CN216924363U

CN216924363U - Garbage pyrolysis device for biomass-assisted pyrolysis

Info

Publication number: CN216924363U
Application number: CN202121272957.3U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李观德
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2021-06-08
Filing date: 2021-06-08
Publication date: 2022-07-08
Anticipated expiration: 2031-06-08

Abstract

The utility model discloses a garbage pyrolysis device for biomass-assisted pyrolysis, which comprises a furnace body shell (1), wherein a biomass pyrolysis furnace (2) positioned at the bottom and a garbage pyrolysis furnace (3) positioned above the biomass pyrolysis furnace (2) are arranged in the furnace body shell (1); a secondary combustion chamber (4) is arranged between the garbage pyrolysis furnace (3) and the furnace body shell (1), and a flue gas channel communicated to the secondary combustion chamber (4) is arranged on the side wall of the garbage pyrolysis furnace (3); a plurality of telescopic grates (301) which can enable garbage to fall down in a reciprocating manner are arranged in the garbage pyrolysis furnace (3); the top of the biomass pyrolysis furnace (2) is provided with a fire-spraying opening (201) communicated to the garbage pyrolysis furnace (3). The utility model can effectively decompose and treat the garbage with low calorific value, has low energy consumption and is more energy-saving and environment-friendly.

Description

Garbage pyrolysis device for biomass-assisted pyrolysis

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a garbage disposal device, in particular to a garbage pyrolysis device for biomass-assisted pyrolysis.

Background

Along with the development of modern society, the yield of garbage in China also rises, and serious harm is caused to the environment. Common garbage treatment methods include landfill, incineration and composting, wherein the landfill and the composting are caused by the problems of large land occupation and low resource utilization level, and although the incineration can achieve the purposes of volume reduction, reduction and resource utilization, carcinogens such as dioxin are easily generated if the incineration is not completely combusted. Whether the garbage can be combusted or not depends on the total heat value of the garbage completely, if the garbage has less combustible substances and low heat value, the garbage can be combusted usually by adding fuels such as diesel oil, so that not only is the energy consumption high, but also the generation of harmful substances such as dioxin cannot be well avoided by the conventional combustion equipment. In addition, in most remote areas such as towns and villages in China, the garbage production amount is relatively low, but the problems of long garbage transportation distance, high transportation cost and the like generally exist when the garbage is transported to a garbage disposal site for disposal. In addition to general household garbage, the remote towns and the rural areas generally can also generate biomass garbage such as straws, wood chips and the like, and most of the garbage is treated by in-situ combustion at present and is lack of an environment-friendly treatment means.

The advent of pyrolysis technology provides a new concept for garbage treatment, which decomposes garbage under the conditions of high temperature and no oxygen or low oxygen and can generate high-value clean fuel gas. Similarly, the pyrolysis of the garbage needs to provide a high-temperature environment, and the furnace temperature can be generally increased by adopting an auto-combustion mode or combustion is supported by fuels such as diesel oil. If the heat value of the garbage is low, the self-combustion pyrolysis is difficult to perform. And the use of fuel reduces the environmental significance brought by the pyrolysis of the garbage from another point of view.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims to provide a garbage pyrolysis device for biomass-assisted pyrolysis. The garbage decomposition device can effectively decompose and treat garbage with low calorific value, has low energy consumption, is more energy-saving and environment-friendly, and can make full use of garbage in villages, towns, rural areas and other areas.

The technical scheme of the utility model is as follows: the garbage pyrolysis device for biomass assisted pyrolysis is characterized in that: the biomass pyrolysis furnace comprises a furnace body shell, wherein a biomass pyrolysis furnace positioned at the bottom and a garbage pyrolysis furnace positioned above the biomass pyrolysis furnace are arranged in the furnace body shell; a secondary combustion chamber is arranged between the garbage pyrolysis furnace and the furnace body shell, and a flue gas channel communicated to the secondary combustion chamber is arranged on the side wall of the garbage pyrolysis furnace; a plurality of telescopic fire grates which can lead the garbage to fall down in a reciprocating way are arranged in the garbage pyrolysis furnace; and a fire-spraying opening communicated to the garbage pyrolysis furnace is formed in the top of the biomass pyrolysis furnace. The biomass pyrolysis furnace can be used for processing biomass garbage with relatively high heat value, and the garbage pyrolysis furnace is used for processing garbage with low heat value.

In the garbage pyrolysis device for biomass assisted pyrolysis, the biomass pyrolysis furnace comprises an inner furnace, a flaring combustion hopper positioned at the bottom is arranged in the inner furnace, a closing-up heat gathering hopper is arranged at the top of the inner furnace, and a fire jet is arranged at the top of the closing-up heat gathering hopper; the side wall of the biomass pyrolysis furnace is provided with a biomass pushing channel, and a biomass pushing rod is arranged in the biomass pushing channel; the biomass pushing channel is connected with a feed hopper extending to the outer side of the furnace body shell.

In the waste pyrolysis device for biomass-assisted pyrolysis, an upward blowing port is arranged below the flaring combustion hopper. Adopt the environment of relative oxygen boosting in the living beings pyrolysis furnace, make living beings can burn fast, blow the material mouth and can make the top living beings blow away, suspend, cooperate certain air admission, can improve the combustion efficiency of living beings, and then provide high-temperature gas and flame to the rubbish pyrolysis furnace of top to the rubbish pyrolysis furnace in the supplementary rubbish pyrolysis furnace.

In the garbage pyrolysis device with biomass assisted pyrolysis, in order to adjust the oxygen content in the furnace, the side wall of the biomass pyrolysis furnace is provided with a jacket communicated to an air inlet fan, and the inner side of the jacket is provided with an oxygen increasing and blowing port.

In the garbage pyrolysis device adopting biomass assisted pyrolysis, an ash falling bin is arranged between the biomass pyrolysis furnace and the furnace body shell, a bin door communicated to the ash falling bin is formed in the furnace body shell, and a first isolation door is arranged on the upper portion of the ash falling bin. Pyrolysis residue in the garbage pyrolysis furnace automatically falls into the ash falling bin, and the burning ash of the biomass pyrolysis furnace can be blown out of the biomass pyrolysis furnace and finally falls into the ash falling bin.

In the waste pyrolysis device for biomass assisted pyrolysis, the top of the waste pyrolysis furnace is provided with a waste storage bin, and the lower end of the waste storage bin is provided with a waste pushing rod.

In the garbage pyrolysis device with biomass-assisted pyrolysis, the side wall of the garbage pyrolysis furnace is provided with a jacket communicated to the air inlet fan, and the inner side of the jacket is provided with an oxygen-increasing air blowing opening. Similarly, an oxygen-increasing air blowing opening for the secondary combustion chamber can be added to promote secondary combustion and improve the temperature of the secondary combustion.

In the garbage pyrolysis device with biomass assisted pyrolysis, the telescopic fire grate comprises a fixed fire grate with one end fixed on the side wall of the garbage pyrolysis furnace, a chute is formed in the fixed fire grate, the front end of the fixed fire grate is connected with a movable fire grate through the chute, and a transverse push rod with a triangular cross section is arranged on the upper surface of the movable fire grate. The garbage in the furnace can slide down gradually by the telescopic movement of the movable grate.

In the garbage pyrolysis device for biomass assisted pyrolysis, the two sides of the furnace body shell are provided with the quenching heat exchanger and the tail gas treatment device which are vertically arranged, the lower end of the quenching heat exchanger is connected to the secondary combustion chamber, the upper end of the quenching heat exchanger is provided with the activated carbon absorption bin, and the activated carbon absorption bin is connected with the upper part of the tail gas treatment device through the connecting pipeline. The quenching heat exchanger can effectively collect heat energy generated by secondary combustion so as to utilize energy (heat supply or power generation), and the tail gas treatment device can carry out environment-friendly treatment on tail gas, so that other discharged materials meet the requirements of cleanness and environment protection.

In the garbage pyrolysis device with biomass assisted pyrolysis, the tail gas treatment device comprises a liquid storage tank positioned at the bottom, and a desulfurization spray chamber and a denitration spray chamber in the vertical direction are arranged above the liquid storage tank; the upper end of the denitration spray chamber is connected with the connecting pipeline, and the lower end of the denitration spray chamber is communicated with the desulfurization spray chamber through the liquid storage tank; and the top of the desulfurization spray chamber is provided with a discharge pipe.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model skillfully utilizes the two pyrolysis furnaces to carry out the vertically nested matching, the biomass pyrolysis furnace positioned below is used for burning and pyrolyzing the biomass garbage (wood dust, straw and the like) with high heat value, the furnace temperature of the garbage pyrolysis furnace can be quickly and effectively improved, the combustion flame can be provided, the fuel gas generated during the biomass pyrolysis can also enter the garbage pyrolysis furnace and the secondary combustion chamber, and the garbage with lower heat value can also be effectively pyrolyzed in the garbage pyrolysis furnace. Surround the postcombustion room in the rubbish pyrolysis oven outside in addition, not only can carry out high temperature postcombustion, effectively reduce harmful substance's such as dioxin production to the gas that the pyrolysis produced, but also can provide heat source, guarantee furnace temperature for the inboard rubbish pyrolysis oven. The double-furnace matching structure is combined with the outer surrounding type secondary combustion chamber, garbage can be more fully treated, the utilization rate of heat energy is extremely high, the double-furnace matching structure not only can be suitable for garbage with a lower heat value, but also is higher in treatment efficiency, fossil fuel is not needed, and the double-furnace matching structure is more energy-saving and environment-friendly.

The utility model has relatively simple structure, needs no civil engineering, can be properly miniaturized according to the garbage yield (the whole height is reduced, the number of layers of the movable fire grate is reduced), and can be directly installed at various scattered garbage concentration points in villages and towns and rural areas without transporting the garbage to large garbage disposal points (garbage incineration plants and power stations) with high cost. The utility model can effectively utilize a large amount of biomass garbage produced in villages, towns and villages, so that the biomass garbage can play an auxiliary role in the pyrolysis treatment process of other garbage, and the heat energy contained in the biomass garbage is not wasted. The utility model has high treatment efficiency, can fully burn and pyrolyze the garbage and is not easy to generate harmful substances such as dioxin and the like. The utility model makes full use of the structure composition in the garbage in the towns and the villages, and is very suitable for being popularized and used in the towns and the villages: the method has the advantages of low construction cost, low operation technical requirement, high treatment efficiency, no consumption of fossil energy, high economic benefit and capability of generating heat energy for heating, supplying hot water or generating electricity.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the tail gas treatment device of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the secondary combustion chamber;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a telescoping grate;

fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a moving grate.

Reference numerals: 1-furnace body shell, 2-biomass pyrolysis furnace, 3-garbage pyrolysis furnace, 4-secondary combustion chamber, 5-ash falling bin, 6-garbage storage bin, 7-quenching heat exchanger, 8-tail gas treatment device, 9-activated carbon absorption bin, 10-connecting pipeline, 201-fire nozzle, 202-internal furnace, 203-flaring combustion hopper, 204-closing-in heat collecting hopper, 205-biomass pushing channel, 206-biomass pushing rod, 207-feeding hopper, 208-blowing port, 301-telescopic grate, 3011-fixed grate, 3012-movable grate, 3013-transverse pushing rod, 501-first isolating door, 601-garbage pushing rod, 602-second isolating door, 801-liquid storage tank, 802-denitration spray chamber, 803-desulfurization spray chamber, 804-discharge pipe.

Detailed Description

The utility model is further illustrated by the following figures and examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the utility model.

Example (b): a waste pyrolysis device for biomass-assisted pyrolysis is shown in figure 1: the biomass pyrolysis furnace comprises a furnace body shell 1, wherein heat insulation bricks can be arranged on the inner side of the furnace body shell 1, a biomass pyrolysis furnace 2 positioned at the bottom and a garbage pyrolysis furnace 3 positioned above the biomass pyrolysis furnace 2 are arranged in the furnace body shell 1; a secondary combustion chamber 4 is arranged between the garbage pyrolysis furnace 3 and the furnace body shell 1, and a flue gas channel communicated to the secondary combustion chamber 4 is arranged on the side wall of the garbage pyrolysis furnace 3; a plurality of telescopic grates 301 which can enable garbage to fall down in a reciprocating manner are arranged in the garbage pyrolysis furnace 3; the top of the biomass pyrolysis furnace 2 is provided with a fire nozzle 201 communicated to the garbage pyrolysis furnace 3. The telescopic grate 301 is provided with an inclination angle of 25-30 degrees. The combustion temperature can be increased by providing a plurality of longitudinal partitions in the secondary combustion chamber to extend the length of the combustion path, as shown in fig. 3.

The structure of the biomass pyrolysis furnace 2 comprises an inner furnace 202, wherein a flaring combustion hopper 203 positioned at the bottom is arranged in the inner furnace 202, a closing-up heat gathering hopper 204 is arranged at the top of the inner furnace 202, and a fire-jet port 201 is arranged at the top of the closing-up heat gathering hopper 204; a biomass pushing channel 205 is arranged on the side wall of the biomass pyrolysis furnace 2, and a biomass pushing rod 206 is arranged in the biomass pushing channel 205; the biomass pushing channel 205 is connected with a feed hopper 207 extending to the outer side of the furnace body shell 1. An upward blowing port 208 is arranged below the flared combustion hopper 203. The side wall of the biomass pyrolysis furnace 2 is provided with a jacket communicated to an air inlet fan, and the inner side of the jacket is provided with an oxygen increasing and blowing port. An ash falling bin 5 is arranged between the biomass pyrolysis furnace 2 and the furnace body shell 1, a bin door communicated to the ash falling bin 5 is arranged on the furnace body shell 1, and a first isolation door 501 is arranged on the upper portion of the ash falling bin 5. The furnace body of the biomass pyrolysis furnace 2 can be designed into a cylinder shape, and the outer side is provided with a heat insulation brick.

The top of the garbage pyrolysis furnace 3 is provided with a garbage storage bin 6, and the lower end of the garbage storage bin 6 is provided with a garbage pushing rod 601. The outer side of the furnace body shell 1 can be provided with a hoisting device (shown by a dotted line frame in fig. 1) for hoisting and storing the garbage in the garbage storage bin 6, and the garbage is pushed into the garbage pyrolysis furnace 2 through the garbage pushing rod 601. The garbage outlet of the garbage storage bin 6 can be provided with a second isolation door 602 to prevent the garbage in the garbage storage bin 6 from being ignited. The side wall of the garbage pyrolysis furnace 3 is provided with a jacket communicated to an air inlet fan, and the inner side of the jacket is provided with an oxygen increasing and blowing port. The structure of the telescopic grate 301 is shown in fig. 4, and comprises a fixed grate 3011 with one end fixed on the side wall of the garbage pyrolysis furnace 3, a chute is arranged on the fixed grate 3011, the front end of the fixed grate 3011 is connected with a movable grate 3012 through the chute, and a horizontal push rod 3013 with a triangular section is arranged on the upper surface of the movable grate 3012, as shown in fig. 5.

The furnace body shell 1 both sides are equipped with vertical setting's rapid cooling heat exchanger 7 and tail gas processing apparatus 8, as shown in fig. 2, the rapid cooling heat exchanger 7 lower extreme is connected to after combustion chamber 4, and the upper end is established and is equipped with active carbon and absorbs storehouse 9, and active carbon absorbs storehouse 9 and links to each other with 8 upper portions of tail gas processing apparatus through connecting tube 10. The tail gas treatment device 8 comprises a liquid storage tank 801 positioned at the bottom, and a desulfurization spray chamber 803 (provided with a sodium hydroxide solution spray header) and a denitration spray chamber 802 (provided with a urea solution spray header) which are vertically arranged above the liquid storage tank 801; the upper end of the denitration spray chamber 802 is connected with the connecting pipeline 10, and the lower end is communicated with the desulfurization spray chamber 803 through a liquid storage tank 801; the top of the desulfurization spray chamber 803 is provided with a discharge pipe 804.

The upper side in the stove of rubbish pyrolysis oven 3 and living beings pyrolysis oven 2 can set up the mouth of blowing for form the air curtain, carry out the separation to the rubbish that wafts.

The specific working principle of the utility model is as follows:

firstly, biomass garbage (waste furniture fragments, wood chips, straws, dried mushroom sticks and the like) with higher heat value is pushed into an inner furnace 202 of a biomass pyrolysis furnace 2 through a biomass pushing channel 205 and a biomass pushing rod 206, the biomass garbage is ignited, then a blowing port 208 blows air upwards to enable the biomass garbage to roll and float in a flaring combustion hopper 203, the temperature in the furnace is raised after the biomass garbage starts to be efficient, a part of the biomass garbage is subjected to pyrolysis reaction, high-temperature gas after combustion is gushed into a garbage pyrolysis furnace 3 in a flame form from a fire nozzle 201 along with pyrolysis gas, and the temperature in the garbage pyrolysis furnace 3 is raised to the temperature required by pyrolysis; in the rubbish storage silo 6 is usually stored to the lower rubbish of calorific value, and utilize rubbish pushing ram 601 slowly to push away rubbish into the telescopic grate 301 of first order, the telescopic grate 301 of first order can be with rubbish transfer to next stage through concertina movement, rubbish is burning and pyrolysis on telescopic grate at different levels, realized stirring again when shifting to next stage at every turn, and down be close to spout fire door 201 more, finally can be burnt out into ash, ashes can fall into the ash bin 5 that falls of below automatically, can set up the transportation dolly in the ash bin that falls, it can to shift out the dolly uninstallation after filling with ashes. The gas that the pyrolysis produced in the garbage pyrolysis furnace 3 and the tail gas of burning get into postcombustion chamber 4 together (tail gas from A mouth business turn over B mouth goes out), carries out high temperature postcombustion (can improve combustion temperature through blast air oxygenation) in the long passageway of postcombustion chamber, and tail gas and gas are after the high temperature postcombustion, and harmful gas is showing and is reducing. The tail gas of postcombustion at first gets into rapid cooling heat exchanger 7 and carries out the heat exchange, and the heat energy that the exchange obtained can be retrieved and recycled, and refrigerated tail gas at first gets into active carbon absorption storehouse 9 and adsorbs, then gets into denitration spray chamber 802 and carries out spraying of urea solution, realizes the denitration, then the flue gas carries out the sodium hydroxide at desulfurization spray chamber 803 from supreme transfer process down and sprays the processing, carries out the desulfurization. The final clean off gas is exhausted through exhaust 804.

Claims

1. Waste pyrolysis device of supplementary pyrolysis of living beings, its characterized in that: the biomass waste incinerator comprises a furnace body shell (1), wherein a biomass pyrolysis furnace (2) positioned at the bottom and a garbage pyrolysis furnace (3) positioned above the biomass pyrolysis furnace (2) are arranged in the furnace body shell (1); a secondary combustion chamber (4) is arranged between the garbage pyrolysis furnace (3) and the furnace body shell (1), and a flue gas channel communicated to the secondary combustion chamber (4) is arranged on the side wall of the garbage pyrolysis furnace (3); a plurality of telescopic grates (301) which can enable garbage to fall down in a reciprocating manner are arranged in the garbage pyrolysis furnace (3); the top of the biomass pyrolysis furnace (2) is provided with a fire-spraying opening (201) communicated to the garbage pyrolysis furnace (3).

2. The apparatus for waste pyrolysis by biomass-assisted pyrolysis of claim 1, wherein: the biomass pyrolysis furnace (2) comprises an inner furnace (202), a flaring combustion hopper (203) positioned at the bottom is arranged in the inner furnace (202), a closing-in heat gathering hopper (204) is arranged at the top of the inner furnace (202), and a fire jet (201) is arranged at the top of the closing-in heat gathering hopper (204); a biomass pushing channel (205) is arranged on the side wall of the biomass pyrolysis furnace (2), and a biomass pushing rod (206) is arranged in the biomass pushing channel (205); the biomass pushing channel (205) is connected with a feed hopper (207) extending to the outer side of the furnace body shell (1).

3. A waste pyrolysis device for biomass assisted pyrolysis according to claim 2, characterized in that: an upward blowing port (208) is arranged below the flaring combustion hopper (203).

4. A waste pyrolysis device for biomass assisted pyrolysis according to claim 2, characterized in that: the side wall of the biomass pyrolysis furnace (2) is provided with a jacket communicated to an air inlet fan, and the inner side of the jacket is provided with an oxygen increasing and blowing port.

5. The apparatus for waste pyrolysis by biomass-assisted pyrolysis of claim 1, wherein: an ash falling bin (5) is arranged between the biomass pyrolysis furnace (2) and the furnace body shell (1), a bin door communicated to the ash falling bin (5) is arranged on the furnace body shell (1), and a first isolation door (501) is arranged on the upper portion of the ash falling bin (5).

6. The apparatus for waste pyrolysis by biomass-assisted pyrolysis of claim 1, wherein: the garbage pyrolysis furnace is characterized in that a garbage storage bin (6) is arranged at the top of the garbage pyrolysis furnace (3), and a garbage pushing rod (601) is arranged at the lower end of the garbage storage bin (6).

7. The apparatus for waste pyrolysis by biomass-assisted pyrolysis of claim 1, wherein: the side wall of the garbage pyrolysis furnace (3) is provided with a jacket communicated to the air inlet fan, and the inner side of the jacket is provided with an oxygen increasing and blowing port.

8. The apparatus for waste pyrolysis by biomass-assisted pyrolysis of claim 1, wherein: the telescopic grate (301) comprises a fixed grate (3011) with one end fixed on the side wall of the garbage pyrolysis furnace (3), a sliding groove is formed in the fixed grate (3011), a movable grate (3012) is connected to the front end of the fixed grate (3011) through the sliding groove, and a transverse push rod (3013) with a triangular cross section is arranged on the upper surface of the movable grate (3012).

9. The apparatus for waste pyrolysis by biomass-assisted pyrolysis of claim 1, wherein: the furnace body shell (1) both sides are equipped with vertical quench heat exchanger (7) and tail gas processing apparatus (8) that set up, quench heat exchanger (7) lower extreme is connected to after combustion room (4), and the upper end is equipped with active carbon and absorbs storehouse (9), and active carbon absorbs storehouse (9) and links to each other with tail gas processing apparatus (8) upper portion through connecting tube (10).

10. A waste pyrolysis device for biomass assisted pyrolysis according to claim 9, characterized in that: the tail gas treatment device (8) comprises a liquid storage tank (801) positioned at the bottom, and a denitration spray chamber (802) and a desulfurization spray chamber (803) in the vertical direction are arranged above the liquid storage tank (801); the upper end of the denitration spray chamber (802) is connected with the connecting pipeline (10), and the lower end of the denitration spray chamber is communicated with the desulfuration spray chamber (803) through the liquid storage tank (801); and a discharge pipe (804) is arranged at the top of the desulfurization spray chamber (803).