CN216894633U

CN216894633U - Nuclear energy and garbage gasification gas and steam combined cycle electricity and water cogeneration system

Info

Publication number: CN216894633U
Application number: CN202122559864.5U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 武浩然; 李童宇; 赵欣悦; 陈衡; 徐钢
Original assignee: North China Electric Power University
Current assignee: North China Electric Power University
Priority date: 2021-10-25
Filing date: 2021-10-25
Publication date: 2022-07-05
Anticipated expiration: 2031-10-25

Abstract

The utility model belongs to a fuel gas and steam combined cycle electricity and water cogeneration system for gasifying nuclear energy and garbage. The system mainly comprises a plasma gasification part, a fuel gas and steam combined cycle power generation part and a seawater desalination part. The plasma gasification system comprises a plasma gasification furnace, a synthesis gas cooler, a desulfurization device and the like. The gas-steam combined cycle power generation system comprises a gas compressor, a combustion chamber, a gas turbine, a No. 1 power generator, a No. 1 waste heat boiler, a nuclear steam generator, a steam turbine, a heater, a deaerator, a feed water pump, a No. 2 power generator, a No. 3 waste heat boiler and the like. The seawater desalination system mainly comprises a 2# waste heat boiler, a seawater desalination device and the like. The exhaust steam of the gas turbine is used as a partial heat source of the nuclear power unit, so that the temperature of the main steam is increased, and the output work of the steam turbine is increased. And (4) using the exhaust steam of the steam turbine as a heat source for seawater desalination to carry out seawater desalination. The system realizes the cascade utilization of energy by reasonably recovering the waste heat of the gas turbine and the steam turbine, and improves the energy utilization efficiency of the system.

Description

Nuclear energy and garbage gasification gas and steam combined cycle electricity and water cogeneration system

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of power generation and power generation waste heat utilization, and particularly relates to a fuel gas and steam combined cycle electricity and water cogeneration system for nuclear energy and garbage gasification.

Background

Nuclear power modularization and small stacks are also the future development trend. The module small reactor has high parameters, and can meet the heat energy parameter requirements required by various purposes such as nuclear power generation, industrial process heat supply, urban area heat supply, seawater desalination and the like. The international agency for atomic energy (IAEA) defines a "small advanced modular multi-purpose reactor (small pile)" as a reactor below 30 million kilowatts. Compared with a large reactor, the small reactor adopts an integrated and modularized design mode and combines the characteristic of high safety, so that the small reactor has good environmental adaptability and site selection advantage. The small piles can be built around densely populated areas and are close to users, and multiple energy requirements such as cogeneration, distributed power supply and the like are supplied. Meanwhile, the research and development of the offshore small piles can supply energy for offshore oil and gas field exploitation, island development and the like, and thirteen-five planning focused small pile development of nuclear power icebreakers and nuclear power commercial ships can be developed, so that the domestic small pile technology is rapidly developed. The policy of China strongly supports the development of small-heap technology. The ' thirteen-five ' planning of energy development ' requires that in the aspect of nuclear power construction, a ' three-step walking ' technical route of a thermal reactor, a fast reactor and a fusion reactor is adhered to, and new technologies such as a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor, a commercial fast reactor and a small reactor are actively developed mainly based on a million kilowatt-level advanced pressurized water reactor; the power development 'thirteen five' plan proposes to develop advanced nuclear energy technology research and development of small intelligent reactors, commercial fast reactors, molten salt reactors and the like; the energy technology innovation 'thirteen five' plan also shows that the demonstration engineering of building the modular small reactor and the low-temperature heat supply reactor is brought into the demonstration experiment class for key development. The main technical route of the small heap of China is ACP100 developed by China Nuclear industry group company. In order to combine with the marine environment, the ACP100S and the ACP25S which adopt measures such as a steel containment vessel, a long-life rod control reactor core and the sea surface of the reactor are pushed out successively. ACP100S and ACP25S can ensure that the refueling period exceeds two years, passive waste heat is led out in accidents, and the reactor is absolutely safe. At present, the ACP100S large-scale offshore nuclear power floating platform demonstration project in China is built by beginning in Jiaodong. The platform comprises 2 large-scale offshore floating nuclear power station systems, each system adopts double-reactor arrangement, a single reactor has 12.5 ten thousand kilowatts, the total power generation amount can reach 30 ten thousand kilowatts, 1000 ten thousand tons of fresh water and 200 tons of strong brine can be supplied with about 4000 ten thousand kilowatts and 1600 ten thousand tons of high-temperature steam every year, and 500 ten thousand tons of coal consumption can be reduced every year.

Plasma gasification refers to a latest technology for gasifying garbage in a plasma gasification furnace by a plasma technology, a high-energy thermal environment is manufactured by using plasma electric arc generated by a plasma igniter, a plasma gasification agent with a proper proportion is introduced, a series of complex chemical reactions occur in the garbage in the thermal environment of a plasma active state, and a main component H is generated₂And the combustible gas of the CO has the advantages of high purity and cleanness. Plasma gasification has proven to be one of the most efficient and environmentally friendly methods for solid waste treatment and energy utilization, and plasma technology is currently widely used in the fields of machining, metallurgy, chemical engineering, etc., and research on plasma gasification technology is also being conducted in the field of solid waste treatmentThe waste heat utilization parts of the small-pile nuclear power generation and the garbage plasma gasification power generation are coupled, so that the small-pile nuclear power generation efficiency can be improved.

Disclosure of Invention

According to the characteristics of a small reactor nuclear power generating set and plasma gasification garbage power generation introduced in the technical background, the utility model provides a fuel gas and steam combined cycle electricity-water cogeneration system for nuclear energy and garbage gasification, which starts from the current energy utilization situation of China and comprehensively considers the rule and method of efficient energy utilization, and relates to a garbage plasma gasification technology, a small reactor nuclear power generating technology, a fuel gas and steam combined cycle technology and a seawater desalination technology.

A nuclear energy and garbage gasification gas-steam combined cycle electricity-water cogeneration system mainly comprises a garbage plasma gasification and purification system, a seawater desalination technology and a gas-steam combined cycle system, wherein a small pile of nuclear power steam parameters are improved by utilizing the waste heat of high-temperature flue gas behind a gas turbine, then the water supply temperature is increased, a heat source is provided for seawater desalination by utilizing small pile of nuclear power exhaust steam, and the integral heat efficiency is improved.

The plasma garbage gasification system comprises a plasma gasification furnace, a synthesis gas cooler and a desulfurization device; the main devices of the gas-steam combined cycle power generation system are as follows: the system comprises a gas compressor, a combustion chamber, a gas turbine, a 1# generator, a 1# waste heat boiler, a nuclear steam generator, a steam turbine, a 2# generator, a 2# waste heat boiler, a 1# water feeding pump, a 2# water feeding pump, a high-pressure heater, a low-pressure heater, a deaerator and a 3# waste heat boiler; the seawater desalination system comprises a seawater desalination device.

The device comprises a plasma gasification furnace, a gas turbine, a waste heat boiler and a waste heat boiler, wherein a synthesis gas outlet of the plasma gasification furnace is connected with an inlet of the synthesis gas cooler, an outlet of the synthesis gas cooler is connected to an inlet of a desulfurization device, an outlet of the desulfurization device is connected with an inlet of the gas compressor, an outlet of the gas compressor is connected with an inlet of a combustion chamber, an outlet of the combustion chamber is connected with an inlet of the gas turbine, the gas turbine is connected with a single shaft of a 1# generator, and an outlet of the gas turbine is connected with a hot side inlet of the 1# waste heat boiler; the nuclear steam generator is connected with a cold side inlet of the waste heat boiler No. 1, a cold side outlet of the waste heat boiler No. 1 is connected with a high pressure cylinder of a steam turbine, an outlet of the high pressure cylinder is connected with an inlet of a low pressure cylinder, an outlet of the low pressure cylinder is connected with a hot side inlet of the waste heat boiler No. 2, and a hot side outlet of the waste heat boiler No. 2 is connected with a water feeding pump No. 1; the steam turbine is coaxially connected with the 2# generator; the cold side of the waste heat boiler No. 2 is connected with a seawater desalination device; the outlet of a No. 1 water supply pump is connected with a low-pressure heater, the low-pressure heater is connected with a deaerator, fluid from the deaerator is divided into two parts, one part is sent to the high-pressure heater for heating, the other part is sent to a No. 3 waste heat boiler for heating, and the fluid from the high-pressure heater and the No. 3 waste heat boiler enters a nuclear steam generator after coming out; wherein, the steam extraction of the steam turbine is connected with each heater.

The gas and steam combined cycle system is characterized in that: high-temperature flue gas discharged by the gas turbine enters a No. 1 waste heat boiler, the temperature of the flue gas after being utilized by the No. 1 waste heat boiler is still high, the flue gas is discharged into a No. 3 waste heat boiler, and the flue gas is discharged into the atmosphere after being utilized by waste heat; the small-reactor nuclear power generator set adopts a small modular nuclear reactor, steam is generated by a nuclear steam generator and then enters a No. 1 waste heat boiler, the No. 1 waste heat boiler heats the steam to superheated steam, and an outlet of the No. 1 waste heat boiler is connected with a steam turbine. Because the temperature of the main steam is increased, the steam is still superheated steam after the high-pressure cylinder does work, a steam-water separator reheater can be omitted, and then the steam enters a low-pressure cylinder to do work, so that a No. 2 generator is driven to generate electricity; and an outlet of the steam turbine is connected to a 2# waste heat boiler to provide a heat source for seawater desalination and then becomes condensed water, and the condensed water is sent to the heater through a 1# water feeding pump to be heated and then returns to the nuclear steam generator to be circulated after being heated by a 3# waste heat boiler.

In the seawater desalination device system, the exhausted steam of the low-pressure cylinder of the nuclear power unit enters the waste heat boiler No. 2, and is sent to the water pump No. 1 after being utilized by the waste heat of the waste heat boiler No. 2. The seawater desalination device utilizes the heat provided by the waste heat boiler to carry out seawater desalination.

The utility model has the beneficial effects that:

the utility model provides a fuel gas and steam combined cycle electricity and water cogeneration system for nuclear energy and garbage gasification, which is characterized in that after a gas turbine works, the temperature of main steam of a small reactor nuclear power unit is increased by using high-temperature exhaust gas after the synthesis gas generated by plasma gasification of medical garbage, and the temperature of the exhaust gas after waste heat utilization is still high, so that the temperature of water supply is increased, and the efficiency is improved. The heat source is provided for seawater desalination by utilizing the exhaust steam of the small nuclear power unit, the cascade utilization of energy is realized, and the heat efficiency of circulation is further improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a nuclear-combustion combined-cycle refuse plasma gasification power generation and nuclear reactor power generation system.

In the figure: 1-a plasma gasification furnace; 2-a syngas cooler; 3-a desulfurization unit; 4, an air compressor; 5-a combustion chamber; 6-a gas turbine; 7-1# generator; 8-small nuclear steam generator; 9-1# waste heat boiler; 10-a high-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine; 11-a low pressure cylinder of the steam turbine; 12-2# generator; 13-2# waste heat boiler; 14-a seawater desalination plant; 15-1# water supply pump; 16-a low pressure heater; 17-2 # feed pump; 18-a deaerator; 19-a high pressure heater; 20-3# waste heat boiler.

Detailed Description

The utility model provides a fuel gas and steam combined cycle electricity and water cogeneration system for gasifying nuclear energy and garbage, and the utility model is further explained by combining the attached drawings and the specific embodiment.

FIG. 1 is a gas-steam combined cycle electricity-water cogeneration system for nuclear energy and garbage gasification.

As shown in FIG. 1, the utility model provides a fuel gas and steam combined cycle electricity-water cogeneration system for nuclear energy and garbage gasification, which mainly comprises a plasma gasification and purification system and a fuel gas and steam combined cycle power generation system.

The main flow of the materials and working media in the plasma gasification and purification system is as follows: medical waste and plasma gas enter a plasma gasification furnace 1, which is in contact with a high-temperature plasma arc (temperature range from 1500 ℃ to 5500 ℃), organic components are converted into high-quality synthesis gas and inorganic/residual fraction in the plasma gasification furnace 1 are converted into stable vitrified slag, wherein the slag is discharged from the bottom of the gasification furnace, and the high-quality synthesis gas enters a synthesis gas cooler 2 to be cooled and compressed; only clean syngas can enter the compressor 4 and therefore syngas from the syngas cooler 2 is passed further through the desulfurizer 3.

The working medium flow of the gas and steam combined cycle system is as follows: clean synthesis gas as a working medium enters the compressor 4 to perform a gas compression process, and air as the working medium enters the compressor 4 to complete a pressurization process; compressed gas from the gas compressor 5 enters the combustion chamber 5 to be mixed with sprayed fuel, and then the mixture is ignited and combusted, the process can be considered as conversion from chemical energy of the fuel to heat energy and potential energy of the compressed gas, the temperature of the gas rises hundreds or even thousands of degrees in a short distance, and the pressure is also increased sharply; the high-temperature and high-pressure working medium is sprayed out from the outlet of the combustion chamber 5 and then expanded in the gas turbine 6, and the turbine blades are pushed to do work while expanding, and the process is the conversion of the heat energy and potential energy of the working medium to kinetic energy; the 1# generator 7 is dragged by the gas turbine 6 to generate electricity; flue gas discharged by the gas turbine 6 enters a No. 1 waste heat boiler 9 to heat main steam generated by a nuclear steam generator 8, the temperature of the flue gas is still high after waste heat utilization, the flue gas enters a No. 3 waste heat boiler to heat feed water, and the flue gas is discharged into the atmosphere after waste heat utilization; the main steam is heated into superheated steam in the waste heat boiler 9, and the superheated steam expands in the steam turbine high pressure cylinder 10 and the steam turbine low pressure cylinder 11 to do work, so as to drive the 2# generator 12 to generate power; and the temperature and the pressure of the finished steam are reduced, the exhaust steam enters a No. 2 waste heat boiler 13 to provide a heat source for a seawater desalination device 14, then is sent to a low-pressure heater 16 by a No. 1 water-feeding pump 15, is sent to a deaerator 18 after being heated by extraction steam, then is sent to a high-pressure heater 19 and a No. 3 waste heat boiler 20 by a No. 2 water-feeding pump 17, and is sent back to the nuclear steam generator 8 after being heated by the extraction steam and the No. 3 waste heat boiler 20 to complete circulation.

In the seawater desalination system, feed water enters a No. 2 waste heat boiler 13 to be heated and then enters a seawater desalination device 14 to carry out seawater desalination.

The utility model provides a fuel gas and steam combined cycle electricity and water cogeneration system based on nuclear energy and garbage gasification, which mainly comprises a plasma gasification and purification system, a fuel gas and steam combined cycle power generation system and a seawater desalination system, wherein main steam generated by a small nuclear steam generator is heated by high-temperature exhaust gas of a gas turbine, feed water is heated by the high-temperature exhaust gas of the gas turbine after being utilized by a waste heat boiler, and exhaust steam of the steam turbine is used as a heat source for seawater desalination, so that the heat efficiency of combined cycle is improved.

The above embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention, and the structure and connection manner of the components may be changed, and all equivalent changes and modifications based on the technical solution of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present patent.

Claims

1. A fuel gas and steam combined cycle electricity and water cogeneration system for nuclear energy and garbage gasification is characterized by comprising a plasma gasification and purification system, a fuel gas and steam combined cycle power generation system and a seawater desalination system; the plasma gasification and purification system comprises a plasma gasification furnace (1), a synthesis gas cooler (2) and a desulfurization device (3); the main device of the gas-steam combined cycle power generation system comprises a gas compressor (4), a combustion chamber (5), a gas turbine (6), a # 1 power generator (7), a # 1 waste heat boiler (9), a small reactor nuclear steam generator (8), a turbine high pressure cylinder (10), a turbine low pressure cylinder (11), a # 2 power generator (12), a # 1 water feed pump (15), a low pressure heater (16), a deaerator (18), a # 2 water feed pump (17), a high pressure heater (19) and a # 3 waste heat boiler (20); the seawater desalination system comprises a 2# waste heat boiler (13) and a seawater desalination device (14); a synthetic gas outlet of the plasma gasification furnace (1) is connected with an inlet of the synthetic gas cooler (2), an outlet of the synthetic gas cooler (2) is connected to an inlet of a desulfurization device (3), an outlet of the desulfurization device (3) is connected with an inlet of a gas compressor (4), an outlet of the gas compressor (4) is connected with an inlet of a combustion chamber (5), an outlet of the combustion chamber (5) is connected with an inlet of a gas turbine (6), the gas turbine (6) is connected with a single shaft of a 1# generator (7), an outlet of the gas turbine (6) is connected with a hot side inlet of a 1# waste heat boiler (9), a hot side outlet of the 1# waste heat boiler is connected with a hot side inlet of a 3# waste heat boiler (20), and an outlet of the 3# waste heat boiler exhausts into the atmosphere; the nuclear steam generator (8) is connected with a cold side inlet of the waste heat boiler (9), a cold side outlet of the waste heat boiler (9) No. 1 is connected with a high pressure cylinder (10) of a steam turbine, an outlet of the high pressure cylinder (10) of the steam turbine is connected with an inlet of a low pressure cylinder (11) of the steam turbine, an outlet of the low pressure cylinder is connected with a hot side inlet of the waste heat boiler (13) No. 2, and a hot side outlet of the waste heat boiler (13) No. 2 is connected with a water feeding pump (15) No. 1; the steam turbine low pressure cylinder (11) is coaxially connected with the 2# generator (12); the cold side of the waste heat boiler 2 (13) is connected with a seawater desalination device 14; the water feeding pump (15) is connected with the low-pressure heater (16), the low-pressure heater (16) is connected with the deaerator (18), the deaerator (18) is connected with the No. 2 water feeding pump (17), the No. 2 water feeding pump (17) is connected with the high-pressure heater (19) and the No. 3 waste heat boiler (20) cold side inlet, the No. 3 waste heat boiler cold side outlet is connected with the nuclear steam generator (8), and the high-pressure heater (19) is connected with the nuclear steam generator (8) inlet; wherein, the steam extraction of the steam turbine is connected with each heater.

2. The nuclear and waste gasified gas-steam combined cycle electricity-water cogeneration system of claim 1, wherein: high-temperature flue gas discharged by the gas turbine (6) enters a waste heat boiler (9), the temperature of the flue gas after being utilized by the waste heat boiler (9) 1 is high, the flue gas enters a waste heat boiler 3, and the flue gas is discharged into the atmosphere after being utilized by the waste heat boiler 3; the nuclear steam generator (8) generates steam, the steam enters a No. 1 waste heat boiler (9), the No. 1 waste heat boiler (9) heats the steam to superheated steam, and an outlet of the No. 1 waste heat boiler (9) is connected with a steam turbine; because the temperature of the main steam is increased, the steam is still superheated steam after the high-pressure steam cylinder (10) of the steam turbine does work, a steam-water separator reheater can be omitted, and then the steam enters the low-pressure steam cylinder (11) of the steam turbine to do work, so that a No. 2 generator (12) is driven to generate electricity; the outlet of the steam turbine low-pressure cylinder (11) is connected to a No. 2 waste heat boiler (13), the waste heat is utilized to be changed into condensed water, and the condensed water is heated and then is fed into a heater through a No. 1 water feeding pump (15) to be heated and then returns to the nuclear steam generator (8) to be circulated.

3. The nuclear and waste gasified gas-steam combined cycle electricity-water cogeneration system of claim 1, wherein: the discharged steam of the low-pressure cylinder of the nuclear power unit enters a No. 2 waste heat boiler (13), is sent to a No. 1 water pump (15) after being subjected to waste heat utilization by the No. 2 waste heat boiler (13), and a seawater desalination device (14) utilizes the heat provided by the waste heat boiler to carry out seawater desalination.

4. The nuclear and waste gasified gas-steam combined cycle electricity-water cogeneration system of claim 1, wherein: high-temperature flue gas discharged by the gas turbine (6) enters the waste heat boiler to heat main steam generated by the small nuclear steam generator to superheated steam, the flue gas after being utilized by the waste heat boiler 1 (9) enters the waste heat boiler 3 (20) to heat a part of condensed water, and the flue gas after being utilized by the waste heat boiler 3 is discharged into the atmosphere.

5. The nuclear and waste gasified gas-steam combined cycle electricity-water cogeneration system of claim 1, wherein: the exhaust steam of the steam turbine low pressure cylinder (11) enters a No. 2 waste heat boiler (13) to provide a heat source for a seawater desalination device (14), and is sent to a low pressure heater by a No. 1 feed pump (15) after waste heat utilization.

6. The nuclear and waste gasified gas-steam combined cycle electricity-water cogeneration system of claim 1, wherein: a small modular nuclear reactor is used in a combined gas and steam cycle.

7. The nuclear and waste gasified gas-steam combined cycle electricity-water cogeneration system of claim 1, wherein: a synthesis gas outlet of the plasma gasification furnace (1) is connected with an inlet of the synthesis gas cooler (2), an outlet of the synthesis gas cooler (2) is connected to an inlet of the desulfurization device (3), an outlet of the desulfurization device (3) is connected with an inlet of the gas compressor (4), an outlet of the gas compressor (4) is connected with an inlet of the combustion chamber (5), an outlet of the combustion chamber (5) is connected with an inlet of the gas turbine (6), and the gas turbine (6) is connected with a single shaft of the 1# generator (7).