CN215752803U

CN215752803U - Adapter and instrument, headlight, taillight and electric vehicle

Info

Publication number: CN215752803U
Application number: CN202121487084.8U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 不公告发明人
Original assignee: Tianjin Jiujiu Electronics Co ltd
Current assignee: Tianjin Jiujiu Electronics Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-07-01
Filing date: 2021-07-01
Publication date: 2022-02-08
Anticipated expiration: 2031-07-01

Abstract

The utility model discloses an adapter, an instrument, a front lamp, a rear lamp and an electric vehicle. The adapter comprises a mcu circuit, a combined handle circuit, a combined switch circuit and a communication circuit. The mcu circuit comprises an mcu chip and is connected with the combined rotating handle circuit, the combined switch circuit and the communication circuit. The adapter contains an integrated meter circuit, referenced to the numbers or light block tape described in the light block tape patent. The adapter comprises an integrated instrument circuit, an external instrument circuit, a lamp control circuit, a wireless remote control receiving circuit or a plug-in electronic key receiving circuit. The plug wires of the electrical components fixed to the handlebar must be inserted from below the adapter. The installation mode is divided into: customizing space, customizing shell and wrapping and hanging in a car factory. Three-proofing paint or glue pouring improves waterproof dustproof performance. The electric appliance performance of the whole electric vehicle is improved at multiple angles.

Description

Adapter and instrument, headlight, taillight and electric vehicle

Technical Field

The technical field of electric vehicles, in particular to an electric vehicle appliance.

Background

For the convenience of description, the following is used for short:

"front patent" refers to Chinese patent CN 201920296676.8;

the 'rear lamp control patent' refers to Chinese patent CN 201920816272.7;

"patent with light block" refers to chinese patent CN 202020285403.6;

"Large wire" refers to a bundle of wires connected between electrical components of an electric vehicle, which are generally bundled together and respectively connected to various electrical components, some of which are called wire harnesses;

the electric vehicle refers to a vehicle powered by batteries, such as a four-wheel electric vehicle, an electric sightseeing vehicle, an electric sweeper, an electric forklift, a baby carriage, an electric bicycle, an electric moped, an electric motorcycle, an electric tricycle and the like;

the 'plug' refers to the electronic device which is provided with the plug sheet and realizes the electric plug-in connection at the tail end of the wire head;

"end of line" refers to a small segment of wire from the electrical component;

"headlight" means the front end of the miniature electric vehicle is used for illuminating the far light or the near light;

"li lamp", also called driving lamp, daytime running lamp, means the lamp that the electric motor car lights up when starting;

"night light" means the electric vehicle turns on the headlight, namely the light that lights, is equivalent to the width indicating light of the big car;

the 'headlight assembly' refers to a component which is arranged on a handlebar or a driving platform at the front end of the electric vehicle and is used for lighting and has the function of displaying parameters of the electric vehicle. Or original pure headlight illumination is added with parts with functions of instruments after the utility model is applied. Also called lamp holder, combined headlight;

the 'combination instrument' refers to a component with the function of displaying electric vehicle parameters at the front end of an electric vehicle, and comprises a component combined with a large lamp (the components are called as the combination instrument, a gauge head and a lamp holder in the industry);

the "combination switch" refers to a component which is installed on a handlebar or a driving platform and has a plurality of switches combined together, such as a lamp control switch, a steering switch, a horn switch, a three-gear switch, a cruise switch, or the like. The switch combination is called two-in-one switch in the industry, the switch combination is called three-in-one switch in the industry, and the switch combination is called four-in-one switch in the industry. The three-in-one switch is widely applied in the market at present.

The combined rotating handle is a component which is arranged on a handlebar or a driving platform and is combined with a plurality of switches, such as a single or a plurality of combinations of a lamp control switch, a steering switch, a horn switch, a P-gear switch, a reversing switch, a three-gear switch, a cruise switch and the like. The industry of 2 switch combinations is called two-in-one rotating handle, the industry of 3 switch combinations is called three-in-one rotating handle, and the industry of 4 switch combinations is called four-in-one rotating handle. The current market commonly uses a two-in-one rotating handle;

the electronic switch is broadly a Darlington tube, an IGBT tube or an MOS tube;

the 'electric appliance in front of the vehicle' refers to all electric appliances near the front end instrument of the electric vehicle, such as an electric door lock, a brake switch, a reversing switch, a gear switch, a P-gear switch, a repair switch, a cruise switch, various lamps, a windscreen wiper, a loudspeaker, a vehicle door, an air conditioner, a sound device and the like.

The adapter of the prior patent only provides a basic framework for electric appliance circuit connection of the electric vehicle, but specific installation process, structural process, waterproof and dustproof process, electric appliance plugging process, combined instrument or combined headlamp structural process, assembling process, instrument structure, headlamp structure, rear lamp structure and the like are not definitely agreed, particularly, interfaces of electric appliances in the front of the vehicle are not standardized, and application and popularization of the adapter and production and assembly of the electric vehicle are greatly influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model discloses an adapter, an instrument, a front lamp, a rear lamp and an electric vehicle, and aims to improve the functional circuit of the previous patent and make up for the defects of the previous patent. Meanwhile, the related technical points of a rear lamp control patent and a bright block belt patent are fused, so that the adapter and the electric vehicle electric appliance system thereof are more scientific and perfect.

The main improvement links are as follows: the combination is turned into the integration, combination switch integration, the main line integration, the instrument integration, the integration of the front lamp, the integration of the back lamp; the adapter is additionally provided with an integrated instrument circuit and an external instrument circuit interface is definite, so that the adapter can be applied to an external instrument and can also be applied to the self-integrated instrument function, and then a digital and bright block display mode is introduced, thereby greatly improving the display effect of the adapter. The optimization of the circuit system of the electric appliance, the large wire, the instrument, the front lamp and the rear lamp in the front of the vehicle is a brand new content in the industry and a new standard, so that the utility model has novelty. The structure of the standardized instrument, the structure of the standardized combination switch, the structure of the standardized combination rotating handle, the convention and improvement of a waterproof and dustproof process, the circuit updating of system electrical appliances, the improvement of a production and assembly process, the structure convention of an adapter shell, the arrangement of the plug wire direction of an electrical appliance in the front of a vehicle and the like can greatly improve the electrical appliance performance of the whole vehicle from multiple angles.

An adapter: the adapter comprises a mcu circuit, a combined handle circuit, a combined switch circuit and a communication circuit. The mcu circuit comprises an mcu chip and is connected with the combined rotating handle circuit, the combined switch circuit and the communication circuit.

The combined rotating handle circuit comprises a rotating handle single-row socket so as to be externally connected with a combined rotating handle. The single-row socket of the rotating handle combines the combined rotating handle with the original scattered sockets in one socket and is directly welded on the circuit board of the adapter. The previous patent used 3 sockets. The conventional combined rotating handle uses 3 plugs, and the corresponding sockets need 3 plugs and cannot be welded on a circuit board.

The combined rotating handle circuit comprises a rotating handle circuit and is used for controlling the driving speed of the electric vehicle. The combined rotating handle circuit is also applied to the accelerator pedal circuit of the large-sized electric vehicle.

The combined rotating handle circuit also comprises a far and near lamp switch circuit, a horn switch circuit, a cruise switch circuit, a P-gear switch circuit, a reversing switch circuit, a three-gear switch circuit and a repair switch circuit which are combined singly or in multiple. Some combined handle circuits comprise a reversing switch circuit and a three-gear switch circuit, which are the most commonly used combinations; some combined handle circuits comprise a near light switch circuit, a reversing switch circuit and a horn switch circuit. The choice of combination is based on customer needs and vehicle type.

The combined switch circuit comprises a switch single-row socket so as to be externally connected with a combined switch. The single-row switch socket combines the originally scattered sockets of the combined switch into one socket and is directly welded on a circuit board of the adapter. The previous patent used 3 sockets. The traditional combination switch uses 3 plugs, and the corresponding sockets need 3 plugs and can not be welded on a circuit board.

The combined switch circuit also comprises a far and near lamp switch circuit, a steering switch circuit, a horn switch circuit, a cruise switch circuit, a P-gear switch circuit, a reversing switch circuit, a three-gear switch circuit and a repair switch circuit. Some combination switch circuits include a near light switch circuit, a steering switch circuit, and a horn switch circuit, which are the most commonly used combinations; some combined switch circuits comprise a near light switch circuit, a reversing switch circuit and a P-gear/horn multiplexing switch circuit; some combination switch circuits include a steering switch circuit and a cruise switch circuit.

The communication circuit comprises a large-wire single-row socket, and the large-wire single-row socket combines the originally scattered sockets of the large wires in one socket and is directly welded on the circuit board of the adapter. The previous patent used 2 sockets. The large wire single-row socket is connected with a large wire, the large wire comprises a communication wire, and the communication wire is connected with a motor controller to realize bidirectional communication. The big line contains communication line, power cord, some still contain car back light pencil. The rear lamp wire harness comprises related wires of a brake lamp, a night lamp, a backup lamp and a steering lamp.

The reason for emphasizing a single-row plug for a target electrical appliance is to reduce the space of the circuit board, the material cost of the electrical appliance or the plug, and the number of times of plugging, namely the labor cost. But requires adjustment of these parts manufacturers. For production applications, conventional multiple plugs may be used.

The signals related to the combined rotating handle and the combined switch are transmitted to the motor controller through the communication line. The adapter works in a bus control system of the electric vehicle and exchanges data with the motor controller in two directions according to a specific communication protocol. There are products on the market called "adapters", but the signals associated with the combination bar and the combination switch are transmitted to the motor controller via a plurality of dedicated conductors, respectively, and belong to a non-bus mode.

The circuit board of the adapter is coated with three-proofing paint or potting adhesive on two sides, and the adapter is used for improving the electrical insulation performance and the mechanical performance of the circuit board, and is particularly used for water prevention and dust prevention.

Transparent colloid is preferred to the encapsulating material to operating personnel can see the other characters sign of specific socket on the circuit board, with the mistake of inserting of preventing. The operator refers to an assembly person or an after-market maintenance person in an electric vehicle factory.

Compared with the prior art, the glue filling is more reliable, but the cost is highest.

The contact pin of the socket is not touched when the three-proofing paint is coated, so that the reliable electrical connection is ensured. The utility model prefers a dip painting process without painting. When glue is poured, the circuit board is fixed on the rear cover and then can be operated, and meanwhile, the space of the socket is reserved and the contact pin is not covered.

The three-proofing paint coating or the glue pouring is used for improving the reliability, but the two processes are not necessary, and the adapter can work. And may be eliminated for cost savings. The three-proofing paint coating or the potting adhesive is customized according to customer requirements.

The circuit board of the adapter adopts double-sided placement of components or replacement of a socket of the circuit board and a surface-mounted socket under the condition that the space is limited, so that the area of the circuit board is reduced to a greater extent, and the adapter can be mounted in a smaller space to adapt to more vehicle types. See fig. 3, 4. In addition, the cost of the circuit board and the cost of the adapter housing are saved, and the disadvantage is that the plugging is crowded. If the electric vehicle has wide space, components and parts placed on two sides and a patch replacing socket are eliminated, and the electric vehicle has the advantage of convenient wire plugging for workers. Determined according to the vehicle type and the customer requirements.

And (3) wire plugging direction convention: the plug wire of the electric appliance in front of the vehicle must be inserted from the lower part of the adapter, so that raindrops are prevented from flowing onto the circuit board of the adapter along the plug wire. The plug wires are inserted into the circuit board from the lower part and then are bent upwards, and the bent point is called a water guide bend. Such as a combination switch, a combination rotating handle, a left brake switch and a right brake switch, lead wires of the combination switch, the combination rotating handle and the left brake switch are exposed outside and are all higher than the adapter. If these leads enter from above the adapter, raindrops flow down the wires onto the circuit board of the adapter.

The requirement of the water guide bend only aims at the electric vehicle with the naked driving platform, such as a two-wheel vehicle and a three-wheel vehicle. The water deflection of large electric vehicles with closed driving platforms, such as electric vehicles and three-wheeled caravans, is not needed.

The installation mode of the adapter is as follows: customizing space, customizing shell and wrapping and hanging in a car factory. One of the three ways is adopted.

The factory customized space is the installation position of the adapter circuit board reserved in a specific position by the whole electric vehicle factory. The circuit board is directly fixed. This is the best installation method, because the whole car factory has already customized the installation position, and waterproof dustproof and plug-in assembly technology has all designed. Large customers may adopt it, but small plants are difficult to implement because of the adjustments related to the associated commercial part molds or structures. The following is an example of the adjustment: the screw hole of the circuit board is preset in the corresponding shell in front of the vehicle, and a special blocking cover or a shell shielding plate is arranged right above the circuit board and used for preventing water and dust. The length of the plug is greater than the left and right width of the circuit board, and the width of the plug is greater than the height of all plugs of the vehicle front electrical appliances spliced on the circuit board. And a downward rain guiding edge is arranged to prevent rainwater from dropping on the circuit board. The rain guide is vertically downward or obliquely downward. The material of iron, aluminum, stainless steel or plastic can be selected. The iron piece has antirust paint.

The customized shell is the self-contained shell of the adapter, and is fixed by using a screw, a binding belt or an adhesive mode or hung in a corresponding space of the electric vehicle. Typically mounted in a retaining shell beneath the handle bar or steering wheel. The bonding is mostly done with double-sided adhesive tape. If the device is hung, the adapter and the lead wires below the handlebar need to be tied together, and the specific direction of the adapter is ensured, so that the water guide bending direction faces downwards. Preferably, the front cover and the rear cover of the shell are fixed by clamping heads or clamping grooves without screws, so that time is saved for field workers to install. The shell is only provided with a hole at the lower end, so that the wire can be conveniently plugged. And the other directions are all provided with waterproof treatment processes. The rear cover is provided with the positioning column and the screw column of the adapter circuit board, and after the relevant vehicle front electric appliance is inserted, the front cover is buckled.

The wrapping suspension is that after the plugs of the front electric appliances are positioned, the circuit board and the plug wires are wrapped by using adhesive tapes or sleeves and are suspended in corresponding spaces and plugged into corresponding baffle shells in the front of the vehicle. At this time, the adaptor needs to be tied with the plug wire of the electric appliance in front of the vehicle, so that the specific direction of the adaptor is ensured, and the water guide bending direction faces downwards. Such as a combination switch, a combination rotating handle and plug wires of a left brake switch and a right brake switch. This was the initial market prejudice, since the corresponding housing in the front of the vehicle did not have corresponding fixing screw holes or slots, and the housing of the adapter may be left unfixed.

The corresponding space or shell in front of the bicycle comprises a blocking shell (mainly aiming at leisure three-wheeled vehicles and two-wheeled vehicles) under a front fork headlight, a headlight shell (commonly called three-way large opening for freight three-wheeled vehicles and directly enlarging the inside of the headlight) or a front blocking shell (aiming at chartered vehicles or electric motorcycles, the internal space of the front blocking shell is very large).

For large electric vehicles such as caravans, four-wheel vehicles and the like, the adapter is more convenient to install, has enough large space and does not need waterproof treatment. Because the vehicle shell is waterproof as a whole. As long as the installation is convenient.

The adapter comprises a wireless remote control receiving circuit for receiving the coded signal of the anti-theft remote controller. The mcu circuit is connected with the wireless remote control receiving circuit. The remote control receiving circuit comprises a radio frequency receiving special chip, 2 to 5 capacitors and 1 to 3 inductors are externally matched with the chip, and some chips can work by 1 crystal oscillator. See fig. 5. The original patent is a special radio frequency receiving module circuit board for outsourcing, and has higher price compared with the prior art. The special chip for radio frequency receiving comprises inductors which need to be adjusted manually and inductors which do not need to be adjusted manually. This patent is preferred does not need the special chip of radio frequency receiving of artifical adjustment inductance.

Or the adapter comprises a plug wire electronic key receiving circuit, and the plug wire electronic key circuit is connected with the electronic key and used for receiving the coded signal of the electronic key; the mcu circuit is connected with the plug wire electronic key receiving circuit; the wired electronic key is used for replacing a wireless remote controller, so that the cost of the anti-theft alarm circuit can be greatly reduced. The related circuit of the electronic key is disclosed in chinese patent CN201921334429.9

Only one of the remote control receiving circuit and the electronic key receiving circuit is selected. The remote control mode is most common at present.

The adapter includes an integrated meter circuit so that the adapter can directly display parameters of the electric vehicle. I.e. the adapter itself integrates the instrument function or the combination headlight function.

Display data related to the motor controller is transmitted to the mcu circuit through the communication line, such as: speed, power, temperature, current, various faults, etc.

The integrated meter circuit comprises a digital code or a bright block band. The digital code or the bright block has good display effect. The structure of the digital code or the light block strip is referred to as a light block strip patent.

The digital or bright block bands are implemented by LED, LCD, or VFD, respectively. Among them, the LED is the most common, the LCD has many applications, and the application of the VFD is the initiative of the present invention.

The mcu circuit comprises an mcu chip;

the integrated meter circuit includes an LED circuit, an LCD circuit, or a VFD circuit. Only one of the 3 modes of the actual adapter product is selected.

The LED circuit comprises a mcu circuit and an LED array, and the LED array is directly placed on the back of the circuit board of the adapter.

The LED digital or bright block band is directly driven by a pin of the mcu chip or driven by an LED driving chip. And 2, selecting one of the modes.

If the mcu chip pin direct drive mode is selected, the LED circuit comprises an xy scanning circuit, the mcu circuit is connected with the xy scanning circuit, and the xy scanning circuit is connected with the LED array. This mode saves money the most. The xy scan circuit is described in the patent for bright blocks.

If an LED driving chip mode is selected, the LED circuit comprises an LED driving chip circuit, the mcu circuit is connected with the LED driving chip circuit, and the LED driving chip circuit is connected with the LED array. The LED array is placed directly on the back of the circuit board. See fig. 10.

The LCD circuit comprises a mcu circuit, an LCD driving chip circuit and an LCD screen; the mcu circuit is connected with the LCD driving chip circuit, and the LCD driving chip circuit is connected with the LCD screen; the LCD screen is directly placed on the back of the circuit board. See fig. 11.

The VFD circuit comprises a mcu circuit, a VFD driving chip circuit and a VFD screen. The mcu circuit is connected with the VFD driving chip circuit, and the VFD driving chip circuit is connected with the VFD screen. The VFD screen is directly placed on the back of the circuit board of the adapter; see fig. 12.

The LED array, the LCD screen or the VFD screen face outwards, the circuit board of the adapter is fixed on a display panel of the combination instrument or the combination headlamp through screws, pressing strips, clamping grooves or bonding modes, and display contents are sent out through light holes of the display panel. Characters or icons of corresponding parameters are printed beside the light holes of the display panel.

The size of the rear cover or the rear shell of the combination instrument or the combination headlamp is larger than that of the circuit board of the adapter, so that the front electrical appliance and the large wire can be conveniently plugged. The shell of the combination instrument or the combination headlamp is provided with a waterproof structure.

The integrated meter circuit also includes a digital or bar-shaped display strip of an LED, LCD or VFD that is conventional in present electric vehicles. The bar-shaped display band is a bar band consisting of a plurality of small bar segments and is used for displaying relevant parameters, such as the display mode of the oil quantity or the temperature of the automobile. How much oil is present is indicated by the proportional bright light bar segments.

The code segments of the conventional digital codes have equal width, and the fonts have equal height and equal width. The rod segments of the conventional rod-like display band are of equal width and the rod bands are of equal width. The conventional digital or bar-shaped display tape is placed directly on the back side of the circuit board.

The circuit board of the adapter comprises an electrical socket, and the side of the circuit board where the electrical socket is inserted is the front side of the circuit board. This is to set off the convention of "back".

The specific fixing method comprises the steps of fixing the circuit board firstly, and then plugging in the front electric appliance and the large wire, or plugging in the front electric appliance and the large wire firstly, and then fixing the circuit board. The inner structure of the combination instrument or the combination headlight is mainly involved, and the mold support is needed.

The adapter comprises an external instrument circuit for displaying the parameters of the electric vehicle by an external instrument. The external instrument circuit comprises an instrument single-row socket and is connected with an instrument through the instrument single-row socket. The former item is that the adapter displays the electric vehicle parameters by itself, and integrates the function of an instrument; the electric vehicle parameter display device is externally connected with an instrument to display electric vehicle parameters. The actual adapter product only selects one of the modes.

The mcu circuit is connected with the external instrument circuit and used for controlling the display content of the instrument.

The single-row socket of the instrument comprises pins corresponding to a left-turn indicator lamp, a right-turn indicator lamp, a headlamp indicator lamp, a power supply anode and a ground wire.

The high end meter also includes pins corresponding to the speed display signal. The speed display signal is obtained by the mwm output port controlled by the mcu circuit according to the Hall signal change speed transmitted by the rear-end motor controller through the communication line and then through the speed conversion circuit. The speed conversion circuit is shown in fig. 15. Or the speed display signal is connected with a phase line of the rear-end motor controller and displays the speed after filtering. The former is preferred in the present invention, which eliminates 1 wire and associated pin.

The adapter comprises a lamp control circuit. The lamp control circuit comprises a sampling resistor circuit, an electronic switch circuit, a vehicle front switch circuit, a comparison circuit and a mcu circuit.

The mcu circuit is connected with the electronic switch circuit, the vehicle front switch circuit and the comparison circuit.

The electronic switch circuit comprises a switch tube, and the mcu circuit is connected with the electronic switch circuit and controls the headlight through the switch tube. The centralized mode also controls the rear lights.

The mcu circuit is connected with the vehicle front switch circuit and used for collecting the state of the vehicle front switch. The front switch of the vehicle comprises a combination of circuits such as a far light switch, a near light switch, a steering switch, a horn switch, a cruise switch, a P-gear switch, a reversing switch, a three-gear switch and a repair switch. Some vehicle types contain all the switches, and some vehicle types only contain part of the switches.

The front vehicle switch circuit further comprises a large-wire single-row socket, and the large-wire single-row socket is connected with a communication wire.

The comparison circuit is connected with the sampling resistance circuit. The voltage at the two ends of the sampling resistor circuit reflects the current flowing by the vehicle lamp, and the short-circuit protection of the vehicle lamp is started when the voltage value of the voltage is greater than a set value. If the cost is reduced, the sampling resistance circuit is cancelled and replaced by the internal resistance of the switching tube, and the electronic switching circuit is directly connected with the comparison circuit. The sampling resistor circuit can also be moved between the electronic switching circuit and the front switching circuit.

The mcu circuit is connected with the comparison circuit and used for detecting the output state of the comparison circuit. The comparison circuit mainly comprises a comparator, such as an operational amplifier chip. Some are internal comparator implementations of the mcu chip. The mcu circuit controls the electronic switch circuit according to the state of the comparison circuit.

The electronic switch circuit is connected with the front switch circuit and the sampling resistor circuit.

The comparison circuit is connected with the sampling resistance circuit;

the front switch circuit comprises a single-row socket of the headlights, and the single-row socket of the headlights is connected with the headlights. For a small electric vehicle, the headlamp single-row socket comprises a left-turn lamp socket, a right-turn lamp socket and a high-low lamp socket. Wherein far and near lamp socket contains gift lamp and near lamp contact pin, and some still contain far lamp contact pin. The distance lamp socket is divided into 3P and 4P. 3P headless lamps. The 4P common-ground headlight single-row socket comprises a far lamp, a near lamp, a gift lamp and a ground; the 4P common-anode headlight single-row socket comprises a far lamp, a near lamp, a gift lamp and a power supply anode. For a large electric vehicle, the single-row socket of the front lamp comprises a left-turn lamp socket and a right-turn lamp socket. The left turn lamp socket comprises a plurality of combinations of a left turn lamp, a far lamp, a near lamp, a fog lamp, a width lamp and a gift lamp. The right turn lamp socket comprises a combination of a right turn lamp, a far lamp, a near lamp, a fog lamp, a width lamp and a gift lamp. Some vehicle types do not have fog light, ceremony light, and other vehicle types do not have a width indicating light.

Wherein far and near lamp socket contains gift lamp and near lamp contact pin, and some still contain far lamp contact pin. The distance lamp socket is divided into 3P and 4P. The 3P non-far lamp 4P common ground headlight single-row socket comprises a far lamp, a near lamp, a gift lamp and a ground; the 4P common-anode headlight single-row socket comprises a far lamp, a near lamp, a gift lamp and a power supply anode.

The front vehicle switch circuit comprises a large-wire single-row socket, and the large-wire single-row socket is connected with a communication wire. The mcu circuit exchanges data with other intelligent components, such as a motor controller, through the communication line. The communication line belongs to a part of a large line, and generally comprises 1-2 wires. The utility model preferably selects single-wire half-duplex communication, commonly called 'one-wire communication', and only needs 1 wire. For a bus mode lamp control circuit, the large wire single row socket comprises a communication wire and a power wire pin. The utility model prefers 3P pins (communication line, power positive and ground). To the lamp control circuit of centralized mode, big line single socket contains communication line, power cord, the relevant contact pin of car back light pencil, like the multinomial combination of indicator, reversing light, brake light, night-light (nearly light), fog lamp, li lamp. For small electric vehicles, 8P contact pins (a communication line, a power supply anode, a ground, a left lamp, a right turn lamp, a reversing lamp, a brake lamp and a night lamp) are preferably selected.

The lamp control circuit comprises a common ground concentration mode, a common ground bus mode, a common anode concentration mode or a common anode bus mode. Only one of the 4 modes is selected and determined according to different vehicle types. The co-positive mode is preferred in the present invention.

In the common ground concentration mode, the positive electrode of the sampling resistor circuit is connected with a positive electrode wire, the single-row socket of the front lamp is connected with the positive electrode of the front lamp, and the single-row socket of the large wire is connected with the positive electrode of the rear lamp through a rear lamp wire harness. The vehicle rear lamp wire harness, the communication wire and the power wire (positive and negative) form a large wire together. The electronic switch circuit is connected with the anodes of all front switches, and all the vehicle lamps are turned off when the electronic switch circuit is turned off. The comparison circuit includes a differential operational amplifier circuit. The negative pole ground connection of all subassemblies of headlight and car back light, electronic switch circuit belongs to high-end control, P type MOS pipe or PNP type darlington pipe are chooseed for use to the switch tube. See fig. 18.

In the common ground bus mode, the anode of the sampling resistor circuit is connected with a positive wire, the single-row socket of the front lamp is connected with the anode of the front lamp, and the mcu circuit transmits the switch information of the rear lamp to the rear lamp control circuit through the communication wire. The rear lamp control circuit comprises a sampling resistor circuit, an electronic switch circuit, a comparison circuit and a mcu circuit. The back light control circuit belongs to a functional circuit of a motor controller. The negative pole ground connection of all subassemblies of headlight and car back light, electronic switch circuit belongs to high-end control, P type MOS pipe or PNP type darlington pipe are chooseed for use to the switch tube. See fig. 20.

In the common-anode centralized mode, the negative pole of the sampling resistor circuit is connected with a negative pole wire, the single-row socket of the front lamp is connected with the negative pole of the front lamp, and the single-row socket of the large wire is connected with the negative pole of the rear lamp through a rear lamp wire harness. The vehicle rear lamp wire harness, the communication wire and the power wire (positive and negative) form a large wire together. The electronic switch circuit is connected with the cathodes of all the switches in front of the vehicle, and all the vehicle lamps are turned off when the electronic switch circuit is turned off. The comparison circuit includes a differential operational amplifier circuit. The positive poles of all components of the front lamp and the rear lamp are connected with positive lines, the electronic switch circuit belongs to low-end control, and the switch tube is an N-type MOS tube or an NPN-type Darlington tube. See fig. 19.

In the common-anode bus mode, the negative electrode of the sampling resistor circuit is connected with a negative electrode wire, the single-row socket of the front lamp is connected with the negative electrode of the front lamp, and the mcu circuit transmits the switching information of the rear lamp to the rear lamp control circuit through the communication wire. The rear lamp control circuit comprises a sampling resistor circuit, an electronic switch circuit, a comparison circuit and a mcu circuit. The back light control circuit belongs to a functional circuit of a motor controller. The positive poles of all components of the front lamp and the rear lamp are connected with positive lines, the electronic switch circuit belongs to low-end control, and the switch tube is an N-type MOS tube or an NPN-type Darlington tube. See fig. 21.

A meter:

the instrument is connected to the adapter, is matched with the external instrument circuit of the adapter to complete the parameter display function of the electric vehicle, and is connected to the single-row instrument socket of the adapter.

The instrument comprises 3 to 7 combinations of a left-turn indicator light, a right-turn indicator light, a headlamp indicator light, a speed display circuit, an electric quantity display circuit, a mcu circuit and a single-row plug of the instrument. See fig. 13, 14. The higher-end instrument also comprises a plurality of fault prompts and the like for displaying various faults, such as Hall faults, motor faults, rotating handle faults, brake faults, controller over-temperature, over-voltage and the like. Some instruments can distinguish the far and near light states. The simplest combination is only a headlight indicator light, an electric quantity display circuit and a single-row plug of an instrument, and the simplest combination is used for a simple two-wheel electric vehicle. The highest-grade meter comprises the 7 items, wherein a speed display circuit and a power display circuit are completed by the mcu circuit, and specific circuits refer to an integrated meter circuit and a bright block band patent. For the non-intelligent instrument without the mcu circuit, 5 combinations of the left-turn indicator light, the right-turn indicator light, the headlamp indicator light, the electric quantity display circuit and the single-row plug of the instrument are also practical.

The single-row plug of the instrument is connected with 2-5 combinations of the left-turn indicator light, the right-turn indicator light, the headlamp indicator light, the electric quantity display circuit and the mcu circuit. The 2 items of combination that the single row of plug of instrument connects headlight pilot lamp, electric quantity display circuit is the simplest, only shows switching on and shutting down and electric quantity. The 5 combination is the top meter.

The mcu circuit is connected with the single-row plug of the instrument, the electric quantity display circuit and the speed display circuit. The wheat speed line is connected with the speed display circuit, and the voltage of the signal of the wheat speed line corresponds to the display value of the speed. The wheat speed line is a phase line of the motor, or is a single chip microcomputer PWM signal of the adapter connected with the wheat speed line and then is obtained through the speed conversion circuit, or a D/A output signal of the speed conversion circuit. The display modes and the display contents of the electric quantity display circuit and the speed display circuit are completed by the mcu circuit. This is the structure of a smart meter.

The electric quantity display circuit is connected with the mcu circuit. The electric quantity display is completed by the mcu circuit, and the mcu circuit is connected at the moment and belongs to an intelligent instrument; or the electric quantity display is completed by a non-intelligent chip, the most common is 339 four operational amplifier chips, commonly called 339 meters, and the positive wire is connected at the moment.

All the plug wires of the meter are placed in one plug. The one-time splicing is realized, and labor and materials are saved. The traditional instrument is completed by more than 2 plugs, and a plurality of ground wires are led out.

The left-turn indicator light, the right-turn indicator light and the headlamp indicator light are composed of bulbs or LED lamps. Fig. 13 and 14 show a conventional bulb, which also contains LED bulbs.

If the function of the instrument is combined with a large lamp, the instrument becomes a 'headlamp assembly'. Some of them are called "combined headlamps". The headlight assembly includes the display function of the instrument, and the market also has the mode. Therefore, the instrument comprises a "headlamp assembly".

The meter includes a common ground mode, or a common sun mode. The market currently employs a common ground model, which is unique to the present invention.

In the common ground mode, the cathodes of 2 to 5 combinations of the left turn indicator light, the right turn indicator light, the headlight indicator light, the electric quantity display circuit and the speed display circuit are connected together in a centralized manner and are connected with the single-row plug of the instrument. Traditional many ground wires, and divide a plurality of plugs, can't dock with the socket of circuit board.

In the common positive mode, the anodes of 2-5 combinations of the left turn indicator light, the right turn indicator light, the headlight indicator light, the electric quantity display circuit and the speed display circuit are connected together in a centralized manner and are connected with the single-row plug of the instrument. This is a mode unique to the present invention.

Only the instrument with the structure can be matched with an external instrument circuit of the adapter to work, otherwise, the external instrument circuit loses practical significance.

A headlamp for a vehicle:

the headlight is connected with the adapter, is matched with the lamp control circuit of the adapter to complete the headlight control of the electric vehicle, and is connected to the headlight single-row socket.

The headlamp includes a headlamp single row plug, and a headlamp assembly.

The headlamp assembly comprises 2 to 6 combinations of a far lamp, a near lamp, a ceremony lamp, a steering lamp, a width lamp and a fog lamp. The combination of the far light, the near light and the gift light is usually a simple electric bicycle headlight of a leisure tricycle, as shown in figures 16 and 17; the far light, the near light, the gift light, the steering light, the width light and the fog light are combined into a split headlight of the large-sized vehicle, the left headlight and the right headlight are respectively shown in figures 22 and 23. There are other headlamp combinations.

The turn signal lamps are divided into left turn signal lamps and right turn signal lamps for large vehicles.

The far light, the near light, the steering light, the fog light, the width indicating light and the gift light are composed of bulbs or LED lamps.

The single-row plug of the automobile headlamp is connected with the automobile headlamp assembly. The plug wire of the headlamp assembly is placed in a plug.

The headlamp comprises a common ground type or a common sun type. There are 2 types in total.

In the common ground type vehicle headlamp, the vehicle headlamp single row plug includes a ground wire insert, and the negative electrode of the vehicle headlamp assembly is collectively connected to a ground wire and to the ground wire insert. See fig. 16, 22.

In the common-anode type vehicle headlamp, the single-row plug of the vehicle headlamp comprises a positive electrode line inserting sheet, and the positive electrode of the vehicle headlamp assembly is connected to a positive electrode line in a centralized manner and is connected to the positive electrode line inserting sheet. See fig. 17, 23.

Only the headlights of the above-mentioned structure can cooperate with the lamp control circuit of the adapter to work, otherwise the lamp control circuit loses its practical meaning.

A rear lamp for a vehicle:

the rear lamp is connected with the adapter through the rear lamp wiring harness (centralized type) or the communication line (bus type), is matched with the lamp control circuit of the adapter to complete the rear lamp control of the electric vehicle, and is connected to the large-line single-row socket.

The rear lamp comprises a single-row plug of the rear lamp and a rear lamp component.

The rear lamp assembly comprises 2 to 5 combinations of a steering lamp, a reversing lamp, a brake lamp, a fog lamp and a width indicating lamp. The turn signal lamps are divided into left turn signal lamps and right turn signal lamps for large vehicles. The wide light of the large-sized vehicle and the small-sized vehicle are called night lights. The combination of the left turn lamp, the right turn lamp, the reversing lamp, the brake lamp and the night lamp is generally an integrated rear lamp of the two-wheeled electric vehicle, as shown in figures 8 and 9; the turn light, the reversing light, the brake light, the fog light and the width indicating light are combined into a large-sized vehicle split rear light, the left light and the right light are respectively shown in figures 6 and 7. The combination of the brake lamp and the night lamp is the simplest back lamp and is used for the simple electric bicycle. And other rear lamps.

The turn light, the reversing light, the brake light, the fog light and the width indicating light are composed of bulbs or LED lamps.

The single-row plug of the rear lamp is connected with the rear lamp component. The plug wire of the rear lamp assembly is placed in a plug.

The rear lamp comprises a common ground type or a common sun type. There are 2 types in total.

In the common ground type rear lamp, the single-row plug of the rear lamp comprises a ground wire insert, and the negative electrode of the rear lamp component is connected to a ground wire in a centralized manner and is connected to the ground wire insert. See fig. 6 and 8.

In the positive type car tail lamp altogether, the single row plug of car tail lamp contains positive polar line inserted sheet, the anodal concentrated connection to positive polar line of car tail lamp subassembly is connected to positive polar line inserted sheet. See fig. 7, 9.

Only the vehicle rear lamp with the structure can be matched with the lamp control circuit of the adapter to work, otherwise, the lamp control circuit loses the practical significance.

An electric vehicle is equipped with the adapter, the meter, the headlight, or the backlight.

The utility model has the following effects: standardized combined rotating handle, combined switch, large wire, instrument, headlight, back light, three-proofing paint and glue pouring process, mounting process and shell structure; an integrated combined rotating handle, a combined switch, a meter, a front lamp and a rear lamp; the adapter is additionally provided with a wireless remote control receiving circuit or a plug-in electronic key receiving circuit, and both a wireless remote controller and a plug-in electronic key can be used; the adapter is additionally provided with an integrated instrument circuit and an external instrument circuit interface, so that the adapter can be applied to an external instrument and also can be applied to an integrated instrument. The multi-angle greatly improves the performance of the electric appliance of the whole automobile, and the improvements are not available in the industry at present, so that the utility model has novelty and creativity.

Drawings

FIG. 1: a single-sided element layout 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 2: a single-sided component layout 2 of the present invention;

FIG. 3: the double-sided element layout 1 of the utility model;

FIG. 4: the double-sided element layout 2 of the utility model;

FIG. 5: a special chip circuit for radio frequency receiving;

FIG. 6: the large vehicle is divided into rear lamps on the same ground;

FIG. 7: the large vehicle is a split rear lamp;

FIG. 8: the small-sized vehicles are integrated into a whole with a rear lamp;

FIG. 9: the small vehicle is a sun-sharing integrated vehicle back lamp;

FIG. 10: an LED display circuit;

FIG. 11: an LCD display circuit;

FIG. 12: a VFD display circuit;

FIG. 13: a common ground instrument;

FIG. 14: a common positive instrument;

FIG. 15: a speed conversion circuit;

FIG. 16: a small vehicle common ground headlight;

FIG. 17: a small-sized vehicle-sun headlight;

FIG. 18: a common ground concentrated mode lamp control circuit;

FIG. 19: a common-anode centralized mode lamp control circuit;

FIG. 20: a common ground bus mode lamp control circuit;

FIG. 21: a common-anode bus mode lamp control circuit;

FIG. 22: large vehicle co-ground headlights;

FIG. 23: the large-scale vehicle is a sun vehicle headlight.

Detailed Description

The circuit structure of the adapter and the electric vehicle electrical system is described in the related descriptions of the front patent, the rear lamp control patent and the bright block with patent.

All the following figures show only one bulb for simplicity, each bulb also representing a series connection of a single or multiple LEDs and its current limiting resistor. The series connection of a single or multiple LEDs and their current limiting resistors is referred to as an LED string. In LED applications, the positive pole of the lamp is the point where current flows into the LED string, and the negative pole of the lamp is the point where current flows out of the LED string. And the application of LED lamps is now more common.

The function of the comparator circuit is judged by the ADC conversion cycle if the protection delay can be extended. The electronic switch internal resistance sampling circuit comprises a clamping circuit, and the comparator or the mcu chip is prevented from being burnt out by a high end when the electronic switch is turned off.

The following technical parameters mainly considered for the type selection of the MCU chip are as follows: the operating speed, the temperature range, the quantity of GPIOs, the FLASH size, the RAM size, the mode of the external communication port and other parameters are considered. At present, a plurality of single-chip microcomputers in the market can meet the requirement, and for example, the single-chip microcomputers can be used in a plurality of brand technologies of manufacturers such as Microchip, freescale, ST, infineon, cypress and the like.

The following alternative communication modes are available: uart, lin, can, i2c, 485, gpio analog communication and the like, and other communication modes are high in cost and are generally rarely used. The method is characterized in that uart, i2c and gpio analog communication are generally selected from low-end products such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles and electric tricycles; 485, lin and can communication is generally selected in high-end product applications such as electric automobiles, electric patrol cars, electric sightseeing cars, electric fire engines and the like. The specific circuit varies depending on the communication mode.

uart, i2c and gpio analog communication ports are directly connected. However, communication is divided into master and slave, and a pull-up resistor is required on a module communication line of general master communication. In the utility model, the adapter is recommended to be a master module (master), and the controller is recommended to be a slave module (slave).

Lin, i2c, 485 communication mode, need to join in marriage communication driver chip or drive circuit in addition. The chips have various models and can be found on professional websites. The specific circuit is the data sheet of the use data of the relevant chip. Some mcu chips are integrated with the driving chip of the communication mode, and the driving chip or the driving circuit is omitted.

The utility model preferably selects a bidirectional half-duplex serial communication mode, and only needs 1 communication line.

The following is a detailed description of only those portions of the utility model which relate to improvements.

Fig. 1 shows a single-sided component layout 1 according to the utility model. All the front electric appliances are directly plugged into the corresponding sockets of the adapter. And the communication wire with the motor controller is combined in a large wire single-row socket. All functional components are plugged by single-row sockets and comprise a combined rotating handle, a combined switch, a large wire, a headlamp and an instrument. All components are placed on the top layer of the circuit board. All the sockets are provided with Chinese character marks beside. Or other types of sockets can be selected, and the basic condition is that the socket can be welded on a circuit board and can be butted with a plug of a front electric appliance. The wireless remote control receiving circuit is a special circuit board purchased outside.

Fig. 2 shows a single-sided device layout 2 according to the present invention. Similar to fig. 1, there is less functionality. If the special socket and iron horn function of the double-flash switch are not available. The inductor with the wireless remote control receiving circuit needs to be manually debugged at 3.5T or 2.5T.

Fig. 3 shows a double-sided component layout 1 according to the utility model. Double-sided layout, both sides have components. And the sockets of the top layer are all patch sockets. This makes the area of the adapter circuit board smaller. Or other types of receptacles may be used.

Fig. 4 shows a double-sided component layout 2 according to the utility model. Double-sided layout, both sides have components. The dark color is the top layer and the dark color is the bottom layer. Using a plug-in socket. The wireless remote control receiving circuit is arranged, the special chip for wireless radio frequency receiving is utilized, manual debugging of the specific inductor is not needed, and manual debugging cost is saved. The PCB wiring antenna replaces an external lead antenna. The anti-theft device comprises a key-free circuit and an anti-theft vibration detection circuit. All front electrical appliances have special sockets. The instrument is externally connected. The combined rotating handle, the combined switch, the instrument and the main line respectively use 1 socket, and the PCB board corresponds to corresponding characters. The 4 corners of PCB board have the locating hole, 2 upper and lower screw fixation holes. The comparison circuit adopts a differential operational amplifier circuit. The voice circuit comprises a special voice chip, is matched with an external horn interface, and has a plurality of voice functions of a driving horn, a reversing horn, an anti-theft alarm, various fault prompts, driving prompts and the like.

Fig. 5 shows a chip circuit dedicated for radio frequency reception. The capacitor and the inductor are externally matched to work. Some special radio frequency receiving chips need 1 crystal oscillator. Some special radio frequency receiving chips need to manually adjust inductance of 3.5T, 2.5T and 1.5T, and some do not need. The integration level is high, saves the cost.

FIG. 6: the large-scale vehicle divides the car tail lamp altogether. The automobile brake lamp comprises 5 assemblies of a steering lamp, a reversing lamp, a brake lamp, a fog lamp and a width indicating lamp, the cathodes of the 5 assemblies are intensively grounded, and only 1 plug is arranged outside. Some rear lights only have 3 assemblies of a steering light, a reversing light, a brake light and a width indicating light. The steering lamp is divided into a left steering lamp and a right steering lamp. The rear lamps of the large-scale vehicle and the ground vehicle are respectively arranged on the left and the right of the electric vehicle and belong to split lamps.

FIG. 7: the large-scale vehicle is totally positive and split type car back light. The automobile width indicator lamp comprises 5 assemblies of a steering lamp, a reversing lamp, a brake lamp, a fog lamp and a width indicator lamp, wherein the anodes of the 5 assemblies are intensively connected with a positive line, and only 1 plug is arranged outside. Some rear lights only have 3 assemblies of a steering light, a reversing light, a brake light and a width indicating light. The steering lamp is divided into a left steering lamp and a right steering lamp. The rear lamps of the large-scale vehicle sharing the sun are respectively arranged on the left and the right of the electric vehicle, and belong to split lamps.

FIG. 8: the small-sized vehicle is integrated with a rear lamp. Contain 5 subassemblies of left turn lamp, right turn lamp, reversing light, brake light, night-light, ground connection is concentrated to their negative pole, and it is external only 1 plug. Some rear lamps only have 4 components of a left turn lamp, a right turn lamp, a brake lamp and a night lamp; some rear lights only have 2 assemblies of a brake light and a night light. The small-sized vehicle is provided with only one rear lamp and belongs to an integrated lamp.

FIG. 9: the small-sized vehicle is a sun-sharing integrated vehicle back lamp. Contain 5 subassemblies of lamp, the lamp that turns to the right, reversing light, brake light, night-light, their positive pole is concentrated and is connect positive polar line, and it is external only 1 plug. Some rear lamps only have 4 components of a left turn lamp, a right turn lamp, a brake lamp and a night lamp; some rear lights only have 2 assemblies of a brake light and a night light. The mini-car is a sun-shared car, and only one rear lamp electric car belongs to an integrated lamp.

FIG. 10: an LED display circuit. And the LED driving circuit is completed by using a special LED driving chip. Such as AIP 1820. The mcu circuit transmits the data to the LED driving chip circuit through the SCL and the SDA to send display, and the LED driving chip circuit controls the LED array to display the relevant parameters of the electric vehicle.

FIG. 11: an LCD display circuit. And the method is completed by using a special LCD driving chip. Such as HT 1621. The mcu circuit transmits the displayed DATA to the LCD driving chip through CS, WR and DATA, and the LCD driving chip controls the LCD screen to display the relevant parameters of the electric vehicle.

FIG. 12: a VFD display circuit. And a special VFD driving chip is used for completing the operation. Such as AD 16311. The mcu circuit transmits data to the VFD driving chip through Dout, CLK and STB to send display, and the VFD driving chip controls the VFD screen to display relevant parameters of the electric vehicle.

FIG. 13: a common ground instrument. The negative poles of all the components of the instrument are concentrated in a grounding wire. This is an intelligent instrument, the speed and power display being controlled by the mcu circuit. The non-intelligent instrument cancels the mcu circuit, the positive pole of the electric quantity display circuit is connected with the positive pole line, the positive pole of the speed display circuit is connected with the wheat speed line, the electric quantity display is completed by the 339 operational amplifier chip, and the speed display cancels or refers to the electric quantity display circuit.

FIG. 14: a kind of instrument for sharing sun. And the anodes of all the components of the instrument are connected with a positive line in a centralized manner. This is an intelligent instrument, the speed and power display being controlled by the mcu circuit. The non-intelligent instrument cancels the mcu circuit, the negative electrode of the electric quantity display circuit is connected with the ground wire, the negative electrode of the speed display circuit is connected with the wheat speed wire, the electric quantity display is completed by the 339 operational amplifier chip, and the speed display cancels or refers to the electric quantity display circuit.

FIG. 15: a speed conversion circuit. The mcu circuit obtains data related to the speed of the motor controller through a communication line, and adjusts the duty ratio of the PWM module circuit according to the data to obtain a corresponding output signal. The output signal drives 2 triodes to obtain a pulse signal with specific voltage. After the pulse signal is sent to an external instrument, the instrument filters to obtain a speed-related value. The voltage of the voltage regulator tube in the figure determines the maximum value that the meter can display.

FIG. 16: the small vehicle is a common ground vehicle headlight. Contain 3 subassemblies of far-reaching lamp, nearly lamp, li lamp, ground connection is concentrated to their negative pole, and it is external only to have 1 plug. Some headlamps only have 2 assemblies of a near light and a gift lamp. The number of the mini-car common-ground vehicle headlamps is only 1, and the mini-car common-ground vehicle headlamps belong to a single lamp.

FIG. 17: the small car is a sun car headlight. Contain 3 subassemblies of far-reaching lamp, nearly lamp, li lamp, their anodal is concentrated and is connect positive polar line, and it is external only to have 1 plug. Some headlamps only have 2 assemblies of a near light and a gift lamp. The electric vehicle with the mini-type vehicle-sun headlight is only 1, and belongs to a single lamp.

FIG. 18: a common ground concentrated mode lamp control circuit. The electronic switch circuit and the front switch circuit control the front lamp and the rear lamp through the rear lamp wire harness. The cathodes of the front and rear lamps are grounded. The comparison circuit obtains the current consumed by the whole vehicle according to the sampling resistance circuit, if the current is larger than a rated value, the current means overcurrent or short circuit, the interruption protection program of the mcu circuit is triggered immediately, and the switch tube in the electronic switch circuit is closed, so that abnormal large current is cut off, and related wire harnesses are prevented from being burnt out and fires are prevented. When the fault point is eliminated, the power is supplied again to restore normal work after the fault part is replaced, and the operation of replacing the fuse by the traditional maintenance method is not needed. The electric vehicle system large line comprises a communication line, power lines (positive and negative) and a vehicle rear lamp wire harness. The front lamp comprises a small vehicle single lamp and a large vehicle split lamp, and the rear lamp comprises a small vehicle integrated lamp and a large vehicle split lamp. The centralized mode has the defect that all the vehicle lamps are closed only if 1 vehicle lamp is short-circuited, and the vehicle lamps can work after the fault is eliminated.

FIG. 19: a common-anode centralized-mode lamp control circuit. The electronic switch circuit and the front switch circuit control the front lamp and the rear lamp through the rear lamp wire harness. The positive poles of the front lamp and the rear lamp are connected with a positive pole wire. The comparison circuit obtains the current consumed by the whole vehicle according to the sampling resistance circuit, if the current is larger than a rated value, the current means overcurrent or short circuit, the interruption protection program of the mcu circuit is triggered immediately, and the switch tube in the electronic switch circuit is closed, so that abnormal large current is cut off, and related wire harnesses are prevented from being burnt out and fires are prevented. When the fault point is eliminated, the power is supplied again to restore normal work after the fault part is replaced, and the operation of replacing the fuse by the traditional maintenance method is not needed. The electric vehicle system large line comprises a communication line, power lines (positive and negative) and a vehicle rear lamp wire harness. The front lamp comprises a small vehicle single lamp and a large vehicle split lamp, and the rear lamp comprises a small vehicle integrated lamp and a large vehicle split lamp. The centralized mode has the defect that all the vehicle lamps are closed only if 1 vehicle lamp is short-circuited, and the vehicle lamps can work after the fault is eliminated.

FIG. 20: a common ground bus mode lamp control circuit. The electronic switch circuit and the front switch circuit control the headlights. The negative poles of the headlights are all grounded. The comparison circuit obtains the current consumed by the headlamp according to the sampling resistor circuit, if the current is larger than the rated value, the current means overcurrent or short circuit, the interruption protection program of the mcu circuit is triggered immediately, the switch tube in the electronic switch circuit is closed, and therefore abnormal large current is cut off, and related wire harnesses are prevented from being burnt out and fire disasters are prevented. When the fault point is eliminated, the power is supplied again to restore normal work after the fault part is replaced, and the operation of replacing the fuse by the traditional maintenance method is not needed. The switch information of the rear lamp is transmitted to the rear lamp control circuit by the mcu circuit of the adapter through the communication line according to the state of the switch circuit in front of the vehicle. The cathodes of the rear lamps are all grounded. When the rear lamp of the vehicle is in overcurrent or short circuit, the rear lamp control circuit detects and disconnects abnormal large current, so that related wire harnesses are prevented from being burnt out and a fire disaster is prevented. The fault information of the back light is transmitted to the adapter through a communication line for further processing, such as voice or LED/LCD fault display. The bus mode has the advantage that failure of the headlights does not affect the normal operation of the headlights, and conversely, failure of the headlights does not affect the normal operation of the headlights. The back light control circuit belongs to a functional circuit of a motor controller. The electric vehicle system main line comprises a communication line and a power line (positive and negative). The front lamp comprises a small vehicle single lamp and a large vehicle split lamp, and the rear lamp comprises a small vehicle integrated lamp and a large vehicle split lamp.

FIG. 21: a common-anode bus mode lamp control circuit. The electronic switch circuit and the front switch circuit control the headlights. The positive electrodes of the headlights are all connected with the positive electrode wire. The comparison circuit obtains the current consumed by the headlamp according to the sampling resistor circuit, if the current is larger than the rated value, the current means overcurrent or short circuit, the interruption protection program of the mcu circuit is triggered immediately, the switch tube in the electronic switch circuit is closed, and therefore abnormal large current is cut off, and related wire harnesses are prevented from being burnt out and fire disasters are prevented. When the fault point is eliminated, the power is supplied again to restore normal work after the fault part is replaced, and the operation of replacing the fuse by the traditional maintenance method is not needed. The switch information of the rear lamp is transmitted to the rear lamp control circuit by the mcu circuit of the adapter through the communication line according to the state of the switch circuit in front of the vehicle. The positive poles of the rear lamps are connected with the positive pole line. When the rear lamp of the vehicle is in overcurrent or short circuit, the rear lamp control circuit detects and disconnects abnormal large current, so that related wire harnesses are prevented from being burnt out and a fire disaster is prevented. The fault information of the back light is transmitted to the adapter through a communication line for further processing, such as voice or LED/LCD fault display. The bus mode has the advantage that failure of the headlights does not affect the normal operation of the headlights, and conversely, failure of the headlights does not affect the normal operation of the headlights. The back light control circuit belongs to a functional circuit of a motor controller. The electric vehicle system main line comprises a communication line and a power line (positive and negative). The front lamp comprises a small vehicle single lamp and a large vehicle split lamp, and the rear lamp comprises a small vehicle integrated lamp and a large vehicle split lamp.

FIG. 22: large-scale vehicle is ground car headlight altogether. Contain 6 subassemblies of far-reaching lamp, nearly lamp, li lamp, indicator, width lamp, fog lamp, ground connection is concentrated to their negative pole, and it is external only 1 plug. Some headlights have 4 assemblies of a far light, a near light, a turn light and a width light. The steering lamp is divided into a left steering lamp and a right steering lamp. The electric vehicle with the front lamp of the large-sized common-ground vehicle is provided with a left lamp and a right lamp respectively, and belongs to split lamps.

FIG. 23: the large-scale vehicle is a sun vehicle headlight. Contain 6 subassemblies of far-reaching lamp, nearly lamp, li lamp, indicator, width lamp, fog lamp, their positive pole is concentrated and is connect positive polar line, and it is external only 1 plug. Some headlights have 4 assemblies of a far light, a near light, a turn light and a width light. The steering lamp is divided into a left steering lamp and a right steering lamp. The front lamp electric vehicle of the large-sized vehicle sharing the sun is respectively provided with a left lamp and a right lamp, and belongs to split lamps.

The foregoing embodiments and description have been provided merely to illustrate the principles of the utility model and one example thereof, and various changes and modifications may be made based on the principles and within the scope of the utility model as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An adapter, characterized by: the adapter comprises a mcu circuit, a combined handle circuit, a combined switch circuit and a communication circuit;

the mcu circuit comprises an mcu chip and is connected with the combined handle rotating circuit, the combined switch circuit and the communication circuit;

the combined rotating handle circuit comprises a rotating handle single-row socket so as to be externally connected with a combined rotating handle; the single-row socket of the rotating handle combines the original scattered sockets into one socket and is directly welded on a circuit board of the adapter;

the combined switch circuit comprises a switch single-row socket so as to be externally connected with a combined switch; the single-row switch socket combines the original scattered sockets of the combined switch into one socket and is directly welded on a circuit board of the adapter;

the communication circuit comprises a large-wire single-row socket and is directly welded on a circuit board of the adapter; the large wire single-row socket is connected with a large wire, the large wire comprises a communication wire and is connected with a motor controller through the communication wire, and bidirectional communication is realized;

the signals related to the combined rotating handle and the combined switch are transmitted to the motor controller through the communication line.

2. An adaptor according to claim 1, wherein: coating three-proofing paint or glue on two sides of the circuit board of the adapter;

the circuit board of the adapter adopts a mode that components are placed on two sides or a mode that the circuit board and a socket of the circuit board are replaced by a patch socket under the condition that the space is limited;

the plug wire of the front electric appliance is inserted into the front electric appliance from the lower part of the adapter to form a water guide bend, so that raindrops are prevented from flowing onto the circuit board along the plug wire;

the installation mode of the adapter is as follows: customizing space, shell and package suspension in a car factory;

the vehicle factory customized space is the installation position of the adapter circuit board reserved in a specific position in the whole electric vehicle factory;

the customized shell is the self-contained shell of the adapter and is fixed or hung in a corresponding space;

the wrapping suspension means that after the plugs of the front electric appliances are positioned, the circuit board and the plug wires are wrapped by using adhesive tapes or sleeves and are suspended in corresponding spaces.

3. An adaptor according to claim 1, wherein: the adapter comprises a wireless remote control receiving circuit or a plug-in electronic key receiving circuit; the mcu circuit is connected with the wireless remote control receiving circuit or the plug-in wire electronic key receiving circuit;

the wireless remote control receiving circuit is used for receiving the coded signal of the anti-theft remote controller and comprises a radio frequency receiving special chip; 2 to 5 capacitors and 1 to 3 inductors are externally matched with the special radio frequency receiving chip, and some of the special radio frequency receiving chip can work by needing 1 crystal oscillator;

the plug wire electronic key circuit is connected with the electronic key and is used for receiving the coded signal of the electronic key; the mcu circuit is connected with the electronic key.

4. An adaptor according to claim 1, wherein: the adapter comprises an integrated meter circuit, so that the adapter can directly display parameters of the electric vehicle; the data to be displayed in the motor controller is transmitted to the mcu circuit through the communication line; the integrated instrument circuit comprises a digital code or a bright block band; the digital code or the bright block band is respectively realized by an LED, an LCD or a VFD; the integrated instrument circuit comprises an LED circuit, an LCD circuit, or a VFD circuit;

the LED circuit comprises a mcu circuit and an LED array, and the LED array is directly placed on the back of the circuit board of the adapter; the LED circuit comprises a mcu chip pin direct driving mode or an LED driving chip driving mode; the LED circuit in the mcu chip pin direct drive mode comprises an xy scanning circuit, the mcu circuit is connected with the xy scanning circuit, and the xy scanning circuit is connected with the LED array; the LED circuit in the LED driving chip driving mode comprises an LED driving chip circuit, the mcu circuit is connected with the LED driving chip circuit, and the LED driving chip circuit is connected with the LED array;

the LCD circuit comprises a mcu circuit, an LCD driving chip circuit and an LCD screen; the mcu circuit is connected with the LCD driving chip circuit, and the LCD driving chip circuit is connected with the LCD screen; the LCD screen is directly placed on the back of the circuit board of the adapter;

the VFD circuit comprises a mcu circuit, a VFD driving chip circuit and a VFD screen; the mcu circuit is connected with the VFD driving chip circuit, and the VFD driving chip circuit is connected with the VFD screen; the VFD screen is directly placed on the back of the circuit board of the adapter;

the LED array, the LCD screen or the VFD screen face outwards, the circuit board of the adapter is fixed on a display panel of the combination instrument or the combination headlamp through a screw, a pressing strip, a clamping groove or an adhesion mode, and display contents are emitted out through a light hole of the display panel; characters or icons of corresponding parameters are printed beside the light holes of the display panel;

the size of a rear cover or a rear shell of the combined instrument or the combined headlamp is larger than that of a circuit board of the adapter, so that the front electrical appliance and a large wire can be conveniently plugged; the shell of the combination instrument or the combination headlamp is provided with a waterproof structure.

5. An adaptor according to claim 1, wherein: the adapter comprises an external instrument circuit which is used for displaying parameters of the electric vehicle by an external instrument; the external instrument circuit comprises an instrument single-row socket and is externally connected with an instrument through the instrument single-row socket;

the mcu circuit is connected with the external instrument circuit and is used for controlling the display content of the instrument; display data related to the motor controller is transmitted to the mcu circuit through the communication line;

the single-row socket of the instrument comprises pins corresponding to a left turn indicator lamp, a right turn indicator lamp, a headlamp indicator lamp, a power supply anode and a ground wire;

the high-end instrument also comprises a contact pin corresponding to a speed display signal, wherein the speed display signal is obtained by controlling a pwm output port by the mcu circuit according to the Hall signal change speed transmitted by the motor controller through a communication line and then through the speed conversion circuit.

6. An adaptor according to claim 1, wherein: the adapter comprises a lamp control circuit; the lamp control circuit comprises a sampling resistor circuit, an electronic switch circuit, a vehicle front switch circuit, a comparison circuit and a mcu circuit; the mcu circuit is connected with the electronic switch circuit, the vehicle front switch circuit and the comparison circuit; the electronic switch circuit is connected with the front switch circuit and the sampling resistor circuit; the comparison circuit is connected with the sampling resistance circuit; the front switch circuit comprises a single-row socket of the front lamp, and the single-row socket of the front lamp is connected with the front lamp; the front switch circuit comprises a large-wire single-row socket, and the large-wire single-row socket is connected with a communication wire; the lamp control circuit comprises a common ground concentration mode, a common ground bus mode, a common anode concentration mode or a common anode bus mode;

in the common ground concentration mode, the positive electrode of the sampling resistor circuit is connected with a positive electrode wire, the single-row socket of the front lamp is connected with the positive electrode of the front lamp, and the single-row socket of the large wire is connected with the positive electrode of the rear lamp through a rear lamp wire harness;

in the common ground bus mode, the anode of the sampling resistor circuit is connected with a positive wire, the single-row socket of the front lamp is connected with the anode of the front lamp, and the mcu circuit transmits the switch information of the rear lamp to the rear lamp control circuit through the communication wire;

in the common-anode centralized mode, the negative electrode of the sampling resistance circuit is connected with a negative electrode wire, the single-row socket of the front lamp is connected with the negative electrode of the front lamp, and the large-wire single-row socket is connected with the negative electrode of the rear lamp through a rear lamp wire harness;

in the common-anode bus mode, the negative electrode of the sampling resistor circuit is connected with a negative electrode wire, the single-row socket of the front lamp is connected with the negative electrode of the front lamp, and the mcu circuit transmits the switching information of the rear lamp to the rear lamp control circuit through the communication wire.

7. A meter, characterized by: the instrument is connected to the adapter of any one of claims 1 to 6, is matched with the external instrument circuit to complete the parameter display function of the electric vehicle, and is particularly connected to the single-row socket of the instrument;

the instrument comprises 3 to 7 combinations of a left-turn indicator light, a right-turn indicator light, a headlamp indicator light, a speed display circuit, an electric quantity display circuit, a mcu circuit and a single-row plug of the instrument; the single-row plug of the instrument is connected with 2 to 5 combinations of the left turn indicator light, the right turn indicator light, the headlight indicator light, the electric quantity display circuit and the mcu circuit; the mcu circuit is connected with the single-row plug of the instrument, the electric quantity display circuit and the speed display circuit; the electric quantity display circuit is connected with the mcu circuit;

all plug wires of the meter are placed in a plug;

the left-turn indicator light, the right-turn indicator light and the headlamp indicator light are composed of bulbs or LED lamps;

if the instrument is combined with a large lamp, the instrument becomes a 'large lamp assembly';

the meter comprises a common ground mode or a common sun mode;

in the common ground mode, the cathodes of 2 to 5 combinations of the left turn indicator light, the right turn indicator light, the headlight indicator light, the electric quantity display circuit and the speed display circuit are connected together in a centralized manner and are connected with the single-row plug of the instrument;

in the common positive mode, the anodes of 2-5 combinations of the left turn indicator light, the right turn indicator light, the headlight indicator light, the electric quantity display circuit and the speed display circuit are connected together in a centralized manner and are connected with the single-row plug of the instrument.

8. A headlamp characterized in that: the headlamp is connected to the adapter of any one of claims 1 to 6, and is matched with the lamp control circuit to complete the headlamp control, and is particularly connected to the single-row socket of the headlamp;

the headlamp comprises a headlamp single-row plug and a headlamp assembly; the headlamp assembly comprises 2 to 6 combinations of a far lamp, a near lamp, a ceremony lamp, a steering lamp, a width lamp and a fog lamp;

the single-row plug of the automobile headlamp is connected with the automobile headlamp assembly; the plug wire of the headlamp assembly is placed in a plug

The headlights comprise a common ground type, or a common sun type;

in the common ground type vehicle headlamp, the single-row plug of the vehicle headlamp comprises a ground wire insert, and the negative electrode of the vehicle headlamp component is centrally connected to a ground wire and is connected to the ground wire insert;

in the common-anode type vehicle headlamp, the single-row plug of the vehicle headlamp comprises a positive electrode line inserting sheet, and the positive electrode of the vehicle headlamp assembly is connected to a positive electrode line in a centralized manner and is connected to the positive electrode line inserting sheet.

9. A vehicle rear lamp is characterized in that: the rear lamp is connected to the adapter of any one of claims 1 to 6 through the rear lamp wiring harness or the communication line, and is matched with the lamp control circuit to complete the control of the rear lamp, and is particularly connected to the large-line single-row socket;

the rear lamp comprises a single-row plug of the rear lamp and a rear lamp component; the rear lamp assembly comprises 2 to 5 combinations of a steering lamp, a reversing lamp, a brake lamp, a fog lamp and a width indicator lamp;

the single-row plug of the rear lamp is connected with the rear lamp component; the plug wire of the rear lamp assembly is placed in a plug;

the rear lamp comprises a common ground type or a common sun type;

in the common ground type rear lamp, the single-row plug of the rear lamp comprises a ground wire insert, and the negative electrode of the rear lamp component is connected to a ground wire in a centralized manner and is connected to the ground wire insert;

in the positive type car tail lamp altogether, the single row plug of car tail lamp contains positive polar line inserted sheet, the anodal concentrated connection to positive polar line of car tail lamp subassembly is connected to positive polar line inserted sheet.

10. An electric vehicle, characterized in that: the electric vehicle is equipped with an adaptor of any one of claims 1 to 6, or a meter of claim 7, or a headlamp of claim 8, or a backlight of claim 9.