CN216898575U - Charging means of tunnel all ring edge eye presplitting blasting - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the field of blasting, and particularly discloses a charging device for roadway periphery hole presplitting blasting. The presplitting blasting method adopting the spaced loading of the confined water and the air column is provided based on the confined water blasting effect principle, and has positive significance for ensuring the realization of peripheral eye smooth blasting, improving the forming effect of hard rock roadways, controlling the loading cost and ensuring the safe production.

Description

Charging means of tunnel all ring edge eye presplitting blasting

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the field of blasting, and particularly relates to a blasting method for rock roadways, tunnels and the like in a coal mine.

Background

At present, the drilling and blasting method is mainly used for tunneling the rock roadway of the underground coal mine, and the method has the advantages of strong adaptability, high reliability, controllable cost and the like. The arrangement mode of blasting blastholes by the drilling and blasting method is mainly divided into a cut hole, an auxiliary hole and peripheral holes, wherein the peripheral holes are arranged around an excavation section, the hole bottoms are all located on the same plane, and the blastholes are mainly used for controlling excavation profiles and roadway section molding. The peripheral holes for rock roadway excavation generally adopt a straight hole bottom charging structure, and the soft rock roadway can adopt the technologies of directional joint-cutting presplitting blasting and the like, so that smooth blasting of the roadway is realized, and the roadway molding is controlled. The explosive loading structure can enable the explosive energy to be directionally transmitted in the pre-splitting direction, reduces the impact pressure of explosion on surrounding rocks, but for ultra-hard rocks (with the Poulper coefficient of more than 10), the explosive loading is remarkably improved, the blasting vibration effect is more severe, and the surrounding rocks are seriously damaged.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims to provide a charging device for presplitting blasting of roadway peripheral holes, which is based on the principle of blasting action of confined water and adopts a presplitting blasting method of spaced charging of confined water and an air column, and has positive significance for ensuring smooth blasting of the peripheral holes, improving the forming effect of hard rock roadway, controlling charging cost and ensuring safe production.

The technical scheme includes that the charging device for roadway periphery hole presplitting blasting is characterized in that the charging device is a shock insulation energy-gathering pipe, the middle of the shock insulation energy-gathering pipe is inwards sunken to form an energy-gathering groove, a top cover plate is arranged at the upper end of the shock insulation energy-gathering pipe, a bottom cover plate is arranged at the lower end of the shock insulation energy-gathering pipe, an explosive package and an air column in the shock insulation energy-gathering pipe are designed at intervals, a circle of pressure-bearing water medium is arranged around the explosive package, and a saw dust interval package is arranged between the explosive package and the air column; when underground blasting is actually carried out, the shock insulation and energy collection pipe needs to be assembled.

Further, the two explosive charges are spaced apart by a distance no greater than the sympathetic detonation distance of the charge in the blasthole.

Furthermore, the direction of the energy collecting grooves of the shock insulation energy collecting pipe is consistent with the profile line of the section of the roadway.

Furthermore, when the shock insulation energy collecting pipe is assembled, a hole wall protective shell is covered on the side close to the roadway wall, so that the stability of the surrounding rock of the roadway wall is further protected.

The present invention has the following advantageous effects

1. The directional energy-gathering tube structure provided by the utility model realizes directional energy-gathering blasting through directional joint cutting and pre-splitting, and ensures that explosive energy is concentrated on a fracture surface for roadway profile forming.

2. The peripheral holes of the utility model are charged by energy-collecting pipes, and the direction of the energy-collecting grooves is consistent with the contour line of the section of the roadway. Through directional presplitting, realize blasting shock insulation and shock attenuation, reduce the damage degree of country rock, improve tunnel stability.

3. The utility model adopts the air column spaced charging method, under certain rock and explosive conditions, the uniformity of explosive load distribution along blast holes can be increased, the energy is uniformly released along the drilling hole in the tunneling direction, and the smooth blasting effect reaches the best.

4. Pressurized water promotes pre-splitting effect of blasting cutting seam

On the basis of directional and centralized release of energy along the contour line of the section of the roadway and uniform release along the length of the driving face, a circle of special pressure-bearing water medium is arranged around the explosive, and a high-pressure water-gas mixture formed by mixing action of pressure-bearing water around the explosive can promote further expansion of explosive products along explosive cracks.

Drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the blasting arrangement of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a seismic isolation concentrator tube of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram of a peripheral eye bore layout.

The reference numbers illustrate: the device comprises a shock insulation and energy collection pipe 1, a pressure-bearing water body medium 2, an air column 3, a sawdust space bag 4, an explosive bag 5, a top cover plate 6, a bottom cover plate 7, an energy collection groove 8 and a hole wall protection shell 9.

Detailed Description

The technical contents of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in figure 1, the peripheral hole of the shock-insulation energy-accumulation type explosive gun is filled with the explosive by adopting a shock-insulation energy-accumulation pipe 1, the upper end of the shock-insulation energy-accumulation pipe 1 is provided with a top cover plate 6, the lower end of the shock-insulation energy-accumulation pipe is provided with a bottom cover plate 7, explosive packages 5 in the shock-insulation energy-accumulation pipe and an air column 3 are designed at intervals, and the interval distance between the two explosive packages 5 is generally not greater than the sympathetic explosion distance of the explosive in the blast hole. A circle of pressure-bearing water body medium 2 is arranged around the explosive bag 5, and a high-pressure water-gas mixture formed by the mixing action of pressure-bearing water around the explosive bag after explosion can promote explosive products to further expand along the explosive cracks, so that the forming effect of a roadway can be improved, and the disturbance action of the explosion on surrounding rocks can be controlled on the premise of certain explosive charging distance and explosive charging of surrounding holes.

A sawdust spacer bag 4 is arranged between the explosive bag 5 and the air column 3, and due to the low density and high porosity of the sawdust spacer bag, a good cushioning effect can be achieved, and meanwhile, the material cannot react with the explosive to influence the blasting effect.

As shown in figure 2, the middle part of the shock insulation energy collecting pipe 1 is inwards sunken to form an energy collecting groove 8, the energy collecting groove plays a directional role, after impact waves generated by explosive explosion impact the wall of the gun hole according to a preset direction, shatter cracks to the maximum length, and meanwhile, the generated explosive gas continues to expand the cracks to push the cracks to continue to expand.

The energy-gathered stretching blasting realizes the directional fracture of the rock through the energy gathering effect of an energy gathering device. When the peripheral holes are charged, the cartridge is firstly loaded into the energy collecting device according to the designed charging structure, then the energy collecting device is sent into the blast hole, so that the energy collecting direction is consistent with the fracture control direction (as shown in the groove direction of figure 2), and the blast hole is blocked. When the explosive is detonated, the energy gathering device can generate instantaneous inhibition and guiding effects on the early detonation products. The detonation products are preferentially released from the energy-gathering holes of the device in a pressure relief manner, high energy flow is formed at each energy-gathering hole and acts on the corresponding blast hole wall in a concentrated manner, and a plastic crushing area and a radial initial crack are preferentially generated in the control direction. High-temperature, high-pressure and high-speed gas and confined water generated by detonation still preferentially act on the hole wall corresponding to the energy gathering direction after stress waves, and then flow into the radial initial cracks to generate the water-gas wedge effect. When the stress intensity factor at the crack tip exceeds the fracture toughness of the rock, the crack destabilizes, driving the crack to propagate. Thereby continuously providing a new free surface for the subsequent compression stress wave. The compression stress wave is converted into a tensile wave through the reflection of a free surface; therefore, tensile stress concentration occurs in the propagation direction of the vertical crack, and the crack propagation is accelerated. In the whole blasting process, the process is continuously carried out in a reciprocating mode until the explosive in the blast hole is exhausted, and the final result is that the rock body is subjected to tension cracking along the set direction.

In the non-set direction, the energy-gathering device has certain thickness and strength, so that the energy-gathering device has instant buffering and inhibiting effects on detonation products, and the detonation products are preferentially unloaded from the energy-gathering holes; the stress in the blast hole drops sharply. Meanwhile, a small part of stress waves transmitted through the wall of the device also pass through the annular space between the device and the blast hole wall and then act on the hole wall, so that the direct action and the damage degree of detonation products on the hole wall are greatly reduced, the development of cracks is inhibited, and the integrity of surrounding rocks is protected. When two or more bidirectional shaped charge blast holes are detonated simultaneously, superposed stress fields are generated among the blast holes.

The explosive charging structure determines the energy distribution after the explosive is detonated, and has important influence on the explosion effect. In the axial direction, the air column spaced charging method is adopted, under the determined rock strength and charging conditions, the uniformity of explosive load distribution along blast holes can be increased, energy is uniformly released along the drilling direction, the action process of detonation shock waves on media is changed, the utilization rate of explosive energy is improved, the blasting action is controlled, the explosive unit consumption is reduced, the blasting effect is improved, and the smooth blasting effect is optimal. Meanwhile, the air column spaced charging method has obvious influence on the rock lumpiness, the blasting shape and the rock mass throwing distance, the air layer proportion has obvious influence on the blasting effect, the rock breaking mode changes along with the increase of the air ratio, when the air ratio is 40%, the rock breaking mechanism is converted from compression shear to tensile damage, better lumpiness grading is achieved, a reasonable air ratio is shown, the explosion energy utilization rate is improved, the rock mass throwing distance is reduced, the rock mass is prevented from damaging drilling machinery and an anchor net, a large amount of time is saved for roadway support, and the construction safety is also improved.

As shown in fig. 2, when the underground blasting is actually carried out, the shock insulation energy collecting pipes need to be assembled according to actual conditions, when the shock insulation energy collecting pipes are assembled, the energy collecting grooves 8 of the shock insulation energy collecting pipes are kept consistent with the direction of the contour line of the section of the roadway, in a non-set direction, as the energy collecting devices have certain thickness and strength, the shock insulation energy collecting pipes have instant buffering and inhibiting effects on detonation products, but still have certain damage on the hole wall, therefore, a hole wall protective shell 9 is additionally covered on the side close to the roadway wall, and the integrity of surrounding rocks is greatly protected.

After the shock insulation and energy accumulation pipes are assembled, the electric detonator and the detonating cord are bound together and inserted into the energy accumulation pipes, and the energy accumulation holes of the electric detonator face to the eye openings. And (5) feeding the shock insulation and energy collection pipe into the hole bottom, sealing the hole and tamping the hole by using a gun. And leading the detonating cord out of the hole about 10cm for connection to prepare for detonation.

In the prior art, the rock damage of peripheral holes is serious due to overhigh medicine loading of the peripheral holes, and the overexcavation and the uneven forming of roadway sections are caused. As shown in figure 3, the utility model arranges the blastholes in the peripheral holes, the number of the blastholes is greatly reduced compared with the prior art, the reduction of the number of the blastholes shows the reduction of the density of the blastholes, and the explosive is saved.

Claims (4)

1. A charging device for roadway periphery hole presplitting blasting is characterized in that the charging device is a shock insulation energy-collecting pipe (1), the middle of the shock insulation energy-collecting pipe (1) is inwards sunken to form an energy-collecting groove (8), a top cover plate (6) is arranged at the upper end of the shock insulation energy-collecting pipe (1), a bottom cover plate (7) is arranged at the lower end of the shock insulation energy-collecting pipe, an explosive bag (5) and an air column (3) in the shock insulation energy-collecting pipe are designed at intervals, a circle of pressure-bearing water medium (2) is arranged around the explosive bag (5), and a sawdust interval bag (4) is arranged between the explosive bag (5) and the air column (3); when underground blasting is actually carried out, the shock insulation and energy collection pipe needs to be assembled.

2. A charging means for a pre-split blast in a hole around a roadway as in claim 1 wherein the two charges (5) are spaced apart by a distance no greater than the sympathetic detonation distance of the said charge in the blasthole.

3. The charging device for the presplitting blasting of the holes at the periphery of the roadway as claimed in claim 1, wherein the direction of the energy-collecting grooves (8) of the shock-insulation energy-collecting pipes is consistent with the contour line of the section of the roadway.

4. The charging device for the pre-splitting blasting of the surrounding holes of the roadway according to claim 1, wherein a hole wall protective shell (9) is additionally covered on the side close to the roadway wall when the shock-insulation energy-gathering pipe is assembled, so that the stability of surrounding rock of the roadway wall is further protected.

Images