CN216919064U - Single-tank fermentation system for treating organic waste - Google Patents
Single-tank fermentation system for treating organic waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN216919064U CN216919064U CN202120764870.1U CN202120764870U CN216919064U CN 216919064 U CN216919064 U CN 216919064U CN 202120764870 U CN202120764870 U CN 202120764870U CN 216919064 U CN216919064 U CN 216919064U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The utility model relates to a single-tank fermentation system for treating organic wastes, which comprises a fermentation device, a fermentation raw material/fermentation strain feeding device, a fermentation device and a pneumatic conveying system. The single-tank fermentation system realizes pneumatic conveying of materials by introducing the rotary feeder and combining the rotary feeder with a pneumatic conveying system, and creates conditions for full-sealed aerobic fermentation; meanwhile, the single-tank fermentation system is additionally provided with the turning system for the aerobic single-tank fermentation system based on the pneumatic conveying system, so that the multi-stage fermentation process can be completed in the same fermentation tank, the turning operation is simplified, the occupied area of the fermentation device is greatly reduced, and the production efficiency is improved. The single-tank fermentation system can realize fully-closed automatic operation, has no pollution in the production process, has short fermentation period, is harmless and thorough, can better deodorize, and can better realize the resource utilization of organic wastes.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of environmental management, and particularly relates to a single-tank fermentation system for treating organic wastes.
Background
Common solid wastes with high organic matter content in various wastes generated by human beings in daily production and life are collectively called as organic wastes and mainly comprise wet wastes, municipal sludge, kitchen wastes, livestock and poultry manure and the like. The organic waste can be subjected to composting treatment and effective utilization to realize harmlessness, reduction and recycling. The traditional aerobic fermentation can kill pathogenic bacteria in the waste liquid to the maximum extent and degrade organic matters, so that the composting technology is gradually popularized. However, most of the traditional aerobic fermentation systems are non-sealing systems, the problems of long fermentation period, large occupied area, heavy turning equipment, low production efficiency, serious pollution, bad smell and the like exist, and the popularization and the use of aerobic composting fermentation are severely restricted by fermentation equipment and a fermentation method.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to provide a single-tank fermentation system for treating organic wastes. The system is adopted to treat organic waste, is convenient to turn and throw, simple to operate, capable of realizing fully-closed automatic operation, free of pollution in the production process, small in occupied area of equipment facilities, low in investment intensity, and applicable to large, medium and small projects.
Therefore, the utility model provides a single-tank fermentation system for treating organic wastes, which comprises a fermentation device, a fermentation raw material/fermentation strain feeding device and a pneumatic conveying system, wherein the fermentation raw material/fermentation strain feeding device is connected with the fermentation device through the pneumatic conveying system.
In some embodiments of the utility model, the pneumatic conveying system comprises a wind source 110 and a main pneumatic conveying pipe P120 connected to the wind source 110; preferably, a pneumatic transmission first butterfly valve BV121 is arranged on a pneumatic transmission main pipeline P120 close to the wind source 110;
the fermentation device comprises a fermentation tank 310, a second rotary feeder 311 and a fermentation product discharge pipeline P312, wherein a bottom discharge port of the fermentation tank 310 is communicated with a pneumatic conveying main pipeline P120 through the second rotary feeder 311 and is connected with the fermentation product discharge pipeline P312 through the second rotary feeder 311 and the pneumatic conveying main pipeline P120; preferably, a pneumatic conveying II butterfly valve BV122 is arranged on the pneumatic conveying main pipe P120 at the upstream end of the II rotary feeder 311, and a discharging ball valve BV312 is arranged on the fermentation product discharging pipe P312;
the fermentation raw material/fermentation strain feeding device comprises a feeding funnel 210, an I-th rotary feeder 211 and a feeding pipeline P212, wherein the feeding funnel 210 is arranged between a wind source 110 and a fermentation tank 310, a discharge hole 218 at the bottom of the feeding funnel is communicated with a pneumatic conveying main pipeline P120 through the I-th rotary feeder 211, and is connected with a feeding hole of the fermentation tank 310 through the I-th rotary feeder 211, the pneumatic conveying main pipeline P120 and the feeding pipeline P212; preferably, a ball feed valve BV212 is provided on the feed pipe P212.
According to the utility model, the single tank fermentation system further comprises a turning system for returning the fermentation material from the bottom outlet 318 of the fermentation tank to the fermentation tank; the turning system comprises a circulating pipeline P313, one end of the circulating pipeline P313 is connected to a pneumatic conveying main pipeline P120 at the upstream end of a discharge ball valve BV312 and is communicated with a discharge hole 318 at the bottom of the fermentation tank through the pneumatic conveying main pipeline P120 and a second rotary feeder 311, and the other end of the circulating pipeline P313 is connected with the upper part of the fermentation tank 310; preferably, a circulation ball valve BV313 is provided on the circulation pipe P313.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the fermentation apparatus further comprises an aeration system comprising an aeration member disposed inside the fermentation tank, a gas distribution member disposed below the outside of the fermentation tank and connected to the aeration member, and an aeration fan (not shown in the figure) connected to the gas distribution member; wherein the gas distribution member comprises a main aeration line 341 connected to the aeration fan, and a plurality of branch aeration lines connected to the main aeration line 341 and arranged to communicate with each other, the branch aeration lines comprising a vertical branch aeration line 342 and a horizontal branch aeration line 343; the aeration component comprises a plurality of vertical aeration pipes 344 uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the radius of the fermentation tank 1/2 and a plurality of cone adherence aeration pipes 345 uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the tank wall of the cone at the bottom of the fermentation tank; the upper end of the vertical aeration pipe 344 is fixed on the top of the tank through a flange 346, and the lower end extends from the cone part at the bottom of the pipe to the outside of the tank to be communicated with the vertical aeration branch pipeline 342 and is connected with an aeration fan through the vertical aeration branch pipeline 342 and the main aeration pipeline 341; the cone adherence aeration pipe 345 is connected with the horizontal aeration branch pipeline 343 through an air inlet interface 347 arranged on the tank wall, and is connected with the aeration fan through the horizontal aeration branch pipeline 343 and the aeration main pipeline 341; the vertical aeration pipe 344 and the cone adherence aeration pipe 345 are provided with air holes 348 at even intervals along the axial direction.
In some embodiments of the utility model, the fermentation device further comprises a vacuum breaking system, wherein the vacuum breaking system comprises a first screw anchor rod JB-1 and a second screw anchor rod JB-2 which are horizontally arranged along a radial direction perpendicular to the diameter at the middle diameter 1/4 and 3/4 of the cone at the bottom of the fermentation tank respectively.
In other embodiments of the present invention, the single-tank fermentation system further comprises a vapor collecting system for recovering water vapor and fermentation metabolic gas, which comprises a vapor absorption tower 410, wherein the lower feed inlet of the vapor absorption tower 410 is connected with the top vapor outlet 314 of the fermentation tank 310 through a vapor pipeline P420; preferably, a moisture butterfly valve BV420 is provided on the moisture pipe P420.
In still other embodiments of the present invention, the single-tank fermentation system further comprises a dust removal system, which comprises a dust remover 510, wherein the dust remover 510 is connected with a dust removal outlet at the top of the fermentation tank 310 through a dust removal pipeline P520; preferably, a dust removal butterfly valve BV520 is disposed on the dust removal pipe P520.
According to the utility model, the fermentation device also comprises a humidity monitoring component, a temperature monitoring component, a pressure monitoring component and a material level monitoring component which are arranged in the fermentation tank; and/or the fermentation raw material/fermentation strain feeding device further comprises a fermentation raw material flow control component and a fermentation strain flow control component.
In the utility model, the interfaces in the single-tank fermentation system are all connected in a sealing way.
The fermentation device provided by the utility model can realize fully-closed automatic operation, is simple to operate, has no pollution in the production process, has a short fermentation period, is harmless and thorough, can better deodorize, and can better realize resource utilization of organic wastes.
Drawings
For the present invention to be readily understood, the following description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a single tank fermentation system for organic waste in the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a side view of a fermentor containing an aeration system according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a side view of a fermentor containing a system for breaking empty according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a top view of a fermentor comprising a system for breaking down air according to the utility model.
Detailed Description
In order that the utility model may be readily understood, a more particular description thereof will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. However, before the utility model is described in detail, it is to be understood that this invention is not limited to particular embodiments described. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can also be used in the practice or testing of the present invention, the preferred methods and materials are now described.
Term of
The term "gas flow section in the pipeline" means that only gas flows in some pipelines and no material flows, so the pipeline is called as a gas flow section, and the gas flow section pipeline can be controlled by a butterfly valve.
The term "upstream" in the present invention means that a position at or near the starting end of the stream in the direction of the stream is referred to as "upstream"; accordingly, a position at or near the end of the physical distribution along the physical distribution direction is referred to as "downstream".
The term "municipal solid waste" as used in the present invention is used interchangeably with "municipal solid waste", "municipal domestic waste" and "domestic waste".
The term "waste" as used in the present invention is used interchangeably with "waste" and "garbage".
The term "recycling" as used herein means that waste is directly used as a raw material or is recycled. Resource utilization is an important content of the recycling economy.
The term "connected" in the present invention means that two devices are connected and communicated with each other, and can be in a connected or closed or disconnected state by throttling or blocking devices.
II, embodiment
As mentioned above, most of the traditional aerobic fermentation systems for composting organic wastes are non-sealing systems, and have the problems of long fermentation period, large floor area, heavy turning equipment, low production efficiency, serious pollution, bad odor and the like, and the popularization and use of aerobic composting fermentation are severely restricted by fermentation equipment and a fermentation method. In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the inventor researches and designs that a rotary feeder is introduced into an aerobic fermentation system and is combined with a pneumatic conveying system, so that conditions are created for realizing full-sealed aerobic fermentation; furthermore, the utility model adds a turning system for the aerobic fermentation system based on the pneumatic conveying system, thereby leading the multi-stage fermentation process to be completed in the same fermentation tank, simplifying the turning operation and greatly improving the production efficiency. The present invention was obtained based on the above-described design.
Therefore, the single-tank fermentation system for treating organic waste according to the present invention is shown in fig. 1, and as can be seen from fig. 1, the single-tank fermentation system comprises a fermentation apparatus, a fermentation material/fermentation strain feeding apparatus and a pneumatic conveying system, wherein the fermentation material/fermentation strain feeding apparatus and the fermentation apparatus are connected by the pneumatic conveying system; the single-tank fermentation system specifically comprises:
the pneumatic transmission system comprises an air source 110 and a pneumatic transmission main pipeline P120 connected with the air source 110, and a pneumatic transmission first butterfly valve BV121 is arranged on the pneumatic transmission main pipeline P120 close to the air source 110.
In the pneumatic conveying system, an air source 110 is used for providing power for conveying fermentation materials, and a pneumatic conveying first butterfly valve BV121 is used for controlling the air volume and the air pressure of an air flow section in a pneumatic conveying main pipeline P120. The system is used for conveying fermentation raw materials, fermentation products and the like in the single-tank fermentation system for treating the organic wastes, thereby creating conditions for realizing the totally-closed whole single-tank fermentation system, simultaneously improving the automatic operation of the whole single-tank fermentation system and further improving the production efficiency.
The wind source 110 in the present invention includes, but is not limited to, a roots blower; the power of the Roots blower is selected according to the length of the pipe and/or the conveying height, for example, the power of the Roots blower is more than or equal to 50kW, preferably more than or equal to 55kW for a conveying pipeline with the length of the pipe being 20 meters and the conveying height being 15 meters.
The fermentation device comprises a fermentation tank 310, a second rotary feeder 311 and a fermentation product discharge pipeline P312, wherein a discharge port 318 at the bottom of the fermentation tank is communicated with a pneumatic conveying main pipeline P120 through the second rotary feeder 311, and is connected with the fermentation product discharge pipeline P312 through the second rotary feeder 311 and the pneumatic conveying main pipeline P120, a pneumatic conveying second butterfly valve BV122 is arranged on the pneumatic conveying main pipeline P120 at the upstream end of the second rotary feeder 311, and a discharge ball valve BV312 is arranged on the fermentation product discharge pipeline P312.
In the fermentation device, the fermentation tank 310 is used for carrying out aerobic fermentation treatment on organic waste, the second rotary feeder 311 is used for uniformly feeding fermentation products or fermentation materials in the fermentation tank 310 into a pneumatic conveying main pipeline P120, a fermentation product discharging pipeline P312 is used for feeding the fermentation products out of the device, a pneumatic conveying second butterfly valve BV122 is used for controlling the air volume and the air pressure of an air flow section in the pneumatic conveying main pipeline P120, and a discharging ball valve BV312 is used for controlling the air volume and the air pressure of the fermentation product discharging section.
When the pneumatic transmission first butterfly valve BV121, the pneumatic transmission second butterfly valve BV122 and the discharging ball valve BV312 on the pneumatic transmission main pipeline P120 are all in an open state, the outlet 318 at the bottom of the fermentation tank 310, the second rotary feeder 311, the pneumatic transmission main pipeline P120 and the fermentation product discharging pipeline P312 form a fermentation product pneumatic transmission discharging channel for sending the fermentation product out of the fermentation device in a pneumatic transmission mode.
The fermentation raw material/fermentation strain feeding device comprises a feeding funnel 210, an I-th rotary feeder 211 and a feeding pipeline P212, wherein the feeding funnel 210 is arranged between an air source 110 and a fermentation tank 310, a bottom discharge port 218 of the feeding funnel is communicated with a main air conveying pipeline P120 through the I-th rotary feeder 211, and is connected with a feeding port 317 of the fermentation tank 310 through the I-th rotary feeder 211, the main air conveying pipeline P120 and the feeding pipeline P212, a feeding ball valve BV212 is arranged on the feeding pipeline P212, and preferably, a feeding ball valve BV212 is arranged on the feeding pipeline P212 close to a joint 131 of the feeding pipeline P212 and the main air conveying pipeline P120.
In the fermentation raw material/fermentation strain feeding device, a feeding funnel 210 is used as a container for loading the fermentation raw material and primarily mixing the fermentation raw material with the material, an I-th rotary feeder 211 is used for uniformly feeding the fermentation raw material/fermentation strain into a pneumatic conveying main pipeline P120, and a feeding ball valve BV212 is used for controlling the air volume and the air pressure of a feeding pipeline P212.
When the pneumatic transmission II butterfly valve BV122 on the pneumatic transmission main pipeline P120 is closed and the pneumatic transmission I butterfly valve BV121 on the pneumatic transmission main pipeline P120 and the feeding ball valve BV212 on the feeding pipeline P212 are opened, the feeding hopper 210, the I rotary feeder 211, the pneumatic transmission main pipeline P120 and the feeding pipeline P212 form a feeding system for feeding the fermentation tank 310.
The single tank fermentation system further comprises a turnover system for returning fermentation material from the fermentor bottom outlet 318 to the fermentor 310; the turning and throwing system comprises a circulating pipeline P313, one end of the circulating pipeline P313 is connected to a pneumatic conveying main pipeline P120 at the upstream end of a discharge ball valve BV312 and is communicated with a discharge hole 318 at the bottom of the fermentation tank through the pneumatic conveying main pipeline P120 and a second rotary feeder 311, the other end of the circulating pipeline P313 is connected with the upper part (316) of the fermentation tank 310, and the circulating pipeline P313 is provided with the circulating ball valve BV 313; preferably, a circulation ball valve BV313 is arranged on the circulation pipe P313 close to the connection 132 of the circulation pipe P313 and the main pneumatic conveying pipe P120.
When the feeding ball valve BV212 and the discharging ball valve BV312 are closed, and simultaneously the pneumatic transmission first butterfly valve BV121, the pneumatic transmission second butterfly valve BV122 and the circulation ball valve BV313 on the circulation pipeline P313 on the pneumatic transmission main pipeline P120 are opened, the second rotary feeder 311, the pneumatic transmission main pipeline P120 and the circulation pipeline P313 which are connected with the bottom discharging port 318 of the fermentation tank form a turning and throwing system which enables the fermentation materials to return to the fermentation tank 310 from the bottom discharging port 318 of the fermentation tank under the pneumatic transmission effect.
When the feeding ball valve BV212 on the feeding pipeline P212 and the circulating ball valve BV313 on the circulating pipeline P313 are closed, and the pneumatic transmission I butterfly valve BV121, the pneumatic transmission II butterfly valve BV122 and the discharging ball valve BV312 on the pneumatic transmission main pipeline P120 are all in an opening state, the fermentation tank bottom discharging port 318, the II rotary feeder 311, the pneumatic transmission main pipeline P120 and the fermentation product discharging pipeline P312 form a fermentation product pneumatic transmission discharging channel, and the fermentation product is sent out of the fermentation device in a pneumatic transmission mode.
The turning and throwing system can be used for turning and throwing all or part of the fermentation materials in the fermentation process, can also realize the completion of multi-stage fermentation in the same fermentation tank, greatly reduces the floor area of the device and simultaneously greatly improves the production efficiency.
The fermentation device also comprises an aeration system, the side view of the fermentation tank containing the aeration system is shown in figure 2, and as can be seen from figure 2, the aeration system comprises an aeration component arranged inside the fermentation tank, a gas distribution component arranged below the outside of the fermentation tank and connected with the aeration component, and an aeration fan connected with the gas distribution component; wherein the gas distribution member comprises a main aeration line 341 connected to the aeration fan, and a plurality of branch aeration lines connected to the main aeration line 341 and arranged to communicate with each other, the branch aeration lines comprising a vertical branch aeration line 342 and a horizontal branch aeration line 343; the aeration means comprises a plurality of vertical aeration pipes 344 evenly distributed along the circumference of the radius of the fermentation tank 1/2 and a plurality of cone adherence aeration pipes 345 evenly distributed along the circumference of the tank wall of the cone at the bottom of the fermentation tank; the upper end of the vertical aeration pipe 344 is fixed on the top of the tank through a flange 346, the lower end extends out of the tank from the cone part at the bottom of the pipe to be communicated with the vertical aeration branch pipeline 342, and is connected with an aeration fan through the vertical aeration branch pipeline 342 and the main aeration pipeline 341; the cone adherence aeration pipe 345 is connected with the horizontal aeration branch pipeline 343 through an air inlet interface 347 arranged on the tank wall, and is connected with the aeration fan through the horizontal aeration branch pipeline 343 and the aeration main pipeline; the vertical aeration pipe 344 and the cone adherence aeration pipe 345 are provided with air holes 348 at even intervals along the axial direction.
The communication manner of the gas distribution members of the aeration system, for example, the vertical aeration branch pipe 342 and the horizontal aeration branch pipe 343, is not particularly limited in the present invention as long as they can communicate with each other through a pipe, and a conventional pipe connection manner can be employed.
The fixing manner of the gas distribution member of the aeration system and the main aeration conduit 341 in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can be stably fixed between the designated positions below the fermentation tank 310, and a conventional pipe fixing manner, for example, a bracket may be used and the gas distribution member of the aeration system may be fixed at the designated positions below the fermentation tank 310 by welding, flange bolt fixing and rivet fixing.
The fermentation device also comprises a vacuum breaking system, the side view and the top view of the fermentation tank containing the vacuum breaking system are respectively shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4, and as can be seen from fig. 3 and fig. 4, the vacuum breaking system comprises a first screw anchor rod JB-1 and a second screw anchor rod JB-2 which are horizontally arranged along the radial direction vertical to the diameter at the middle diameter 1/4 and 3/4 of the cone at the bottom of the fermentation tank respectively. The first screw anchor rod JB-1 and the second screw anchor rod JB-2 can rotate clockwise or anticlockwise (rotate forwards or reversely), when the stockpiling at the bottom of the fermentation tank 310 is blocked or overhead, the first screw anchor rod JB-1 and the second screw anchor rod JB-2 are started to eliminate the blocked or empty segment, so that the fermentation material or the fermentation product smoothly falls into the second rotary feeder 311.
The "middle cone of the fermentation tank bottom" in the present invention refers to the middle area of the cone of the fermentation tank bottom in the vertical direction of the fermentation tank, and does not refer to an absolute middle position, but includes any position in the area from the middle upper part to the middle lower part.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the anchor of the present invention is mounted offset from the vertical and cone-attached aeration tubes of the aeration system.
The fixing mode of the flood dragon anchor rod is not particularly limited, as long as the flood dragon anchor rod can be stably fixed in the middle of the bottom cone of the fermentation tank, and a conventional fixing mode can be adopted, for example, the flood dragon anchor rod can be fixed in the middle of the bottom cone of the fermentation tank in a flange bolt fixing mode and a rivet fixing mode.
In fact, in the case of less severe blockage or void, the blockage or void can also be improved or eliminated by aeration of the aeration system at atmospheric velocity.
The single-tank fermentation system also comprises a water vapor collecting system for recovering water vapor and fermentation metabolic gas, and the water vapor collecting system comprises a water vapor absorption tower 410, wherein a feed inlet at the lower part of the water vapor absorption tower 410 is connected with a water vapor outlet 314 at the top of the fermentation tank 310 through a water vapor pipeline P420, and a water vapor butterfly valve BV420 is arranged on the water vapor pipeline P420; preferably, a water vapor butterfly valve BV420 is provided on the water vapor pipe P420 near the water vapor outlet 314 at the top of the fermentor 310.
The moisture collection system further includes a circulating water pump 430 for supplying water to the moisture absorption tower 410 and a pipe P440.
The fermentation metabolic gas in the utility model comprises one or more of ammonia gas, water vapor, carbon dioxide and a small amount of VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds).
The single-tank fermentation system also comprises a dust removal system which comprises a dust remover 510, wherein the dust remover 510 is connected with a dust removal outlet 315 at the top of the fermentation tank 310 through a dust removal pipeline P520, and a dust removal butterfly valve BV520 is arranged on the dust removal pipeline P520; preferably, a dust removal butterfly valve BV520 is disposed on the dust removal pipe P520 near the top dust removal outlet 315 of the fermentor 310.
The dust collector in the present invention is not particularly limited, and dust collecting equipment conventional in the art may be used, for example, a bag-type dust collector may be used.
When the dust removal butterfly valve BV520 is closed and the water vapor butterfly valve BV420 is opened, water vapor and fermentation metabolic gas generated in the fermentation process can enter the water vapor absorption tower 410 through the water vapor pipeline BV420 and are collected through spray absorption.
In the dust removal system, a dust removal pipeline and a dust remover are respectively used for collecting and treating dust and flying dust in the material conveying process and a small amount of water vapor; when the water vapor butterfly valve BV420 on the water vapor pipeline is closed, the dust removal butterfly valve BV520 is opened, and the water vapor in the fermentation material of the fermentation tank 310 can enter the dust remover 510 through the dust removal pipeline P520 and then is exhausted.
In the utility model, the fermentation raw material/fermentation strain feeding device also comprises a fermentation raw material flow control component and a fermentation strain flow control component. Thus being beneficial to realizing the automatic and accurate proportioning of the fermentation raw materials and the fermentation strains and improving the fermentation efficiency. The fermentation raw material/fermentation strain feeding device is not particularly limited, and can be any intelligent or automatic proportioning feeding device sold in the market or purchased in the market; for example, a solid full-automatic feeding device can be adopted, and the intelligent proportioning feeding of the fermentation raw materials and the fermentation strains can be realized by adjusting or controlling the feeding speed.
In the utility model, the fermentation device also comprises a humidity monitoring component, a temperature monitoring component, a pressure monitoring component and a material level monitoring component which are arranged in the fermentation tank. The end point of fermentation can be accurately judged and controlled by adopting the humidity monitoring component, energy is saved, nutrition of fermentation products can be controlled, the fermentation temperature in the fermentation process can be judged by adopting the temperature detection component, and temperature control is realized by adjusting ventilation volume and material turning/self-circulation.
In some further preferred embodiments of the present invention, the fermentation apparatus further comprises a fermentation switch servo controller for collecting humidity monitoring data in the fermentation tank and generating a control signal for stopping fermentation, wherein the controller can simultaneously control the switch of the relevant butterfly valve and ball valve of the whole single-tank fermentation system.
In still further preferred embodiments of the present invention, the fermentation apparatus further comprises a fermentation aeration control servo controller for collecting monitoring data of the temperature of the fermentation material and generating a control signal for controlling the aeration.
According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, before feeding in fermentation, a sample can be taken to detect the density of the fermentation product, and the feed ratio of the fermentation raw material and the fermentation strain can be calculated based on the density, so that the production cost can be reduced, and the drying efficiency of the fermentation process can be improved.
According to other preferred embodiments of the present invention, during the fermentation process, organic matter content of the fermentation material can be sampled and detected, and whether organic matter needs to be supplemented and the organic matter supplementing amount are determined based on the organic matter content, so that the fermentation efficiency is improved.
According to some embodiments of the utility model, the fermentation product outlet of the fermentation tank is independently connected with the feed inlet of the fermentation raw material/fermentation strain feeding device and the preparation device of the organic fertilizer and/or soil conditioner through the fermentation product conveying pipeline.
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the drawings are only for illustrative or explanatory purposes, for example, although the drawings only show the fermentation product outlet of the fermentation tank and the fermentation material/fermentation strain feeding device, the fermentation product outlet of the fermentation tank is actually connected with the feed inlet of the fermentation material/fermentation strain feeding device through a fermentation product conveying pipeline.
In the utility model, the fermentation device also comprises a pressure monitoring component and a material level monitoring component which are arranged in the fermentation tank.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the fermentation apparatus further comprises a fermenter pressure control servo controller for collecting monitoring data of the pressure in the fermenter and generating a control signal for controlling the steam butterfly valve BV 420.
Preferably, the fermentation apparatus further includes a safety valve 319 disposed at the top of the fermentation tank 310, and when the pressure in the fermentation tank 310 exceeds a predetermined value, the safety valve 319 automatically opens to discharge a part of the gas in the fermentation pipe 310 to the outside of the fermentation tank.
In the present invention, the level detecting means may estimate the amount and the degree of reduction of the material in the tank according to the level.
In the utility model, the interfaces in the single-tank fermentation system are hermetically connected, so that a fully-closed single-tank fermentation system is formed. The sealing connection in the present invention is not particularly limited, and a sealing connection means conventional in the art may be employed.
The utility model also relates to a method for fermenting organic wastes by using the single-tank fermentation system, which can be understood as the application of the single-tank fermentation system in fermenting organic wastes, and comprises the following steps:
(1) dust removal step
Before fermentation treatment, a water vapor butterfly valve BV420 on a water vapor pipeline P420 is closed, a dust removal butterfly valve BV520 on a dust removal pipeline P520 is opened and is in an open state, and dust, raise dust and a small amount of water vapor in the fermentation material conveying process of the fermentation tank 310 are conveyed into a dust remover 510 through the dust removal pipeline P520 and then are emptied.
(2) Fermentation step
Mixing the ith-level fermentation raw material with the ith-level fermentation strain, and then performing ith-level fermentation treatment to obtain an ith-level fermentation waste product, wherein i is the actual fermentation stage number and is a natural number less than or equal to N;
n is the highest fermentation number, n.gtoreq.1, preferably n.gtoreq.2, more preferably N ═ 2-4, even more preferably N ═ 3-4, and most preferably N ═ 3;
the organic waste comprises one or more of domestic waste undersize materials, livestock and poultry manure, municipal sludge and kitchen waste. Preferably, the household garbage undersize is undersize obtained by sieving household garbage by 80 mm.
According to the utility model, the fermentation processes of all stages are completed in the same fermentation tank, and,
when i is 1, the ith-stage fermentation raw material is organic waste, is mixed with ith-stage fermentation strains in a feeding hopper 210, enters a pneumatic conveying main pipeline P120 through an ith rotary feeder 211, and enters a fermentation tank 310 through a feeding pipeline P212 for the 1 st-stage fermentation treatment;
when i is more than 1 and less than or equal to N, the i-th level fermentation raw material is an i-1-th level fermentation product, and the i-th level fermentation product enters the fermentation tank 310 again through the turning and throwing system to perform i-th level fermentation treatment;
when i is more than or equal to 1 and less than N, the i-th level fermentation product is used as the i + 1-th level fermentation raw material and enters the fermentation tank 310 again through the turning and throwing system to perform the i + 1-th level fermentation treatment;
when i is equal to N, the ith-stage fermentation product enters the pneumatic conveying main pipe P210 through the II-stage rotary feeder 311, enters the storage tank through the fermentation product discharging pipe P312 or is packaged.
According to the method, in the i-stage fermentation process, the fermentation material is wholly or partially turned by the turning system.
It is easy to understand that the turning and throwing system of the utility model can be used for turning and throwing all or part of the fermentation materials in the fermentation process, and can also realize the completion of multi-stage fermentation in the same fermentation tank, thereby greatly reducing the floor area of the device and simultaneously greatly improving the production efficiency.
When the stockpile at the bottom of the fermentation tank 310 is blocked or overhead, the screw anchor bolt I JB-1 and the screw anchor bolt II JB-2 are started to eliminate the blockage or overhead, so that the fermentation material or the fermentation product smoothly falls into the second rotary feeder 311.
(3) Collecting process of water vapor and fermentation metabolic gas
In the fermentation process, the dust removal butterfly valve BV520 on the dust removal pipeline P520 is closed, the water vapor butterfly valve BV420 on the water vapor pipeline P420 is opened and is in an open state, and water vapor and fermentation metabolic gas generated in the fermentation process are sent into the water vapor absorption tower 410 through the water vapor pipeline P420 to be collected through spray absorption.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the water vapor and fermentation metabolic gas collection process of the present invention is carried out during fermentation, i.e., at a stage after the start and before the end of fermentation.
The treatment capacity of the single-tank fermentation system for treating the organic waste is 180-300 tons/day. The throughput can be increased by arranging them in parallel.
The fermentation product prepared by the device and the method meets the requirements of agricultural industry standard NY525-2012 of organic fertilizers in China. Can be used as soil conditioner and/or fertilizer.
III example
The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to specific examples. The experimental methods described below are, unless otherwise specified, all routine laboratory procedures. The experimental materials described below, unless otherwise specified, are commercially available.
The following examples were conducted to ferment organic wastes using the above-described single-tank fermentation system of the present invention, and the treatment amount per fermentation tank was 180 tons/day. The fermentation time of each batch of materials is 15 days, 15 sets of single-tank fermentation systems are used in parallel, and the feeding is exactly corresponding to one set of fermentation treatment system every day.
The raw material is chicken manure (livestock manure); the auxiliary materials are straw powder, rice hulls and the like; the strain is BM strain (commercially available).
Fermentation system main equipment parameters:
the Roots blower 110 has the power of 55kW, the pressure of 40Kpa and the air volume of 38.6m3/min；
The volume of the feed hopper 210 is 9m3Oblique angle 45 °;
the power of the first rotary feeder 211 is 2.2kW, and the feeding amount is 40 t/h;
The power of the second rotary feeder 311 is 5.5kW, and the blanking amount is 60 t/h;
tail gas absorption tower 410 volume 400L, barrel
Step ring packing with height of 6m
Spray pipe
The power of the circulating water pump 430 is 2.2kW, and the flow rate is 15m3H, the head is 22 m;
the power of the dust remover is 510 kW, and the maximum processing air volume is 60000m3/h；
Feeding pipeline
Dust removal pipeline
Tail gas pipe (Water vapor pipe)
Circulation pipeline
Discharge pipeline
Example 1:
1. feeding of the feedstock
And closing a pneumatic transmission II butterfly valve BV122 on the pneumatic transmission main pipeline P120, simultaneously opening a pneumatic transmission I butterfly valve BV121 on the pneumatic transmission main pipeline P120 and a feeding ball valve BV212 on a feeding pipeline P212, opening an I rotary feeder 211, and forming a feeding system for feeding the fermentation tank by the feeding hopper 210, the I rotary feeder 211, the pneumatic transmission main pipeline P120 and the feeding pipeline P212.
The fermentation raw materials and the auxiliary materials are mixed in a feeding hopper 210 according to the volume ratio (1-2) to 1, the adding amount of fermentation strains is 1wt per mill of the total weight of the fermentation raw materials and the auxiliary materials, the fermentation strains enter a pneumatic conveying main pipeline P120 through a rotary feeder 211, and then the fermentation strains are pneumatically conveyed into a fermentation tank 310 through a conveying pipeline P212.
2. Fermentation treatment
(1) Dust removal process
The fermentation raw material naturally falls down from the top of the fermentation tank 310 to be stacked.
Before fermentation treatment, a water vapor butterfly valve BV420 on a water vapor pipeline P420 is closed, a dust removal butterfly valve BV520 on a dust removal pipeline P520 is opened and is in an open state, and dust, raise dust and a small amount of water vapor in the fermentation material conveying process of the fermentation tank 310 enter the P520 dust removal pipeline along with pneumatically conveyed gas, and are discharged after passing through a bag-type dust remover 510.
(2) Fermentation step
And opening an aeration gas source switch, and continuously supplying gas to the fermentation tank through an aeration pipe arranged in the fermentation tank 310 in the fermentation process.
In the fermentation process, a feeding ball valve BV212 on a feeding pipeline P212 is closed, a discharging ball valve BV312 on a discharging pipeline P312 is closed, a pneumatic transmission first butterfly valve BV121 on a pneumatic transmission main pipeline P120 is opened, a pneumatic transmission first butterfly valve BV122 and a circulating ball valve BV313 on a circulating pipeline are opened, a 110 air source is started, a second rotary feeder 311 is started, the fermentation materials in the fermentation tank 310 are conveyed from a tank bottom outlet 318 through the second rotary feeder 311, the pneumatic transmission main pipeline P120 and the circulating pipeline P313 to the tank again for turning and throwing.
The fermentation time of each batch of materials in the tank is 15 days, and the three stages are totally divided. In the first stage, the temperature of the fermented materials is rapidly increased to 80 ℃, and the first self-circulation is carried out when the temperature of the pile body reaches 80 ℃, namely, the first self-circulation is carried out on the 3 rd day; in the second stage, the temperature of the stack is increased to 80-100 ℃ for continuous fermentation, and a second self-circulation (relative to the first self-circulation in the first stage) is carried out after the temperature is more than 80 ℃ for 5 days, and the self-circulation is carried out respectively on the 6 th day, the 8 th day and the 10 th day; in the third stage, self-circulation is performed once a day, namely, self-circulation is performed once on days 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 respectively, and the water content is reduced through multiple times of material self-circulation. The material in each cycle was 100% of the total material.
After fermentation is finished, closing a feeding ball valve BV212 on a feeding pipeline P212, and closing a circulating ball valve BV313 on a circulating pipeline P313; meanwhile, the first pneumatic transmission butterfly valve BV121 and the second pneumatic transmission butterfly valve BV122 on the main pneumatic transmission pipeline P120 and the discharge ball valve BV312 on the discharge pipeline P312 are opened, the second rotary feeder 311 is started, and the fermentation product is uniformly fed into the main pneumatic transmission pipeline P120 through the second rotary feeder 311 and enters a storage unit (not shown in the figure) through the main pneumatic transmission pipeline P120 and the discharge pipeline P312.
When the stockpile at the bottom of the fermentation tank 310 is blocked or overhead, the first screw anchor JB-1 and the second screw anchor JB-2 are started, so that the fermentation material or the fermentation product smoothly falls into the second rotary feeder 311.
(3) Collecting process of water vapor and fermentation metabolic gas
In the fermentation process, the dust removal butterfly valve BV520 on the dust removal pipeline P520 is closed, the water vapor butterfly valve BV420 on the water vapor pipeline P420 is opened and is in an open state, and water vapor and fermentation metabolic gas generated in the fermentation process are sent into the water vapor absorption tower 410 through the water vapor pipeline P420 and are collected through spray absorption.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only for explaining the present invention, and do not constitute any limitation to the present invention. The present invention has been described in relation to an exemplary embodiment, and it is understood that the words which have been used herein are words of description and illustration, rather than words of limitation. The utility model can be modified, as prescribed, within the scope of the claims and without departing from the scope and spirit of the utility model. Although the utility model has been described herein with reference to particular means, materials and embodiments, the utility model is not intended to be limited to the particulars disclosed herein, but rather extends to all other methods and applications having the same functionality.
Claims (8)
1. A single-tank fermentation system for treating organic waste comprises a fermentation device, a fermentation raw material/fermentation strain feeding device and a pneumatic conveying system, wherein the fermentation raw material/fermentation strain feeding device is connected with the fermentation device through the pneumatic conveying system;
the pneumatic conveying system comprises a wind source (110) and a pneumatic conveying main pipeline (P120) connected with the wind source (110); a pneumatic transmission I butterfly valve (BV121) is arranged on a pneumatic transmission main pipeline (P120) close to the wind source (110);
the fermentation device comprises a fermentation tank (310), a second rotary feeder (311) and a fermentation product discharge pipeline (P312), wherein a discharge hole (318) at the bottom of the fermentation tank is communicated with the pneumatic conveying main pipeline (P120) through the second rotary feeder (311) and is connected with the fermentation product discharge pipeline (P312) through the second rotary feeder (311) and the pneumatic conveying main pipeline (P120); a pneumatic conveying II butterfly valve (BV122) is arranged on the pneumatic conveying main pipeline (P120) at the upstream end of the II rotary feeder (311), and a discharging ball valve (BV312) is arranged on the fermentation product discharging pipeline (P312);
the fermentation raw material/fermentation strain feeding device comprises a feeding funnel (210), an I-th rotary feeder (211) and a feeding pipeline (P212), wherein the feeding funnel (210) is arranged between an air source (110) and a fermentation tank (310), a discharge hole (218) at the bottom of the feeding funnel is communicated with a pneumatic conveying main pipeline (P120) through the I-th rotary feeder (211), and is connected with a feeding hole (317) of the fermentation tank (310) through the I-th rotary feeder (211), the pneumatic conveying main pipeline (P120) and the feeding pipeline (P212); a feeding ball valve (BV212) is arranged on the feeding pipeline (P212).
2. The single-tank fermentation system of claim 1, further comprising a turnover system for returning fermentation material from the fermentor bottom outlet (318) to the fermentor (310); the turning and throwing system comprises a circulating pipeline (P313), one end of the circulating pipeline (P313) is connected to a pneumatic conveying main pipeline (P120) at the upstream end of a discharging ball valve (BV312) and is communicated with a discharging port (318) at the bottom of the fermentation tank through the pneumatic conveying main pipeline (P120) and a second rotary feeder (311), and the other end of the circulating pipeline (P313) is connected with the upper part of the fermentation tank (310); a circulation ball valve (BV313) is arranged on the circulation pipeline (P313).
3. The single tank fermentation system of claim 1, wherein the fermentation apparatus further comprises an aeration system comprising an aeration member disposed inside the fermentation tank, a gas distribution member disposed below the exterior of the fermentation tank and connected to the aeration member, and an aeration fan connected to the gas distribution member; wherein the gas distribution member comprises a main aeration pipeline (341) connected with the aeration fan, and a plurality of branch aeration pipelines which are connected with the main aeration pipeline (341) and communicated with each other, wherein the branch aeration pipelines comprise a vertical branch aeration pipeline (342) and a horizontal branch aeration pipeline (343); the aeration component comprises a plurality of vertical aeration pipes (344) which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the radius of the fermentation tank 1/2 and a plurality of cone adherence aeration pipes (345) which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the tank wall of the cone at the bottom of the fermentation tank; the upper end of the vertical aeration pipe (344) is fixed on the top of the tank through a flange (346), the lower end of the vertical aeration pipe extends out of the tank from the cone part at the bottom of the pipe to be communicated with a vertical aeration branch pipeline (342), and is connected with an aeration fan through the vertical aeration branch pipeline (342) and an aeration main pipeline (341); the cone adherence aeration pipe (345) is connected with the horizontal aeration branch pipeline (343) through an air inlet interface (347) arranged on the tank wall, and is connected with the aeration fan through the horizontal aeration branch pipeline (343) and the aeration main pipeline; the vertical aeration pipe (344) and the cone adherence aeration pipe (345) are both provided with air holes (348) at even intervals along the axial direction.
4. The single-tank fermentation system of claim 1, wherein the fermentation apparatus further comprises a vacuum breaking system, and the vacuum breaking system comprises a first screw anchor rod (JB-1) and a second screw anchor rod (JB-2) which are horizontally arranged along a radial direction perpendicular to the diameter at the middle diameter 1/4 and 3/4 of the cone at the bottom of the fermentation tank respectively.
5. The single tank fermentation system of claim 1,
the single-tank fermentation system also comprises a water vapor collecting system for recovering water vapor and fermentation metabolic gas, and the water vapor collecting system comprises a water vapor absorption tower (410), wherein a feed inlet at the lower part of the water vapor absorption tower (410) is connected with a water vapor outlet (314) at the top of the fermentation tank (310) through a water vapor pipeline (P420); a water vapor butterfly valve (BV420) is arranged on the water vapor pipeline (P420);
and/or the single-tank fermentation system further comprises a dust removal system, wherein the dust removal system comprises a dust remover (510), and the dust remover (510) is connected with a dust removal outlet (315) at the top of the fermentation tank (310) through a dust removal pipeline (P520); a dust removal butterfly valve (BV520) is arranged on the dust removal pipeline (P520).
6. The single tank fermentation system of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the fermentation apparatus further comprises a humidity monitoring means, a temperature monitoring means, a pressure monitoring means and a level monitoring means disposed within the fermentation tank; and/or the fermentation raw material/fermentation strain feeding device further comprises a fermentation raw material flow control component and a fermentation strain flow control component.
7. The single-tank fermentation system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the interfaces of the single-tank fermentation system are hermetically connected.
8. The single-tank fermentation system of claim 6, wherein the interfaces of the single-tank fermentation system are all connected in a sealing manner.
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