CN216636384U - Adapter and motor box, motor controller, cell-phone APP, main line, car tail lamp, electric motor car - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses an adapter, a motor box, a motor controller, a mobile phone APP, a main line, a rear lamp and an electric vehicle. The adapter includes a mcu circuit, a functional circuit, a communication circuit, and a functional socket circuit. The mcu circuit comprises an mcu chip and is connected with the functional circuit and the communication circuit. The functional socket circuit is connected with the functional circuit and the communication circuit. The voice broadcasting circuit is added, so that information of any fault and operation aspect of the electric vehicle can be played in a voice mode, and the intelligent electric vehicle is highly intelligent. An electronic safety function circuit is added to prevent fire. The adapter is connected with the motor box or the motor controller. The motor box or the motor controller can be added with a back light control circuit. The motor box is connected with the motor controller H. The adapter is additionally provided with a Bluetooth circuit, an NFC circuit and a GSM/GPS circuit, so that the technical level and the networking application of the electric vehicle are improved. The performance of the electric vehicle is comprehensively improved.

Description

Adapter and motor box, motor controller, cell-phone APP, main line, car tail lamp, electric motor car

Technical Field

The technical field of electric vehicles, in particular to an electric vehicle appliance.

Background

For the convenience of description, the following is used for short:

"Large wire" refers to a bundle of wires connected between electrical components of an electric vehicle, which are generally bundled together and respectively connected to various electrical components, some of which are called wire harnesses;

the electric vehicle refers to a vehicle powered by batteries, such as a four-wheel electric vehicle, an electric sightseeing vehicle, an electric sweeper, an electric forklift, a baby carriage, an electric bicycle, an electric moped, an electric motorcycle, an electric tricycle and the like;

the 'plug' refers to the electronic device which is provided with the plug sheet and realizes the electric plug-in connection at the tail end of the wire head;

"end of line" refers to a small segment of wire from the electrical component;

"headlight" means the front end of the miniature electric vehicle is used for illuminating the far light or the near light;

"li lamp", also called driving lamp, daytime running lamp, means the lamp that the electric motor car lights up when starting;

the 'night lamp' means that the electric vehicle turns on a front lamp, namely a lighted lamp, and is used for driving at night and is equivalent to a width indicating lamp of a large vehicle;

the 'headlight assembly' refers to a component which is arranged on a handlebar or a driving platform at the front end of the electric vehicle and is used for lighting and has the function of displaying parameters of the electric vehicle. Or original pure headlight illumination is added with parts with functions of instruments after the utility model is applied. Also called lamp holder, combination headlight;

the 'combination instrument' refers to a component with the function of displaying electric vehicle parameters at the front end of an electric vehicle, and comprises a component combined with a large lamp (the components are called as the combination instrument, a gauge head and a lamp holder in the industry);

the "combination switch" refers to a component which is installed on a handlebar or a driving platform and has a plurality of switches combined together, such as a lamp control switch, a steering switch, a horn switch, a three-gear switch, a cruise switch, or the like. The switch combination is called two-in-one switch in the industry, the switch combination is called three-in-one switch in the industry, and the switch combination is called four-in-one switch in the industry. The three-in-one switch is widely applied in the market at present.

The combined rotating handle is a component which is arranged on a handlebar or a driving platform and is combined with a plurality of switches, such as a single or a plurality of combinations of a lamp control switch, a steering switch, a horn switch, a P-gear switch, a reversing switch, a three-gear switch, a cruise switch and the like. The industry of 2 switch combinations is called two-in-one rotating handle, the industry of 3 switch combinations is called three-in-one rotating handle, and the industry of 4 switch combinations is called four-in-one rotating handle. The current market commonly uses a two-in-one rotating handle;

the electronic switching tube is broadly a Darlington tube, an IGBT tube or an MOS tube;

the 'electric appliance in front of the vehicle' refers to all electric appliances near the front end instrument of the electric vehicle, such as an electric door lock, a brake switch, a reversing switch, a gear switch, a P-gear switch, a repair switch, a cruise switch, various lamps, a windscreen wiper, a loudspeaker, a vehicle door, an air conditioner, a sound device and the like.

Traditional electric motor car needs a lot of electrical components, makes a round trip to need a lot of plug and socket and wire moreover, greatly causes the security and the reliability of whole car electrical apparatus, and material cost is high moreover. In addition, assembly and after-sale service on the production line are very complicated, and labor cost and maintenance difficulty are greatly increased. The electric vehicle is difficult to maintain due to faults, can be completed by a professional master and takes time. Even if a voice alarm is available on the market, the content of the report is limited because the fault detection of the electric appliance is incomplete and the communication with the interior of the controller is not available. The fuse used on the vehicle is used as a means for protecting the electric appliance, so the reliability is poor, and the fire is easy to cause. In addition, the performance of the electric vehicle cannot be adjusted by the seller or the customer themselves.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model discloses an adapter, a motor box, a controller, a mobile phone APP, a main line, a rear lamp and an electric vehicle, and aims to overcome the defects of the traditional electric vehicle.

The utility model uses bus technology to replace the traditional special line mode, and the adapter integrates a plurality of electrical components of the traditional electric vehicle, thereby greatly reducing the number of plugs, wire ends, leads and electrical components. The voice broadcasting circuit is added, information of any faults and operation aspects of the electric vehicle can be played in a voice mode, the intelligent display system is highly intelligent, and a vehicle owner and a dealer can quickly find out and eliminate the faults. An electronic safety function is added to prevent fire. The conversion of the motor box is introduced, so that the bus system can adapt to various existing motor controllers, the existing matching system of the motor controllers of a client is not changed, and the application range of the bus system is greatly enlarged. And the motor box is additionally provided with a rear lamp controller circuit, so that a plurality of wires from the head to the tail of the vehicle are further saved. The adapter is added with a Bluetooth circuit, an NFC circuit and a GSM/GPS circuit, so that the technical level and the networking application of the electric vehicle are improved, and meanwhile, the characteristic that an electric vehicle user or a seller customizes the electric vehicle through a mobile phone APP is provided. Therefore, the performance of the electric vehicle is comprehensively improved.

An adapter: the adapter includes a mcu circuit, a functional circuit, a communication circuit, and a functional socket circuit. See fig. 1.

The mcu circuit comprises an mcu chip and is connected with the functional circuit and the communication circuit. The functional socket circuit is connected with the functional circuit and the communication circuit.

The function circuit comprises a combined rotating handle circuit, a combined switch circuit, a voice broadcasting circuit, an electronic safety circuit, a lamp control circuit, an instrument display circuit and a man-machine interaction circuit. The combined rotating handle circuit, the combined switch circuit, the voice broadcasting circuit, the electronic safety circuit, the lamp control circuit, the instrument display circuit and the man-machine interaction circuit are all connected with the mcu circuit.

The functional socket circuit comprises a single-row socket or/and a double-row socket corresponding to the functional circuit and is connected with the functional circuit.

The single-row socket or/and the double-row socket are/is connected with the electric appliance in front of the vehicle respectively or connected with the electric appliance in front of the vehicle through a patch cord. The vehicle front electric appliances with few plug wires, such as a left steering lamp, a right steering lamp, a left brake, a right brake, a rear brake and a headlamp, are suitable for single-row sockets. The vehicle front electric appliances with more plug wires, such as a combined rotating handle, a combined switch and an external instrument, are suitable for double-row sockets. It is also possible to use all of the single row sockets or all of the double row sockets. The most common single row sockets are XHB2.54, CH3.96, CH5.08, EL 4.5. The most common double row socket is for example 5569. In order to enhance the connection strength of the plug, a plug socket with thicker pins and spring leaves is selected.

One end of the patch cord is welded on the PCB circuit board of the adapter, and the other end of the patch cord is connected with the waterproof plug. And the PCB wiring port of the patch cord corresponds to the jacks of the single-row socket or/and the double-row socket. The patch cord is equivalent to an extension cord of the adapter socket. The application of the patch cords is introduced primarily for the purpose of increasing the waterproof capability, because waterproof sockets cannot be soldered to the PCB or because they are too bulky to be introduced outside the adapter housing.

The outgoing lines of the electric appliances in the front of the vehicle are connected into a single plug and are respectively plugged into the single-row socket or/and the double-row socket which are/is dedicated on the adapter, or are respectively plugged into the waterproof plugs which are dedicated on the adapter.

In order to increase the waterproof, moistureproof and dustproof capacity, the PCB of the adapter can be further strengthened by coating three-proofing paint and pouring glue.

The functional socket circuit comprises a single-row or double-row large-wire socket. The large wire socket is connected with a large wire. The front end of the main wire is connected with the adapter, and the rear end of the main wire is connected with the motor controller or the motor box. The back end connection motor controller is applied to the direct controller mode, as shown in fig. 2. The back-end connection motor box is applied to the indirect controller mode, as shown in fig. 3.

The communication circuit and the large line include a communication line. The motor controller and the motor box include a mcu circuit. And the adaptor exchanges data with the motor controller or the motor box in two directions according to a communication protocol through the large wire. The motor box is connected to the motor controller H in order to incorporate a common motor controller without a bus interface into the electrical bus system of the present invention.

Signals required by the motor controller and the motor controller H, such as a handle rotating signal, a brake signal and a three-gear signal, are traditionally transmitted by special wires. The utility model is transmitted by the adapter through a communication bus. The communication line is a public line and can transmit various signals. Corresponding to one or two wires instead of the multiple wires of the conventional wiring pattern.

The combined handle-transferring circuit is connected with the combined handle-transferring and the mcu circuit, and the mcu circuit processes the signals collected from the combined handle-transferring and then transmits the processed signals to the motor controller or the motor box through the communication line according to a communication protocol. Signals of a combined rotating handle of a traditional electric vehicle, such as a reversing handle, a rotating handle and a third gear, are directly transmitted to a controller through a special line, and a plurality of wires are needed.

The combined switch circuit is connected with the combined switch and the mcu circuit, and the mcu circuit processes signals collected from the combined switch and then transmits the signals to the motor controller or the motor box through the communication line according to a communication protocol. Signals of the combination switch of the traditional electric vehicle, such as P gear, one-key repair and the like, are directly transmitted to the controller by a special line, and a plurality of wires are needed. The utility model can also transmit signals of a far light switch, a near light switch, a left turn switch, a right turn switch and the like to the motor controller (with the light control circuit) or the motor controller H (with the light control circuit) through a public communication line.

The voice broadcasting circuit comprises a voice chip circuit and a power amplifier circuit, the voice chip circuit is connected with the power amplifier circuit, and the power amplifier circuit is connected with a loudspeaker. The voice chip circuit is connected with the mcu circuit and used for playing parameters (including fault information) of the electric vehicle and sounds corresponding to operation. The traditional electric vehicle is completed by 2 components of a four-in-one loudspeaker and a voice alarm, and a backing loudspeaker and an anti-theft alarm.

The electronic fuse circuit is connected with the mcu circuit. The electronic safety circuit comprises an electronic switch circuit, a sampling resistor circuit and a comparison circuit. See fig. 19. Currently there are mcu chips with internal comparators on the market, and the comparison circuit is on-chip, which is our preferred solution.

The sampling resistance circuit is connected with the comparison circuit, and the mcu circuit is connected with the electronic switch circuit and the comparison circuit. The electronic safety circuit monitors the current of the electric appliances in the whole vehicle or in the front of the vehicle, and cuts off the power supply if the current is over-current, so that the related electric appliances are protected. The utility model adopts intelligent control of the electronic switch, and has higher reliability. Traditionally, the fuse is used for completing the operation, and due to the problem of working reliability, the fuse cannot be disconnected instantaneously, and a fire disaster is often caused.

The mcu circuit is connected with the lamp control circuit and used for detecting and controlling the on-off states of a far lamp, a near lamp, a left-turn lamp, a right-turn lamp, a reversing lamp, a brake lamp and the like.

The lamp control circuit is connected with the combined rotating handle circuit, the combined switch circuit, the electronic safety circuit and the instrument display circuit and is used for controlling and displaying the states of the electric vehicle lamp, such as a left-turn lamp, a right-turn lamp, a night lamp, a brake lamp and a backup lamp. The combined rotating handle component and the combined switch component are provided with a plurality of switch buttons which are related to the vehicle lamp.

The lamp control circuit further comprises a flash circuit. The flash circuit comprises an electronic switching tube and is connected with the mcu circuit. The mcu circuit realizes a flashing function by controlling the electronic switching tube and is used for controlling a left-turn lamp, a right-turn lamp and a double-flashing lamp. See fig. 19.

For the application scheme of the motor controller or the motor box with the rear lamp control, the mcu circuit transmits lamp control information to the motor box or the motor controller with the rear lamp control through the large wire according to a communication protocol.

The instrument display circuit is connected with the mcu circuit and used for displaying the state and parameters of the vehicle. The instrument display circuit is divided into an inner display mode circuit and an outer display mode circuit.

The internal display mode circuit has a display function of the adapter, comprises an LED, an LCD or a VFD display device and a special chip circuit and a drive circuit which are related to the LED, the LCD or the VFD display device, and is connected with the mcu circuit. When the area of the display panel is limited, the adapter adopts a 2-circuit board superposition structure, wherein one circuit board is a patch board, and the other circuit board is a display board. The display circuit is referred to fig. 16, 17, 18. At the moment, the adapter becomes a meter or a combination meter; if the adapter is placed in the headlight housing, the combination headlight is obtained.

The external display mode circuit comprises an instrument socket, and an external instrument is connected through the instrument socket.

The man-machine interaction circuit is connected with the mcu circuit and used for the car owner to operate the turning on and off and the theft prevention of the electric car.

The man-machine interaction circuit comprises a Bluetooth circuit, an NFC circuit, a GSM/GPS circuit, an electronic key circuit and a remote control anti-theft circuit, and the man-machine interaction circuit is a single or multiple combination of the Bluetooth circuit, the NFC circuit, the GSM/GPS circuit, the electronic key circuit and the remote control anti-theft circuit. Usually only one of the circuits is used. But there are also multiple applications, such as the combination of remote control anti-theft circuit and bluetooth circuit, and it is common that the car owner uses the remote controller to turn on or off, if the remote controller is without power, the mobile phone bluetooth is used to replace, at this moment, the combination of 2 sets of circuits is needed.

The Bluetooth circuit comprises a Bluetooth module or an external Bluetooth assembly inside the mcu chip and a Bluetooth antenna. Some external bluetooth components integrate a bluetooth antenna, and the bluetooth circuit is simplified.

The mcu circuit is connected with the Bluetooth circuit, and the Bluetooth antenna and the BT-APP exchange data of the mobile phone (BT is a Bluetooth abbreviation) are connected through the Bluetooth module in the mcu chip or the external Bluetooth component. The vehicle owner operates the electric vehicle through the mobile phone BT-APP. The car owner only needs to carry the mobile phone when going out. See fig. 4.

The NFC circuit comprises an NFC module inside the mcu chip or an external NFC component and an NFC antenna. Some external NFC components integrate the NFC antenna, and the NFC circuitry is simplified. See fig. 5.

The mcu circuit is connected with the NFC circuit, and the NFC antenna is connected with the RFID card to exchange data through the NFC module in the mcu chip or the external NFC assembly, or the NFC antenna is connected with the mobile phone bound with the RFID card to exchange data, or the NFC antenna is connected with the mobile phone-APP to exchange data. The car is typically driven with an RFID card. The novel mobile phone supports the RFID card binding function, and at the moment, a car owner can drive the car by using the mobile phone instead of the RFID card. The NFC-APP belongs to a customized mobile phone which is applied to support the NFC function. At present, mobile phones with a plurality of models of Huaqi and millet in China support the NFC function.

The vehicle owner operates the electric vehicle by using the RFID card, the mobile phone bound with the RFID card or the NFC-APP. The utility model can be applied to three ways, and the utility model recommends the RFID card.

The GSM/GPS circuit comprises a GSM/GPS module inside the mcu chip or an external GSM/GPS component and a GSM/GPS antenna. Some external GSM/GPS components integrate the GSM/GPS antenna, and the GSM/GPS circuit is simplified. See fig. 6. The GSM circuit is used for long-distance wireless communication of mobile phones, exchanges data by means of mobile, Unicom, China telecom networks, and usually requires a SIM card. GSM is for 2G networks, 3G4G5G networks have higher standards, but all support GSM. The GPS generally refers to a global positioning system, including the Beidou system of China.

The mcu circuit is connected with the GSM/GPS circuit, and the GSM/GPS antenna is connected with the mobile phone GSM/GPS-APP to exchange data through the GSM/GPS module or the GSM/GPS component. And the vehicle owner operates the electric vehicle through the mobile phone GSM/GPS-APP. Can be remotely controlled.

The electronic key circuit comprises a two-core socket or a three-core socket. The mcu circuit is connected with the electronic key circuit and is respectively connected with an active electronic key or a passive electronic key of a vehicle owner through the two-core socket or the three-core socket. And the owner operates the electric vehicle through the active electronic key or the passive electronic key. To further save power, the electronic key circuit further comprises a self-closing circuit for active electronic key applications. See chinese patent 2019213344299 for electrical circuits. If the power saving function is omitted, the self-closing circuit is not needed.

The remote control anti-theft circuit comprises a radio frequency receiving special chip and an RF antenna. The RF antenna includes a built-in PCB antenna or an external antenna. And selecting the built-in PCB antenna when the remote control distance is only required to be within 10-50 m. The mcu circuit is connected with the remote control anti-theft circuit and is used for receiving the coded signal of the remote control anti-theft device. The vehicle owner operates the electric vehicle by using the remote control burglar alarm. This is the most common mode currently used by the industry.

A kind of mobile phone APP: the mobile phone APP is used for being in wireless connection with the adapter to complete monitoring of the electric vehicle.

The monitoring comprises on-off operation and anti-theft setting, and the high-end electric vehicle also comprises single or multiple combinations of electric vehicle parameter display, position display, driving path display and driving area setting. The on-off operation and the anti-theft setting are basic functions of the mobile phone APP. The electric vehicle parameter display, the position display, the driving path display and the driving region setting are optional functions of the mobile phone APP, and 1 item or multiple items can be selected. The position display, the travel path display, and the travel area setting are only for the GSM/GPS-APP.

The mobile phone APP is divided into BT-APP, NFC-APP and GSM/GPS-APP and is matched with the adaptor of the Bluetooth circuit, the NFC circuit and the GSM/GPS circuit for use.

The monitoring of the mobile phone APP can further comprise single or multiple combinations of soft and hard starting strength setting, soft and hard starting switching, rated voltage switching, under-voltage adjustment, current limiting adjustment, speed limiting setting, anti-slope sliding strength setting, reverse charging amplitude setting, brake force setting, parking force setting, anti-theft alarm sensitivity setting, chord voice mode setting, P-gear switch setting, cruise switch setting and one-key fault repairing driving mode setting, and setting of other items in the electric vehicle system. One or more items can be selected. For example, a certain leisure tricycle sold for the old and the old to ride on the bicycle can be realized by the utility model in order to ensure the safety that the children and the girls want to limit the speed by 10 steps. However, the conventional electric vehicle cannot be used, and the vehicle speed cannot be changed after leaving the factory because no electric vehicle factory sets the vehicle speed as low as possible.

The monitoring of the mobile phone APP may also include other settings related to the adaptor, the motor controller, the motor housing, as the adaptor, the motor controller or the motor housing and the mobile phone are networked.

A motor case: the motor box is connected with the adapter through the large wire and then connected with a motor controller H. Through the structure, the purpose is to facilitate customers to use the electric vehicle electrical appliance network control system taking the adapter as the core under the condition that the original motor controller manufacturer and scheme are not changed.

The motor box comprises a mcu circuit, a communication circuit and a motor controller circuit. See fig. 7.

The mcu circuit comprises an mcu chip and is connected with the communication circuit and the motor controller circuit.

The communication circuit comprises a communication line and is connected with the large line.

The motor controller circuit comprises a motor controller H related signal processing circuit and is connected with the motor controller H.

The signal required to be input by the motor controller H is transmitted by the motor controller circuit after the data transmitted from the adapter is processed by the mcu circuit.

The input signals comprise a handle turning signal (comprising an accelerator pedal) and a brake signal, and some vehicle types further comprise single or multiple combined signals of locking wires, backing, three-gear, cruising, P-gear, motor anti-theft locking, one-key repairing, soft and hard starting, rated voltage switching and motor learning. Wherein the handle signal and the brake signal are necessary, and the rest can be selected from one or more items according to the requirement.

And the signal required to be output by the motor controller H is transmitted to the mcu circuit through the motor controller circuit and is transmitted to the adapter through the large wire.

The output signal comprises a wire harness (communication) or/and speed display signal. The wire line outputs internal parameters according to a communication protocol, and 0/1 data of a BIT is generally judged by a duty ratio. The speed is displayed as an analog output of the speed, typically connected to the motor phase line.

Some motorcycle types need a DCDC converter, and at this moment, the motor box still includes converter circuit, and then connects the DCDC converter. The DCDC converter generally outputs 12V power to the whole vehicle instrument and lamp control system, which is used for large electric vehicles, and the voltage of the power line of the large line is 12V at the moment. In order to save cost, most electric vehicles directly use a storage battery as a system power supply, the DCDC converter is not needed, and the power line voltage of the large line is 48V/60V/72V (one of the voltage and the voltage).

In some vehicle models, a communication line is required to replace a switch outgoing line to switch on and off an internal working power supply (such as 15V and 5V) of the motor controller H, and at this time, the motor box comprises a communication following switch circuit. The internal working power supply of the traditional motor controller H works when the lock of the car owner is unlocked, and at the moment, the communication following switch circuit can be omitted. The communication line replaces the electric door lock outlet line so as to save 1 wire and the electric door lock and save cost.

The communication following switch circuit is connected with the communication line and the power circuit. Refer to chinese patent 201822156710X.

The motor box comprises a rear lamp control circuit used for switching a rear lamp of the vehicle. If the rear lights are centrally controlled by the adapter, the rear light control circuit is not needed.

The rear lamp control circuit comprises an electronic switch circuit, a sampling resistor circuit and a comparison circuit (including a comparator module in the mcu chip).

The electronic switch circuit comprises an electronic switch tube and is connected with the rear lamp. The mcu circuit is connected with the electronic switch circuit and controls the on-off of the rear lamp of the vehicle through the electronic switch circuit.

The sampling resistor circuit comprises a sampling resistor and is used for detecting the current of the rear lamp. The comparison circuit includes a comparator or an operational amplifier. The sampling resistance circuit is connected with the electronic switch circuit and the comparison circuit.

The mcu circuit is connected with the comparison circuit, the current of the rear lamp of the vehicle is monitored by detecting the output of the comparison circuit, and once the current exceeds a rated value, the electronic switch tube is closed, so that current-limiting protection or short-circuit protection is realized.

The rear light control circuit comprises a common ground mode or a common anode mode, and one of the common ground mode and the common anode mode is selected.

The common ground mode is that the negative poles of all the rear lamps are connected with a negative pole line, the electronic switch circuit is connected with the positive poles of the rear lamps, and the sampling resistor circuit is connected with a positive pole line. Most of the current industry vehicle lamps are in a common ground mode. See fig. 10.

The common-anode mode is that the anodes of all the rear lamps are connected with a positive line, the electronic switch circuit is connected with the cathodes of the rear lamps, and the sampling resistor circuit is connected with a negative line. The common positive mode has more performance and cost advantages and is the preferred scheme of the utility model. See fig. 11.

The upper and lower positions of the electronic switch circuit and the sampling resistor circuit can be exchanged to realize current limiting protection or short circuit protection, but a plurality of sampling resistors and a plurality of comparators are required, so that the protection of the utility model cannot be maliciously avoided.

A motor controller: the motor controller is connected with the adapter through the large wire or the large wire and the motor box, and respectively corresponds to a direct controller bus mode as shown in figure 2 and an indirect bus controller mode as shown in figure 3.

The motor controller comprises a mcu circuit and a motor control circuit. The mcu circuit is connected with the motor control circuit. The motor control circuit comprises a three-phase bridge arm motor driving circuit, a three-phase bridge arm electronic switching tube circuit, a motor rotor position sensor circuit, a sampling resistor circuit, a comparator circuit and an operational amplifier circuit. This is the existing functional circuitry of a conventional controller.

In the utility model, the motor controller is divided into 2 types of direct controllers and indirect controllers. The indirect controller is the above indirect controller H.

The direct controller is connected with the large wire. The direct controller includes a mcu circuit and a communication circuit. The communication circuit includes a communication line. And the direct controller exchanges data with the adapter in two directions according to a communication protocol through the large line. The control signal required to be input by the direct controller is transmitted by the adapter according to a communication protocol through the large line after being collected and processed. The internal parameters and fault information which need to be output by the direct controller are transmitted to the adapter through the large line according to a communication protocol. The simplest external wiring mode of the direct controller is that only 1 communication wire is arranged except for 5 position sensor leads of the motor, 3 phase wires and positive and negative power wires.

For the direct controller with the car tail lamp control, the direct controller further comprises a car tail lamp control circuit, and the car tail lamp control circuit is connected with the car tail lamp. The vehicle rear lamp control circuit comprises an electronic switch tube. The mcu circuit is connected with the vehicle rear lamp control circuit. The switching instruction of the rear lamp is transmitted by the adapter according to the communication protocol through the large line after being collected and processed. The vehicle rear lamp control circuit refers to the rear lamp control circuit of the motor box, as shown in fig. 10 and fig. 11. And if the control function of the rear lamp is not needed, the rear lamp control circuit is not needed.

The control signal required to be input by the indirect controller is transmitted to the motor box through the large wire according to a communication protocol after being collected and processed by the adapter and then transmitted after being processed by the motor box. The internal parameters and fault information which are required to be output by the indirect controller are processed by the motor box and then transmitted to the adapter through the large line according to a communication protocol.

A large wire: one end of the large wire is connected with the adapter, and the other end of the large wire is connected with the motor controller or the motor box.

The large line includes a communication line. The number of wires of the communication line is related to the communication mode, 2 wires are needed for CAN, I2C and RS485, and the simplest mode is bidirectional half-duplex communication, such as LIN, only needs 1 wire.

The simplest one of the large line types is only 3 lines of power lines, ground lines and communication lines, and only 2 lines of power lines and communication lines are provided if the negative pole is grounded.

The power line refers to a positive pole line of the storage battery or a positive pole line of the DC-DC converter.

Only 1 plug can be used at each end of the large wire. Aiming at the application of the adapter centralized control car tail lamp, the big line also comprises a non-communication line, such as a brake line, a night lamp line, a left steering lamp line, a right steering lamp line and a car reversing line.

The lead in the large wire has no bifurcated wire end near the instrument, and the wire combining process is not needed during production.

A rear lamp for a vehicle: the rear lamp is connected with the motor box of the adapter through the large wire.

The car rear lamp comprises a lamp body, a plug wire and a plug. The plug wire is connected with the lamp body and the plug. The plug is connected with the motor box.

The lamp body includes a rear lamp assembly. The rear lamp component comprises a night lamp, left and right steering lamps, a brake lamp and a reversing lamp and/or a fog lamp. The ground or power supply lines of the rear lamp assembly are shared so that there are minimal wiring. The outlet wires of the rear lamp component are inserted into the plug together.

The types of the rear lamps are divided into a common-sun mode and a common-ground mode.

The common positive mode is that the positive outlet wires of the rear lamp assemblies are connected to 1 positive wire, see fig. 14 and 15.

The common ground mode is that the negative outlet wires of the rear lamp assemblies are all connected to 1 negative wire, see fig. 12 and 13.

The rear lamp is distinguished from the split lamp. The former is turned left and right in 1 lamp body, applied to a two-wheel vehicle, as shown in figure 9; the latter is divided into 2 lamps for left and right steering, and is applied to three-wheel and four-wheel vehicles, as shown in figure 8.

An electric vehicle: the electric vehicle is provided with the adapter, the motor box, the motor controller, the large wire, the rear lamp or the mobile phone APP to operate the electric vehicle.

The utility model has the following effects: the bus technology is used for replacing the traditional special line mode, and the adapter integrates a plurality of electrical components of the traditional electric vehicle, so that the number of plug wire ends and wires is greatly reduced. The voice broadcasting circuit is added, information of any faults and operation aspects of the electric vehicle can be played in a voice mode, the intelligent display system is highly intelligent, and a vehicle owner and a dealer can quickly find out and eliminate the faults. An electronic safety function is added to prevent fire. The conversion of the motor box is introduced, so that the bus system can adapt to various motor controllers, the existing matching system of the motor controllers of a client is not changed, and the application range of the bus system is greatly enlarged. And the motor box is additionally provided with a rear lamp controller circuit, so that a plurality of wires from the head to the tail of the vehicle are further saved. The adapter is added with a Bluetooth circuit, an NFC circuit and a GSM/GPS circuit, so that the technical level and the networking application of the electric vehicle are improved, and meanwhile, the characteristic that an electric vehicle user or a seller customizes the electric vehicle through a mobile phone APP is provided. The performance of the electric vehicle is comprehensively improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1: an adapter circuit;

FIG. 2: direct controller bus mode;

FIG. 3: indirect controller bus mode;

FIG. 4: a Bluetooth circuit;

FIG. 5: an NFC circuit;

FIG. 6: a GSM/GPS circuit;

FIG. 7: a motor box circuit;

FIG. 8: a tricycle quadricycle rear light circuit;

FIG. 9: a two-wheeled vehicle rear light circuit;

FIG. 10: a common ground mode back light control circuit;

FIG. 11: a common-sun mode back light control circuit;

FIG. 12: a common ground integrated lamp;

FIG. 13: a common ground split lamp;

FIG. 14: a solar integrated lamp;

FIG. 15: a split lamp of common sun;

FIG. 16: an LED display circuit;

FIG. 17: an LCD display circuit;

FIG. 18: a VFD display circuit;

FIG. 19: a kind of flashing circuit;

FIG. 20: a common ground mode electronic fuse circuit.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 is an adapter circuit. CY series is selected for the mcu chip. The socket selects single-row XBH2.54 or double-row 5569. The communication selects LIN communication protocol or half-duplex UART. The man-machine interaction circuit is a combination of wireless remote control and Bluetooth. The instrument display circuit selects an external display mode and is externally connected by a socket, and all vehicle types can be installed due to strong adaptability.

The voice broadcasting circuit includes a voice chip, which is the core of the voice broadcasting circuit. Firstly, all the voices required by the electric vehicle are stored in a segmented mode according to the voice segment mode. If a certain sound is desired to be produced, the segment number is sent through the communication port, and the voice chip 2 plays the corresponding sound. For example, the voice data of "please note safe" is stored in the first section of the voice chip, and when the instruction with sequence number 1 is received, the voice chip will send out the "please note safe" section. If there are always 50 pieces of voice, the 50 pieces of voice data must be first stored in the voice chip 2. This storage process, which is typically done by the supplier of the voice chip, is done on demand before purchase, or the writer itself can download the voice data.

The type of the voice chip is determined according to the voice data to be stored and the requirement of the voice quality, and the working temperature range is also considered. The voice data is many, and the tone quality that requires is high, just needs to select the pronunciation chip of large capacity for use. Instead, a chip with a small capacity may be selected. The requirement of sound quality determines how much speech sampling rate is used, and thus how much capacity is needed. Sampling rates of 8K, 16K, 32K are relatively common. At present, a plurality of voice chips can be realized in the market, most of the voice chips are produced by Taiwan, and the voice chips with the specifications of 040, 060 and 080 are usually required. 040 means 40 seconds of storage space for speech, 060, 080 and so on.

For the mcu with the voice storage function, the mcu and the voice chip are combined together. They are packaged in one chip. At this time, the mcu and the voice chip are in internal communication, and an external communication protocol is not needed.

The power amplifier circuit amplifies the weak voice signal output by the voice chip to a certain power so as to drive the loudspeaker to make a sound. The larger the sound required, the greater the power amplification. The structure of the power amplifier circuit is related to the output form of the voice chip and the specification of the loudspeaker. Generally speaking, the voice output of the chip has two forms of DAC and PWM, and the sound playing device has a buzzer and a moving coil speaker, which results in various forms of the power amplifier circuit. Some circuits can be combined by common discrete devices, and triode circuits can be directly used for low power. Some power amplifier chips can be used, and LM386 can be selected for low power.

FIG. 2 is a direct controller bus mode. The storage battery is directly used in the power supply mode, and a DCDC converter is not needed. The motor controller is provided with a rear lamp control circuit, so that the large line is simplest. Dashed lines in the figure indicate options.

FIG. 3 is an indirect controller bus mode. The storage battery is directly used in the power supply mode, and a DCDC converter is not needed. The motor box selects the rear lamp control circuit, so that the large line is simplest. The motor box is directly inserted into the motor controller H. The motor box includes 3 kinds of plugs, main line, motor, back light. The socket is 5569 bent, the plug wire is led out from the side, and the shell can be very thin. Dashed lines in the figure indicate alternatives.

Fig. 4 is a bluetooth circuit. Wherein external bluetooth subassembly is bought to professional website, and the model is many. The utility model preferably selects a mcu chip with a Bluetooth module inside, such as RLT 8762.

Fig. 5 is an NFC circuit. The external NFC component is purchased from a professional website, and the models are many. The utility model preferably selects a mcu chip with a Bluetooth NFC module inside, such as PN 532.

FIG. 6 is a GSM/GPS circuit. Preferably external GSM/GPS components, to professional websites for purchase. If the system is developed by the user, the development period is very long because the professional type is too strong.

Fig. 7 is a motor case circuit. Dashed lines in the figure indicate alternatives. The technical parameters mainly considered in the type selection of the mcu chip are as follows: the operating speed, the temperature range, the quantity of GPIOs, the size of FLASH, the size of RAM, the mode of an external communication port and other parameters. At present, a plurality of single-chip microcomputers in the market can meet the requirement, and for example, the single-chip microcomputers can be used in a plurality of brand technologies of manufacturers such as Microchip, freescale, ST, infineon, cypress and the like.

The communication circuit comprises a large wire plug and is connected with a large wire.

The communication modes which can be selected by the utility model are as follows: uart, lin, can, i2c, 485, gpio analog communication and the like, and other communication modes are high in cost and are generally rarely used. The method is characterized in that uart, i2c and gpio analog communication are generally selected from low-end products such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles and electric tricycles; 485, lin and can communication is generally adopted in high-end product applications such as electric automobiles, electric cruisers, electric sightseeing vehicles, electric fire trucks and the like. The specific circuit varies depending on the communication mode.

uart, i2c and gpio analog communication ports are directly connected. However, communication is divided into master and slave, and a pull-up resistor is required on a module communication line of general master communication. In the utility model, the adapter is recommended to be used as a master module (master), and the motor box is recommended to be used as a slave module (slave).

Lin, i2c, 485 communication mode, need to join in marriage communication driver chip or drive circuit in addition. The chips have various models and can be found on professional websites. In this case, the communication circuit needs to be designed with these communication driving chips or driving circuits. The specific circuit is the data sheet of the use data of the relevant chip. Some mcu chips are integrated with the driving chip of the communication mode, and the communication circuit does not need to add any component and can directly lead out the communication line.

The motor controller circuit includes a motor controller H associated signal processing circuit.

The input signals of the motor controller H comprise a handle rotating signal (comprising an accelerator pedal) and a brake signal, and some vehicle types further comprise single or multiple combined signals of locking wires, reversing, three-gear, cruising, P-gear, motor anti-theft locking, one-key repairing, soft and hard starting, rated voltage switching and motor learning. The three-gear cruise control system comprises a three-gear cruise control system, a P-gear cruise control system, an anti-theft lock motor, a one-key repair system, a soft-hard start system, a rated voltage switching system and a motor learning system, wherein the three-gear cruise control system, the P-gear cruise control system, the anti-theft lock motor, the one-key repair system, the soft-hard start system, the rated voltage switching system and the motor learning system are directly completed by an output pin of a mcu chip, and software programming is only needed. The wire locking, the backing and the braking can be completed only by connecting the mcu output with a driving circuit, and an electronic switching tube is needed because the output voltage range of the electronic switching tube is between 0V and 12V 48V/60V/72V. The signals to be transferred (including the accelerator pedal) need DAC conversion, PWM module output filtering, or PWM output filtering of a GPO pin.

The output signals of the motor controller H include a cable (communication outlet) or/and speed display signals. A wire harness is connected with an input pin of the single chip microcomputer, and the mcu chip judges BIT BIT data through timing of high and low levels of the signal and usually needs the cooperation of an internal timer. The speed display signal is connected with an ADC input pin of the mcu chip after voltage division and filtering, and is completed by an ADC module.

The back light control circuit is shown in figures 10 and 11.

The communication follow switch circuit is shown in Chinese patent 201822156710X.

Fig. 8 is a rear lamp circuit of a tricycle quadricycle. The left and right of the rear lamp are respectively 1, and the rear lamp comprises a steering lamp (left or right), a night lamp, a brake lamp and a reversing lamp.

Fig. 9 shows a rear lamp circuit of a two-wheeled vehicle. The integrated vehicle lamp comprises a steering lamp (left and right), a night lamp and a brake lamp.

Fig. 10 is a common ground mode rear lamp control circuit. The Mcu chip is a CY series single chip microcomputer with an internal comparator. And selecting 1 sampling resistor, performing centralized protection, and finishing the interrupt program. Each rear lamp is provided with 1 independent electronic switching tube and is controlled by a plurality of GPOs (general purpose input/output) of the mcu chip.

Fig. 11 shows a control circuit for a rear lamp in a common mode. The Mcu chip is a CY series single chip microcomputer with an internal comparator. And selecting 1 sampling resistor, performing centralized protection, and finishing the interrupt program. Each rear lamp is provided with 1 independent electronic switching tube and is controlled by a plurality of GPOs (general purpose input/output) of the mcu chip.

Fig. 12 shows a common integrated tail lamp. The cathodes of all lamps are collectively connected.

Fig. 13 is a common split rear lamp. The cathodes of all lamps are collectively connected.

Fig. 14 is a common-sun integrated tail lamp. The anodes of all lamps are connected together.

Fig. 15 shows a split taillight of the sun. The anodes of all lamps are connected together.

Fig. 16 is an LED display circuit. And the LED driving circuit is completed by using a special LED driving chip. Such as AIP 1820. The mcu circuit transmits the data to the LED driving chip circuit through the SCL and the SDA to send display, and the LED driving chip circuit controls the LED array to display the relevant parameters of the electric vehicle.

Fig. 17 is an LCD display circuit. And the method is completed by using a special LCD driving chip. Such as HT 1621. The mcu circuit transmits the displayed DATA to the LCD driving chip through CS, WR and DATA, and the LCD driving chip controls the LCD screen to display the relevant parameters of the electric vehicle.

Fig. 18 is a VFD display circuit. And a special VFD driving chip is used for completing the operation. Such as AD 16311. The mcu circuit transmits data to the VFD driving chip through Dout, CLK and STB to send display, and the VFD driving chip controls the VFD screen to display relevant parameters of the electric vehicle.

Fig. 19 is a flash circuit. The electronic switching circuit comprises an electronic switching tube, and the mcu controls the electronic switching tube to realize the flashing of the car lamp. The car light comprises a left steering light, a right steering light, a brake light and a reversing light. Among them, the flash of the brake lamp and the backup lamp belongs to the bright point of the utility model, and is called as explosion flash in the industry. This is beneficial to improving the safety of driving. The connection of the mcu circuit to the lamp switching circuit is for detecting the switching state of the lamp.

Fig. 20 is an electronic fuse circuit. The electronic switch circuit comprises an electronic switch tube, and the mcu controls the electronic switch tube to realize the load switch of the electric appliance. The sampling resistance circuit and the comparison circuit are used for current limiting or short circuit protection of the car lamp, namely, electronic fuse, replaces a traditional fuse box, and prevents fire. The connection of the mcu circuit to the appliance switch circuit is for detecting the switch state of the associated appliance.

The foregoing embodiments and description have been provided merely to illustrate the principles of the utility model and one example thereof, and various changes and modifications may be made based on the principles and within the scope of the utility model as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. An adapter, characterized by: the adapter comprises a mcu circuit, a functional circuit, a communication circuit and a functional socket circuit;

the mcu circuit comprises an mcu chip and is connected with the functional circuit and the communication circuit; the functional socket circuit is connected with the functional circuit and the communication circuit;

the function circuit comprises a combined rotating handle circuit, a combined switch circuit, a voice broadcasting circuit, an electronic safety circuit, a lamp control circuit, an instrument display circuit and a man-machine interaction circuit; the combined rotating handle circuit, the combined switch circuit, the voice broadcasting circuit, the electronic safety circuit, the lamp control circuit, the instrument display circuit and the man-machine interaction circuit are all connected with the mcu circuit;

the functional socket circuit comprises a single-row socket or/and a double-row socket corresponding to the functional circuit and is connected with the functional circuit; the single-row socket or/and the double-row socket are/is connected with the electric appliance in front of the vehicle respectively or connected with the electric appliance in front of the vehicle through a patch cord; one end of the patch cord is welded on the PCB of the adapter, and the other end of the patch cord is connected with a waterproof plug; the PCB wiring port of the patch cord corresponds to the jacks of the single-row socket or/and the double-row socket; the outgoing lines of the electric appliances in front of the vehicle are connected into a single plug and are respectively plugged into the single-row socket or/and the double-row socket which are respectively special for the adapter, or are respectively plugged into the waterproof plugs of the adapter lines which are respectively special for the adapter;

the functional socket circuit comprises a single-row or double-row large-wire socket; the large wire socket is connected with a large wire; the front end of the large wire is connected with the adapter, and the rear end of the large wire is connected with a motor controller or a motor box; the communication circuit and the large wire comprise communication wires; the motor controller and the motor box comprise a mcu circuit; the adaptor exchanges data with the motor controller or the motor box in two directions according to a communication protocol through the large wire; the motor box is connected with a motor controller H;

the combined rotating handle circuit is connected with a combined rotating handle and the mcu circuit, and the mcu circuit processes signals collected from the combined rotating handle and then transmits the signals to the motor controller or the motor box through the communication line according to a communication protocol;

the combined switch circuit is connected with the combined switch and the mcu circuit, and the mcu circuit processes signals collected from the combined switch and then transmits the signals to the motor controller or the motor box through the communication line according to a communication protocol;

the voice broadcasting circuit comprises a voice chip circuit and a power amplifier circuit, the voice chip circuit is connected with the power amplifier circuit, and the power amplifier circuit is connected with a loudspeaker; the voice chip circuit is connected with the mcu circuit and used for playing parameters of the electric vehicle, wherein the parameters comprise fault information and sounds corresponding to operation;

the electronic fuse circuit is connected with the mcu circuit; the electronic safety circuit comprises an electronic switch circuit, a sampling resistor circuit and a comparison circuit; the sampling resistance circuit is connected with the comparison circuit, and the mcu circuit is connected with the electronic switch circuit and the comparison circuit; the electronic safety circuit monitors the current of the electric appliances in the whole vehicle or in the front of the vehicle, and cuts off the power supply if the current is over-current, so that the related electric appliances are protected;

the lamp control circuit is connected with the mcu circuit; the lamp control circuit is connected with the combined rotating handle circuit, the combined switch circuit, the electronic safety circuit and the instrument display circuit and is used for controlling and displaying the state of the electric vehicle lamp; the lamp control circuit further comprises a flash circuit; the flash circuit comprises an electronic switching tube and is connected with the mcu circuit; for the application scheme of the motor controller or the motor box with the rear lamp control, the mcu circuit transmits lamp control information to the motor box or the motor controller with the rear lamp control through the large wire according to a communication protocol;

the instrument display circuit is connected with the mcu circuit and used for displaying the state and parameters of the vehicle; the instrument display circuit is divided into an inner display mode circuit and an outer display mode circuit; the internal display mode circuit has a display function of the adapter, comprises an LED, an LCD or a VFD display device and a special chip circuit and a drive circuit which are related to the LED, the LCD or the VFD display device, and is connected with the mcu circuit; the external display mode circuit comprises an instrument socket, and is connected with an external instrument through the instrument socket;

the man-machine interaction circuit is connected with the mcu circuit and used for the car owner to operate the turning on and off and the theft prevention of the electric car.

2. An adaptor according to claim 1, wherein: the man-machine interaction circuit comprises a Bluetooth circuit, an NFC circuit, a GSM/GPS circuit, an electronic key circuit and a remote control anti-theft circuit, and is a single or multiple combination;

the Bluetooth circuit comprises an internal Bluetooth module or an external Bluetooth assembly of the mcu chip and a Bluetooth antenna; the mcu circuit is connected with the Bluetooth circuit, and is connected with the Bluetooth antenna through the Bluetooth module in the mcu chip or the external Bluetooth assembly to exchange data with the BT-APP of the mobile phone; the vehicle owner operates the electric vehicle through the mobile phone BT-APP;

the NFC circuit comprises an NFC module inside the mcu chip or an external NFC component and an NFC antenna; the mcu circuit is connected with the NFC circuit, and the NFC antenna is connected through an NFC module in the mcu chip or the external NFC assembly to exchange data with an RFID card, or exchange data with a mobile phone bound with the RFID card, or exchange data with a mobile phone NFC-APP; the owner operates the electric vehicle by using the RFID card, the mobile phone bound with the RFID card or the NFC-APP;

the GSM/GPS circuit comprises a GSM/GPS module inside the mcu chip or an external GSM/GPS component and a GSM/GPS antenna; the mcu circuit is connected with the GSM/GPS circuit and is connected with the GSM/GPS antenna through the GSM/GPS module or the GSM/GPS component to exchange data with a mobile phone GSM/GPS-APP; the vehicle owner operates the electric vehicle through the mobile phone GSM/GPS-APP;

the electronic key circuit comprises a two-core socket or a three-core socket; the mcu circuit is connected with the electronic key circuit and is respectively connected with an active electronic key or a passive electronic key of a vehicle owner through the two-core socket or the three-core socket; the vehicle owner operates the electric vehicle through the active electronic key or the passive electronic key; for further power saving, the electronic key circuit further comprises a self-closing circuit for an active electronic key application;

the remote control anti-theft circuit comprises a radio frequency receiving special chip and an RF antenna; the RF antenna comprises a built-in PCB antenna or an external antenna; selecting the built-in PCB antenna when the remote control distance is only required to be within 10-50 meters; the mcu circuit is connected with the remote control anti-theft circuit and is used for receiving a coding signal of a remote control anti-theft device; the vehicle owner operates the electric vehicle by using the remote control burglar alarm.

3. A cell-phone APP which characterized in that: the mobile phone APP is used for wirelessly connecting the adaptor of claim 1 or 2 to complete monitoring of the electric vehicle; the monitoring comprises on-off operation and anti-theft setting, and the high-end electric vehicle also comprises single or multiple combinations of electric vehicle parameter display, position display, driving path display and driving area setting; the mobile phone APP is divided into BT-APP, NFC-APP and GSM/GPS-APP, and the BT-APP, the NFC-APP and the GSM/GPS-APP are respectively matched with the adaptor of the Bluetooth circuit, the NFC circuit and the GSM/GPS circuit.

4. The mobile phone APP as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the monitoring of the mobile phone APP comprises a single item or a plurality of items of combination of soft and hard starting strength setting, soft and hard starting switching, rated voltage switching, under-voltage adjustment, current-limiting adjustment, speed-limiting setting, anti-slope-sliding strength setting, reverse charging amplitude setting, brake force setting, parking force setting, anti-theft alarm sensitivity setting, chord voice mode setting, P-gear switch setting, cruise switch setting and one-key fault repairing driving mode setting.

5. A motor box, its characterized in that: the motor box is connected with the adaptor of claim 1 or 2 through the large wire and then connected with a motor controller H; the motor box comprises a mcu circuit, a communication circuit and a motor controller circuit;

the mcu circuit comprises an mcu chip and is connected with the communication circuit and the motor controller circuit;

the communication circuit comprises a communication line and is connected with the large line;

the motor controller circuit comprises a motor controller H related signal processing circuit and is connected with the motor controller H;

the signal required to be input by the motor controller H is transmitted by the motor controller circuit after the data transmitted from the adapter is processed by the mcu circuit; the input signals comprise handle turning signals and brake signals, and some vehicle types further comprise single or multiple combined signals of locking wires, reversing, three-gear, cruising, P-gear, anti-theft locking motors, one-key repairing, soft and hard starting, rated voltage switching and motor learning;

the signal required to be output by the motor controller H is transmitted to the mcu circuit through the motor controller circuit and transmitted to the adapter through the large wire; the output signals comprise a wire harness or/and speed display signals;

some vehicle types need a DCDC converter, and at the moment, the motor box further comprises a converter circuit which is connected with the DCDC converter;

in some vehicle types, a communication line is required to replace an electric door lock outlet line to switch on and off an internal working power supply of the motor controller H, and at the moment, the motor box comprises a communication following switch circuit; the communication following switch circuit is connected with the communication line and the power circuit.

6. The motor case of claim 5, wherein: the motor box comprises a rear lamp control circuit for switching on and off a rear lamp of the vehicle; the rear lamp control circuit comprises an electronic switch circuit, a sampling resistor circuit and a comparison circuit;

the electronic switch circuit comprises an electronic switch tube and is connected with the rear lamp; the mcu circuit is connected with the electronic switch circuit and controls the on-off of the rear lamp of the vehicle through the electronic switch circuit;

the sampling resistor circuit comprises a sampling resistor and is used for detecting the current of the rear lamp of the vehicle; the comparison circuit comprises a comparator or an operational amplifier; the sampling resistance circuit is connected with the electronic switch circuit and the comparison circuit;

the mcu circuit is connected with the comparison circuit, the current of the rear lamp of the vehicle is monitored by detecting the output of the comparison circuit, and once the current exceeds a rated value, the electronic switch tube is closed to realize current-limiting protection or short-circuit protection;

the rear light control circuit comprises a common ground mode or a common anode mode; the common ground mode is that the cathodes of all the rear lamps are connected with a cathode line, the electronic switch circuit is connected with the anode of the rear lamps, and the sampling resistor circuit is connected with an anode line; the common-anode mode is that the anodes of all the rear lamps are connected with the anode line, the electronic switch circuit is connected with the cathodes of the rear lamps, and the sampling resistor circuit is connected with the cathode line.

7. A motor controller characterized by: the motor controller is connected with the adaptor of claim 1 or 2 through the large wire or the large wire and the motor box; the motor controller comprises a mcu circuit and a motor control circuit; the mcu circuit is connected with the motor control circuit; the motor control circuit comprises a three-phase bridge arm motor driving circuit, a three-phase bridge arm electronic switching tube circuit, a motor rotor position sensor circuit, a sampling resistor circuit, a comparator circuit and an operational amplifier circuit; the motor controllers are divided into 2 types of direct controllers and indirect controllers;

the direct controller is connected with the large wire; the direct controller comprises a mcu circuit and a communication circuit; the communication circuit comprises a communication line; the direct controller exchanges data with the adapter in two directions according to a communication protocol through the large line; the control signal required to be input by the direct controller is transmitted by the adapter according to a communication protocol through the large line after being collected and processed; the internal parameters and fault information which need to be output by the direct controller are transmitted to the adapter through the large line according to a communication protocol; the simplest external wiring mode of the direct controller is that only 1 communication wire is arranged except 5 motor position sensor leads, 3 phase wires and positive and negative power wires;

for the direct controller with the rear lamp control, the direct controller also comprises a rear lamp control circuit, and the rear lamp control circuit is connected with the rear lamp; the vehicle rear lamp control circuit comprises an electronic switch tube; the mcu circuit is connected with the rear lamp control circuit; the switching instruction of the rear lamp is transmitted by the adapter according to the communication protocol through the large line after being collected and processed;

the control signal required to be input by the indirect controller is transmitted to the motor box through the large line according to a communication protocol after being collected and processed by the adapter and then transmitted after being processed by the motor box; the internal parameters and fault information which are required to be output by the indirect controller are processed by the motor box and then transmitted to the adapter through the large line according to a communication protocol.

8. A large wire, characterized in that: one end of the large wire is connected to the adaptor of claim 1 or 2, and the other end of the large wire is connected to the motor controller or the motor box; the large wire comprises a communication wire; the simplest one of the large lines is only 3 lines of a power line, a ground line and a communication line, and only 2 lines of the power line and the communication line are provided if the negative electrode is grounded; the power line is a positive electrode line of the storage battery or a positive electrode line of the DC-DC converter; aiming at the application of the adapter for centrally controlling the rear lamp, the large line comprises a non-communication line.

9. A vehicle rear lamp is characterized in that: the rear lamp is connected to a motor box connected to the adaptor of claim 1 or 2 through the large wire;

the rear lamp comprises a lamp body, a plug wire and a plug; the plug wire is connected with the lamp body and the plug; the plug is connected with the motor box;

the lamp body comprises a rear lamp component; the rear lamp component comprises a night lamp, a left steering lamp, a right steering lamp, a brake lamp and a reversing lamp and/or a fog lamp; the ground wire or the power wire of the rear lamp component is shared; the outgoing lines of the rear lamp component are inserted into the plug together;

the types of the rear lamps are divided into a common-sun mode and a common-ground mode; the common-anode mode is that the anode outgoing lines of the rear lamp assemblies are connected to 1 anode line, and the cathode outgoing lines of the rear lamp assemblies are connected to 1 cathode line.

10. An electric vehicle, characterized in that: the electric vehicle is equipped with an adaptor of claim 1 or 2, or a motor box of claim 5 or 6, or a motor controller of claim 7, or a large wire of claim 8, or a rear light of claim 9, or a cell phone APP of claim 3 or 4 for operating the electric vehicle.

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