus, the example term "below … …" can encompass both an orientation of facing upward and downward. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted.
Claims (5)
1. A direct current input reverse connection intelligent protection circuit is characterized by comprising a transient surge protection module, a capacitance filtering buffer module and an intelligent switch module which are sequentially connected; wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
the transient surge protection module comprises a first transient voltage suppression diode D1 and a second transient voltage suppression diode D2;
the cathode of the first transient voltage suppression diode D1 is connected with the anode of the power supply, the anode of the first transient voltage suppression diode D1 is connected with the anode of the second transient voltage suppression diode D2, and the cathode of the second transient voltage suppression diode D2 is connected with the cathode of the power supply;
the capacitance filtering buffer module comprises a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2 and a third capacitor C3;
one end of the first capacitor C1 is connected to the positive power supply, the other end of the first capacitor C1 is connected to one end of the second capacitor C2, the other end of the second capacitor C2 is connected to the negative power supply, one end of the third capacitor C3 is connected to the positive power supply, and the other end of the third capacitor C3 is connected to the negative power supply;
the intelligent switch module comprises an ideal diode controller U1, an NMOS tube Q1, a fourth capacitor C4 and a fifth capacitor C5;
the source of the NMOS Q1 is connected to the positive power supply, the drain of the NMOS Q1 is used as an output terminal, the VCAP pin of the ideal diode controller U1 is connected to one end of the fourth capacitor C4, the other end of the fourth capacitor C4 is connected between the positive power supply and the source of the NMOS Q1, the GND pin of the ideal diode controller U1 is connected to the negative power supply, the EN pin and the ANODE pin of the ideal diode controller U1 are both connected between the positive power supply and the source of the NMOS Q1, the GATE pin of the ideal diode controller U1 is connected to the GATE of the NMOS Q1, the CATHODE pin of the ideal diode controller U1 is connected to the drain of the NMOS Q1, one end of the fifth capacitor C5 is connected to the drain of the NMOS Q1, and the other end is connected to the negative power supply.
2. The reverse-connected intelligent protection circuit for direct current input according to claim 1, wherein the reverse cut-off voltage of the first transient voltage suppression diode D1 is 14V;
the reverse cutoff voltage of the second transient voltage suppression diode D2 is 26V.
3. The reverse-connected intelligent protection circuit for direct current input according to claim 1, wherein the capacitance values of the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 are 100 nF;
the capacitance value of the third capacitor C3 is 10 uF.
4. The reverse-connected intelligent protection circuit for direct current input according to claim 1, wherein the ideal diode controller U1 is a low I-Q battery reverse protection ideal diode controller with model number LM 74700.
5. The reverse-connection intelligent protection circuit for direct-current input according to claim 1, wherein the capacitance value of the fourth capacitor C4 is 1 uF;
the capacitance value of the fifth capacitor C5 is 10 uF.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202220438885.3U CN216959398U (en) | 2022-03-01 | 2022-03-01 | Direct current input reverse connection intelligent protection circuit |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202220438885.3U CN216959398U (en) | 2022-03-01 | 2022-03-01 | Direct current input reverse connection intelligent protection circuit |
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| CN216959398U true CN216959398U (en) | 2022-07-12 |
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| CN202220438885.3U Active CN216959398U (en) | 2022-03-01 | 2022-03-01 | Direct current input reverse connection intelligent protection circuit |
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