CN216671653U - Photovoltaic module and photovoltaic system - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a photovoltaic module and a photovoltaic system. The photovoltaic module at least has one obliquely arranged use state and comprises a silicon substrate, an intrinsic amorphous silicon layer arranged on the upper surface of the silicon substrate, a graphical N-type amorphous silicon layer arranged on the intrinsic amorphous silicon layer, a first transparent conducting layer arranged on the N-type amorphous silicon layer, a graphical P-type amorphous silicon layer arranged on the intrinsic amorphous silicon layer and a second transparent conducting layer arranged on the P-type amorphous silicon layer, wherein the first transparent conducting layer comprises a plurality of first finger parts arranged at intervals along the up-down direction, the second transparent conducting layer comprises a plurality of second finger parts arranged at intervals along the up-down direction, the first finger parts and the second finger parts are arranged in a staggered mode, and gaps are formed between the adjacent first finger parts and the second finger parts; a friction layer is coated on the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer. The utility model can utilize illumination and rainwater to generate electricity, and can utilize each raindrop for multiple times, thereby improving the generating efficiency.

Description

Photovoltaic module and photovoltaic system

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the field of photovoltaic modules, relates to a photovoltaic module and a photovoltaic system, and particularly relates to a photovoltaic module and a photovoltaic system for generating power by raindrops.

Background

A photovoltaic module is a device for converting solar energy into electrical energy. However, in weak light (for example, in rainy days or at night, the output power of the photovoltaic module is low, that is, the photovoltaic module is greatly affected by the illumination intensity in rainy days and at night and cannot continuously and stably provide electric energy), some photovoltaic modules are capable of generating electricity by using raindrops, for example, in a system and a method for collecting composite energy of a friction nano generator-solar cell based on a corrugated patterned PDMS layer disclosed in chinese patent CN 109698636 a, when raindrops fall on the surface of the PDMS layer, the raindrops rub against the PDMS layer to generate net charges, and the generated alternating pulse current is led out through a transparent electrode.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a photovoltaic module capable of generating electricity by using light and rainwater, and capable of utilizing each raindrop falling on the photovoltaic module for many times, so that current circulation occurs for many times, and the power generation efficiency is improved.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a photovoltaic system having a high efficiency of power generation.

According to a first aspect of the utility model, a photovoltaic module has at least one use state in an inclined arrangement, the photovoltaic component comprises a silicon substrate, an intrinsic amorphous silicon layer arranged on the upper surface of the silicon substrate, the photovoltaic component also comprises a graphical N-type amorphous silicon layer arranged on the intrinsic amorphous silicon layer, a first transparent conducting layer arranged on the N-type amorphous silicon layer, a graphical P-type amorphous silicon layer arranged on the intrinsic amorphous silicon layer and a second transparent conducting layer arranged on the P-type amorphous silicon layer, the first transparent conductive layer comprises a plurality of first finger-like parts arranged at intervals in the up-down direction, the second transparent conductive layer comprises a plurality of second finger-like parts arranged at intervals in the up-down direction, the plurality of first finger-like parts and the plurality of second finger-like parts are arranged in a staggered mode, and gaps are formed between the adjacent first finger-like parts and the adjacent second finger-like parts; the photovoltaic module further comprises a friction layer capable of bearing raindrops, and the friction layer covers the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer.

Preferably, the first transparent conductive layer further includes a first connection portion extending in a vertical direction, the second transparent conductive layer further includes a second connection portion extending in the vertical direction, each of the first finger portions is connected to the first connection portion and extends from the first connection portion to the second connection portion, and each of the second finger portions is connected to the second connection portion and extends from the second connection portion to the first connection portion.

In a particular and preferred embodiment, any one first finger is located directly above or directly below its adjacent second finger.

In a specific and preferred embodiment, the first connecting portion is located at the left side edge of the front surface of the entire photovoltaic module, and the length of the first connecting portion is about 95% of the dimension of the silicon substrate in the up-down direction; the second connecting part is positioned at the right side edge of the front side of the whole photovoltaic module, and the length of the second connecting part is about 95% of the size of the silicon substrate in the vertical direction; first connecting portion and second connecting portion set up relatively, and first finger portion and second finger portion set up between first connecting portion and second connecting portion crisscross each other, and wherein, first finger portion extends to a distance department apart from the second connecting portion from first connecting portion right, and second finger portion extends to a distance department apart from first connecting portion left from the second connecting portion.

Preferably, the photovoltaic module further includes a first grid line electrode disposed on and/or in the first transparent conductive layer and a second grid line electrode disposed on and/or in the second transparent conductive layer. So as to accelerate the collection and transmission of the current generated by the first transparent conducting layer and the second transparent conducting layer and reduce the transmission loss of the current.

In a specific and preferred embodiment, the first gate line electrode is formed by sintering a silver paste printed on the first transparent conductive layer, and the second gate line electrode is formed by sintering a silver paste printed on the second transparent conductive layer.

In a specific and preferred embodiment, the first finger portion and the first connection portion have a first gate line electrode formed thereon, and the second finger portion and the second connection portion have a second gate line electrode formed thereon.

Preferably, the friction layer is filled in the gap between the first prong part and the second prong part to insulate the two parts from each other.

Preferably, the friction layer is made of an insulating material having an electronic capacity greater than that of the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer. More preferably, the triboelectric charge density of the tribolayer is less than-80 μ Cm^-2. Further, the material of the friction layer is selected from one or more of PDMS, PTFE and FEP.

In a specific and preferred embodiment, the rubbing layer is a PDMS layer, and the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer are ITO layers, respectively.

Preferably, the friction layer has a refractive index greater than that of air and less than that of the first and second transparent conductive layers.

In a specific and preferred embodiment, the refractive index of the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer is 1.8-2.0, the refractive index of the friction layer is 1.4, and the refractive index of air is 1, and the friction layer enables the refractive index change from air to the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer to be smoother, so that the reflection of light can be reduced, and the short-circuit current density and the conversion efficiency of the solar cell can be improved.

In a specific and preferred embodiment, the friction layer is formed by curing a liquid precursor of PDMS coated on the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer at 170-220 ℃. Improve the surface roughness on PDMS layer on the one hand, strengthen the electrostatic induction between raindrop and the PDMS, on the other hand improves the surface hydrophobicity on PDMS layer, makes the raindrop can flow down fast, and the generating efficiency of raindrop is strengthened.

Preferably, the N-type amorphous silicon layer and the P-type amorphous silicon layer are connected to cover an upper portion of the intrinsic amorphous silicon layer.

Preferably, the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer are ITO layers.

Optionally, the silicon substrate is an N-type crystalline silicon, and the photovoltaic module further includes an N-type surface field disposed on a lower surface of the N-type silicon substrate and a passivation layer disposed on a lower surface of the surface field. Optionally, the silicon substrate is P-type crystalline silicon, and the photovoltaic module further includes a P-type surface field disposed on a lower surface of the P-type silicon substrate and a passivation layer disposed on a lower surface of the surface field. Preferably, for an N-type surface field, the passivation layer is a laminated layer formed by silicon oxide and silicon nitride; for a P-type surface field, the passivation layer is a stack of aluminum oxide and silicon nitride.

Preferably, in the use state, an included angle between the photovoltaic module and a horizontal plane is 20-70 degrees.

According to a second aspect of the utility model, a photovoltaic system comprises a photovoltaic module as described above.

Preferably, the photovoltaic system further comprises a water storage tank arranged above the photovoltaic module, a water outlet pipe connected with the water storage tank, and a water dropping valve arranged on the water outlet pipe, wherein the water outlet pipe is provided with a water outlet facing downwards and arranged at the upper end of the photovoltaic module.

In a particular and preferred embodiment, the horizontal projection of the reservoir can completely cover the horizontal projection of the photovoltaic module. Further, a water reservoir is located a distance above the photovoltaic module to allow sunlight to impinge obliquely on the photovoltaic module.

Preferably, the photovoltaic module is arranged on a roof of a building.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages by adopting the technical scheme:

the photovoltaic module can generate electricity by utilizing illumination, and can be beneficial to rainwater to generate electricity in rainy days, and the photovoltaic module and the photovoltaic power generation are mutually supplemented; especially, through the mutual cooperation of frictional layer and transparent conducting layer, first transparent conducting layer and second transparent conducting layer have a plurality of fork finger portion respectively and intercrossing is the fork form, and the raindrop whereabouts in-process can flow through the frictional layer along the crisscross a plurality of first fork finger portion and a plurality of second fork finger portion top that set up each other of upper and lower direction in proper order, and every top that passes through a fork finger portion of raindrop on the frictional layer can produce current cycle, and then same raindrop can utilize many times and produce many times current cycle, has improved photovoltaic module's generating efficiency.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive efforts, wherein:

fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a top view of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a top view of another photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Wherein,

100. a photovoltaic module; 200. raindrops; 300. a reservoir;

1. a silicon substrate; 2. an intrinsic amorphous silicon layer; 3. an N-type amorphous silicon layer; 4. a P-type amorphous silicon layer; 5. a first transparent conductive layer; 51. a first fork finger portion; 52. a first connection portion; 53. a first gate line electrode; 6. a second transparent conductive layer; 61. a second finger portion; 62. a second connecting portion; 63. a second gate line electrode; 7. a friction layer; 8. a surface field; 9. A passivation layer;

301. a water outlet pipe; 302. a drip valve.

Detailed Description

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings so that the advantages and features of the utility model may be more readily understood by those skilled in the art. It should be noted that the description of the embodiments is provided to help understanding of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

Fig. 1 shows a photovoltaic module 100 according to the present invention, which is capable of generating electricity from sunlight and also capable of generating electricity from rainwater friction. Fig. 4 shows a photovoltaic system including the photovoltaic module 100. Referring to fig. 1 and 4, the photovoltaic module 100 has at least one inclined position, and specifically, in rainy days, the photovoltaic module 100 is placed obliquely relative to the horizontal plane (for example, the photovoltaic module 100 is installed obliquely on the ground or on the building roof through a bracket), and the raindrops 200 fall down along the surface of the photovoltaic module 100 under the action of gravity after falling on the surface of the photovoltaic module 100. In rainy days, the included angle between the photovoltaic module 100 and the horizontal plane is 20-70 degrees, namely 20-70 degrees of inclination. In sunny days, the photovoltaic module 100 may be disposed in an inclined manner or in a horizontal manner.

As shown in fig. 1, the photovoltaic device 100 includes a silicon substrate 1, an intrinsic amorphous silicon layer 2, an N-type amorphous silicon layer 3, a P-type amorphous silicon layer 4, a first transparent conductive layer 5, a second transparent conductive layer 6, a rubbing layer 7, a surface field 8, and a passivation layer 9. The intrinsic amorphous silicon layer 2, the silicon substrate 1, the surface field 8 and the passivation layer 9 are sequentially laminated from top to bottom, the N-type amorphous silicon layer 3 and the P-type amorphous silicon layer 4 are patterned and are interdigitated and complementarily arranged on the intrinsic amorphous silicon layer 2 to completely cover the intrinsic amorphous silicon layer 2. The first transparent conductive layer 5 is disposed on the N-type amorphous silicon layer 3, and the second transparent conductive layer 6 is disposed on the P-type amorphous silicon layer 4. The friction layer 7 covers the first transparent conductive layer 5 and the second transparent conductive layer 6.

In the present embodiment, the intrinsic amorphous silicon layer 2 is formed on the upper surface of the silicon substrate 1, and is laminated on the upper surface of the silicon substrate 1 by, for example, physical vapor deposition or chemical vapor deposition. The N-type amorphous silicon layer 3 is formed on a partial region of the intrinsic amorphous silicon layer 2 and is patterned, the other region of the intrinsic amorphous silicon layer 2 is formed into a P-type amorphous silicon layer 4, the P-type amorphous silicon layer 4 is also patterned, and the patterned N-type amorphous silicon layer 3 and the patterned P-type amorphous silicon layer 4 are connected to cover the entire upper portion of the intrinsic amorphous silicon layer 2. Specifically, the N-type amorphous silicon layer 3 and the P-type amorphous silicon layer 4 are respectively deposited in a desired pattern by depositing on the upper surface of the intrinsic amorphous silicon layer 2. The thicknesses of the N-type amorphous silicon layer 3 and the P-type amorphous silicon layer 4 are substantially the same.

The first transparent conducting layer 5 is laminated on the N-type amorphous silicon layer 3, and the pattern of the first transparent conducting layer is approximately similar to that of the N-type amorphous silicon layer 3, but the area of the first transparent conducting layer is slightly smaller; the second transparent conducting layer 6 is laminated on the P-type amorphous silicon layer 4, and the pattern of the second transparent conducting layer is approximately similar to that of the P-type amorphous silicon layer 4, but the area of the second transparent conducting layer is slightly smaller; thus, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the first transparent conductive layer 5 and the second transparent conductive layer 6 do not contact each other, and a gap is formed therebetween, and the gap is filled with the above-described friction layer 7, thereby insulating the first transparent conductive layer 5 and the second transparent conductive layer 6 from each other. Further, the first transparent conductive layer 5 and the second transparent conductive layer 6 (including the upper surface and the side surface) are completely covered with the above-described friction layer 7, respectively.

As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the first transparent conductive layer 5 includes a plurality of first interdigital parts 51 spaced apart in the up-down direction, the second transparent conductive layer 6 includes a plurality of second interdigital parts 61 spaced apart in the up-down direction, and the plurality of first interdigital parts 51 and the plurality of second interdigital parts 61 are arranged alternately, that is, any one of the first interdigital parts 51 is located directly above or directly below the second interdigital part 61 adjacent thereto. Adjacent first and second prong portions 51, 61 have a gap therebetween. Specifically, each of the first interdigital parts 51 extends horizontally in the left-right direction, each of the second interdigital parts 61 extends horizontally in the left-right direction, and each of the first interdigital parts 51 and each of the second interdigital parts 61 are parallel to each other. The length (dimension in the left-right direction) of each of the first interdigital parts 51 and each of the second interdigital parts 61 is much larger than the width (dimension in the up-down direction).

Further, the first transparent conductive layer 5 further includes a first connection portion 52 extending in the up-down direction, the second transparent conductive layer 6 further includes a second connection portion 62 extending in the up-down direction, each of the first finger portions 51 and the first connection portion 52 is connected and extends from the first connection portion 52 to the second connection portion 62, and each of the second finger portions 61 and the second connection portion 62 is connected and extends from the second connection portion 62 to the first connection portion 52. The first connection portion 52 is located at the left side edge of the front surface of the entire photovoltaic module 100, and has a length of about 95% of the dimension of the silicon substrate 1 in the up-down direction; the second connection portion 62 is located at the right side edge of the front surface of the entire photovoltaic module 100, and has a length of about 95% of the dimension of the silicon substrate 1 in the up-down direction; the first connecting portion 52 and the second connecting portion 62 are disposed opposite to each other, and the first forked portion 51 and the second forked portion 61 are disposed between the first connecting portion 52 and the second connecting portion 62 in a staggered manner, wherein the first forked portion 51 extends from the first connecting portion 52 to a position at a distance from the second connecting portion 62 to the right, and the second forked portion 61 extends from the second connecting portion 62 to a position at a distance from the first connecting portion 52 to the left. The first transparent conductive layer 5 and the second transparent conductive layer 6 are interdigitated and have a gap therebetween.

As shown in fig. 3, the photovoltaic module 100 further includes a first grid line electrode 53 disposed on and/or in the first transparent conductive layer 5 and a second grid line electrode 63 disposed on and/or in the second transparent conductive layer 6, and the first grid line electrode 53 and the second grid line electrode 63 accelerate collection and transmission of current generated by the first transparent conductive layer 5 and the second transparent conductive layer 6, so as to reduce transmission loss of current. Specifically, the first gate line electrode 53 is formed by sintering a silver paste printed on the first transparent conductive layer 5, and the second gate line electrode 63 is formed by sintering a silver paste printed on the second transparent conductive layer 6. The first finger portion 51 and the first connection portion 52 are respectively formed with a first gate line electrode 53, and the second finger portion 61 and the second connection portion 62 are respectively formed with a second gate line electrode 63.

The rubbing layer 7 receives the raindrops 200, that is, the raindrops 200 are in contact with the rubbing layer 7 after falling on the photovoltaic module 100. The friction layer 7 is made of an insulating material having a larger electron capacity than the first transparent conductive layer 5 and the second transparent conductive layer 6. In this embodiment, the first transparent conductive layer 5 and the second transparent conductive layer 6 are ITO (indium tin oxide) layers, and the insulating material is an insulating material with a triboelectric charge density less than-80 μ Cm^-2For specific examples of the insulating material of (2), see the article "Quantifying the said three electrical series" published by Haiyang Zou et al in Nature Communication. Specifically, the selected insulating material is one or more of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or perfluoroethylene propylene copolymer (FEP).

Specifically, in the present embodiment, the friction layer 7 is a PDMS layer, which is formed by curing a liquid precursor of PDMS coated on the first transparent conductive layer 5 and the second transparent conductive layer 6 at 170 ℃ to 220 ℃. When the PDMS layer is prepared, the PDMS liquid precursor is coated on the first transparent conducting layer 5 and the second transparent conducting layer 6, and then is cured at 170-220 ℃, so that the surface roughness of the PDMS layer is improved, the electrostatic induction between the raindrop 200 and the PDMS is enhanced, the surface hydrophobicity of the PDMS layer is improved, the raindrop 200 can rapidly flow downwards, and the power generation efficiency of the raindrop 200 is enhanced.

The silicon substrate 1 is N-type crystalline silicon, and the surface field 8 is an N-type surface field 8; or the silicon substrate 1 is P-type crystalline silicon, and the surface field 8 is a P-type surface field 8. For an N-type surface field, the passivation layer 9 is a stack of silicon oxide and silicon nitride; for a P-type surface field, the passivation layer 9 is a stack of aluminum oxide and silicon nitride.

When the solar photovoltaic module is used, the included angle between the photovoltaic module 100 and the ground is 20-70 degrees, and the photovoltaic module can convert solar energy into electric energy in sunny days. The refractive indexes of the first transparent conductive layer 5 and the second transparent conductive layer 6 are 1.8-2.0, the refractive index of the friction layer 7 is 1.4, the refractive index of air is 1, and the friction layer 7 enables the refractive index change from air to the first transparent conductive layer 5 and the second transparent conductive layer 6 to be smoother, so that the reflection of light rays can be reduced, and the short-circuit current density and the conversion efficiency of the solar cell can be improved. In addition, the friction layer 7 is filled in the gap between the first transparent conductive layer 5 and the second transparent conductive layer 6, and can also provide protection effect on amorphous silicon in the gap.

In rainy days, when the raindrops 200 drop on the photovoltaic module 100, the potential of the transparent conductive layer under the raindrops 200 and the PDMS of the friction layer 7 is increased under the electrostatic induction effect. If the first finger-like portion 51 is formed on the side of dropping water, the potential of the first transparent conductive layer 5 is higher than that of the second transparent conductive layer 6. When the water drops flow downward over the second prong 61, the second transparent conductive layer 6 is at a higher potential than the first transparent conductive layer 5. As the water drops continue to flow downwards, a high potential alternately appears between the first transparent conductive layer 5 and the second transparent conductive layer 6, that is, each raindrop 200 can bring about a plurality of current cycles, thereby greatly improving the power generation efficiency of the raindrop 200.

Fig. 4 shows a photovoltaic system of the present embodiment, which employs the photovoltaic module 100 as above. The photovoltaic system may be a building rooftop photovoltaic system, with photovoltaic module 100 being located on the rooftop of the building. The photovoltaic system further comprises a water storage tank 300 arranged above the photovoltaic module 100, a water outlet pipe 301 connected with the water storage tank 300 and a water dropping valve 302 arranged on the water outlet pipe 301, wherein the water outlet pipe 301 is provided with a water outlet facing downwards of the photovoltaic module 100, preferably facing towards the upper end of the photovoltaic module 100, so that raindrops 200 can flow from the upper end to the lower end of the photovoltaic module 100, and the power generation efficiency is maximized.

The horizontal projection of the reservoir 300 can completely cover the horizontal projection of the photovoltaic module 100. When raining, the raindrops 200 do not directly fall on the solar module, but are collected into the water storage tank 300, and then drop the rainwater drop by drop through the water dropping valve 302 at the lower end of the water storage tank 300, and the dropping speed of the water dropping valve 302 is adjustable. The drip valve 302 is disposed directly above the upper end of the photovoltaic module 100, and the raindrops 200 dropped from the drip valve 302 are allowed to fall on the upper end of the photovoltaic module 100, thereby further improving the power generation efficiency of the raindrops 200. In addition, the photovoltaic system can realize power generation in rainy days, and can also realize power generation by utilizing water energy by watering the reservoir when not raining (such as cloudy days or at night).

It should be noted that the water reservoir is located at a distance above the photovoltaic module 100, and sunlight can be obliquely irradiated onto the photovoltaic module 100 in sunny days.

The photovoltaic module and the photovoltaic system have the following advantages:

1. the transparent conducting layer in the interdigital design is matched with the friction layer, so that each raindrop can generate current circulation for many times, and the power generation efficiency is greatly improved.

2. The refractive indexes of the air, the friction layer and the transparent conducting layer are gradually increased, the refractive index change is smooth, the reflection of light rays can be reduced, and the short-circuit current density and the conversion efficiency of the solar cell are improved.

3. And curing the PDMS layer at 170-220 ℃, so that on one hand, the surface roughness of the PDMS layer is improved, the electrostatic induction between raindrops and PDMS is enhanced, and on the other hand, the surface hydrophobicity of the PDMS layer is improved, so that the raindrops can flow downwards quickly, and the raindrop power generation efficiency is enhanced.

4. The water storage tank prevents raindrops from directly dropping on the surface of the photovoltaic module, and the raindrops sequentially drop on the upper end of the photovoltaic module, so that the power generation efficiency of the raindrops is further improved. When the rain does not fall, water can be filled into the water storage tank, and the water energy can be used for generating electricity.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

As used herein, the terms "comprises" and "comprising" are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional steps or elements other than the listed steps or elements. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any combination of one or more of the associated listed items.

The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and are preferred embodiments, which are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A photovoltaic module having at least one use state arranged obliquely comprises a silicon substrate, an intrinsic amorphous silicon layer arranged on the upper surface of the silicon substrate, it is characterized in that the photovoltaic component also comprises a graphical N-type amorphous silicon layer arranged on the intrinsic amorphous silicon layer, a first transparent conducting layer arranged on the N-type amorphous silicon layer, a graphical P-type amorphous silicon layer arranged on the intrinsic amorphous silicon layer and a second transparent conducting layer arranged on the P-type amorphous silicon layer, the first transparent conductive layer comprises a plurality of first finger-like parts arranged at intervals in the up-down direction, the second transparent conductive layer comprises a plurality of second finger-like parts arranged at intervals in the up-down direction, the plurality of first finger-like parts and the plurality of second finger-like parts are arranged in a staggered mode, and gaps are formed between the adjacent first finger-like parts and the adjacent second finger-like parts; the photovoltaic module further comprises a friction layer capable of bearing raindrops, and the friction layer covers the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer.

2. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein the first transparent conductive layer further comprises a first connecting portion extending in the up-down direction, the second transparent conductive layer further comprises a second connecting portion extending in the up-down direction, each of the first prong portions is connected to and extends from the first connecting portion to the second connecting portion, and each of the second prong portions is connected to and extends from the second connecting portion to the first connecting portion.

3. The photovoltaic module of claim 1 or 2, further comprising a first grid line electrode disposed on and/or in the first transparent conductive layer and a second grid line electrode disposed on and/or in the second transparent conductive layer.

4. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein the friction layer further fills the gap between the first prong portion and the second prong portion to insulate the two from each other.

5. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the friction layer is made of an insulating material having a greater electron capacity than the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer; and/or the triboelectric charge density of the friction layer is less than-80 [ mu ] Cm^-2(ii) a And/or the friction layer is made of one of PDMS, PTFE and FEP.

6. The photovoltaic module of claim 5 wherein the frictional layer is a PDMS layer.

7. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein the friction layer has a refractive index greater than air and less than the refractive index of the first and second transparent conductive layers.

8. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein the N-type amorphous silicon layer and the P-type amorphous silicon layer meet and cover an upper portion of the intrinsic amorphous silicon layer; and/or the first transparent conducting layer and the second transparent conducting layer are ITO layers; and/or the silicon substrate is N-type crystalline silicon, the photovoltaic module further comprises an N-type surface field arranged on the lower surface of the N-type silicon substrate and a passivation layer arranged on the lower surface of the surface field, or the silicon substrate is P-type crystalline silicon, the photovoltaic module further comprises a P-type surface field arranged on the lower surface of the P-type silicon substrate and a passivation layer arranged on the lower surface of the surface field; and/or when the photovoltaic module is in the use state, the included angle between the photovoltaic module and the horizontal plane is 20-70 degrees.

9. A photovoltaic system comprising a photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. The photovoltaic system of claim 9, further comprising a reservoir above the photovoltaic module, a water outlet pipe connected to the reservoir, and a drip valve on the water outlet pipe, the water outlet pipe having a water outlet facing downward at the upper end of the photovoltaic module; and/or the photovoltaic module is arranged on the roof of the building.

Images