CN216952586U - Multifunctional natural gas heater - Google Patents
Multifunctional natural gas heater Download PDFInfo
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- CN216952586U CN216952586U CN202121444124.0U CN202121444124U CN216952586U CN 216952586 U CN216952586 U CN 216952586U CN 202121444124 U CN202121444124 U CN 202121444124U CN 216952586 U CN216952586 U CN 216952586U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a multifunctional natural gas heater, which receives pressure sensing signals, temperature sensing signals and flow signals and flexibly switches an electric heating or circulating hot water heating mode, and comprises the following components: the device comprises a heater cylinder, a controller, an explosion-proof electric heater, a natural gas inlet pipeline, a natural gas outlet pipeline, a circulating hot water supply pipeline, a circulating hot water return pipeline, a pressure signal collector, a temperature sensing signal collector, a flow signal collector and the like. According to the pressure drop, the temperature and the natural gas flow signal value, the electric heating mode or the circulating hot water heating mode is flexibly switched, stable, safe and reasonable process heat is ensured, and the effects of quick heating, high efficiency and energy conservation are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model discloses a multifunctional natural gas heater, belongs to the technical field of natural gas facilities, and is mainly applied to urban natural gas gate stations, LNG peak shaving stations and the like.
Background
The natural gas supply scale of the urban natural gas valve station or the LNG peak regulation station is usually large, the natural gas treatment capacity in the station can be flexibly regulated according to the gas consumption and gas use pressure of downstream users during gas supply, and the natural gas is gasified, pressure-regulated, metered and odorized in the station and then is sent to a downstream urban medium-pressure natural gas pipe network. The method comprises the steps of reducing the pressure of high-pressure natural gas (the operating pressure is assumed to be 3.5MPa, the temperature of a gas source is 11 ℃) to the medium pressure (the operating pressure is assumed to be 0.3MPa), then conveying the high-pressure natural gas to a downstream user, reducing the temperature generated by pressure reduction by about 16 ℃ according to the Joule Thomson effect, and considering that a natural gas heater is arranged in front of a pressure regulator in order to ensure the outlet temperature (5 ℃) of the natural gas and avoid the influence of low-temperature working conditions such as ice blockage of a pressure-regulating pipe and the like on equipment caused by the reduction of the temperature of the natural gas. Heaters commonly used in the industry take the form of electric heating and circulating water bath heating.
The equipment type selection of the natural gas heater is determined according to the heat used by the natural gas technology. The heat consumption of natural gas is mainly related to the factors such as the inlet pressure of the natural gas, the outlet pressure of the natural gas, the external output quantity of the natural gas, the temperature of a gas source and the like. The natural gas heater is used as a main energy consumption device for running of an urban natural gas valve station and an LNG peak shaving station, and the reasonability and the economy of the device selection of the natural gas heater are particularly important. For the construction and operation of an urban natural gas gate station and an LNG peak shaving station, the early equipment investment and the operation cost need to be comprehensively considered, the design years of the urban natural gas gate station and the LNG peak shaving station are generally 20-30 years, and the operation cost is an important economic index.
The electric heating heater mainly consumes electric energy, converts the electric energy into heat energy, has simple equipment structure, is quickly started, saves land, mainly consumes the electric energy, has higher energy consumption cost, and is suitable for working conditions with smaller process heat and short continuous heating time.
The circulating water bath heater mainly consumes natural gas, can take the natural gas after the pressure is adjusted in the station, provide fuel for the hot water boiler in the station, prepare the circulating hot water through the hot water boiler, the power consumption cost is lower, but the corollary equipment is more, need to construct the hot water boiler room and circulate the hot water system, take up an area of great, be applicable to the work condition that the heat is great, duration heating time is long for the technology.
At present, natural gas heaters commonly used in urban natural gas valve stations and LNG peak shaving stations are selected from the two heaters, and for urban natural gas valve stations or LNG peak shaving stations with large design scale, circulating water bath heaters are mostly selected. However, due to the fluctuation of the gas consumption of the downstream users, particularly in summer, the gas consumption of the downstream users is small. If open hot-water boiler this moment, the operating mode of hot-water boiler low-load operation can appear to cause the wasting of resources, more probably appear the hot-water boiler because of frequently opening and stop the condition that causes hot-water boiler to damage, further increase the equipment maintenance or purchase the expense again.
The multifunctional natural gas heater can be used for flexibly switching the heating modes of electric heating and circulating water bath heating by receiving the natural gas temperature sensing signal, the pressure sensing signal and the flow signal, and can effectively solve the problems by flexibly switching the heating modes according to seasons and process heat.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to solve the problems that: the multifunctional natural gas heater is designed to utilize received natural gas temperature sensing signals, pressure sensing signals and flow signals and flexibly switch electric heating and circulating hot water heating modes, the electric heating and circulating hot water heating modes are flexibly switched according to different use working conditions, stable, safe and reasonable process heat is guaranteed, and heating is fast, efficient and energy-saving.
The utility model aims to calculate the process heat required under the current working condition by receiving the incoming natural gas temperature sensing signal, the pressure sensing signal before and after the pressure regulator and the flow sensing signal flowing through the pressure regulator, and judge the working mode with the lowest energy consumption according to the process heat, thereby realizing the multifunctional natural gas heater capable of flexibly switching the heating mode.
The multifunctional natural gas heater comprises a heater cylinder body for heating natural gas, wherein an electric heater is fixed in the heater cylinder body, a natural gas inlet pipeline (the pipe diameter is generally DN 50-DN 300) extends into the heater cylinder body from the lower part of the heater cylinder body and the upper part of an electric heating pipe bundle, a natural gas outlet pipeline (the pipe diameter is generally DN 50-DN 300) extends into the heater cylinder body from the upper part of the heater cylinder body, a natural gas pipe bundle (a plurality of natural gas thin pipes which are arranged at intervals) is connected between the natural gas inlet pipeline and the natural gas outlet pipeline in the heater cylinder body, one end of each pipe in the natural gas pipe bundle is connected with the natural gas inlet pipeline, and the other end of each pipe in the natural gas pipe bundle is connected with the natural gas outlet pipeline,
the heater barrel is provided with a circulating hot water inlet which is connected with a circulating hot water supply pipeline, and a circulating hot water outlet which is connected with a circulating hot water return pipeline, wherein the circulating hot water comes from a hot water boiler which adopts natural gas as fuel.
The multifunctional natural gas heater is also provided with a pressure signal collector (a natural gas outlet pipeline is connected with a natural gas pressure regulator after being led out from the heater cylinder body, and is connected with a low-level city medium-pressure natural gas pipe network after the natural gas pressure regulator) for collecting the pressure values of the natural gas pipeline in the natural gas pressure regulator in the station, a temperature sensing signal collector used for collecting the natural gas inlet of the equipment before the natural gas inlet, and a natural gas standard condition flow signal collector used for collecting the natural gas inlet pipeline of the equipment, wherein the heater cylinder body is provided with an electric heating water inlet used for injecting water into the heater cylinder body.
In this application, it is preferred that the circulating hot water inlet is located below the heater cylinder and the circulating hot water outlet is located above to ensure that the hot water fills the entire housing cavity, i.e. passes in and out from below.
In this application, preferably, the electrical heating water inlet is from the barrel top entering barrel, from the barrel in the below of reintroducing to the takeover convenience.
The upper part of the heater cylinder herein means the upper half part of the heater cylinder (> 50% height), preferably in the range of 1/3 or more, and the lower part of the heater cylinder herein means the lower half part of the heater cylinder (< 50% height), preferably in the range of 1/3 or less.
Preferably, the electric heater is an explosion-proof type electric heating tube bundle for heating cold water.
Preferably, the explosion-proof type electric heating tube bundle is positioned at the bottom of the cylinder. The explosion-proof electric heating tube bundle can be integrally arranged in the heater cylinder body or penetrate through the wall of the heater cylinder body to extend into the heater cylinder body.
Furthermore, circulating hot water in the circulating hot water supply pipeline and the circulating hot water return pipeline is conveyed through a hot water circulating pump matched with the hot water boiler.
Furthermore, the heater cylinder can be made of Q235B, Q345 and 06Cr19Ni10, and the natural gas tube bundle can be made of 06Cr17Ni12Mo2, 06Cr19Ni10 and the like. Preferably, the natural gas tube bundle is made of 06Cr19Ni10 with the diameter of
A straight pipe of (2). The natural gas inlet pipeline generally horizontally enters the heater cylinder from the middle lower part of the heater cylinder (from the bottom of the heater cylinder to the height of the heater cylinder 1/2), the entering length can be more than 80%, further more than 90% and even 99% of the inner diameter of the heater cylinder, and the far end of the natural gas inlet pipeline is a blind end; the natural gas outlet pipeline (the pipe diameter is generally DN 50-DN 300) extends into the heater cylinder from the upper part of the heater cylinder, the entering length can be more than 80 percent of the inner diameter of the heater cylinder, further more than 90 percent, even 99 percent, and the far end is also a blind end. A natural gas tube bundle (usually comprising 10-30 tubes) is led out from a natural gas inlet pipeline to a natural gas outlet pipeline at a corresponding position, so thatEach pipe of the natural gas pipe bundle is vertical to the horizontal plane or parallel to the axis of the heater cylinder, and the pipes of the natural gas pipe bundle are parallel to each other. The internal diameter of the individual tubes of the natural gas tube bundle may be in the range from 10 to 32mm, preferably from 15 to 25mm, for example from 20 to 25mm, with a wall thickness of from 2 to 3 mm. The natural gas entering from the natural gas inlet pipeline is divided into a plurality of paths through the natural gas pipe bundle and then enters the natural gas outlet pipeline. The import of natural gas inlet pipe and the export of natural gas outlet pipe can be located the same side or the not equidistance of heater barrel, and natural gas inlet pipe and natural gas outlet pipe are one on the other, and the general parallel arrangement of the two, and preferred in the same plane in the direction of preceding back.
Further, a water level gauge for displaying the water level inside the heater cylinder is provided outside the heater cylinder, and the water level gauge marks an electrically heated water level line and a water level safety upper limit line from bottom to top in this order, the electrically heated water level line is located at, for example, 60 to 90%, further, for example, 70 to 85%, and the water level safety upper limit line is located at, for example, 75 to 90%, further, for example, 80 to 85%, of the total height of the heater cylinder.
Furthermore, the bottom of the heater cylinder is provided with a drain outlet (for example, a drain pipe can be led out from the circulating hot water inlet pipeline), and the heater discharges the hot water in the cylinder through the drain outlet during the period of non-use or maintenance. In addition, the top of the heater cylinder body can be provided with an air release port, and the lower part of the heater cylinder body can be provided with an overflow port.
Further, the outer diameter of the heater cylinder is generally 0.8 to 5.0m, preferably 1.0 to 4.0m, further 1.5 to 3.5m, and the height of the heater cylinder is generally 1.5 to 8.5m, preferably 2.0 to 6.5m, further 2.5 to 6m, for example 4 to 5 m. The wall thickness of the heater cylinder is typically 0.5-2cm, further 0.8-1.5 cm.
Furthermore, the power of the explosion-proof electric heating tube bundle is generally 10-160 kW, preferably 15-120 kW, and further 15-110 kW, or 20-100 kW, or 30-90 kW.
Further, the natural gas tube bundle in the tube accounts for 50% -85%, preferably 50% -70% or 65% -80%, for example 70% -75% of the space in the heater tube body.
Furthermore, according to different working conditions, the electric heating mode or the circulating hot water heating mode is flexibly switched, namely water (cold water) is introduced through an electric heating water inlet, the electric heater is used for heating, or hot water introduced into a hot water boiler through a circulating hot water inlet is used for heating, and the hot water boiler adopts natural gas as fuel. Water entering from the electric heating water inlet or hot water entering from the circulating hot water inlet enters the shell side of the heater cylinder.
Circulating water bath heating working condition: circulating hot water (the temperature of the hot water is 70-90 ℃, further 75-85 ℃, preferably about 80 ℃) is injected into a heater cylinder body through a hot water circulating pump matched with the hot water boiler through a circulating hot water inlet at the bottom of the heater, the heater is discharged from a circulating hot water outlet at the top of the heater, so that the hot water is filled in the shell pass of the heater and circulates normally, natural gas enters a natural gas tube bundle of the heater from a natural gas inlet, and is contacted with the circulating hot water through the natural gas tube bundle, and the circulating hot water transfers heat to the natural gas, so that the heating of the natural gas is realized. The temperature of the water drops (to 50-65 c, further 55-60 c, preferably about 60 c) and hot water is continuously injected into the hot water circulation inlet and the heated natural gas flows from the natural gas outlet to the next process unit.
Electric heating working condition: the water is injected through the electric heating water inlet, after the water level gauge displays that the water level in the cylinder reaches the electric heating water level, the explosion-proof type electric heating tube bundle (the electric heating tube bundle is connected with the water bath heater through the flange) is started, the explosion-proof type electric heating tube bundle heats the water introduced into the cylinder of the heater so as to heat the natural gas tube bundle, the water in the cylinder is usually heated to 70-90 ℃, further 75-85 ℃, preferably about 80 ℃, and when the injected water is too much, the water flows out of the overflow port at the top of the cylinder of the heater. The natural gas enters the heater cylinder from the natural gas inlet, and is in contact with the electrically heated hot water through the natural gas tube bundle, and the hot water transfers heat to the natural gas, so that the natural gas is heated. The heated natural gas flows from the natural gas outlet to the next process unit.
The power of the explosion-proof electric heater is generally 30-160 kW.
The flow signal collector collects the standard natural gas flow Q of the natural gas inlet, and the pressure value P before the pressure regulation of the natural gas in the natural gas inlet pressure signal collector collecting station0Pressure signal collector for natural gas outletPressure value P after pressure regulation of natural gas in acquisition station1The system natural gas inlet temperature signal collector collects the natural gas inlet temperature value T0And calculating the process heat W required by natural gas temperature rise according to the lowest temperature (5 ℃ can be selected) allowed by the system pressure regulator.
W＝Q/3600Cp·T (1)
T＝T1-T0+ΔT (2)
ΔT＝μJ·(P0-P1) (3)
In the formula:
W-Process Heat load, kW;
q-standard condition flow, Nm, of natural gas collected by the system flow signal collector 93/h；
T0The temperature value of the natural gas inlet acquired by the system natural gas inlet temperature signal acquisition device 11 is DEG C;
T1the temperature behind the pressure regulator, DEG C, (5 ℃ can be taken according to the operation requirement);
Δ T-temperature drop, deg.C, due to pressure drop;
t-temperature rise, DEG C, required by the system;
P0the natural gas inlet pressure value, MPa, collected by the system pressure signal collector 10;
P1the back pressure value, MPa, of the natural gas pressure regulator acquired by the system pressure signal acquisition unit 12;
Cpspecific heat capacity of natural gas, kJ/(Nm)3DEG C) 1.545 kJ/(Nm)3·℃)；
μJ-Joule-Thomson coefficient, DEG C/MPa (value 5 ℃/MPa).
According to the formula, the maximum flow Q reaching the design can be calculatedmaxMaximum pressure of incoming air P0Minimum output pressure P1And the intake air temperature T0Maximum process heat W required under the lowest limit conditionmaxAccording to WmaxSetting maximum thermal load condition of multifunctional natural gas heater。
The working condition I is as follows: when the process heat W is less than or equal to 30% Wmax, the electric heating water inlet is opened, water is injected into the heater cylinder body through the electric heating water inlet, water inflow is stopped when the water level in the cylinder is displayed by the water level meter and reaches the electric heating water level, the explosion-proof type electric heating tube bundle is started, the electric heating assembly is used for heating natural gas, energy consumption is electric energy, and water is replenished in the operation process.
Working conditions are as follows: when the process heat W is more than 30% Wmax, the hot water boiler is started to serve as a heat source to prepare circulating hot water, the circulating hot water is pressurized by a hot water circulating pump matched with the hot water boiler, and the circulating hot water is circulated through a circulating hot water inlet and a circulating hot water outlet of the heater to heat natural gas, so that the natural gas consumes energy.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for heating natural gas by a multifunctional natural gas heater, the method comprising:
(1) firstly, according to the formulas (1), (2) and (3), the maximum flow Q reaching the design is calculatedmaxMaximum process heat W required under the limit working conditions of maximum pressure drop (maximum inlet pressure and minimum output pressure) and minimum inlet temperaturemaxAccording to WmaxSetting the maximum thermal load working condition of the multifunctional natural gas heater;
W＝Q/3600Cp·T (1)
T＝T1-T0+ΔT (2)
ΔT＝μJ·(P0-P1) (3)
in the formula:
W-Process Heat load, kW;
q-standard condition flow, Nm, of natural gas collected by the system flow signal collector 93/h；
T0The temperature value of the natural gas inlet acquired by the system natural gas inlet temperature signal acquisition device 11 is DEG C;
T1-the post-regulator temperature, ° c (typically the lowest temperature is allowed to be 5 ℃);
Δ T-temperature drop, deg.C, due to pressure drop;
t-temperature rise, DEG C, required by the system;
P0the natural gas inlet pressure value, MPa, collected by the system pressure signal collector 10;
P1the pressure value, MPa, behind the natural gas pressure regulator, collected by the system pressure signal collector 12;
Cpspecific heat capacity of natural gas, kJ/(Nm)3DEG C) 1.545 kJ/(Nm)3·℃)；
μJJoule Thomson coefficient, DEG C/MPa (value 5 ℃/MPa).
(2) The flow signal collector collects the standard condition flow Q of natural gas at the natural gas inlet, and the pressure value P before the pressure regulation of the natural gas in the pressure signal collector collecting station0Pressure value P of regulated natural gas1The natural gas inlet temperature signal collector collects the inlet temperature T of the natural gas0(value is 11 ℃), and the natural gas outlet temperature T after the pressure regulator1(value is 5 ℃), calculating the process heat W required by natural gas heating according to the formulas (1), (2) and (3);
(3) the working condition I is as follows: when the heat W for the process is less than or equal to 30 percent of WmaxWhen the water level meter displays that the water level in the cylinder reaches the electric heating water level, the explosion-proof electric heating tube bundle is started to heat the water in the cylinder (to 80 ℃), natural gas enters the heater cylinder from the natural gas inlet, the natural gas is heated up through the contact of the natural gas tube bundle and the water heated in the cylinder, and the natural gas flows to the next process unit from the natural gas outlet.
Working conditions are as follows: when the heat W for the process is more than 30 percent of WmaxWhen in use, the circulating hot water inlet and the circulating hot water outlet are opened, circulating hot water (with the temperature of 80 ℃) is injected into the heater cylinder body through the circulating hot water inlet, natural gas enters the heater cylinder body from the natural gas inlet, the natural gas is contacted with the circulating hot water in the cylinder body through the natural gas pipe bundle, the circulating hot water transfers heat to the natural gas, the circulating hot water (with the temperature of 60 ℃) after heat transfer is discharged out of the heater cylinder body from the circulating hot water outlet, and the natural gas after temperature rise flows to the next process unit from the natural gas outlet。
The utility model has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. the utility model can fully combine different working conditions of engineering, switch different heating modes, ensure stable, safe and reasonable process heat, and realize rapid heating, high efficiency and energy saving.
2. Under the condition that the process heat W is less than or equal to 30% Wmax, the electric heating mode is started, the heating is rapid, the response is sensitive, the resource waste of a hot water boiler system is avoided, and the risk of damage of the hot water boiler caused by frequent starting and stopping is reduced.
3. Under the condition that the process heat W is more than 30 percent Wmax, a circulating hot water heating mode is started, and a heat source is supplied by circulating hot water, so that a large amount of electric power loss is avoided, and energy is saved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multifunctional natural gas heater.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a multi-purpose natural gas heater.
Reference numerals are as follows:
1. a circulating hot water inlet; 2. electrically heating the water inlet; 3. a natural gas inlet pipeline; 4. a circulating hot water outlet; 5. an air release port; 6. a natural gas outlet pipeline; 7. a water level gauge; 8. an electric heater (explosion-proof type electric heating tube bundle); 9. a natural gas flow signal collector; 10. a natural gas inlet pressure signal collector; 11. a natural gas inlet temperature signal collector; 12. a natural gas outlet pressure signal collector; 13. a natural gas tube bundle; 14. an overflow port; 15. a sewage draining outlet; 16. a heater cylinder.
Detailed Description
The utility model is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the multifunctional natural gas heater of the present invention comprises a heater cylinder 16 for heating natural gas, an electric heater 8 is fixed inside the heater cylinder, a natural gas inlet pipe 3 (pipe diameter is generally DN 50-DN 300) extends into the heater cylinder from the lower part of the heater cylinder (the bottom of the heater cylinder to the height of the heater cylinder 1/2) and above the electric heater bundle, a natural gas outlet pipe 6 (pipe diameter is generally DN 50-DN 300) extends into the heater cylinder from the upper part of the heater cylinder, a natural gas pipe bundle 13 (a plurality of natural gas thin pipes arranged at intervals) is connected between the natural gas inlet pipe 3 and the natural gas outlet pipe 6 in the heater cylinder, one end of each pipe in the natural gas pipe bundle 13 is connected with the natural gas inlet pipe 3, and the other end is connected with the natural gas outlet pipe 6,
the heater barrel is provided with a circulating hot water inlet 1 connected with a circulating hot water supply pipeline, and a circulating hot water outlet 4 connected with a circulating hot water return pipeline, wherein the circulating hot water comes from a hot water boiler which adopts natural gas as fuel.
The multifunctional natural gas heater is also provided with pressure signal collectors 10 and 12 for collecting pressure values before and after natural gas pressure regulation in the station, a temperature sensing signal collector 11 for collecting pressure values before natural gas pressure regulation and a flow signal collector 9 for collecting standard flow of natural gas, and the heater cylinder is provided with an electric heating water inlet 2 for injecting water into the heater cylinder. The natural gas outlet pipeline is connected with a natural gas pressure regulator after being led out from the heater cylinder, and is connected with a downstream urban medium-pressure natural gas pipeline network after passing through the natural gas pressure regulator.
In a preferred embodiment, the hot water circulation inlet is located below the heater cylinder and the hot water circulation outlet is located above to ensure that the hot water fills the entire housing cavity, i.e. passes in and out.
In a preferred embodiment, the electrically heated water inlet is introduced into the barrel from above the barrel and re-introduced from within the barrel to below for ease of taking over.
The upper portion of the heater cylinder means a range of 1/3 or more above the heater cylinder, and the lower portion of the heater cylinder means a range of 1/3 or less below the heater cylinder.
In a preferred embodiment, the electric heater 8 is an explosion-proof electric heating tube bundle for heating cold water.
The explosion-proof type electric heating tube bundle is generally positioned at the bottom of the cylinder body.
In one embodiment, the circulating hot water in the circulating hot water supply pipeline and the circulating hot water return pipeline is delivered by a hot water circulating pump matched with the hot water boiler.
The heater cylinder can be made of Q235B, Q345 and 06Cr19Ni10, and the natural gas tube bundle can be made of 06Cr17Ni12Mo2, 06Cr19Ni10 and the like.
The natural gas tube bundle can be made of 06Cr19Ni10 with the diameter of
A straight tube of (2). The natural gas inlet pipeline generally passes through the wall of the heater cylinder from the middle lower part of the heater cylinder (from the bottom of the heater cylinder to the height of the heater cylinder 1/2) and horizontally enters the heater cylinder, the entering length can be more than 80 percent of the inner diameter of the heater cylinder, further more than 90 percent, even more than 99 percent, and the far end of the natural gas inlet pipeline is a blind end; the natural gas outlet pipeline (the pipe diameter is generally DN 50-DN 300) penetrates through the wall of the heater cylinder from the upper part of the heater cylinder and extends into the heater cylinder, the entering length can be more than 80 percent of the inner diameter of the heater cylinder, further more than 90 percent, even more than 99 percent, and the far end of the natural gas outlet pipeline is also a blind end. A natural gas tube bundle (typically comprising 10-30 tubes) is led out from the natural gas inlet pipe to a natural gas outlet pipe at a corresponding position such that each tube of the natural gas tube bundle is perpendicular to the horizontal plane or parallel to the axis of the heater cylinder and the tubes of the natural gas tube bundle are parallel to each other. The internal diameter of the individual tubes of the natural gas tube bundle may be in the range from 10 to 32mm, preferably from 15 to 25mm, for example from 20 to 25mm, with a wall thickness of from 2 to 3 mm. The natural gas entering from the natural gas inlet pipeline is divided into a plurality of paths through the natural gas pipe bundle and then enters the natural gas outlet pipeline. The inlet of the natural gas inlet pipeline and the outlet of the natural gas outlet pipeline can be positioned on the same side or different sides of the heater cylinder, the natural gas inlet pipeline and the natural gas outlet pipeline are arranged on the same side and are generally arranged in parallel, and the natural gas inlet pipeline and the natural gas outlet pipeline are preferably positioned on the same plane in the front-back direction.
In a further embodiment, a water level gauge for indicating the water level inside the heater cylinder is provided outside the heater cylinder, and the water level gauge marks an electrically heated water level line, for example, at 60 to 90%, further for example, at 70 to 85%, and a water level safety upper limit line, for example, at 75 to 90%, further for example, at 80 to 85%, of the total height of the heater cylinder, from the bottom up in this order.
In a further embodiment, the heater cartridge is provided with a drain at the bottom (e.g. a drain may lead from the hot water circulation inlet conduit) through which hot water is drained from the cartridge during periods of inactivity or service. In addition, the top of the heater cylinder body can be provided with an air release opening 5, the top of the cylinder body can be provided with an overflow opening 14, the overflow opening is preferably led to the lower part through a pipeline, when the water injection is ultrahigh, the water is automatically discharged out of the cylinder body through the opening, and the air is led to the lower part so as to prevent the water from flowing along the outer wall of the cylinder body from the upper part.
In one embodiment, the outer diameter of the heater cylinder is generally 0.8 to 5.0m, preferably 1.0 to 4.0m, further 1.5 to 3.5m, and the height of the heater cylinder is generally 1.5 to 8.5m, preferably 2.0 to 6.5m, further 2.5 to 6 m. The wall thickness of the heater barrel is typically 0.5-2cm, further 0.8-1.5 cm.
In another embodiment, the power of the explosion-proof electric heating tube bundle is generally 10 to 160kW, preferably 15 to 120kW, further 15 to 110kW, or 20 to 100kW, or 30 to 90 kW.
In yet another embodiment, the in-barrel natural gas tube bundle comprises 50% to 85%, preferably 50% to 70% or 65% to 80%, for example 70% to 75% of the space within the heater barrel.
In one embodiment, the electric heating mode or the circulating hot water heating mode is switched flexibly according to different working conditions, namely, water (cold water) is introduced through an electric heating water inlet, the water is heated by an electric heater, or hot water introduced into a hot water boiler through a circulating hot water inlet is used for heating, and the hot water boiler adopts natural gas as fuel. Water entering from the electrically heated water inlet or hot water entering from the circulating hot water inlet enters the shell side of the heater cartridge.
Circulating water bath heating working condition: circulating hot water (the hot water temperature is 80 ℃) is pressurized by a hot water circulating pump matched with the hot water boiler and then is injected into the heater cylinder body through a circulating hot water inlet 1 at the bottom of the heater, the heater is discharged from a circulating hot water outlet 4 at the top of the heater, so that the shell pass of the heater is filled with the hot water and the circulation is normal, natural gas enters a natural gas tube bundle 13 of the heater from a natural gas inlet 3 and contacts with the circulating hot water through the natural gas tube bundle, and the circulating hot water transfers the heat to the natural gas, so that the natural gas heating is realized. The water temperature drops (to 60 ℃), hot water is continuously injected into the circulating hot water inlet 1, and the heated natural gas flows to the next process unit from the natural gas outlet 6.
Electric heating working condition: through the 2 injected water of electrical heating water inlet, after water level gauge 7 shows that the interior water level of a section of thick bamboo reaches the electrical heating water level, open explosion-proof type electrical heating tube bank 8 (electrical heating tube bank 8 passes through flange and water bath heater connection), thereby the water of the interior injection of explosion-proof type electrical heating tube bank heating heater barrel realizes heating the natural gas tube bank, heats the water in the section of thick bamboo to 80 ℃ usually, when the water of injection is too much, flows out from the overflow mouth 14 at heater barrel top. Natural gas enters the heater cylinder from the natural gas inlet 3, contacts with hot water after electric heating through the natural gas tube bundle, and the hot water transfers heat to the natural gas, so that the natural gas heating is realized. The heated natural gas flows from the natural gas outlet 6 to the next process unit.
The flow signal collector 9 collects the standard natural gas flow Q of the natural gas inlet 3, and the natural gas inlet pressure signal collector 10 collects the pressure value P before the pressure regulation of the natural gas in the station0Pressure value P after pressure regulation of natural gas in natural gas outlet pressure signal collector 12 collecting station1The system natural gas inlet temperature signal collector 11 collects the natural gas inlet temperature value T0And calculating the process heat W required by natural gas temperature rise according to the lowest temperature (5 ℃) allowed after the system pressure regulator.
W＝Q/3600Cp·T (1)
T＝T1-T0+ΔT (2)
ΔT＝μJ·(P0-P1) (3)
In the formula:
W-Process Heat load, kW;
q-standard condition flow, Nm, of natural gas collected by the system flow signal collector 93/h；
T0The natural gas collected by the system natural gas inlet temperature signal collector 11 entersPort temperature value, deg.C;
T1the temperature behind the pressure regulator is at the temperature of 5 ℃ according to the operation requirement;
Δ T-temperature drop, deg.C, due to pressure drop;
t-temperature rise, DEG C, required by the system;
P0the natural gas inlet pressure value, MPa, collected by the system pressure signal collector 10;
P1the back pressure value, MPa, of the natural gas pressure regulator acquired by the system pressure signal acquisition unit 12;
Cpspecific heat capacity of natural gas, kJ/(Nm)3DEG C) 1.545 kJ/(Nm)3·℃)；
μJ-Joule-Thomson coefficient, DEG C/MPa (value 5 ℃/MPa).
According to the formula, the maximum flow Q reaching the design can be calculatedmaxMaximum pressure of incoming air P0Minimum output pressure P1And the intake air temperature T0Maximum process heat W required under the lowest limit conditionmaxAccording to WmaxAnd setting the maximum heat load working condition of the multifunctional natural gas heater.
The working condition I is as follows: when the process heat W is less than or equal to 30% Wmax, the electric heating water inlet 2 is opened, water is injected into the heater cylinder body through the electric heating water inlet, when the water level in the water level gauge display cylinder reaches the electric heating water level, the water injection is stopped, the explosion-proof type electric heating tube bundle 8 is started, the electric heating assembly is used for heating natural gas, the energy consumption is electric energy, and water is replenished in the operation process.
Working conditions are as follows: when the process heat W is more than 30% Wmax, the hot water boiler is started to serve as a heat source to prepare circulating hot water, the circulating hot water is pressurized by a hot water circulating pump matched with the hot water boiler, and the circulating hot water is heated for natural gas through a heater circulating hot water inlet 1 and a circulating hot water outlet 4, so that the natural gas consumes energy.
Example 1
The maximum output capacity of a certain natural gas gate station is designed to be 10 multiplied by 104Nm3H, filtering, heating, regulating pressure, metering and conveying natural gas in stationTo downstream users. One-way output 10X 10 with one use and one spare in station4Nm3H is used as the reference value. The pressure regulator reduces the pressure of high-pressure natural gas (the operating pressure is 3.5MPa, the air source temperature is 11 ℃) to the medium pressure (the operating pressure is 0.3MPa), and in order to ensure that the outlet temperature of the natural gas is more than or equal to 5 ℃, the heat load for the process is calculated as follows.
W＝Q/3600Cp·T
T＝T1-T0+ΔT
ΔT＝μJ·(P0-P1)
In the formula:
Qmax＝10×104Nm3/h；
T0＝11℃；
μJ5 ℃/MPa (joule thomson coefficient);
Cp＝1.545KJ/(Nm3·℃)；
ΔT＝μJ·(P0-P1)＝5×(3.5-0.3)＝16℃；
T1＝5℃
T＝T1-T0+ΔT＝5-11+16＝10℃
Wmax＝10×104/3600×1.545×10≈420kW
calculating the maximum heat consumption required by each path of the project according to the designed maximum output and the extreme pressure drop value: wmax＝420kW
According to WmaxAnd setting the maximum working condition of the multifunctional natural gas heater.
According to the utility model, the upper flow signal collector collects the standard condition flow Q of the natural gas at the natural gas inlet 3, and the natural gas inlet pressure signal collector 10 collects the pressure value P before the pressure regulation of the natural gas in the station0Pressure value P after pressure regulation of natural gas in natural gas outlet pressure signal collector 12 collecting station1The system natural gas inlet temperature signal collector 11 collects the natural gas inlet temperature value T0And calculating the process heat under the working condition according to the lowest allowable temperature (5 ℃) after the system voltage regulator.
The working condition I is as follows: when the technology is usedThe heat consumption is less than or equal to 126kW (30 percent of W)max) When the water level meter 7 displays that the water level in the barrel reaches the electric heating water level, the water injection is stopped. The explosion-proof electric heating tube bundle 8 is started, and the hot medium water in the tube is heated to 80 ℃. Natural gas enters the heater cylinder from the natural gas inlet 3, is contacted with heated water in the cylinder through the natural gas tube bundle, is heated, and flows to the next process unit from the natural gas outlet 6.
Working conditions are as follows: when the heat for the process is more than 126kW (30% W)max) When the heater is used, the circulating hot water inlet 1 and the circulating hot water outlet 4 are opened, hot water (with the temperature of 80 ℃) is injected into the heater cylinder body through the circulating hot water inlet 1, natural gas enters the heater cylinder body from the natural gas inlet 3 and contacts with the circulating hot water in the cylinder body through the natural gas pipe bundle 13, the circulating hot water transfers heat to the natural gas, the circulating hot water (with the temperature of 60 ℃) after heat transfer is discharged out of the heater cylinder body from the circulating hot water outlet 4, and the heated natural gas flows to a next process unit from the natural gas outlet 6.
Example 2
Designing maximum output capacity of 2 multiplied by 10 for certain LNG peak shaving station4Nm3And h, conveying the LNG to downstream users after gasification, heating, pressure regulation and metering in the station. One heater is considered in the heating of the station, two paths of pressure regulating and metering are used and standby, and the single path output is 2 multiplied by 104Nm3H is used as the reference value. The natural gas temperature before heating is-15 ℃, the natural gas running pressure before pressure regulation is 0.7MPa, the running pressure after pressure regulation is 0.2MPa, and in order to ensure that the natural gas outlet temperature is more than or equal to 5 ℃, the heat load for the process is calculated as follows.
W＝Q/3600Cp·T
T＝T1-T0+ΔT
ΔT＝μJ·(P0-P1)
In the formula:
Qmax＝2×104Nm3/h；
T0＝-15℃；
μJ5 ℃/MPa (joule thomson coefficient);
Cp＝1.545KJ/(Nm3·℃)；
ΔT＝μJ·(P0-P1)＝5×(0.7-0.2)＝2.5℃；
T1＝5℃
T＝T1-T0+ΔT＝5-(-15)+2.5＝22.5℃
Wmax＝2×104/3600×1.545×22.5≈193kW
calculating the maximum heat consumption required by each path of the project according to the designed maximum output and the extreme pressure drop value: wmax＝193kW
According to WmaxAnd setting the maximum working condition of the multifunctional natural gas heater.
According to the utility model, the upper flow signal collector collects the standard condition flow Q of the natural gas at the natural gas inlet 3, and the natural gas inlet pressure signal collector 10 collects the pressure value P before the pressure regulation of the natural gas in the station0Pressure value P after pressure regulation of natural gas in natural gas outlet pressure signal collector 12 collecting station1The system natural gas inlet temperature signal collector 11 collects the natural gas inlet temperature value T0And calculating the process heat under the working condition according to the lowest allowable temperature (5 ℃) after the system voltage regulator.
The working condition I is as follows: when the heat for the process is less than or equal to 57.9kW (30% W)max) When the water level meter 7 displays that the water level in the barrel reaches the electric heating water level, the explosion-proof type electric heating tube bundle 8 is started to heat the water in the barrel to 80 ℃. Natural gas enters the heater cylinder from the natural gas inlet 3, is contacted with heated water in the cylinder through the natural gas tube bundle, is heated, and flows to the next process unit from the natural gas outlet 6.
Working conditions are as follows: when the heat for the process is more than 57.9kW (30% W)max) When the natural gas heater is used, the circulating hot water inlet 1 and the circulating hot water outlet 4 are opened, hot water (with the temperature of 80 ℃) is injected into the heater cylinder body through the circulating hot water inlet 1, natural gas enters the heater cylinder body from the natural gas inlet 3 and contacts with circulating hot water in the cylinder body through the natural gas pipe bundle 13, the circulating hot water transfers heat to the natural gas, the circulating hot water (with the temperature of 60 ℃) after heat transfer is discharged out of the heater cylinder body from the circulating hot water outlet 4, and the heated natural gas is discharged from the natural gas outlet6 to the next process unit.
The utility model has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. the utility model can fully combine different working conditions of engineering, switch different heating modes, ensure stable, safe and reasonable process heat, and realize rapid heating, high efficiency and energy saving.
4. Under the condition that the process heat W is less than or equal to 30 percent Wmax, the electric heating mode is started, the heating is rapid, the response is sensitive, the resource waste of a hot water boiler system is avoided, and the risk of damage caused by frequent starting and stopping of the boiler is reduced.
5. Under the condition that the process heat is more than 30% Wmax, a circulating hot water heating mode is started, and a heat source is supplied by circulating hot water, so that a large amount of electric power loss is avoided, and energy is saved.
Taking example 2 as an example, energy consumption and economic comparison are carried out, and details are shown as follows:
description of a first working condition: the actual output is 6000Nm3At this time, the process heat was 57.9kW (30% W)maxThe temporary name is 'critical point'), and supposing that a water bath type heater is adopted to provide heat load according to the prior art, because the model of the matched hot water boiler is configured according to the full-load operation working condition, when the hot water boiler operates under the low-load working condition, the hot water boiler is easily started and stopped frequently, and even is damaged. If the multifunctional natural gas heater is adopted, the electric heating part can be started for heating.
And the second working condition is illustrated as follows: the actual volume of the external delivery is 20000Nm3And/h, the heat for the process is 193kW (full load operation), and if an electric heater is adopted according to the prior art, the heat consumption is too high, equipment such as a box transformer and the like is required, and the process is not a good choice from the energy-saving viewpoint. If the multifunctional natural gas heater is adopted, the water bath type heating part can be started for heating.
Main parameter comparison table for multifunctional natural gas heater, electric heater and water bath heater
Compared with the existing water bath type heating technology, when the load is at a critical point or below, the multifunctional natural gas heater can start an electric heating function to heat, is suitable for the operation of the working condition, and is simple and rapid to operate; the existing water bath type heating technology needs to start matched equipment such as a hot water boiler, a circulating hot water pump, a natural gas pressure regulating and metering system (providing fuel gas for the hot water boiler) and the like, and the response speed is not as fast as that of the electric heating technology; when the heat load demand of the hot water boiler configured according to the full-load working condition is at a critical point or below, the hot water boiler body can be started and stopped frequently, the hot water boiler is damaged due to multiple times of operation at the critical point or below, and the maintenance cost or the re-purchase cost of the hot water boiler is high; in addition, the social impact of production outages due to boiler maintenance or replacement cannot be measured in money. Therefore, the existing water bath type heating technology is not suitable for operation under the critical point and the following working conditions, so the economic benefit comparison between the electric heating function of the multifunctional natural gas heater and the existing water bath type heating technology is not made.
Now, according to two working conditions of external output, the energy consumption and the operation cost of the electric heating and the multifunctional natural gas heater are compared, and the following table is provided:
running cost comparison table for multifunctional natural gas heater and electric heater
Note: when the heat used in the process is 57.9kW, the converted electric power is about 72.4 kW.h, and the converted gas consumption is 8.8Nm3/h；
When the heat used in the process is 193kW, the reduced electric power is about 241.3 kW.h, and the reduced gas consumption is 28.8Nm3/h；
The annual running time is 350 days, wherein the low-load running is 200 days, the full-load running is 150 days, and the daily average gas time is 16 h.
The comparison shows that the multifunctional natural gas heater has obvious economic benefit compared with the prior electric heating technology, can save 37.17 ten thousand yuan of fuel cost in one year, and can save 623.4 ten thousand yuan in the service life (20 years).
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated in detail, it should be understood that the foregoing description is intended for purposes of example only and is not intended to limit the scope of the utility model in any way. Numerous changes and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model, and all such changes and substitutions are to be considered within the scope of the claims of the utility model.
Claims (10)
1. A multifunctional natural gas heater comprises a heater cylinder for heating natural gas, wherein an electric heater is fixed inside the heater cylinder, a natural gas inlet pipeline extends into the heater cylinder from the lower part of the heater cylinder and above an electric heating tube bundle, a natural gas outlet pipeline extends into the heater cylinder from the upper part of the heater cylinder, and a natural gas tube bundle is connected between the natural gas inlet pipeline and the natural gas outlet pipeline in the heater cylinder;
the heater cylinder is additionally provided with a circulating hot water inlet which is connected with a circulating hot water supply pipeline supplied from the outside, the heater cylinder is also provided with a circulating hot water outlet which is connected with a circulating hot water return pipeline,
the multifunctional natural gas heater is provided with a pressure signal collector, a flow signal collector and a natural gas inlet temperature signal collector, wherein the pressure signal collector is connected with a front pipeline and a rear pipeline of the pressure regulator and used for collecting pressure values of the natural gas before and after pressure regulation, the flow signal collector is used for collecting standard flow of the natural gas, the natural gas inlet temperature signal collector is used for collecting temperature of the natural gas in the natural gas inlet pipeline, an electric heating water inlet used for injecting water into the heater cylinder is arranged on the heater cylinder, the outer diameter of the heater cylinder is 0.8-5.0 m, and the height of the heater cylinder is 1.5-8.5 m.
2. The multifunctional natural gas heater of claim 1, wherein a water level gauge for displaying the water level inside the heater cylinder is arranged outside the heater cylinder, and the water level gauge sequentially marks the electric heating water level line and the water level safety upper limit line from bottom to top.
3. The multifunctional natural gas heater of claim 1 or 2, wherein the natural gas outlet pipeline is connected with a natural gas pressure regulator after being led out from the heater cylinder, and is connected with a downstream urban medium-pressure natural gas pipeline network after passing through the natural gas pressure regulator.
4. The multifunctional natural gas heater of claim 1 or 2, wherein the power of the electric heater is 10-160 kW.
5. The multifunctional natural gas heater of claim 1 or 2, wherein the in-barrel natural gas tube bundle occupies 50-70% of the space in the heater barrel.
6. The multifunctional natural gas heater according to claim 1 or 2, wherein electric heating or circulating hot water heating modes are flexibly switched according to different working conditions, namely water is introduced through the electric heating water inlet, the electric heater is used for heating, or hot water prepared by a hot water boiler is introduced through the circulating hot water inlet, and the hot water boiler adopts natural gas as fuel.
7. The multifunctional natural gas heater of claim 1 or 2, wherein the circulating hot water inlet is positioned below the heater cylinder and the circulating hot water outlet is positioned above, so as to ensure that the hot water can fill the whole inner cavity of the shell, namely, the hot water enters from bottom to top.
8. The multifunctional natural gas heater of claim 1 or 2, wherein the electrically heated water inlet enters the cylinder from above the cylinder and is led to below from inside the cylinder.
9. The multifunctional natural gas heater of claim 1 or 2, wherein the electric heater is an explosion-proof type electric heating tube bundle.
10. The multifunctional natural gas heater of claim 9, wherein the explosion-proof type electric heating tube bundle is positioned at the bottom of the cylinder body, and the explosion-proof type electric heating tube bundle is integrally installed in the heater cylinder body or penetrates through the wall of the heater cylinder body to extend into the heater cylinder body.
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| CN202121444124.0U CN216952586U (en) | 2021-06-28 | 2021-06-28 | Multifunctional natural gas heater |
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